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Note 1 - General
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Notes to Financial Statements  
Organization, Consolidation, Basis of Presentation, Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block]
Note
1.
General
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of First National Corporation (the Company) and its subsidiary, First Bank (the Bank), have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do
not
include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments and reclassifications of a normal and recurring nature considered necessary to present fairly the financial positions at
March 31, 2021
and
December 31, 2020
, the statements of income and comprehensive income for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2021
and
2020
, the cash flows for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2021
and
2020
, and the changes in shareholders' equity for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2021
and
2020
. The statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Annual Report on Form
10
-K for the year ended
December 31, 2020
. Operating results for the
three
months ended
March 31, 2021
are
not
necessarily indicative of the results that
may
be expected for the year ending
December 31, 2021
.
 
Risks and Uncertainties
 
The outbreak of COVID-
19
has adversely impacted a broad range of industries in which the Company's customers operate and could impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. The World Health Organization has declared COVID-
19
to be a global pandemic indicating that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections. The spread of the outbreak has caused disruptions in the U.S. economy and has disrupted banking and other financial activity in the areas in which the Company operates. While there has been
no
material impact to the Company's employees to date, COVID-
19
could also potentially create widespread business continuity issues for the Company.
 
Congress, the President, and the Federal Reserve have taken several actions designed to cushion the economic fallout. Most notably, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act was signed into law in
March 2020
as a
$2
trillion legislative package and the American Rescue Plan Act of
2021
was signed into law in
March 2021
and provides an additional
$1.9
trillion in spending to address the continued impact of COVID-
19.
The goal of these legislative measures is to prevent a severe economic downturn through various measures, including direct financial aid to American families and economic stimulus to significantly impacted industry sectors. The package also includes extensive emergency funding for hospitals and providers. In addition to the general impact of COVID-
19,
certain provisions of the CARES Act as well as other recent legislative and regulatory relief efforts
may
have a material impact on the Company's operations.
 
The Company's business is dependent upon the willingness and ability of its employees and customers to conduct banking and other financial transactions.  If the global response to contain COVID-
19
escalates further or is unsuccessful, the Company could experience a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. While it is
not
possible to know the full universe or extent that the impact of COVID-
19,
and resulting measures to curtail its spread, will have on the Company's operations, the Company is disclosing potentially material items of which it is aware.
 
Results of Operations
 
The Company's net interest income could decrease due to COVID-
19.
In keeping with guidance from regulators, the Company worked with certain COVID-
19
affected borrowers to reduce their loan payments by modifying the loan agreements to allow for interest only payments. The loan modification periods ranged from
6
months to
24
months and were intended to provide payment relief to borrowers over the period of time that COVID-
19
is expected to continue to negatively affect the profitability of the borrowers' businesses. Although the modified loan payments have been made as agreed and interest income has been recognized by the Company, should the borrowers be negatively affected by COVID-
19
for a period of time that extends beyond the loan modification periods, it's possible the borrowers
may
not
be able to resume regular principal and interest payments in future periods and the Company
may
no
longer be able to accrue interest income on the loans.  At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact but recognizes the breadth of the economic impact
may
affect its borrowers' ability to repay in future periods.
 
The Company's net interest income could also decrease due to adverse economic conditions that
may
result from COVID-
19
and a related decrease in loan demand, causing a shift in earning asset balances from loans into lower yielding interest-bearing deposits in banks and securities.  The decrease in loan demand could also increase the competition for loans and result in a reduction of loan rates offered by other financial institutions. 
 
The Company's noninterest income could decrease due to COVID-
19.
Service charges on deposits decreased during
2020
 and the
first
quarter of
2021
 and
may
continue to decrease in future periods from less customer spending and/or higher balances of customer deposits. Wealth management revenue
may
decrease in future periods if the market values of investments decline and mortgage fee income
may
decrease from less home buying activity in the Company's market area. At this time, the Company is unable to project the materiality of such an impact but recognizes it
may
unfavorably affect its noninterest income in future periods.
 
The Company's noninterest expense could increase due to COVID-
19.
If the Bank's asset quality worsens, it
may
incur additional loan expenses in future periods from obtaining updated appraisals on loan collateral, additional legal and professional expenses related to the resolution of problem loans, an increase in other real estate owned expense, and potential losses on the sale of other real estate owned.
 
At this time, the Company is unable to project the full extent or materiality of the foregoing impacts but recognizes the breadth of the economic impacts of COVID-
19
may
have an unfavorable impact on net interest income, noninterest income, noninterest expense, and loan customers' ability to repay loans, in future periods.
 
Capital and Liquidity
 
While the Company believes it has sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession brought about by COVID-
19,
its reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by provision for loan losses in future periods. Larger amounts of provision for loan losses
may
result from factors including higher specific reserves on newly identified and existing impaired loans, higher levels of net charge-offs, and additional adjustments to qualitative factors in the general reserve component of the Bank's allowance for loan losses. In
March 2020,
the Company suspended future stock repurchases under its stock repurchase program due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic, and the program remained suspended for the remainder of
2020.
 The Company has
not
authorized another stock repurchase program due to the continued uncertainty and potential impact of the pandemic on the economy and the Bank's customers. In
June 2020,
the Company issued
$5.0
million of subordinated debt to strengthen holding company liquidity and to remain a source of strength to the Bank in the event of a severe economic downturn resulting from the pandemic. The Company will continue to update its enterprise risk assessment and capital plans as the operating environment develops.
 
The Company maintains access to multiple sources of liquidity. While wholesale funding markets have remained open, interest rates for short term funding could become volatile. If funding costs would become elevated for an extended period of time, it
may
have an adverse effect on the Company's net interest margin. If an extended recession causes large numbers of the Company's deposit customers to withdraw their funds, the Company could become more reliant on volatile or more expensive sources of funding.
 
Processes, Controls and Business Continuity Plan
 
 
The Company continues to operate under its Pandemic Continuity of Operations Plan that includes a remote working strategy. The Company has
not
incurred additional material costs related to employees working remotely.
No
material operational or internal control challenges or risks have been identified to date. The Company does
not
anticipate significant challenges to its ability to maintain its systems and controls in light of the measures the Company has taken to prevent the spread of COVID-
19.
The Company does
not
currently face any material resource constraint through the implementation of its business continuity plan.
 
Lending Operations and Accommodations to Borrowers
 
 
In keeping with regulatory guidance to work with borrowers during this unprecedented situation, the Company offered a payment deferral program, primarily during the
second
and
third
quarters of
2020,
for its individual and business customers adversely affected by the pandemic that deferred loan payments for up to
90
days. There were
no
loans remaining in the program at
March 31, 2021.
In accordance with the CARES Act and interagency guidance issued in
August 2020,
these short-term loan payment deferrals were 
not
considered troubled debt restructurings. 
 
During the
fourth
quarter of
2020,
the Bank modified terms of certain loans for customers that continued to be negatively impacted by the pandemic. The loan modifications lowered borrower loan payments by allowing interest only payments for periods ranging between
6
and
24
months. All loans modified were in the Bank's commercial real estate loan portfolio and totaled
$14.3
million at
March 31, 2021.
The loans were comprised of
$12.8
million in the lodging sector and
$1.5
million in the leisure sector.
 
With the passage of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), administered by the Small Business Administration (SBA), the Company actively participated in assisting its customers with applications for resources through the program. During the
second
and
third
quarters of
2020,
the Bank originated
$76.6
 million of PPP loans, received
$2.5
million of loan fees, and incurred
$535
 thousand of loan origination costs. The loan fees are being accreted into earnings evenly over the life of the loans, net of the loan costs, through interest and fees on loans. Approximately
99%
of the PPP loan balances will mature in the
second
quarter of
2022.
The Company believes the majority of these loans will ultimately be forgiven and repaid by the SBA in accordance with the terms of the program. As of
March 31, 2021,
PPP loan balances originated in
2020
totaled
$46.5
 million. It is the Company's understanding that loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. Should those circumstances change, the Company could be required to establish additional allowance for loan losses through additional provision for loan losses charged to earnings.
 
Congress revived the PPP (new PPP) as part of the COVID-
19
relief bill that was signed into law on
December 27, 2020.
The Bank began participating as a lender in the new PPP in
January
of
2021.
As of
March 31, 2021,
the Bank originated
$19.8
 million of new PPP loans and incurred
$51
thousand of loan origination costs. The Bank expects to receive
$1.1
million of loan fees from the SBA as a result of the loan originations. Loan fees received on new PPP loans will also be accreted into earnings evenly over the life of the loans, net of the loan costs, through interest and fees on loans. These new PPP loans will mature in the
first
quarter of
2026.
 
Asset Quality
 
 
The economic impact of the pandemic had an unfavorable impact on the financial condition of certain Bank customers. The Bank entered into loan modification agreements in the
fourth
quarter of
2020
to provide relief to certain customers that were continuing to experience temporary business interruptions from the pandemic. The modifications were designed to help borrowers continue their business operations while minimizing potential loan charge-offs. The Bank expects significant pressure on several sectors of the loan portfolio to continue, including retail shopping, and lodging and leisure, among others.
 
The magnitude of the potential decline in the Bank's loan quality will likely depend on the length and extent that the Bank's customers experience business interruptions from the pandemic.
 
Business Combination
 
On
February 18, 2021,
the Company entered into an agreement to acquire The Bank of Fincastle (Fincastle) for an aggregate purchase price of
$31.6
million of cash and stock. Additional information about the acquisition is presented in Note
17.
 
Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements
 
In
December 2019,
the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU)
No.
 
2019
-
12,
“Income Taxes (Topic
740
) – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes” (ASU
2019
-
12
).  The ASU is expected to reduce cost and complexity related to the accounting for income taxes by removing specific exceptions to general principles in Topic
740
(eliminating the need for an organization to analyze whether certain exceptions apply in a given period) and improving financial statement preparers' application of certain income tax-related guidance. This ASU is part of the FASB's simplification initiative to make narrow-scope simplifications and improvements to accounting standards through a series of short-term projects.  ASU
2019
-
12
was effective for the Company on
January 1, 2021.
The adoption of this standard did
not
have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
 
In
January 2020,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2020
-
01,
“Investments – Equity Securities (Topic
321
), Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic
323
), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic
815
) – Clarifying the Interactions between Topic
321,
Topic
323,
and Topic
815”
(ASU
2020
-
01
).  The ASU is based on a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force and is expected to increase comparability in accounting for these transactions.  ASU
2016
-
01
made targeted improvements to accounting for financial instruments, including providing an entity the ability to measure certain equity securities without a readily determinable fair value at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.  Among other topics, the amendments clarify that an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting.  ASU
2020
-
01
was effective for the Company on
January 1, 2021. 
The adoption of this standard did
not
have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
 
In
October 2020,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2020
-
08,
“Codification Improvements to Subtopic
310
-
20,
Receivables – Nonrefundable fees and Other Costs” (ASU
2020
-
08
). This ASU clarifies that an entity should reevaluate whether a callable debt security is within the scope of ASC paragraph
310
-
20
-
35
-
33
for each reporting period. ASU
2020
-
08
was effective for the Company on
January 1, 2021. 
The adoption of this standard did
not
have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
 
In
December 2020,
the Consolidated Appropriations Act of
2021
(CAA) was passed.  Under Section
541
of the CAA, Congress extended or modified many of the relief programs
first
created by the CARES Act, including the PPP loan program and treatment of certain loan modifications related to the COVID-
19
pandemic. For information about the impact of the COVID-
19
pandemic on the Company, see "Risks and Uncertainties" above. 
 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In
June 2016,
the FASB issued ASU 
No.
2016
-
13,
“Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic
326
): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (ASU
2016
-
13
).  The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The FASB has issued multiple updates to ASU
2016
-
13
as codified in Topic
326,
including ASU's
2019
-
04,
2019
-
05,
2019
-
10,
2019
-
11,
2020
-
02,
and
2020
-
03.
  These ASU's have provided for various minor technical corrections and improvements to the codification as well as other transition matters.  Smaller reporting companies who file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and all other entities who do
not
file with the SEC are required to apply the guidance for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after
December 15, 2022.
The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU
2016
-
13
will have on its consolidated financial statements. The Company has formed a committee to address the compliance requirements of this ASU, which has analyzed gathered data, defined loan pools and segments, and selected methods for applying the concepts included in this ASU. The Company is in the process of testing selected models, building policy and processing documentation, modeling the impact of the ASU on the capital and strategic plans, performing model validation, and finalizing policies and procedures. This guidance
may
result in material changes in the Company's accounting for credit losses of financial instruments.
 
Effective
November 25, 2019,
the SEC adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB)
119.
  SAB
119
updated portions of SEC interpretative guidance to align with FASB ASC
326,
“Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.”  It covers topics including (
1
) measuring current expected credit losses; (
2
) development, governance, and documentation of a systematic methodology; (
3
) documenting the results of a systematic methodology; and (
4
) validating a systematic methodology.
 
In
March 2020,
the FASB issued ASU 
No.
2020
-
04,
“Reference Rate Reform (Topic
848
): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (ASU
2020
-
04
). These amendments provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The guidance is effective for all entities as of
March 12, 2020
through
December 31, 2022.
Subsequently, in
January 2021,
the FASB issued ASU 
No.
2021
-
01
“Reference Rate Reform (Topic
848
): Scope” (ASU
2021
-
01
). This ASU clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic
848
for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The ASU also amends the expedients and exceptions in Topic
848
to capture the incremental consequences of the scope clarification and to tailor the existing guidance to derivative instruments affected by the discounting transition. An entity
may
elect to apply ASU 
2021
-
01
on contract modifications that change the interest rate used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment retrospectively as of any date from the beginning of the interim period that includes
March 12, 2020,
or prospectively to new modifications from any date within the interim period that includes or is subsequent to
January 7, 2021,
up to the date that financial statements are available to be issued. An entity
may
elect to apply ASU
2021
-
01
to eligible hedging relationships existing as of the beginning of the interim period that includes
March 12, 2020,
and to new eligible hedging relationships entered into after the beginning of the interim period that includes
March 12, 2020.
The Company is currently in the process of identifying loans and other financial instruments that are directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Company is assessing ASU
2020
-
04
and its impact on the Company's transition away from LIBOR for its loan and other financial instruments.
 
In
August 2020,
the FASB issued ASU
No.
2020
-
06,
"Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic
470
-
20
) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic
815
-
40
): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity's Own Equity" (ASU
2020
-
06
). The ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current U.S. GAAP. Consequently, more convertible debt instruments will be reported as a single liability instrument and more convertible preferred stock as a single equity instrument with
no
separate accounting for embedded conversion features. The ASU removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception, which will permit more equity contracts to qualify for it. The ASU also simplifies the diluted earnings per share (EPS) calculation in certain areas. In addition, the amendment updates the disclosure requirements for convertible instruments to increase the information transparency. For public business entities, excluding smaller reporting companies, the amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2021,
and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2023,
including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does
not
expect the adoption of ASU
2020
-
06
 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.