
	December 31, 2025
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses
Securities available-for-sale
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies	$	64,298	$	480	$	(1,014)	$	63,764
Municipal securities	64,777		17		(1,408)		63,386
Agency mortgage-backed securities - residential1	409,718		841		(21,102)		389,457
Agency mortgage-backed securities - commercial	59,112		202		(837)		58,477
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential	124,264		234		(825)		123,673
Asset-backed securities	42,492		100		(39)		42,553
Corporate securities	37,761		346		(730)		37,377

Total available-for-sale	$	802,422	$	2,220	$	(25,955)	$	778,687


	December 31, 2025
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value		Allowance for Credit Losses		Net Carrying Value
			Gains		Losses
Securities held-to-maturity
Municipal securities	$	11,009	$	1	$	(459)	$	10,551	$	(3)	$	11,006
Agency mortgage-backed securities - residential	213,530		1,834		(11,649)		203,715		—		213,530
Agency mortgage-backed securities - commercial	5,635		—		(915)		4,720		—		5,635
Corporate securities	20,536		—		(707)		19,829		(98)		20,438
Total held-to-maturity	$	250,710	$	1,835	$	(13,730)	$	238,815	$	(101)	$	250,609


	December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses
Securities available-for-sale
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies	$	83,811	$	487	$	(1,482)	$	82,816
Municipal securities	67,441		—		(3,787)		63,654
Agency mortgage-backed securities - residential1	300,914		460		(31,733)		269,641
Agency mortgage-backed securities - commercial	64,214		276		(1,159)		63,331
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential	46,623		186		(988)		45,821
Asset-backed securities	23,802		62		(43)		23,821
Corporate securities	40,049		71		(1,849)		38,271

Total available-for-sale	$	626,854	$	1,542	$	(41,041)	$	587,355


	December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value		Allowance for Credit Losses		Net Carrying Value
			Gains		Losses
Securities held-to-maturity
Municipal securities	$	12,846	$	—	$	(921)	$	11,925	$	(3)	$	12,843
Agency mortgage-backed securities - residential	201,840		102		(17,530)		184,412		—		201,840
Agency mortgage-backed securities - commercial	5,705		—		(1,157)		4,548		—		5,705
Corporate securities	29,559		—		(1,593)		27,966		(151)		29,408
Total held-to-maturity	$	249,950	$	102	$	(21,201)	$	228,851	$	(154)	$	249,796

Accrued interest receivable on AFS and HTM securities at December 31, 2025 was $3.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively, compared to $2.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively, at December 31, 2024, and is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company elected to exclude all accrued interest receivable from securities when estimating credit losses.

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, over 84% and 92%, respectively, of mortgage-backed securities (including both AFS and HTM) held by the Company are issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government and have a long history of no credit losses and it is expected that the securities will not be settled at prices less than the amortized cost bases of the securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. government; therefore, the Company did not record an ACL on these securities.

Additionally, the Company evaluated credit impairment for individual AFS securities that are in an unrealized loss position and determined that the unrealized losses are unrelated to credit quality and are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and volatility in the financial markets. As the Company does not intend to sell the AFS securities that are in an unrealized loss position, and it is unlikely that it will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, the Company did not record an ACL on these securities.

The Company also evaluated its HTM securities that are in an unrealized loss position and considered issuer bond ratings, historical loss rates for bond ratings and economic forecasts. The ACL on HTM securities at December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

The carrying value of securities at December 31, 2025 is shown below by their contractual maturity date. Actual maturities will differ because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


	Available-for-Sale
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	1,336	$	1,336
One to five years	27,784		27,222
Five to ten years	75,741		75,504
After ten years	61,975		60,465
	166,836		164,527
Agency mortgage-backed securities - residential	409,718		389,457
Agency mortgage-backed securities - commercial	59,112		58,477
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential	124,264		123,673
Asset-backed securities	42,492		42,553

Total	$	802,422	$	778,687


	Held-to-Maturity
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	935	$	931
One to five years	17,059		16,901
Five to ten years	10,514		9,779
After ten years	3,037		2,769
	31,545		30,380
Agency mortgage-backed securities - residential	213,530		203,715
Agency mortgage-backed securities - commercial	5,635		4,720
Total	$	250,710	$	238,815

There were no gross realized gains or losses resulting from the sale of AFS securities recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2025, the fair value of securities pledged as collateral was $986.7 million. The Company pledged these securities to both the FHLB and the Fed Discount Window to increase the Company’s borrowing capacity and provide collateral for existing FHLB advances.

Certain investments in debt securities are reported in the consolidated financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost. The total fair value of these investments at December 31, 2025 and 2024 was $611.2 million and $603.9 million, which is approximately 59% and 72%, respectively, of the Company’s AFS and HTM securities portfolios. As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s securities portfolio consisted of 618 positions, of which 395 were in an unrealized loss position. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s security portfolio consisted of 579 positions, of which 482 were in an unrealized loss position. The unrealized losses are related to the categories noted below.

The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in securities issued by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies, municipal organizations and corporate entities were caused primarily by interest rate changes. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the investments. The Company does not intend to sell the investments, and it is not likely that the Company will be required to sell the investments, before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity.

The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in agency mortgage-backed securities, private label mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities were caused primarily by interest rate changes. The Company expects to recover the amortized cost basis over the terms of the securities. The Company does not intend to sell the investments, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments, before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity.

The following tables show the securities portfolio’s gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2025 and 2024:


	December 31, 2025
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Securities available-for-sale
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies	$	3,600	$	(20)	$	33,849	$	(994)	$	37,449	$	(1,014)
Municipal securities	2,301		—		42,515		(1,408)		44,816		(1,408)
Agency mortgage-backed securities - residential	67,177		(190)		186,453		(20,912)		253,630		(21,102)
Agency mortgage-backed securities - commercial	2,981		(22)		25,915		(815)		28,896		(837)
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential	75,924		(191)		6,533		(634)		82,457		(825)
Asset-backed securities	21,413		(39)		—		—		21,413		(39)
Corporate securities	3,698		(52)		14,322		(678)		18,020		(730)

Total	$	177,094	$	(514)	$	309,587	$	(25,441)	$	486,681	$	(25,955)


	December 31, 2024
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Securities available-for-sale
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies	$	16,856	$	(111)	$	29,748	$	(1,371)	$	46,604	$	(1,482)
Municipals	8,504		(54)		52,649		(3,733)		61,153		(3,787)
Agency mortgage-backed securities - residential	41,005		(179)		169,483		(31,554)		210,488		(31,733)
Agency mortgage-backed securities - commercial	18,141		(37)		12,027		(1,122)		30,168		(1,159)
Private label mortgage-backed securities - residential	3,003		(14)		7,450		(974)		10,453		(988)
Asset-backed securities	10,299		(43)		—		—		10,299		(43)
Corporate securities	2,994		(6)		27,179		(1,843)		30,173		(1,849)

Total	$	100,802	$	(444)	$	298,536	$	(40,597)	$	399,338	$	(41,041)


	December 31, 2025
	Held-to-Maturity
	Municipal Securities		Mortgage-Backed Securities - Residential		Mortgage-Backed Securities - Commercial		Corporate Securities		Total
AAA equivalent - agency	$	—	$	213,530	$	5,635	$	—	$	219,165
Aa1/AA+	7,046		—		—		—		7,046
Aa2/AA	2,170		—		—		—		2,170
Aa3/AA-	1,793		—		—		—		1,793
A2/A	—		—		—		—		—
A3/A-	—		—		—		5,000		5,000
Baa1/BBB+	—		—		—		5,000		5,000
Baa2/BBB	—		—		—		4,000		4,000
Baa3/BBB-	—		—		—		4,536		4,536
Ba1/BB+	—		—		—		2,000		2,000

Total	$	11,009	$	213,530	$	5,635	$	20,536	$	250,710


	December 31, 2024
	Held-to-Maturity
	Municipal Securities		Mortgage-Backed Securities - Residential		Mortgage-Backed Securities - Commercial		Corporate Securities		Total
AAA equivalent - agency	$	—	$	201,840	$	5,705	$	—	$	207,545
Aa1/AA+	8,878		—		—		—		8,878
Aa2/AA	2,175		—		—		—		2,175
Aa3/AA-	1,793		—		—		—		1,793
A2/A	—		—		—		5,000		5,000
A3/A-	—		—		—		—		—
Baa1/BBB+	—		—		—		8,500		8,500
Baa2/BBB	—		—		—		5,500		5,500
Baa3/BBB-	—		—		—		8,559		8,559
Ba1/BB+	—		—		—		2,000		2,000

Total	$	12,846	$	201,840	$	5,705	$	29,559	$	249,950

There were no amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the consolidated statements of operations during the twelve months ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

Equity investments, largely comprised of non-marketable equity investments, are generally accounted for under equity security accounting and are included within accrued income and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. The Company’s non-marketable equity investments consist of limited partner interests in venture capital and Small Business Investment Company (“SBIC”) funds. After the initial commitment and over the course of the investment period, the Company will make capital contributions and receive a proportional share of profit and return of capital distributions as a result of fund performance until the funds wind down. While the partnership agreements allow the Company to remove the general partner, this right is not considered to be substantive as the general partner can only be removed for cause. All of these investments are generally non-redeemable and distributions are generally expected to

be received through the liquidation of the underlying investments throughout the life of the investment fund. Investments may only be sold or transferred subject to the notice and approval provisions of the underlying investment agreements.

The carrying amount of the Company’s investments in non-marketable equity securities with no readily determinable fair value and amounts recognized in earnings on a cumulative basis for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 is reflected in the following table:


	2025		2024
Carrying value1	$	38,611	$	20,017
Carrying value adjustments	—		—
Impairment	—		—
Upward changes for observable prices	—		—
Downward changes for observable prices	—		—
Net change	$	38,611	$	20,017

The above investments meet the criteria of a VIE. However, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of the entities as it does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entities. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss from unconsolidated VIEs includes the value of the investment recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and unfunded commitment. The Company believes the potential for loss from these investments is remote, the maximum exposure for the affordable housing investment was determined by assuming a scenario where related tax credits were recaptured.


	December 31, 2025
	Carrying Amount		Maximum Exposure to Loss		Liability Recognized		Classification
Private equity and venture capital funds	$	13,685	$	20,208	$	—	Other assets (1)
Hedge funds	2,876		2,876		—		Other assets (2)
SBIC	7,292		13,000		—		Other assets (3)
Affordable housing	7,634		12,519		—		Other assets (4)
Non-marketable and other equity investments	10,000		10,000		—		Other assets (5)


	December 31, 2024
	Carrying Amount		Maximum Exposure to Loss		Liability Recognized		Classification
Private equity and venture capital funds	$	10,811	$	20,057	$	—	Other assets (6)
Hedge funds	2,724		2,724		—		Other assets (7)
SBIC	4,931		8,000		—		Other assets (8)
Affordable housing	5,073		11,519		—		Other assets (9)
Non-marketable and other equity investments	5,000		5,000		—		Other assets (10)

(4) Maximum exposure to loss includes $7.6 million of current investments, $2.4 million in unfunded commitments and a scenario in which related tax credits of $2.5 million are recaptured, totaling $12.5 million.

(9) Maximum exposure to loss includes $5.1 million of current investments, $4.9 million in unfunded commitments and a scenario in which related tax credits of $1.5 million are recaptured, totaling $11.5 million.