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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Refer to Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our 2025 Form 10-K for the full list of our significant accounting policies. Business Combinations. We account for business combinations under the Business Combinations Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC 805"), which requires identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be recognized at their acquisition date fair values. See Note 4 for further discussion of the Antero acquisition. Midstream operations and maintenance expense. Midstream operations and maintenance expense consists primarily of costs incurred to operate and maintain the Company’s owned gathering, compression, and related midstream infrastructure, including labor, power, repairs and maintenance, and insurance. These costs exclude third‑party gathering, processing, and transportation fees, which are presented separately within gathering, processing, and transportation expense. Series A Preferred Stock. The Company accounts for its Series A Preferred Stock (as defined herein) in accordance with the applicable guidance in ASC 480 and SEC guidance for redeemable equity instruments. The Series A Preferred Stock is classified as mezzanine equity because it is redeemable upon the occurrence of events that are not solely within the Company’s control. All financial instruments are evaluated for embedded derivative features by analyzing each feature against the nature of the host instrument (e.g., more equity-like or debt-like). Features identified as freestanding instruments or bifurcated embedded derivatives that are material are recognized separately as a derivative asset or liability. The Series A Preferred Stock is initially recorded at the net proceeds received, net of directly attributable issuance costs. The carrying amount of the Series A Preferred Stock is not adjusted to redemption value unless the instrument becomes redeemable or probable of becoming redeemable. If redemption becomes probable, the Company will accrete the carrying amount to redemption value using the interest method over the period to the earliest redemption date. Accretion to redemption value (when applicable) and cumulative dividends, including PIK dividends, are treated as deemed dividends and reduce income available to holders of the Company's Class A common stock in the calculation of earnings per share. Accretion to redemption value (when applicable) and cumulative dividends, including PIK dividends, are treated as deemed dividends and reduce income available to holders of the Company's Class A common stock in the calculation of earnings per share. In April 2026, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2026‑01, Initial Measurement of Paid‑in‑Kind Dividends on Equity‑Classified Preferred Stock. The ASU requires paid‑in‑kind (“PIK”) dividends on equity‑classified preferred stock to be measured using the stated PIK dividend rate applied to the liquidation preference of the preferred stock, thereby reducing diversity in practice related to the measurement of such dividends. The Company early adopted ASU 2026‑01 during the three months ended March 31, 2026 using a prospective transition method. Upon adoption, the Company measures PIK dividends based on the stated dividend rate applied to the liquidation preference of its Series A Preferred Stock. The adoption of this guidance impacted the measurement of PIK dividends and the amount of income (loss) available to common stockholders used in the calculation of earnings (loss) per share. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis, using historical experience, consultation with experts and other methods it considers reasonable in the particular circumstances. Actual amounts could differ from these estimates, and changes in these estimates are recorded when known. Estimates significant to our consolidated financial statements include the following: •proved reserves used in calculating depletion; •estimates of accrued revenues and unbilled costs; •future cash flows from proved oil and natural gas reserves used in the impairment assessment; •derivative financial instruments; •asset retirement obligations; •the fair value of share-based compensation awards; •estimates related to the TRA (as defined herein); and •determining fair value and allocating purchase price in connection with business combinations and asset acquisitions. Redeemable Non-controlling Interest. Redeemable non-controlling interests are presented within our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2026 as mezzanine equity as they are redeemable upon the occurrence of an event that is not solely within our control. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest is equal to the greater of (1) the carrying value of the non-controlling interest adjusted each reporting period for income or loss attributable to the non-controlling interest or (2) the redemption value. Remeasurements to the redemption value of the redeemable non-controlling interest are recognized in additional paid-in capital within the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2026. The redemption amount is calculated based on the 5-day volume-weighted average closing price of Class A common stock at the end of each reporting period. The portion of the net income or loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest is reported as net income or loss attributable to redeemable non- controlling interests on our unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026. Income Taxes. The Company is subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income taxes on its share of taxable income earned through its interest in INR Holdings, which is treated as a pass-through entity for income tax purposes. INR Holdings itself is generally not subject to federal income tax, and instead, its income or loss is allocated to its members. INR Holdings may be subject to certain entity-level taxes imposed by specific states or jurisdictions. The Company uses the liability method to account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax amounts are calculated using the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Deferred tax assets are recorded when it is considered more likely than not that they will be realized. The Company evaluates the need for a valuation allowance by considering all available evidence, including projections of future taxable income, the timing of temporary difference reversals, the existence of tax planning strategies and historical operating results. The Company evaluates uncertain tax positions using a recognition and measurement approach. A tax position is recognized in the financial statements only if it is more likely than not that the position would be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authority. The amount recognized is based on the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. Interest and penalties, if incurred, are recorded in income tax expense. Tax Receivable Agreement. The Company entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement (“TRA”) with the owners of INR Holdings prior to the IPO (“Legacy Owners”), which generally provides for the payment by us to the Legacy Owners of 85% of the net cash savings, if any, in U.S. federal, state and local income tax that we (a) actually realize with respect to taxable periods ending after the IPO or (b) are deemed to realize in the event of a change of control (as defined under the TRA, which includes certain mergers, asset sales and other forms of business combinations and certain changes to the composition of our board of directors) or the TRA terminates early (at our election or as a result of our breach) with respect to any taxable periods ending on or after such change of control or early termination event, in each case, as a result of (i) the tax basis increases resulting from the exchange of common units representing limited liability company interests in INR Holdings (“INR Units”) and the corresponding surrender of an equivalent number of shares of the Company's Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class B common stock”) by the Legacy Owners for a number of shares of Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis or, at our option, the receipt of an equivalent amount of cash pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of INR Holdings (the “INR Holdings LLC Agreement”) and (ii) deductions arising from imputed interest deemed to be paid by us as a result of, and additional tax basis arising from, any payments we make under the TRA. The Company recognizes a liability for the estimated amounts payable under the TRA when it is probable that taxable income will be sufficient to realize the related tax benefits and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. The liability is measured using a “with and without” approach and is reassessed at each reporting period, with changes in estimates recognized in income tax expense. See Note 10 – Income Taxes and Tax Receivable Agreement for further details. Earnings per Share. Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to Class A common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding during the period. Net income attributable to Class A common stock is reduced by dividends on the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock, including dividends paid in kind, whether or not declared. Diluted net (loss) earnings per share gives effect, when applicable, to unvested restricted stock units and performance stock units granted under the Plan (as defined in Note 13 – Share-based Compensation), the exchange of INR Units (and the cancellation of an equal number of shares of Class B common stock) held by the Legacy Owners into Class A common stock and the assumed conversion of the Company's Series A Preferred Stock. The Company uses the “if-converted” method to determine the potential dilutive effect of exchanges of INR Units (and the cancellation of an equal number of shares of Class B common stock), and the treasury stock method to determine the potential dilutive effect of vesting of outstanding equity awards. Share-based Compensation. The Company accounts for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). Share-based awards, including restricted stock units and performance stock units, are measured at their grant-date fair value and recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which generally corresponds to the vesting period of the award. For restricted stock units (“RSUs”), fair value is determined based on the closing stock price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the grant date. RSUs represent awards that entitle the holder to receive shares of the Company’s Class A common stock upon vesting, subject to satisfaction of applicable service conditions. For performance stock units with market-based vesting conditions, fair value is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model and is not subsequently remeasured. Compensation expense for market-based awards is recognized regardless of whether the market condition is ultimately satisfied, provided the requisite service condition is met. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Recently Issued Accounting Standards Accounting Standards Recently Adopted. In April 2026, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2026‑01, Initial Measurement of Paid‑in‑Kind Dividends on Equity‑Classified Preferred Stock. The ASU provides guidance on the initial measurement of paid‑in‑kind (“PIK”) dividends on equity‑classified preferred stock by requiring such dividends to be measured based on the stated dividend rate applied to the liquidation preference of the preferred stock. The guidance is intended to reduce diversity in practice related to the measurement of PIK dividends. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2026‑01 during the three months ended March 31, 2026 using a prospective transition method. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted. In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements, to clarify the scope and presentation requirements for interim GAAP financial statements and to consolidate interim disclosure requirements. Under this ASU, entities must disclose material events or changes occurring after year end that affect interim periods. The amendments in this ASU are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is evaluating the impact ASU 2025-11 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 - Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). This ASU requires entities to disaggregate any relevant expense caption presented on the face of the income statement within continuing operations into the following required natural expense categories within the footnotes, as applicable: (1) purchases of inventory, (2) employee compensation, (3) depreciation, (4) intangible asset amortization, and (5) DD&A recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities or other depletion expenses. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance.

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