Loans

Loan balances as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are summarized in the table below.

Categories of loans include:



(in thousands)	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Commercial loans
Commercial and industrial	$	95,227		$	96,420
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	74,737			73,392
Investor commercial real estate	13,421			12,567
Construction	64,581			60,274
Single tenant lease financing	972,275			995,879
Public finance	627,678			687,094
Healthcare finance	372,266			300,612
Small business lending	67,275			60,279
Total commercial loans	2,287,460			2,286,517
Consumer loans
Residential mortgage	218,730			313,849
Home equity	23,855			24,306
Other consumer	296,605			295,309
Total consumer loans	539,190			633,464
Total commercial and consumer loans	2,826,650			2,919,981
Net deferred loan origination costs and premiums and discounts on purchased loans and other⁽¹⁾	65,443			43,566
Total loans	2,892,093			2,963,547
Allowance for loan losses	(22,857		)	(21,840		)
Net loans	$	2,869,236		$	2,941,707

⁽¹⁾ Includes carrying value adjustments of $44.6 million and $21.4 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, related to interest rate swaps associated with public finance loans.

The risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment are as follows:

Commercial and Industrial: Commercial and industrial loans’ sources of repayment are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Loans are made for working capital, equipment purchases, or other purposes. Most commercial and industrial loans are secured by the assets being financed and may incorporate a personal guarantee. This portfolio segment is generally concentrated in Central Indiana and adjacent markets and the greater Phoenix, Arizona market.

Owner-Occupied Commercial Real Estate: The primary source of repayment is the cash flow from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the borrower, or an affiliate of the borrower, who owns the property. This portfolio segment is generally concentrated in Central Indiana and adjacent markets and the greater Phoenix, Arizona market and its loans are often secured by manufacturing and service facilities, as well as office buildings.

Investor Commercial Real Estate: These loans are underwritten primarily based on the cash flow expected to be generated from the property and are secondarily supported by the value of the real estate. These loans typically incorporate a personal guarantee from the primary sponsor or sponsors. This portfolio segment generally involves larger loan amounts with repayment primarily dependent on the successful leasing and operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Investor commercial real estate loans may be more adversely affected by changing economic conditions in the real estate markets, industry dynamics or the overall health of the local economy where the property is located. The properties securing the Company’s investor commercial real estate portfolio tend to be diverse in terms of property type and are generally located in the state of Indiana or markets immediately adjacent to Indiana. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on property financial performance, collateral value, guarantor strength, economic and industry conditions together with other risk grade criteria. As a general rule, the Company avoids financing special use projects or properties outside of its designated market areas unless other underwriting factors are present to mitigate these additional risks.

Construction: Construction loans are secured by land and related improvements and are made to assist in the construction of new structures, which may include commercial (retail, industrial, office, multi-family) properties or single family residential properties offered for sale by the builder. These loans generally finance a variety of project costs, including land, site preparation, architectural services, construction, closing and soft costs and interim financing needs. The cash flows of builders, while initially predictable, may fluctuate with market conditions, and the value of the collateral securing these loans may be subject to fluctuations based on general economic changes. This portfolio segment is generally concentrated in Central Indiana.

Single Tenant Lease Financing: These loans are made on a nationwide basis to property owners of real estate subject to long-term lease arrangements with single tenant operators. The real estate is typically operated by regionally, nationally or globally branded businesses. The loans are underwritten based on the financial strength of the borrower, characteristics of the real estate, cash flows generated from the lease arrangements and the financial strength of the tenant. Similar to the other loan portfolio segments, management monitors and evaluates these loans based on borrower and tenant financial performance, collateral value, industry trends and other risk grade criteria.

Public Finance: These loans are made to governmental and not-for-profit entities to provide both tax-exempt and taxable loans for a variety of purposes including: short-term cash-flow needs; debt refinancing; economic development; quality of life projects; infrastructure improvements; and equipment financing. The primary sources of repayment for public finance loans include pledged revenue sources including but not limited to: general obligations; property taxes; income taxes; tax increment revenue; utility revenue; gaming revenues; sales tax; and pledged general revenue. Certain loans may also include an additional collateral pledge of mortgaged property or a security interest in financed equipment. Public finance loans have been completed primarily in the Midwest, with plans to continue expanding nationwide.

Healthcare Finance: These loans are made to healthcare providers, primarily dentists, for practice acquisition refinancing that occasionally includes owner-occupied commercial real estate and equipment purchases. The sources of repayment are primarily based on the identified cash flows from operations of the borrower and related entities if the real estate is held in a separate entity and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. This portfolio segment was initially concentrated in the Western United States but has been growing rapidly throughout the rest of the country with the addition of a growing sales force located in Eastern and Midwestern markets.

Small Business Lending: These loans are to small businesses and generally carry a partial guaranty from the U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA"). We generally sell the government guaranteed portion of SBA loans into the secondary market while retaining the non-guaranteed portion of the loan and the servicing rights. Loans in the small business lending portfolio have sources of repayment that are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on any underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Loans may, but do not always, have a collateral shortfall. For SBA loans where the guaranteed portion is retained, the SBA guaranty provides a tertiary source of repayment to the Bank in event of borrower default. Cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Loans are made for a broad array of purposes including, but not limited to, providing operating cash flow, funding ownership changes, and facilitating equipment purchases. This portfolio segment has an emerging geography, with a nationwide focus.

Residential Mortgage: With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-to-4 family residences and are generally owner occupied, the Company typically establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the financial circumstances of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Repayment can also be impacted by changes in residential property values. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers in geographically diverse locations throughout the country.

Home Equity: Home equity loans and lines of credit are typically secured by a subordinate interest in 1-to-4 family residences. The properties securing the home equity portfolio segment are generally geographically diverse as the Company offers these products on a nationwide basis. Repayment of these loans and lines of credit is primarily dependent on the financial circumstances of the borrowers and may be impacted by changes in unemployment levels and property values on residential properties, among other economic conditions in the market.

Other Consumer: These loans primarily consist of consumer loans and credit cards. Consumer loans may be secured by consumer assets such as horse trailers or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans are unsecured, such as small installment loans, home improvement loans and certain lines of credit. Repayment of consumer loans is primarily dependent upon the personal income of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers in geographically diverse locations throughout the country.

Allowance for Loan Losses Methodology

Company policy is designed to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”). The portfolio is segmented by loan type, and the required ALLL for types of performing homogeneous loans which do not have a specific reserve is determined by applying a factor based on average historical losses, adjusted for current economic factors and portfolio trends. Management adds qualitative factors for observable trends, changes in internal practices, changes in delinquencies and impairments, and external factors. Observable factors include changes in the composition and size of portfolios, as well as loan terms or concentration levels. The Company evaluates the impact of internal changes such as management and staff experience levels or modification to loan underwriting processes. Delinquency trends are scrutinized for both volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual, or classified loans, as well as any changes in the value of underlying collateral. Finally, the Company considers the effect of other external factors such as national, regional, and local economic and business conditions, as well as competitive, legal, and regulatory requirements. Loans that are considered to be impaired are evaluated to determine the need for a specific allowance by applying at least one of three methodologies: present value of future cash flows; fair value of collateral less costs to sell; or the loan’s observable market price. All troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) are considered impaired loans. Loans evaluated for impairment are removed from other pools to prevent double-counting. Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 310, Receivables, requires that impaired loans be measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loans’ effective interest rates or the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell and allows existing methods for recognizing interest income.

Provision for Loan Losses

A provision for estimated losses on loans is charged to income based upon management’s evaluation of the potential losses. Such an evaluation, which includes a review of all loans for which full repayment may not be reasonably assured, considers, among other matters, the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, as applicable, economic conditions, loan loss experience, and other factors that are particularly susceptible to changes that could result in a material adjustment in the near term. While management attempts to use the best information available in making its evaluations, future allowance adjustments may be necessary if economic conditions change substantially from the assumptions used in making the evaluations.

Policy for Charging Off Loans

The Company’s policy is to charge off a loan at any point in time when it no longer can be considered a bankable asset, meaning collectible within the parameters of policy. A secured loan is generally charged down to the estimated fair value of the collateral, less costs to sell, no later than when it is 120 days past due as to principal or interest. An unsecured loan generally is charged off no later than when it is 180 days past due as to principal or interest. A home improvement loan generally is charged off no later than when it is 90 days past due as to principal or interest.

The following tables present changes in the balance of the ALLL during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.



(in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Allowance for loan losses:	Balance, Beginning of Period		Provision (Credit) Charged to Expense			Losses Charged Off			Recoveries		Balance, End of Period
Commercial and industrial	$	1,521	$	346		$	(197	)	$	—	$	1,670
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	561		84			—			—		645
Investor commercial real estate	109		19			—			—		128
Construction	380		80			—			—		460
Single tenant lease financing	11,175		(420		)	—			—		10,755
Public finance	1,580		(97		)	—			—		1,483
Healthcare finance	3,247		1,071			—			—		4,318
Small business lending	54		203			—			8		265
Residential mortgage	657		(143		)	(15		)	1		500
Home equity	46		5			—			2		53
Other consumer	2,510		313			(286		)	43		2,580
Total	$	21,840	$	1,461		$	(498	)	$	54	$	22,857



(in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Allowance for loan losses:	Balance, Beginning of Period		Provision (Credit) Charged to Expense			Losses Charged Off			Recoveries		Balance, End of Period
Commercial and industrial	$	1,384	$	79		$	(112	)	$	—	$	1,351
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	783		(38		)	—			—		745
Investor commercial real estate	61		42			—			—		103
Construction	251		16			—			—		267
Single tenant lease financing	8,827		541			—			—		9,368
Public finance	1,670		(20		)	—			—		1,650
Healthcare finance	1,264		467			—			—		1,731
Small business lending	203		(8		)	—			—		195
Residential mortgage	1,079		(36		)	—			1		1,044
Home equity	53		(6		)	—			2		49
Other consumer	2,321		248			(317		)	86		2,338
Total	$	17,896	$	1,285		$	(429	)	$	89	$	18,841

The following tables present the recorded investment in loans based on portfolio segment and impairment method as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.



(in thousands)	Loans						Allowance for Loan Losses
March 31, 2020	Ending Balance: Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Ending Balance: Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Ending Balance		Ending Balance: Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Ending Balance: Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Ending Balance
Commercial and industrial	$	94,329	$	898	$	95,227	$	1,561	$	109	$	1,670
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	74,142		595		74,737		645		—		645
Investor commercial real estate	13,421		—		13,421		128		—		128
Construction	64,581		—		64,581		460		—		460
Single tenant lease financing	967,595		4,680		972,275		9,095		1,660		10,755
Public finance	627,678		—		627,678		1,483		—		1,483
Healthcare finance	372,266		—		372,266		4,318		—		4,318
Small business lending	63,948		3,327		67,275		265				265
Residential mortgage	217,370		1,360		218,730		500		—		500
Home equity	23,855		—		23,855		53		—		53
Other consumer	296,557		48		296,605		2,580		—		2,580
Total	$	2,815,742	$	10,908	$	2,826,650	$	21,088	$	1,769	$	22,857



(in thousands)	Loans						Allowance for Loan Losses
December 31, 2019	Ending Balance: Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Ending Balance: Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Ending Balance		Ending Balance: Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Ending Balance: Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Ending Balance
Commercial and industrial	$	93,520	$	2,900	$	96,420	$	1,412	$	109	$	1,521
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	71,067		2,325		73,392		561		—		561
Investor commercial real estate	12,567		—		12,567		109		—		109
Construction	60,274		—		60,274		380		—		380
Single tenant lease financing	991,199		4,680		995,879		9,515		1,660		11,175
Public finance	687,094		—		687,094		1,580		—		1,580
Healthcare finance	300,612		—		300,612		3,247		—		3,247
Small business lending	56,941		3,338		60,279		54				54
Residential mortgage	312,714		1,135		313,849		657		—		657
Home equity	24,306		—		24,306		46		—		46
Other consumer	295,266		43		295,309		2,510		—		2,510
Total	$	2,905,560	$	14,421	$	2,919,981	$	20,071	$	1,769	$	21,840

The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its commercial loans. A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades is as follows:


•	“Pass” - Higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below.


•	“Special Mention” - Loans that possess some credit deficiency or potential weakness, which deserve close attention.


•	“Substandard” - Loans that possess a defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Loans characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans that are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any.

•

“Doubtful” - Such loans have been placed on nonaccrual status and may be heavily dependent upon collateral possessing a value that is difficult to determine or based upon some near-term event that lacks clear certainty. These loans have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard; however, based on existing conditions, these weaknesses make full collection of the principal balance highly improbable.


•	“Loss” - Loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry them as assets is not warranted.

Nonaccrual Loans

Any loan which becomes 90 days delinquent or for which the full collection of principal and interest may be in doubt will be considered for nonaccrual status. At the time a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all accrued but unpaid interest will be reversed from interest income. Placing the loan on nonaccrual status does not relieve the borrower of the obligation to repay interest. A loan placed on nonaccrual status may be restored to accrual status when all delinquent principal and interest has been brought current, and the Company expects full payment of the remaining contractual principal and interest.

The following tables present the credit risk profile of the Company’s commercial and consumer loan portfolios based on rating category and payment activity as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.



	March 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	91,028	$	3,301	$	898	$	95,227
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	74,142		—		595		74,737
Investor commercial real estate	13,421		—		—		13,421
Construction	64,581		—		—		64,581
Single tenant lease financing	959,161		8,434		4,680		972,275
Public finance	627,678		—		—		627,678
Healthcare finance	371,203		1,063		—		372,266
Small business lending	62,226		1,722		3,327		67,275
Total commercial loans	$	2,263,440	$	14,520	$	9,500	$	2,287,460



	March 31, 2020
(in thousands)	Performing		Nonaccrual		Total
Residential mortgage	$	217,739	$	991	$	218,730
Home equity	23,855		—		23,855
Other consumer	296,566		39		296,605
Total consumer loans	$	538,160	$	1,030	$	539,190



	December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	89,818	$	3,973	$	2,629	$	96,420
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	71,068		1,727		597		73,392
Investor commercial real estate	12,567		—		—		12,567
Construction	60,274		—		—		60,274
Single tenant lease financing	983,448		7,751		4,680		995,879
Public finance	687,094		—		—		687,094
Healthcare finance	300,612		—		—		300,612
Small business lending	55,206		1,735		3,338		60,279
Total commercial loans	$	2,260,087	$	15,186	$	11,244	$	2,286,517



	December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Performing		Nonaccrual		Total
Residential mortgage	$	313,088	$	761	$	313,849
Home equity	24,306		—		24,306
Other consumer	295,276		33		295,309
Total consumer loans	$	632,670	$	794	$	633,464

The following tables present the Company’s loan portfolio delinquency analysis as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.



	March 31, 2020
(in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Non- accrual Loans		Total Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	285	$	285	$	94,942	$	95,227	$	218	$	73
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	—		—		464		464		74,273		74,737		464		—
Investor commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		13,421		13,421		—		—
Construction	—		—		—		—		64,581		64,581		—		—
Single tenant lease financing	—		—		4,680		4,680		967,595		972,275		4,680		—
Public finance	—		—		—		—		627,678		627,678		—		—
Healthcare finance	—		—		—		—		372,266		372,266		—		—
Small business lending	676		43		926		1,645		65,630		67,275		926		—
Residential mortgage	870		—		1,042		1,912		216,818		218,730		991		51
Home equity	—		—		—		—		23,855		23,855		—		—
Other consumer	95		149		1		245		296,360		296,605		39		1
Total	$	1,641	$	192	$	7,398	$	9,231	$	2,817,419	$	2,826,650	$	7,318	$	125



	December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Non- accrual Loans		Total Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Commercial and industrial	$	15	$	96	$	122	$	233	$	96,187	$	96,420	$	226	$	—
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	—		—		464		464		72,928		73,392		464		—
Investor commercial real estate	—		—		—		—		12,567		12,567		—		—
Construction	—		—		—		—		60,274		60,274		—		—
Single tenant lease financing	—		4,680		—		4,680		991,199		995,879		4,680		—
Public finance	—		—		—		—		687,094		687,094		—		—
Healthcare finance	—		—		—		—		300,612		300,612		—		—
Small business lending	54				—		54		60,225		60,279		—		—
Residential mortgage	—		—		1,177		1,177		312,672		313,849		761		416
Home equity	—		—		—		—		24,306		24,306		—		—
Other consumer	240		107		—		347		294,962		295,309		33		—
Total	$	309	$	4,883	$	1,763	$	6,955	$	2,913,026	$	2,919,981	$	6,164	$	416

Impaired Loans

A loan is designated as impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance, when, based on current information or events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due (principal and interest) according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Payments with delays generally not exceeding 90 days outstanding are not considered impaired. Certain nonaccrual and substantially all delinquent loans more than 90 days past due may be considered to be impaired. Generally, loans are placed on nonaccrual status at 90 days past due and accrued interest is reversed against earnings, unless the loan is well-secured and in the process of collection. The accrual of interest on impaired and nonaccrual loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due.

Impaired loans include nonperforming loans as well as loans modified in TDRs where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions intended to maximize collection.

ASC Topic 310, Receivables, requires that impaired loans be measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loans’ effective interest rates or the fair value of the underlying collateral, less costs to sell, and allows existing methods for recognizing interest income.

The following table presents the Company’s impaired loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.



	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Recorded Balance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Specific Allowance		Recorded Balance		Unpaid Principal Balance		Specific Allowance
Loans without a specific valuation allowance
Commercial and industrial	$	695	$	697	$	—	$	2,693	$	2,694	$	—
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	595		598		—		2,325		2,327		—
Small business lending	3,327		3,327		—		3,338		3,338		—
Residential mortgage	1,360		1,450		—		1,135		1,209		—
Other consumer	48		116		—		43		107		—
Total	6,025		6,188		—		9,534		9,675		—
Loans with a specific valuation allowance
Commercial and industrial	203		240		109		207		244		109
Single tenant lease financing	4,680		4,680		1,660		4,680		4,680		1,660
Total	4,883		4,920		1,769		4,887		4,924		1,769
Total impaired loans	$	10,908	$	11,108	$	1,769	$	14,421	$	14,599	$	1,769

The table below presents average balances and interest income recognized for impaired loans during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.



	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2020				March 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest Income		Average Balance		Interest Income
Loans without a specific valuation allowance
Commercial and industrial	$	2,066	$	18	$	4,699	$	81
Owner-occupied commercial real estate	1,890		2		1,253		13
Small business lending	3,332		—		952		14
Residential mortgage	1,274		—		2,054		—
Home equity	—		—		41		—
Other consumer	45		—		76		—
Total	8,607		20		9,075		108
Loans with a specific valuation allowance
Commercial and industrial	204		—		—		—
Single tenant lease financing	4,680		—		—		—
Total	4,884		—		—		—
Total impaired loans	$	13,491	$	20	$	9,075	$	108

The Company had no residential mortgage other real estate owned as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. There were no loans in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The loan portfolio includes TDRs, which are loans that have been modified to grant economic concessions to borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from loss mitigation efforts and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructuring and typically are returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally not less than six consecutive months.

When loans are modified in a TDR, any possible impairment similar to other impaired loans is evaluated based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan agreement, or using the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs, for collateral dependent loans. If it is determined that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded balance of the loan, impairment is recognized through a specific allowance or charge-off to the allowance. In periods subsequent to modification, all TDRs, including those that have payment defaults, are evaluated for possible impairment, and impairment is recognized through the allowance.

In the course of working with troubled borrowers, the Company may choose to restructure the contractual terms of certain loans in an effort to work out an alternative payment schedule with the borrower in order to optimize the collectability of the loan. Any loan modification is reviewed by the Company to identify whether a TDR has occurred when the Company grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider based on economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties. Terms may be modified to fit the ability of the borrower to repay in line with its current financial status or the loan may be restructured to secure additional collateral and/or guarantees to support the debt, or a combination of the two.

There were no commercial and industrial loans classified as new TDRs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. There were no performing TDRs that had payment defaults within the twelve months following modification during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Non-TDR Loan Modifications due to COVID-19

The “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus” was issued by our banking regulators on March 22, 2020. This guidance encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations due to the effects of COVID-19.

Additionally, Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) further provides that loan modifications due to the impact of COVID-19 that would otherwise be classified as TDRs under GAAP will not be so classified. Modifications within the scope of this relief are in effect from the period beginning March 1, 2020 until the earlier of December 31, 2020 or 60 days after the date on which the national emergency related to the COVID-19 pandemic formally terminates.

In accordance with this guidance, the Company offered modifications to borrowers who were both impacted by COVID-19 and current on all principal and interest payments. The modifications completed in the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted of only loans in the healthcare finance portfolio with total balances of $233.5 million.