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Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Significant Accounting Policies |
Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business – Crexendo, Inc. is incorporated in the state of Nevada. As used hereafter in the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements, we refer to Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, as “we,” “us,” or “our Company.” Crexendo, Inc. is an award-winning software technology company that is a premier provider of cloud communication platform software and unified communications as a service (UCaaS) offerings, including voice, video, contact center, and managed IT services tailored to businesses of all sizes. Our cloud communications software solutions currently support over seven million end users globally, through an extensive network of over 235 cloud communication platform software subscribers and our direct retail offering. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Cloud Telecommunications and Software Solutions. Basis of Presentation–The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, which include Allegiant Networks, LLC, Crexendo Business Solutions, Inc., NetSapiens, LLC, Crexendo Business Solutions of Virginia, Inc., NSHC, Inc., NetSapiens Canada, Inc., NetSapiens International Limited and Crexendo International, Inc. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”), consistent in all material respects with those applied in our financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Because these financial statements address interim periods, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. Such interim financial information is unaudited but reflects all adjustments that in the opinion of management are necessary for the fair presentation of the interim periods presented. The results of operations presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2025 or for any future periods. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024. Foreign Currency Translation-The functional currency of our international subsidiaries is the local currency. We translate assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries, whose functional currency is their local currency, at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. We translate revenue and expenses at the monthly average exchange rates. We include accumulated net translation adjustments in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Due to changes in exchange rates between reporting periods and changes in certain account balances, the foreign currency translation adjustment will change from period to period. During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded foreign currency translation gains/(losses) of $(19) and $(14), respectively, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded foreign currency gains/(losses) of $27 and ($14), respectively, on our statements of comprehensive income (loss). Cash and Cash Equivalents–We consider all highly liquid, short-term investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of $28,063 and $17,501, respectively. Trade Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses–Trade receivables from our cloud telecommunications services and software solutions segments are recorded at invoiced amounts. Trade receivables are generally due within 30 days after the invoice date. We provide an allowance for credit losses based on historical loss experience, the age of the receivables, specific troubled accounts and other currently available information. The allowance for credit losses is determined based on an assessment of historical collection experience using the aging schedule method as well as consideration of current and future economic conditions. Trade receivables are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our trade receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and adjust as necessary. Equipment Financing Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses–Equipment financing receivables are comprised of sales-type leases. Sales-type leases are from financing options provided to clients for cloud telecommunications equipment (IP or cloud telephone desktop devices) or software licenses and are generally due in installments over periods ranging from three to five years. We provide an allowance for credit losses based on historical loss experience, adverse situations that may affect a client's ability to pay, current economic conditions and outlook based on reasonable and supportable forecasts. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and adjust as necessary. Equipment financing receivables are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our equipment financing receivable credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients. Contract Assets and Allowance for Credit Losses–Contract assets primarily relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed as of the reporting date. The Company recognizes a contract asset when the Company transfers products or services to a customer and the right to consideration is conditional on something other than the passage of time. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights become unconditional. The allowance for credit losses is determined based on an assessment of historical collection experience using the loss-rate method as well as consideration of current and future economic conditions and changes in our loss-rate trends. We utilize a five-year lookback period to establish our estimate of expected credit losses, as our contractual terms range from three to five years. Contract assets are written off against the allowance after all collection efforts have been exhausted and management deems the account to be uncollectible. We believe that our contract assets credit risk is low because of the geographic and industry diversification of our clients and small account balances for most of our clients. We continually evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses and adjust as necessary. Contract Costs–Contract costs primarily relate to incremental commission costs paid to sales representatives and sales leadership as a result of obtaining software solutions and telecommunication service contracts which are recoverable. The Company capitalized contract costs in the amount of $5,401 and $4,810 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Capitalized commission costs are amortized based on the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate, which typically range from thirty-six to sixty months, and are included in selling and marketing expenses. During the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company amortized $742 and $697, respectively, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company amortized $2,313 and $1,744, respectively, and there was no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized. Inventory–Finished goods telecommunications equipment inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value (first-in, first-out method). In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we regularly evaluate whether inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. If net realizable value is less than cost, the write-down is recognized as a loss in earnings in the period in which the excess occurs. Property and Equipment–Depreciation and amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method in amounts sufficient to allocate the cost of depreciable assets over their estimated useful lives ranging from two to five years. The cost of leasehold improvements is amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the related lease. Depreciable lives by asset group are as follows:
Computer and office equipment | 2 to 5 years
Computer software | 3 years
Internal-use software | 3 years
Furniture and fixtures | 4 years
Leasehold improvements | 2 to 5 years
Vehicles | 5 years
Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment sold or otherwise retired are removed from the accounts and any related gain or loss on disposition is reflected in the statement of operations. Asset Acquisitions–Periodically we acquire customer relationships that we account for as an asset acquisition and record a corresponding intangible asset that is amortized over its estimated useful life. Any excess of the fair value of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities is allocated on a relative fair value basis. No goodwill is recorded in an asset acquisition. If the fair value of the assets acquired exceeds the initial consideration paid as of the date of acquisition but includes a contingent consideration arrangement and ASC 450 and ASC 815 do not apply to contingent consideration, we analogize to the guidance in ASC 323 on recognizing contingent consideration in the acquisition of an equity method investment. The Company recognizes a liability equal to the lesser of, the maximum amount of contingent consideration or the excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired over the initial cost measurement. In accordance with the requirements of ASC 323 for equity method investments, the Company recognizes any excess of the contingent consideration issued or issuable, over the amount that was initially recognized as a liability, as an additional cost of the asset acquisition. If the amount initially recognized as a liability exceeds the contingent consideration issued or issuable, the entity recognizes that amount as a reduction of the cost of the asset acquisition. Business Acquisitions -We account for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. The acquisition method of accounting requires that the purchase price, including the fair value of contingent consideration, of the acquisition be allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using the fair values determined by management as of the acquisition date. Goodwill as of the acquisition date is measured as the excess of consideration transferred over the net of the acquisition date fair values of assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions as part of the purchase price allocation process to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill to the extent the Company identifies adjustments to the preliminary purchase price allocation. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the consolidated statements of operations. We include the results of all acquisitions in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Acquisition-related transaction costs, such as banking, legal, accounting and other costs incurred in connection with an acquisition, are expensed as incurred in general and administrative expenses. Goodwill–We have recorded goodwill related to various business acquisitions. Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. In each of our acquisitions, the objective of the acquisition was to expand our product offerings and customer base and to achieve synergies related to cross selling opportunities, all of which contributed to the recognition of goodwill. We test goodwill for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Items that could reasonably be expected to negatively affect key assumptions used in estimating fair value include but are not limited to: sustained decline in our stock price due to a decline in our financial performance due to the loss of key customers, loss of key personnel, emergence of new technologies or new competitors; and decline in overall market or economic conditions leading to a decline in our stock price. The process of estimating the fair value of goodwill is subjective and requires the Company to make estimates that may significantly impact the outcome of the analysis. A qualitative assessment considers events and circumstances such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors and overall financial performance, as well as company specifications. If after performing this assessment, the Company concludes it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company must perform the quantitative test. Under the quantitative test, a goodwill impairment is identified by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit to the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, goodwill is considered impaired and an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. Impairment assessment inherently involves management judgments regarding a number of assumptions. The reporting unit fair value also depends on the future strength of the U.S. economy. New and developing competition as well as technological change could also adversely affect future fair value estimates. Due to the many variables inherent in the estimation of a reporting unit’s fair value and the relative size of the Company’s recorded goodwill, differences in assumptions could have a material effect on the estimated fair values. For further information, see Note 8 (Intangible Assets and Goodwill). Intangible Assets–Our intangible assets consist of customer relationships, developed technologies, trademarks and trade name. The intangible assets are amortized following the patterns in which the economic benefits are consumed or straight-line over the estimated useful life. We periodically review the estimated useful lives of our intangible assets and review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The determination of impairment is based on estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. If an intangible asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of the impairment will be equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset. Amortizable intangible assets are amortized over the estimated useful lives as follows:
Customer relationships | 6 to 16 years
Developed technologies | 2 to 6 years
Trademark and trade names | 4 years
Capitalized software development costs | 1 year
Contract Liabilities–Our contract liabilities consist primarily of advance consideration received from customers for telecommunications contracts. The product and monthly service revenue is recognized on completion of the implementation and the remaining activation fees are reclassified as contract liabilities. Use of Estimates–In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reported periods. Specific estimates and judgments include valuation of goodwill and intangible assets in connection with business acquisitions and asset acquisitions, allowances for doubtful accounts, uncertainties related to certain income tax benefits, valuation of deferred income tax assets, valuations of share-based payments, annual incentive bonuses accrual, recoverability of long-lived assets and intangible assets, and product warranty liabilities. Management’s estimates are based on historical experience and on our expectations that are believed to be reasonable. The combination of these factors forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from our current estimates and those differences may be material. Contingencies–The Company accrues for claims and contingencies when losses become probable and reasonably estimable. As of the end of each applicable reporting period, the Company reviews each of its matters and, where it is probable that a liability has been or will be incurred, it accrues for all probable and reasonably estimable losses. Where the Company can reasonably estimate a range of losses it may incur regarding such a matter, it records an accrual for the amount within the range that constitutes its best estimate. If the Company can reasonably estimate a range but no amount within the range appears to be a better estimate than any other, it uses the amount that is the low end of such range. Service, Software Solutions and Product Revenue Recognition–Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised services, software solutions or products to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those products or services and excludes any amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which are generally capable of being distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. We recognize revenue for delivered elements only when we determine there are no uncertainties regarding customer acceptance. Changes in the allocation of the sales price between delivered and undelivered elements can impact the timing of revenue recognized but does not change the total revenue recognized on any agreement. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. For more detailed information about revenue, see Note 2. Cost of Service Revenue–Cost of service revenue includes cloud telecommunications services. Cloud telecommunications cost of service revenue primarily consists of fees we pay to third-party telecommunications and broadband Internet providers, costs of other third-party services we resell, personnel and travel expenses related to system implementation, and customer service. Cost of Software Solutions Revenue–Cost of software solutions revenue consists primarily of royalties and other fees paid to third parties whose technology or products are sold as part of the Company’s products, direct costs to manufacture and distribute products, direct costs to provide product support and professional support services, direct costs associated with delivery of the Company’s software offerings, and amortization expense related to developed technology intangible assets. Cost of Product Revenue–Cost of product revenue primarily consists of the costs associated with the purchase of desktop devices and other third-party equipment we purchase for resale. Product Warranty–We provide for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time we recognize revenue. We evaluate our warranty obligations on a product group basis. Our standard product warranty terms generally include post-sales support and repairs or replacement of a product at no additional charge for a specified period of time. We base our estimated warranty obligation upon warranty terms, ongoing product failure rates, and current period product shipments. If actual product failure rates, repair rates or any other post-sales support costs were to differ from our estimates, we would be required to make revisions to the estimated warranty liability. Warranty terms generally last for the duration that the customer has service. Contingent Consideration–Contingent consideration represents deferred business acquisition and asset acquisition consideration to be paid out at some point in the future, typically over a one-year period or less from the acquisition date. Contingent consideration is recorded at the asset acquisition date fair value. Contingent consideration recorded in connection with a business acquisition is reported at fair value each reporting period until the contingency is resolved. Any changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. Contingent consideration recorded in connection with an asset acquisition is not derecognized until the related contingency is resolved and the consideration is paid or becomes payable. If the amount initially recorded as contingent consideration exceeds the amount paid or payable, the Company recognizes that excess amount as a reduction in the cost of the related intangible assets. Research and Development –Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related expenses for the Company’s research and development staff, including salaries, benefits, bonuses and stock-based compensation and the cost of certain third-party contractors. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs related to internally developed software are expensed as research and development expense until technological feasibility has been achieved, after which the costs are capitalized. Fair Value Measurements–The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities was determined based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following: Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including:
| · | Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
| · | Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets;
| · | Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and
| · | Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions. Lease Obligations–We determine if an agreement is a lease at inception. We evaluate the lease terms to determine whether the lease will be accounted for as an operating or finance lease. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, operating lease liabilities, current portion, and operating lease liabilities, net of current portion in our consolidated balance sheets. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We use the implicit rate when readily determinable. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Our lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. A lease that transfers substantially all of the benefits and risks incidental to ownership of property are accounted for as finance leases. At the inception of a finance lease, an asset and finance lease obligation is recorded at an amount equal to the lesser of the present value of the minimum lease payments and the property’s fair market value. Finance lease obligations are classified as either current or long-term based on the due dates of future minimum lease payments, net of interest. Notes Payable–We record notes payable net of any discounts or premiums. Discounts and premiums are amortized as interest expense or income over the life of the note in such a way as to result in a constant rate of interest when applied to the amount outstanding at the beginning of any given period. Income Taxes–We recognize a liability or asset for the deferred tax consequences of all temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Accruals for uncertain tax positions are provided for in accordance with accounting guidance. Accordingly, we may recognize the tax benefits from an uncertain tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Accounting guidance is also provided on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. Variations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could materially impact our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. At December 31, 2024, we determined that it is more likely-than-not that we will not be able to realize our deferred income tax assets in the future. A valuation allowance of $5,417 and $5,417 was recorded against our gross deferred tax asset balance as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Interest and penalties associated with income taxes are classified as income tax expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Share-Based Compensation–For equity-classified awards, compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period based on the computed fair value on the grant date of the award. Equity classified awards include the issuance of stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”). Operating Segments–Accounting guidance establishes standards for the way public business enterprises are to report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires enterprises to report selected information about operating segments in financial reports issued to stockholders. The Company has reorganized into two operating segments, which consist of cloud telecommunications services and software solutions. The software solutions segment includes the results of operation of NetSapiens, LLC, NSHC, Inc., NetSapiens Canada, Inc., and NetSapiens International Limited. The cloud telecommunications segment includes the results of operations of Allegiant Networks, LLC, Crexendo Business Solutions, Inc., Crexendo International, Inc., and Crexendo Business Solutions of Virginia, Inc. We generate 94% of our total revenue from customers within the United States and 6% of our total revenues from customers in other parts of the world. Significant Customers–No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total trade receivables as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements– In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure, to require a public entity to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis and to provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 (Topic 280) on a retrospective basis as of December 31, 2024, adding significant segment expense disclosures for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. For more detailed information about reportable segments, see Note 17. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to enhance the transparency and decision-usefulness of income tax disclosures, particularly in the rate reconciliation table and disclosures about income taxes paid. The ASU’s amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-09 (Topic 740) as of January 1, 2025, the adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our quarterly income tax disclosures in our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements– In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” ASU 2024-03 requires a public business entity (“PBE”) to disclose information in the notes to financial statements about purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and depletion for each income statement line item that contains those expenses. Entities would also have to disclose other specific expenses, gains, or losses that are already required to be disclosed under GAAP in this same disclosure, a qualitative description of the amounts remaining that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, and the total amount of selling expenses, as well as the PBE’s definition of selling expenses. In January 2025, the FASB Issued ASU No. 2025-01, "Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)," which clarified that ASU 2024-03 is effective public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Implementation of ASU 2024-03 may be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The application of this new guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements, as the guidance pertains only to disclosures.

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