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Accounting Policies and Nature of Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accounting Policies and Nature of Operations

NOTE 1 — ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

A summary of the significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements follows:

Principles of Consolidation and Nature of Operations

Envela and its subsidiaries engage in diverse business activities within the recommerce sector. These include one of the nation’s premier authenticated recommerce retailers of luxury hard assets; end-of-life asset recycling; data destruction and IT asset management; and providers of products, services and solutions to industrial and commercial companies. Envela operates primarily via two business segments. Through DGSE, we operate Dallas Gold and Silver Exchange, Charleston Gold & Diamond Exchange, and Bullion Express brands. Through the Echo Entities we operate Echo Environmental, ITAD USA and Teladvance. Envela is a Nevada corporation, headquartered in Dallas, Texas.

DGSE buys and sells jewelry, diamonds, fine watches, rare coins and currency, precious metal bullion products, scrap gold, silver, platinum and palladium as well as collectibles and other valuables. DGSE operates five jewelry stores at both the retail and wholesale level, throughout the United States through its facilities in South Carolina and Texas. The Company also maintains a presence in the retail market through our ecommerce sites, www.dgse.com and www.cgdeinc.com.

The Echo Entities buys electronic components from businesses and other organizations, such as school districts, for end-of-life recycling or to add life to electronic devices by data destruction and refurbishment for reuse. For end-of–life recycling, we sell to downstream recycling companies who further process our material for end users. The electronic devices saved for reuse are cleaned of prior data, refurbished and sold to businesses or organizations wanting to extend the remaining life and value of recycled electronics. Our customers are companies and organizations that are based domestically and internationally.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

The Company operates the business as two operating and reportable segments under a variety of banners. DGSE includes Charleston Gold & Diamond Exchange and Dallas Gold & Silver Exchange. The Echo Entities include Echo Environmental, ITAD USA and Teladvance. The Company’s fiscal year ends are December 31, 2019 (“Fiscal 2019”) and December 31, 2018 (“Fiscal 2018”).

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair value.

Inventories

DGSE inventory is valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The Company acquires a majority of its inventory from individual customers, including pre-owned jewelry, watches, bullion, rare coins and collectibles. The Company acquires these items based on its own internal estimate of the fair market value of the items at the time of purchase. The Company considers factors such as the current spot market price of precious metals and current market demand for the items being purchased. The Company supplements these purchases from individual customers with inventory purchased from wholesale vendors. These wholesale purchases of new merchandise can take the form of full asset purchases, or consigned inventory. Consigned inventory is accounted for on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet with a fully offsetting contra account so that consigned inventory has a net zero balance. The majority of the Company’s inventory has some component of its value that is based on the spot market price of precious metals. Because the overall market value for precious metals regularly fluctuates, these fluctuations could have either a positive or negative impact on the value of the Company’s inventory and could positively or negatively impact the profitability of the Company. The Company regularly monitors these fluctuations to evaluate any necessary impairment to its inventory.

The Echo inventory principally includes processed and unprocessed electronic scrap materials. The value of the material is derived from recycling the precious and other scrap metals included in the scrap. The processed and unprocessed materials are carried at the lower of the average cost of the material during the month of purchase or NRV. The in-transit material is carried at lower of cost or market using the retail method. Under the retail method the valuation of the inventory at cost and the resulting gross margins are calculated by applying a cost to retail ratio to the retail value of the inventory.

The inventory listed in Note 3, and for the time period until May 17, 2020, is pledged as collateral against our $1,000,000 short-term line of credit with Texas Bank and Trust.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and are depreciated over their estimated useful lives, generally from five to ten years, on a straight-line basis. Equipment capitalized under capital leases are amortized over the lesser of the useful life or respective lease terms and the related amortization is included in depreciation and amortization expense. Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their useful life or the term of the lease.

Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged against income as incurred; betterments that increase the value or materially extend the life of the related assets are capitalized. When assets are sold or retired, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is recorded to current operating income.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets, Amortized Intangible Assets and Goodwill

The Company performs impairment evaluations of its long-lived assets, including property, equipment, and intangible assets with finite lives whenever business conditions or events indicate that those assets may be impaired. When the estimated future undiscounted cash flows to be generated by the assets are less than the carrying value of the long-lived assets, the assets are written down to fair market value and a charge is recorded to current operations. Based on the Company’s evaluations no impairment was required as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.

We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or when there is reason to believe that the value has been diminished or impaired. Evaluations for possible impairment are based upon a comparison of the estimated fair value of the reporting segment to which the goodwill has been assigned, versus the sum of the carrying value of the assets and liabilities of that segment including the assigned goodwill value. Goodwill is tested at the segment level and is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on the balance sheet.

Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the immediate or short-term maturity of these financial instruments. The carrying amounts reported for the note receivable and capital lease approximate fair value because the underlying instruments have an interest rate that reflects current market rates. None of these instruments are held for trading purposes.

Advertising Costs

DGSE advertising costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $392,588 and $416,306 for Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 2018, respectively.

The Echo Entity’s advertising costs are expensed as incurred and amounted to $4,809 for the period beginning May 20, 2019 through December 31, 2019.

Accounts Receivable.

Given the generally low level of accounts receivable for DGSE, the Company uses a simplified approach to calculate a general bad debt reserve. An allowance is calculated for each aging “bucket,” based on the risk profile of that bucket. For example, based on our historical experience, we have chosen to not place any reserve on amounts that are less than 60 days past due. From there the reserve amount escalates: 10% reserve on amounts over 60 but less than 90 days past due, 25% on amounts over 90 but less than 120 past due, and 75% on amounts over 120 days past due. The account receivables past 120 days past due are reviewed quarterly and if they are deemed uncollectable will be written off against the reserve.

For Fiscal 2018, DGSE, had written off all trade account receivables, except one, and determined that a reserve of $0 was appropriate. For Fiscal 2019, besides the normal timing to clear credit cards and financing collections, DGSE’s accounts receivable balance consisted of wholesale dealers that are current, therefore no reserve was established at December 31, 2019. Once a reserve is established, and an amount is considered to be uncollectable it is to be written off against the reserve. We will revisit the reserve periodically, but no less than annually, with the same analytical approach in order to determine if the reserve needs to be increased or decreased, based on the risk profile of open accounts receivable at that point.

The Echo Entities have a more sizable accounts receivable balance at $2,383,061 as of December 31, 2019. We use a different approach for allowance for doubtful accounts because customers are generally larger and payable terms are farther out. Once we determine that a balance is uncollectable we reserve that balance but still pursue payment. On the rare occasion we determine a balance is uncollectable we will write off the balance against the reserve. As of December 31, 2019 we consider the full accounts receivable balance to be fully collectable and feel that a reserve of $0 to be appropriate.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there was no allowance for doubtful accounts.

A summary of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts is presented below:

	December 31,
	2019		2018

Beginning Balance	$	-	$	226,520
Bad debt expense (+)		-		1,241,919
Receivables written off (-)		-		(1,468,439	)
Ending Balance	$	-	$	-

Short-Term Financing

Envela established a short-term line of credit with Texas Bank and Trust for $1,000,000 to cover emergency cash needs. The line of credit runs from May 17, 2019 through May 16, 2020. It has a varying interest rate, per annum. based on the Prime Rate. On December 31, 2019, the interest rate was 5%. We fully anticipate renewing the line of credit. As of December 31, 2019, the balance due on this short-term line of credit was $0.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method prescribed by Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets unless it is more likely than not such assets will be realized.

The Company accounts for its position in tax uncertainties in accordance with ASC 740. The guidance establishes standards for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The guidance provides several clarifications related to uncertain tax positions. Most notably, a “more likely-than-not” standard for initial recognition of tax positions, a presumption of audit detection and a measurement of recognized tax benefits based on the largest amount that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of realization. ASC 740 applies a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized in the financial statements. First, the Company must determine whether any amount of the tax benefit may be recognized. Second, the Company determines how much of the tax benefit should be recognized (this would only apply to tax positions that qualify for recognition). The Company has not taken a tax position that, if challenged, would have a material effect on the financial statements or the effective tax rate during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

The Company currently believes that its significant filing positions are highly certain and that all of its other significant income tax filing positions and deductions would be sustained upon audit or the final resolution would not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Therefore, the Company has not established any significant reserves for uncertain tax positions. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties resulting from audits by tax authorities in the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of operations. During Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 2018, the Company did not incur any federal income tax interest or penalties.

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which superseded revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. The ASU is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The ASU also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgements and changes in judgements and assets recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract.

ASC 606 provides guidance to identify performance obligations for revenue-generating transactions. The initial step is to identify the contract with a customer created with the sales invoice or a repair ticket. Secondly, to identify the performance obligations in the contract as we promise to deliver the purchased item or promised repairs in return for payment or future payment as a receivable. The third step is determining the transaction price of the contract obligation as in the full ticket price, negotiated price or a repair price. The next step is to allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations as we designate a separate price for each item. The final step in the guidance is to recognize revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied.

The following Consolidated and State disaggregation tables of revenue are listed by entity and sales category:

CONSOLIDATED	For Years Ended December 31,
	2019							2018
DGSE	Revenues		Gross Profit		Margin			Revenues		Gross Profit		Margin
Jewelry	$	17,206,586	$	4,291,487		24.9	%	$	17,987,872	$	5,158,215		28.7	%
Bullion/Rare Coin		39,689,218		2,645,534		6.7	%		29,079,487		2,951,368		10.1	%
Scrap		7,431,749		1,157,459		15.6	%		5,140,420		907,190		17.6	%
Other		3,192,601		823,344		25.8	%		1,848,564		662,950		35.9	%

Subtotal		67,520,154		8,917,824		13.2	%		54,056,343		9,679,723		17.9	%

Echo Entities
Recycle		4,441,347		2,533,416		57.0	%		-		-		-
Reuse		4,280,934		2,158,698		50.4	%		-		-		-
Refining		3,417,872		546,860		16.0	%		-		-		-
Services		2,364,190		2,099,044		88.8	%		-		-		-

Subtotal		14,504,343		7,338,018		50.6	%		-		-		-

	$	82,024,497	$	16,255,842		19.8	%	$	54,056,343	$	9,679,723		17.9	%

TEXAS	For Years Ended December 31,
	2019							2018
DGSE	Revenues		Gross Profit		Margin			Revenues		Gross Profit		Margin
Jewelry	$	15,443,415	$	3,590,279		23.2	%	$	16,221,840	$	4,526,907		27.9	%
Bullion/Rare Coin		39,036,157		2,572,243		6.6	%		28,424,263		2,855,116		10.0	%
Scrap		7,431,749		1,157,459		15.6	%		5,140,420		907,190		17.6	%
Other		2,724,281		691,799		25.4	%		1,623,357		519,050		32.0	%

Subtotal		64,635,602		8,011,780		12.4	%		51,409,880		8,808,263		17.1	%

Echo Entities
Recycle		4,441,347		2,533,416		57.0	%		-		-		-
Reuse		4,280,934		2,158,698		50.4	%		-		-		-
Refining		3,417,872		546,860		16.0	%		-		-		-
Services		2,364,190		2,099,044		88.8	%		-		-		-

Subtotal		14,504,343		7,338,018		50.6	%		-		-		-

	$	79,139,945	$	15,349,798		19.4	%	$	51,409,880	$	8,808,263		17.1	%

SOUTH CAROLINA	For Years Ended December 31,
	2019							2018
DGSE	Revenues		Gross Profit		Margin			Revenues		Gross Profit		Margin
Jewelry	$	1,763,171	$	701,208		39.8	%	$	1,766,032	$	631,308		35.7	%
Bullion/Rare Coin		653,061		73,291		11.2	%		655,224		96,252		14.7	%
Other		468,320		131,545		28.1	%		225,207		143,900		63.9	%

Subtotal		2,884,552		906,044		31.4	%		2,646,463		871,460		32.9	%

Echo Entities

Subtotal		-		-		-			-		-		-

	$	2,884,552	$	906,044		31.4	%	$	2,646,463	$	871,460		32.9	%

For DGSE, revenue for monetary transactions (i.e., cash and receivables) with dealers and the retail public are recognized when the merchandise is delivered and payment has been made either by immediate payment or through a receivable obligation at one of our over the counter retail stores. We also recognize revenue upon the shipment of goods when retail and wholesale customers have fulfilled their obligation to pay, or promise to pay, through e-commerce or phone sales. We have elected to account for shipping and handling costs as fulfillment costs after the customer obtains control of the goods. Our scrap is sold to a Dallas refiner Elemetal, LLC (“Elemetal”), who was a related party until May 20, 2019. Since Elemetal is located in the Dallas area we deliver the scrap to the refiner. The metal is assayed, price is determined from the assay and payment is made usually within two days. Revenue is recognized from the sale once payment is received.

We also offer a structured layaway plan. When a retail customer utilizes the layaway plan, we collect a minimum payment of 25% of the sales price, establish a payment schedule for the remaining balance and hold the merchandise as collateral as security against the customer’s deposit until all amounts due are paid in full. Revenue for layaway sales is recognized when the merchandise is paid in full and delivered to the retail customer. Layaway revenue is also recognized when a customer fails to pay in accordance with the sales contract and the sales item is returned to inventory with the forfeit of deposited funds, typically after 90 days.

In limited circumstances, we exchange merchandise for similar merchandise and/or monetary consideration with both dealers and retail customers, for which we recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 845, Nonmonetary Transactions. When we exchange merchandise for similar merchandise and there is no monetary component to the exchange, we do not recognize any revenue. Instead, the basis of the merchandise relinquished becomes the basis of the merchandise received, less any indicated impairment of value of the merchandise relinquished. When we exchange merchandise for similar merchandise and there is a monetary component to the exchange, we recognize revenue to the extent of the monetary assets received and determines the cost of sale based on the ratio of monetary assets received to monetary and non-monetary assets received multiplied by the cost of the assets surrendered.

The Company offers the option of third party financing for customers wishing to borrow money for the purchase. The customer applies on-line with the third party and upon going through the credit check will be approved or denied. If accepted, the customer is allowed to purchase according to the limits set by the financing company. We recognize the revenue of the sale upon the promise of the financing company to pay.

We have a return policy (money-back guarantee). The policy covers retail transactions involving jewelry, graded rare coins and currency only. Customers may return jewelry, graded rare coins and currency purchased within 30 days of the receipt of the items for a full refund as long as the items are returned in exactly the same condition as they were delivered. In the case of jewelry, graded rare coins and currency sales on account, customers may cancel the sale within 30 days of making a commitment to purchase the items. The receipt of a deposit and a signed purchase order evidences the commitment. Any customer may return a jewelry item or graded rare coins and currency if they can demonstrate that the item is not authentic, or there was an error in the description of a graded coin or currency piece. Returns are accounted for as a reversal of the original transaction, with the effect of reducing revenues, and cost of sales, and returning the merchandise to inventory. We have established an allowance for estimated returns related to Fiscal 2019 sales, which is based on our review of historical returns experience, and reduces our reported revenues and cost of sales accordingly. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, our allowance for returns remained the same at approximately $28,000 for both years.

The Echo Entities have several revenue streams and recognize revenue according to ASC 606 at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entities expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to the customer. The revenue streams are as follows;

Outright sales are recorded when product is shipped. Once the price is established and the terms are agreed to and the product is shipped, the revenue is recognized. The Echo Entities have fulfilled their performance obligation with an agreed upon transaction price, payment terms and shipping the product.

Echo recognizes refining revenue when our inventory arrives at the destination port and the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the control of the promised goods that are identified in the customer contract. Ninety percent (90%) of our refining revenue is generated from one refining customer, Hanwa American Corp., that has a refining facility in Japan. Hanwa pays us sixty percent (60%) of an Invoice within five working days upon the receipt of the Ocean Bill of Lading issued by the Ocean Carrier. Our initial Invoice is recognized in full when our performance obligation is satisfied, as stated in the first sentence. Under the guidance of ASC 606, an estimate of the variable consideration that we expect to be entitled is included in the transaction price stated at the current precious metal spot price and weight of the precious metal. An adjustment to revenue is made in the period once the underlying weight and any precious metal spot price movement is resolved, which is usually around six (6) weeks. Any adjustment from the resolution of the underlying uncertainty is netted with the remaining forty percent (40%) due from the original contract.

Hard drive sales by the Echo Entities are limited to customers who are required to prepay shipments. Once the commodity price is established and agreed upon by both parties, customers send payment in advance. The Company releases the shipment on the same day when payment receipt is confirmed and revenue is recognized on day of shipment. If payment is received on the last day of the month and shipment goes out the following day the payment received is deferred revenue and recognized the following month when the shipment is made.

The Echo Entities also provide recycling services according to a Scope of Work. Services are recognized based on the number of units processed by a preset price per unit. Activity reports are produced weekly with the counts and revenue is recognized based on the billing from the weekly reports. Recycling services can be conducted at our Echo facility or we can design and perform the recycling service at the client’s facility. The Scope of Work will determine the charges and whether the service will be completed at Echo or at the client’s facility. Payment terms are also dictated in the Scope of Work.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs amounted to $54,381 and $56,434, for 2019 and 2018, respectively. We have determined, starting January 1, 2018, that shipping and handling costs should be included in cost of goods sold since inventory is what is shipped to and from store locations or to and from vendors.

Taxes Collected from Customers

The Company’s policy is to present taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis. The Company records the amounts collected as a current liability and relieves such liability upon remittance to the taxing authority without impacting revenues or expenses.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per common share, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”) is computed by dividing net earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into Common Stock. For the calculation of diluted earnings per share, the basic weighted average number of shares is increased by the dilutive effect of stock options and warrants outstanding determined using the treasury stock method.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation by measuring the cost of the employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments, including grants of stock options, based on the fair value of the award at the date of grant. In addition, to the extent that the Company receives an excess tax benefit upon exercise of an award, such benefit is reflected as cash flow from financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. Stock-based compensation expense for Fiscal 2019 and Fiscal 2018 amounted to $0 and $0 respectively.

The following table represents our total compensation cost related to non-vested awards not yet recognized at year end December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

Number of

Number of shares

shares granted

Unrecognized

granted

Unrecognized

Price of

unvested

expense at

unvested

expense at

Date of grant

Employee

stock at
grant date

December 31, 2019

December 31, 2018

January 23, 2014

Robert Burnside

$2.18

250

545.00

250

545.00

Total cost unrecognized

545.00

Only 250 unexercised stock awards remain unexercised as of December 31, 2019.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Examples of estimates and assumptions include: for revenue recognition, determining the nature and timing of satisfaction of performance obligations, and determining the standalone selling price of performance obligations, variable consideration, and other obligations such as product returns and refunds; loss contingencies; the fair value of and/or potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets for our reporting units; useful lives of our tangible and intangible assets; allowances for doubtful accounts; the market value of, and demand for, our inventory and the potential outcome of uncertain tax positions that have been recognized on our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment for all entities by requiring impairment changes to be based on the first step in today’s two-step impairment test, thus eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test. In addition, the amendment eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform step two of the goodwill impairment test. For public companies, ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We adopted this pronouncement on January 1, 2020.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (ASU 2016-02) using the modified retrospective transition approach by applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. Results and disclosure requirements for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019, are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts have not been adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historical accounting under Topic 840. Upon adoption, we recognized ROU assets of approximately $2.0 million, with corresponding lease liabilities of approximately $2.0 million on the consolidated balance sheets. The ROU assets include adjustments for deferred rent liabilities. The adoption did not impact our beginning retained earnings, or our prior year consolidated statements of income and statements of cash flows.