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Fair Value Measurements | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Determination of Fair Value The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. In accordance with the “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures” topic of FASB ASC, the fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. The fair value guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset or liability, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions. Fair Value Hierarchy In accordance with this guidance, the Company groups its assets and liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.
Level 1 – | Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 assets and liabilities generally include debt and equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 – | Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 – | Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which determination of fair value requires a significant management judgment or estimation.
An instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in the financial statements: Securities available for sale Securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value measurement is based upon quoted market prices, when available (Level 1). If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are derived primarily from or corroborated by observable market data. Third party vendors compile prices from various sources and may determine the fair value of identical or similar securities by using pricing models that consider observable market data (Level 2). The following tables present the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands).
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017
Description | Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 74,804 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74,804 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 14,451 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,451 |  |  | — |
| $ | 89,255 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89,255 |  |  | $ | — |
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016
Description | Balance as of December 31, 2016 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. agency and mortgage-backed securities | $ | 80,171 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 80,171 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 14,620 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,620 |  |  | — |
Corporate equity securities | 11 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 94,802 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 94,791 |  |  | $ | — |
Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with GAAP. Adjustments to the fair value of these assets usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. The following describes the valuation techniques used by the Company to measure certain assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in the financial statements: Loans held for sale Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value. These loans currently consist of one-to-four family residential loans originated for sale in the secondary market. Fair value is based on the price secondary markets are currently offering for similar loans using observable market data which is not materially different than cost due to the short duration between origination and sale (Level 2). As such, the Company records any fair value adjustments on a nonrecurring basis. No nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded on loans held for sale during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Impaired Loans Loans are designated as impaired when, in the judgment of management based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements will not be collected. The measurement of loss associated with impaired loans can be based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the observable market price of the loan, or the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell. Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable. The vast majority of the Company’s collateral is real estate. The value of real estate collateral is determined utilizing a market valuation approach based on an appraisal conducted by an independent, licensed appraiser using observable market data (Level 2) within the last twelve months. However, if the collateral is a house or building in the process of construction or if an appraisal of the property is more than one year old and not solely based on observable market comparables or management determines the fair value of the collateral is further impaired below the appraised value, then a Level 3 valuation is considered to measure the fair value. The value of business equipment is based upon an outside appraisal, of one year or less, if deemed significant, or the net book value on the applicable business’s financial statements if not considered significant using observable market data. Likewise, values for inventory and accounts receivables collateral are based on financial statement balances or aging reports (Level 3). Impaired loans allocated to the allowance for loan losses are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as provision for loan losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Other real estate owned Loans are transferred to other real estate owned when the collateral securing them is foreclosed on or acquired through a deed in lieu of foreclosure. The measurement of loss associated with other real estate owned is based on the appraisal documents and assessed the same way as impaired loans described above. Any fair value adjustments are recorded in the period incurred as other real estate owned income on the Consolidated Statements of Income. The following tables summarize the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands).
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017
Description. | Balance as of December 31, 2017 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Other real estate owned | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 326 |
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016
Description | Balance as of December 31, 2016 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans, net | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 116 |
Other real estate owned | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 250 |
| Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2017
| Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted- Average)
Other real estate owned | $ | 326 |  |  | Contract Price |  | Selling cost |  | 7 | %
| Quantitative information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements for December 31, 2016
| Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted- Average)
Impaired loans, net | $ | 116 |  |  | Property appraisals |  | Selling cost |  | 10 | %
Other real estate owned | $ | 250 |  |  | Property appraisals |  | Selling cost |  | — | %
The amount disclosed as fair value of other real estate owned at December 31, 2016 represents the carrying value of the property. Since the appraised value of the property, net of selling costs, exceeded the Company’s carrying value on the date the property was transferred from premises and equipment to other real estate owned, the Company did not adjust the carrying value for selling costs. Accounting guidance requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The methodologies for other financial assets and financial liabilities are discussed below: Cash and Cash Equivalents and Federal Funds Sold The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments approximate fair values. Securities Held to Maturity Certain debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity are recorded at amortized cost. Fair values are determined in a manner that is consistent with securities available for sale. Restricted Securities The carrying value of restricted securities approximates fair value based on redemption provisions. Loans For variable-rate loans that re-price frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values. Fair values for all other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Fair values for non-performing loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses or underlying collateral values, where applicable. Deposit Liabilities The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-rate certificates of deposit is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. Accrued Interest Accrued interest receivable and payable were estimated to equal the carrying value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Borrowings and Federal Funds Purchased The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings maturing within ninety days approximate their fair values. Fair values of all other borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the Company’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. Bank Owned Life Insurance Bank owned life insurance represents insurance policies on officers, directors, and past directors of the Company. The cash values of these policies are estimates using information provided by insurance carriers. These policies are carried at their cash surrender value, which approximates the fair value. Commitments and Unfunded Credits The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of stand-by letters of credit is based on fees currently charged for similar agreements or on the estimated cost to terminate them or otherwise settle the obligations with the counterparties at the reporting date. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, fair value of loan commitments and standby letters of credit was immaterial. The carrying values and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows (in thousands):
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2017 Using
| Carrying Amount |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 |  | Fair Value
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and short-term investments | $ | 39,986 |  |  | $ | 39,986 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39,986 |
Securities available for sale | 89,255 |  |  | — |  |  | 89,255 |  |  | — |  |  | 89,255 |
Securities held to maturity | 48,208 |  |  | — |  |  | 46,186 |  |  | 1,516 |  |  | 47,702 |
Restricted securities | 1,570 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,570 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,570 |
Loans held for sale | 438 |  |  | — |  |  | 438 |  |  | — |  |  | 438 |
Loans, net | 516,875 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 514,013 |  |  | 514,013 |
Bank owned life insurance | 13,967 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,967 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,967 |
Accrued interest receivable | 1,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,916 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 664,980 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 542,329 |  |  | $ | 120,834 |  |  | $ | 663,163 |
Subordinated debt | 4,948 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,004 |  |  | 5,004 |
Junior subordinated debt | 9,279 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,653 |  |  | 9,653 |
Accrued interest payable | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |
| Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using
| Carrying Amount |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3 |  | Fair Value
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and short-term investments | $ | 41,092 |  |  | $ | 41,092 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41,092 |
Securities available for sale | 94,802 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 94,791 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,802 |
Securities held to maturity | 53,398 |  |  | — |  |  | 51,223 |  |  | 1,486 |  |  | 52,709 |
Restricted securities | 1,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,548 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,548 |
Loans held for sale | 337 |  |  | — |  |  | 337 |  |  | — |  |  | 337 |
Loans, net | 480,746 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 481,475 |  |  | 481,475 |
Bank owned life insurance | 13,928 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,928 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,928 |
Accrued interest receivable | 1,746 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,746 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,746 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 645,570 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 517,143 |  |  | $ | 127,179 |  |  | $ | 644,322 |
Subordinated debt | 4,930 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,715 |  |  | 4,715 |
Junior subordinated debt | 9,279 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,075 |  |  | 9,075 |
Accrued interest payable | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |
The Company assumes interest rate risk (the risk that general interest rate levels will change) as a result of its normal operations. As a result, the fair values of the Company’s financial instruments will change when interest rate levels change and that change may be either favorable or unfavorable to the Company. Management attempts to match maturities of assets and liabilities to the extent believed necessary to minimize interest rate risk. However, borrowers with fixed rate obligations are less likely to prepay in a rising rate environment and more likely to prepay in a falling rate environment. Conversely, depositors who are receiving fixed rates are more likely to withdraw funds before maturity in a rising rate environment and less likely to do so in a falling rate environment. Management monitors rates and maturities of assets and liabilities and attempts to minimize interest rate risk by adjusting terms of new loans and deposits and by investing in securities with terms that mitigate the Company’s overall interest rate risk.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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