Loans

Loans at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are summarized as follows (in thousands):



	2018			2017
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	45,867		$	35,927
Secured by 1-4 family residential	215,945			208,177
Other real estate	219,553			222,256
Commercial and industrial loans	44,605			38,763
Consumer and other loans	16,886			17,078
Total loans	$	542,856		$	522,201
Allowance for loan losses	(5,009		)	(5,326		)
Loans, net	$	537,847		$	516,875

Net deferred loan fees included in the above loan categories were $274 thousand and $301 thousand at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Consumer and other loans included $275 thousand and $232 thousand of demand deposit overdrafts at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The following tables provide a summary of loan classes and an aging of past due loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):



	December 31, 2018
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		> 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Non- Accrual Loans		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	88	$	80	$	—	$	168	$	45,699	$	45,867	$	327	$	—
1-4 family residential	747		393		423		1,563		214,382		215,945		663		—
Other real estate loans	145		36		2,207		2,388		217,165		219,553		1,985		222
Commercial and industrial	—		25		210		235		44,370		44,605		197		13
Consumer and other loans	90		—		—		90		16,796		16,886		—		—
Total	$	1,070	$	534	$	2,840	$	4,444	$	538,412	$	542,856	$	3,172	$	235



	December 31, 2017
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		> 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Non- Accrual Loans		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	986	$	30	$	40	$	1,056	$	34,871	$	35,927	$	269	$	40
1-4 family residential	606		203		148		957		207,220		208,177		267		106
Other real estate loans	2,042		170		10		2,222		220,034		222,256		401		10
Commercial and industrial	184		25		—		209		38,554		38,763		—		—
Consumer and other loans	51		49		27		127		16,951		17,078		—		27
Total	$	3,869	$	477	$	225	$	4,571	$	517,630	$	522,201	$	937	$	183

Credit Quality Indicators

As part of the ongoing monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grading of specified classes of loans. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a rating to each of its loans. The loan ratings are summarized into the following categories: pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful, and loss. Pass rated loans include all risk rated credits other than those included in special mention, substandard, or doubtful. Loans classified as loss are charged-off. Loan officers assign risk grades to loans at origination and as renewals arise. The Bank’s Credit Administration department reviews risk grades for accuracy on a quarterly basis and as credit issues arise. In addition, a certain amount of loans are reviewed each year through the Company’s internal and external loan review process. A description of the general characteristics of the loan grading categories is as follows:

Pass – Loans classified as pass exhibit acceptable operating trends, balance sheet trends, and liquidity. Sufficient cash flow exists to service the loan. All obligations have been paid by the borrower as agreed.

Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the Bank’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and payment capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The Company considers all doubtful loans to be impaired and places the loan on non-accrual status.

Loss – Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.

The following tables provide an analysis of the credit risk profile of each loan class as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):



	December 31, 2018
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	45,054	$	235	$	578	$	—	$	45,867
Secured by 1-4 family residential	214,089		924		932		—		215,945
Other real estate loans	213,681		900		4,972		—		219,553
Commercial and industrial	44,373		19		213		—		44,605
Consumer and other loans	16,886		—		—		—		16,886
Total	$	534,083	$	2,078	$	6,695	$	—	$	542,856



	December 31, 2017
	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Real estate loans:
Construction and land development	$	31,553	$	2,268	$	2,106	$	—	$	35,927
Secured by 1-4 family residential	204,166		1,933		2,078		—		208,177
Other real estate loans	215,773		971		5,512		—		222,256
Commercial and industrial	38,606		53		104		—		38,763
Consumer and other loans	17,078		—		—		—		17,078
Total	$	507,176	$	5,225	$	9,800	$	—	$	522,201