EX-99.2 3 ex99-2.htm

Exhibit 99.2

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 1 |

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

The following is management’s discussion and analysis (MD&A) of Kolibri Global Energy Inc.’s (“KEI” or the “Company”) operating and financial results for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the prior year, as well as information and expectations concerning the Company’s outlook based on currently available information. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Unless otherwise noted, all financial data has been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and International Accounting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and Interpretations (collectively “IFRS Accounting Standards”). The reporting and measurement currency is the United States dollar. Additional information relating to KEI including its Annual Information Form is filed on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca on the Company’s website at www.kolibrienergy.com.

Netback from operations, netback including commodity contracts, net operating income and adjusted EBITDA (collectively, the “Company’s Non-GAAP Measures”) are not measures or ratios recognized under IFRS and do not have any standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS. Management of the Company believes that such measures and ratios are relevant for evaluating returns on each of the Company’s projects as well as the performance of the enterprise as a whole. The Company’s Non-GAAP Measures may differ from similar computations as reported by other similar organizations and, accordingly, may not be comparable to similar non-GAAP measures and ratios as reported by such organizations. The Company’s Non-GAAP Measures should not be construed as alternatives to net income, cash flows from operating activities, working capital or other financial measures and ratios determined in accordance with IFRS, as an indicator of the Company’s performance.

This report is prepared as of March 25, 2025. Please read carefully the important cautionary notes regarding technical information, forward-looking statements and other matters set out in this report.

Currency

The Company’s reporting currency for financial reporting purposes is U.S. dollars. All dollar amounts set forth in this report are expressed in United States dollars, except where otherwise indicated. The following table sets forth, for each of the years indicated, the high and low exchange rates, the average exchange rate and the year-end exchange rate of one United States dollar in exchange for Canadian dollars as reported by Bloomberg.

|  | Year ended December 31 |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
High |  | CDN$ | 1.44 |  |  | CDN$ | 1.39 |  |  | CDN$ | 1.25 |
Low |  |  | 1.32 |  |  |  | 1.31 |  |  |  | 1.39 |
Average |  |  | 1.37 |  |  |  | 1.35 |  |  |  | 1.30 |
Year End |  |  | 1.44 |  |  |  | 1.33 |  |  |  | 1.35 |

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 2 |

Description of Business

KEI is a North American energy company focused on finding and exploiting energy projects in oil and gas. Through various subsidiaries, the Company owns and operates energy properties in the United States. The Company continues to utilize its technical and operational expertise to identify and acquire additional projects in oil and gas. The common shares of the Company trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the symbol “KEI” and on the NASDAQ under the symbol “KGEI”.

Operating Summary

The Company’s results of operations are dependent on production volumes of natural gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids and the prices received for the production. Prices for these commodities have shown significant volatility during recent years and are determined by supply and demand factors, including weather and general economic conditions.

OVERVIEW |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Results at a Glance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Year Ended December 31, |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Financial (US $000 except per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oil and gas net revenues |  |  | 58,524 |  |  |  | 50,597 |  |  |  | 37,560 |
Net income and comprehensive income |  |  | 18,115 |  |  |  | 19,280 |  |  |  | 16,643 |
Basic net income per share |  |  | 0.51 |  |  |  | 0.54 |  |  |  | 0.47 |
Diluted net income per share |  |  | 0.50 |  |  |  | 0.53 |  |  |  | 0.46 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  | 38,889 |  |  |  | 38,647 |  |  |  | 22,042 |
Net operating income(1) |  |  | 50,291 |  |  |  | 44,702 |  |  |  | 32,656 |
Adjusted EBITDA(2) |  |  | 44,039 |  |  |  | 39,080 |  |  |  | 25,112 |
Additions to property, plant and equipment |  |  | 31,251 |  |  |  | 53,173 |  |  |  | 37,097 |
Operating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average production (Boepd) |  |  | 3,478 |  |  |  | 2,796 |  |  |  | 1,640 |
Average price ($/BOE) |  |  | 58.60 |  |  |  | 63.10 |  |  |  | 80.82 |
Netback from operations ($/BOE)(3) |  |  | 38.54 |  |  |  | 42.97 |  |  |  | 54.56 |
Netback including commodity contract ($/BOE)(3) |  |  | 38.05 |  |  |  | 41.61 |  |  |  | 47.79 |
Balance Sheet |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 4,314 |  |  |  | 598 |  |  |  | 1,037 |
Total assets |  |  | 248,759 |  |  |  | 224,357 |  |  |  | 184,082 |
Working capital (deficiency) |  |  | (657 | ) |  |  | (11,916 | ) |  |  | (6,569 | )
Available borrowing capacity |  |  | 16,542 |  |  |  | 10,042 |  |  |  | 6,842 |
Total non-current liabilities |  |  | 44,276 |  |  |  | 35,099 |  |  |  | 19,835 |

(1) Net operating income is considered a non-GAAP measure. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

(2) Adjusted EBITDA is considered a non-GAAP measure. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

(3) Netback from operations and netback including commodity contracts are considered non-GAAP ratios. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 3 |

Highlights

The average production for 2024 was 3,478 BOEPD, an increase of 24% compared to 2023 production of 2,796 BOEPD. The increase is due to production from the wells that were drilled and completed in 2024.

Net income for 2024 was $18.1 million, compared to net income of $19.3 million for 2023. The decrease was due to a lower unrealized gain on commodity contracts for 2024 as compared to 2023, as well as higher expenses offset by the increase in revenue in 2024. The increase in expenses is due to higher operating expenses, higher general & administrative (G&A) expense mainly from listing on the NASDAQ, an increase in interest expense due to higher borrowings during 2024 as compared to 2023 and an increase in income tax expense.

Adjusted EBITDA(1) was $44.0 million for 2024 compared to $39.1 million for 2023, an increase of 13%. The increase was due to a 16% increase in revenue partially offset by higher operating and G&A expense.

Net revenues for the year ended 2024 increased by 16% compared to the year ended 2023. The increase was due to a 24% increase in production partially offset by a decrease in average prices of 7%.

Production and operating expense per barrel averaged $7.44 per BOE in 2024 compared to $6.61 per BOE in 2023, an increase of 13%. The increase was mainly due to natural gas and NGL processing costs of $0.8 million, or $0.63 per BOE, related to prior years as the purchaser reassessed prior year gathering and processing costs in 2024. Under the terms of the Company’s contract with the purchaser, adjustments to fee billings over the last 24 months are permissible. The adjustments received to date cover 2022 and 2023. Without these costs, operating expense per barrel would be $6.81 per BOE for 2024, an increase of 3% compared to the prior year.

Netback from operations(2) decreased to $38.54 per BOE in 2024 compared to $42.97 per BOE in 2023, a decrease of 10%. Netback including commodity contracts(2) for 2024 was $38.05 per BOE compared to $41.61 in 2023, a decrease of 9% from the prior year. The decreases compared to the prior year were due to the decrease in average prices and higher operating expense per barrel.

At December 31, 2024, the Company had $16.5 million of available borrowing capacity on the credit facility and was in compliance with both of its debt covenants.

(1) Adjusted EBITDA is considered a non-GAAP measure. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

(2) Netback from operations and netback including commodity contracts are considered non-GAAP ratios. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

OPERATIONS UPDATE

Tishomingo Field, Ardmore Basin, Oklahoma

The average production for 2024 was 3,478 BOEPD, an increase of 24% compared to 2023 production of 2,796 BOEPD. The increase is due to production from the wells that were drilled and completed in 2024.

In the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company drilled and completed the last three wells in its 2024 drilling program, the Alicia Renee 2-11-3H, Alicia Renee 2-11-4H and Alicia Renee 2-11-5H (all 100% working interest). The impact of the three Alicia Renee wells, which are all 1.5-mile lateral wells, increased fourth quarter 2024 production to 4,440 BOEPD.

In March 2025, the Company began drilling its first four wells in the 2025 drilling program. The Lovina 9-16-1H, 9-16-2H, 9-16-3H and 9-16-4H wells (100% working interest) are all planned 1.5 mile lateral wells with production expected to begin at the end of the second quarter.

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 4 |

DISCUSSION OF OPERATING RESULTS

Production and Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | FY2024 |  |  | FY2023 |  |  | % Change |
Average oil production (BOPD) |  |  | 2,520 |  |  |  | 2,144 |  |  |  | 18 |
Average natural gas production (MCF/D) |  |  | 2,464 |  |  |  | 1,630 |  |  |  | 51 |
Average NGL production (BOEPD) |  |  | 547 |  |  |  | 380 |  |  |  | 44 |
Average production (BOEPD) |  |  | 3,478 |  |  |  | 2,796 |  |  |  | 24 |
Average oil price ($/bbl) |  |  | 74.06 |  |  |  | 76.34 |  |  |  | (3 | )
Average natural gas price ($/mcf) |  |  | 1.93 |  |  |  | 2.93 |  |  |  | (34 | )
Average NGL price ($/bbl) |  |  | 22.70 |  |  |  | 20.89 |  |  |  | 9 |
Average price ($/BOE) |  |  | 58.60 |  |  |  | 63.10 |  |  |  | (7 | )
Oil revenue ($000) |  |  | 68,303 |  |  |  | 59,750 |  |  |  | 14 |
Natural gas revenue ($000) |  |  | 1,745 |  |  |  | 1,742 |  |  |  | - |
NGL revenue ($000) |  |  | 4,544 |  |  |  | 2,899 |  |  |  | 57 |

Oil production for 2024 was 2,520 BOPD compared to 2,144 BOPD for 2023, an increase of 18%. The production increase is due to the additional production from the 2024 drilling program. Oil revenue increased by 14% in 2024 versus 2023 due to the production increase partially offset by a decrease in oil prices of 3%.

For 2024, average natural gas production was 2,464 MCFPD compared to 1,630 MCFPD in 2023, an increase of 51%. The production increase is due to the additional production from the 2024 drilling program. Natural gas revenue remained flat in 2024 versus 2023 as a 34% decrease in natural gas prices offset the production increase.

Natural gas liquids (NGL) production in 2024 increased to 547 BOEPD from 380 BOEPD in 2023, an increase of 44%. The production increase is due to the additional production from the 2024 drilling program. NGL revenue increased by 57% in 2024 compared to 2023 due to the production increase and a 9% increase in NGL prices.

Average production on a per BOE basis was 3,478 BOEPD in 2024 compared to 2,796 BOEPD in 2023, an increase of 24%. The increase is due to the factors discussed above. Gross revenue for 2024 increased by 16% compared to 2023 due to the increases in production partially offset by a decrease in average prices.

Royalties, Operating Expenses and Netbacks |  |  |  |
($/BOE) |  | FY2024 |  |  | FY2023 |  |  | % |
Average price |  |  | 58.60 |  |  |  | 63.10 |  |  |  | (7 | )
Less: Royalties |  |  | 12.62 |  |  |  | 13.52 |  |  |  | (7 | )
Less: operating expenses(3,4) |  |  | 7.44 |  |  |  | 6.61 |  |  |  | 13 |
Netback from operations(1) |  |  | 38.54 |  |  |  | 42.97 |  |  |  | (10 | )
Price adjustment from commodity contracts(2) |  |  | (0.49 | ) |  |  | (1.36 | ) |  |  | (64 | )
Netback including commodity contracts(1) |  |  | 38.05 |  |  |  | 41.61 |  |  |  | (9 | )

(1) Netback from operations and netback including commodity contracts are considered non-GAAP ratios. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

(2) Price adjustment from commodity contracts includes the positive or negative adjustment to the average price per barrel that the Company realized from its commodity contracts. See the listing of commodity contracts below.

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 5 |

(3) Operating expenses includes compressor costs of $1.2 million in 2024 and $0.9 million in 2023 that are accounted for as a lease under IFRS 16.

(4) Includes natural gas and NGL processing costs related to prior years as the purchaser reassessed prior year gathering and processing costs totaling $0.8 million, or $0.63 per BOE, in 2024.

Average prices decreased by 7% in the year ended 2024, compared to the prior year, due to the price decreases in oil and gas discussed above. Oil made up 72% of the production mix in 2024 compared to 77% in 2023.

Royalties on Tishomingo production averaged approximately 21.5% for 2024 versus 21.4% in 2023. The percentages differences are due to different royalty burdens on the wells produced by the Company.

Major production and operating expenses are related to the gathering and processing of natural gas and NGLs as well as periodic well repairs and maintenance. Operating expenses averaged $7.44 per BOE for 2024 compared to $6.61 per BOE in 2023 The increase was mainly due to natural gas and NGL processing costs of $0.8 million, or $0.63 per BOE, related to prior years as the purchaser reassessed prior year gathering and processing costs in 2024. Under the terms of the Company’s contract with the purchaser, adjustments to fee billings over the last 24 months are permissible. The adjustments received to date cover 2022 and 2023. Without these costs, operating expense per barrel would be $6.81 per BOE for 2024, an increase of 3% compared to the prior year.

Realized and Unrealized Gains and Losses from Risk Management Contracts

As part of our normal operations, the Company is exposed to movements in commodity prices. In an effort to manage this exposure, the Company utilizes financial commodity contracts. The Company’s strategy focuses on the use of costless collars and fixed price contracts to limit exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices, while allowing for participation in spot commodity prices. Contracts settled in the period result in realized gains or losses based on the market price compared to the contract price and volume. Changes in the fair value of unsettled contracts are reported as unrealized gains or losses in the period as the forward markets fluctuate and as new contracts are executed.

At December 31, 2024 the Company had the financial commodity contracts as discussed in note 6 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company entered into additional commodity contracts in January 2025, which are also discussed in note 6, to meet hedging requirements on its credit facility.

The estimated fair value was a $0.3 million asset as of December 31, 2024 (December 31, 2023: $0.1 million liability) for the financial oil contracts which has been determined based on the prospective amounts that the Company would receive or pay to terminate the contracts, consisting of a current asset of $0.3 million. (December 31, 2023: current liability of $0.2 million and a long-term asset of $0.1 million).

For 2024, approximately 48% of oil production was hedged with costless collars with a price range of $60.00/bbl to $94.55/bbl.

The realized and unrealized gains/losses from the financial commodity contracts are as follows:

($000s) |  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Realized loss on financial commodity contracts |  | $ | (616 | ) |  |  | (1,379 | )
Unrealized gain on financial commodity contracts |  | $ | 336 |  |  |  | 1,813 |

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 6 |

General and Administrative Expenses

General & Administrative (G&A) expense for 2024 was $5.6 million compared to $4.2 million in 2023, an increase of 33%. The increases were primarily due to higher accounting fees and public company costs that resulted from listing on the NASDAQ stock market at the end of 2023, which increased by $0.7 million in 2024. The increases were also due to higher payroll and director costs, mainly related to additional personnel and higher investor relations and marketing costs in 2024.

Depletion and Depreciation

Depletion and depreciation expense for 2024 was $15.9 million compared to $15.0 million in 2023. The increases were due to increased production and a higher PP&E balance. Depletion and depreciation expense on a per barrel basis was $12.49 for 2024 compared to $14.70 for 2023 due to a lower level of future development costs in 2024.

Interest on loans and borrowings

Interest on loans and borrowings increased from $2.3 million in 2023 to $3.4 million for the same period of 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the outstanding debt balance in 2024 compared to 2023.

Income tax expense

Income tax expense increased from $3.4 million in 2023 to $5.8 million in 2024 due to the release of a valuation allowance in 2023 which reduced the 2023 income tax expense.

Net income for the period

The Company had net income of $18.1 million ($0.51 per basic share) in 2024 compared to net income of $19.3 million ($0.54 per share) for the same period of 2023. The change in net income in 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 is due to an increase in operating expenses of $2.3 million, an increase in income taxes of $2.5 million, an increase in G&A expense of $1.4 million mainly from costs associated with listing on the NASDAQ, an increase in interest on long term debt of $1.1 million, an increase in depletion, depreciation and accretion of $0.9 million, a net realized and unrealized loss in financial commodity contracts in 2024 totaling $0.3 million versus a net gain of $0.4 million in the same period of 2023, partially offset by an increase in revenue net of royalties of $7.9 million.

Cash from operating activities

Cash flows from operating activities for 2024 was $38.9 million compared to cash flows from operating activities of $38.6 million in 2023. The slight increase in 2024 compared to 2023 is due to an increase in revenue that was mostly offset by increases in operating expenses, interest expense and G&A expense.

Cash flows from financing activities

Cash flows from financing activities for 2024 was $1.0 million compared to $10.8 million in 2023. The decrease in 2024 compared to 2023 is due to a decrease in net proceeds from loans and borrowings from $11.7 million in 2023 to $3.4 million in 2024. The company also repurchased common stock in 2024 totaling $1.2 million pursuant to the Bid (as defined below). See “Normal Course Issuer Bid”.

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 7 |

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Capital expenditures were for the wells drilled and completed in the Tishomingo field located in Oklahoma.

($000) |  |  |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 31,251 |  |  | $ | 53,173 |
|  | $ | 31,251 |  |  | $ | 53,173 |

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

|  | At December 31, |
(000s; other than number of shares and per share amounts) |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Working Capital (Deficiency) (US$) |  | $ | (657 | ) |  | $ | (11,916 | )
Loans and Borrowings (US$) |  | $ | 33,458 |  |  | $ | 29,958 |
Shares Outstanding, end of year |  |  | 35,460,309 |  |  |  | 35,625,587 |
Market Price per share, end of year (in Canadian $) |  | $ | 7.74 |  |  | $ | 5.09 |
Market Value of Shares (in Canadian $) |  | $ | 274,463 |  |  | $ | 181,334 |

In May 2022, the Company’s US subsidiary, Kolibri Energy US Inc., amended the credit facility from BOK Financial, which is secured by the US subsidiary’s interests in the Tishomingo Field. The credit facility expires in June 2026 and is intended to fund the drilling of the Caney wells in the Tishomingo Field.

The borrowing base of the credit facility is $50.0 million from the latest redetermination in October 2024 and the Company has an available borrowing capacity of $16.5 million at December 31, 2024. The credit facility is subject to a semi-annual review and redetermination of the borrowing base. The next redetermination will be in the second quarter of 2025. Future commitment amounts will be subject to new reserve evaluations and there is no guarantee that the size and terms of the credit facility will remain the same after the borrowing base redetermination. Any redetermination of the borrowing base is effective immediately and if the borrowing base is reduced, the Company has six months to repay any shortfall.

The credit facility has two primary quarterly debt covenants. One covenant requires the US subsidiary to maintain a positive working capital balance which includes any unused excess borrowing capacity and excludes the fair value of commodity contracts, the current portion of long-term debt (the “Current Ratio”). The second covenant ensures the ratio of outstanding debt and long-term liabilities to a trailing twelve month adjusted EBITDA amount (the “Maximum Leverage Ratio”) be no greater than 3 to 1 at any quarter end. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income excluding interest expense, depreciation, depletion and amortization expense, and other non-cash and non-recurring charges including severance, share based compensation expense and unrealized gains or losses on commodity contracts.

The Company was in compliance with both covenants for the quarter ended December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024, the Current Ratio of the US Subsidiary was 1.94 to 1.0 and the Maximum Leverage Ratio was 0.80 to 1.0 for the three months ended December 31, 2024. The Company was in compliance with both covenants for the quarters ended March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2024.

At December 31, 2024, loans and borrowings of $33.5 million (December 31, 2023: $30.0 million) are presented net of loan acquisition costs of $0.3 million (December 31, 2023: $0.3 million).

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 8 |

At December 31, 2024, the Company had a working capital deficit of $0.7 million compared to a working capital deficit of $11.9 million at December 31, 2023. The Company had available borrowing capacity of $16.5 million at December 31, 2024. The Company closely monitors its working capital and borrowing capacity to ensure adequate funds are available to finance its administrative and operating requirements. Planned drilling activity can be adjusted if adequate funds are not available, and the Company has available borrowing capacity to manage its working capital requirements.

The Company has entered into financial commodity contracts as part of its risk management strategy to manage its cash flows for future activity and to offset commodity price fluctuations. Other potential sources of cash flows include proceeds from additional debt or equity offerings but there is no guarantee that additional financing will be available when needed.

The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Company’s reputation.

Typically, the Company ensures that it has sufficient cash on demand and cash flows from operating activities to meet expected operational expenses for a one-year period, including the servicing of financial obligations; this excludes the potential impact of extreme circumstances that cannot reasonably be predicted, such as natural disasters. To achieve this objective, the Company prepares annual capital expenditure budgets, which are regularly monitored and updated as considered necessary. Further, the Company utilizes authorizations for expenditures on both operated and non-operated projects to further manage capital expenditure. The Company also attempts to match its payment cycle with collection of oil revenue on the 20th of each month.

The Company monitors its expected cash inflows from trade and other receivables and its expected cash outflows on trade and other payables and principal debt payments. The current volatile economic climate may lead to adverse changes in cash flows and working capital levels, which may also have a direct impact on the Company’s results and financial position and which may adversely affect the Company’s liquidity.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities at December 31, 2024:

($000s) |  | Carrying amount |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2026 |
Lease payable |  |  | 753 |  |  |  | 586 |  |  |  | 167 |
Loans and borrowings* |  |  | 33,458 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 33,458 |
Trade and other payables |  |  | 15,090 |  |  |  | 15,090 |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 49,301 |  |  | $ | 15,676 |  |  | $ | 33,625 |

*The Credit Facility provides for interest only payments until the June 2026 maturity date. The Company is required to repay amounts owing under the Credit Facility in full on the June 2026 maturity date. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Principal Business Risks” for discussion of events that would require early repayment of the Credit Facility.

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 9 |

QUARTERLY SUMMARY

Below is a summary of the Company’s performance over the last eight quarters:

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
($000, except as noted) |  | Q4 |  |  | Q3 |  |  | Q2 |  |  | Q1 |  |  | Q4 |  |  | Q3 |  |  | Q2 |  |  | Q1 |
Daily Production |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oil (BOPD) |  |  | 3,097 |  |  |  | 2,247 |  |  |  | 2,309 |  |  |  | 2,423 |  |  |  | 2,245 |  |  |  | 2,083 |  |  |  | 1,821 |  |  |  | 2,431 |
Natural gas (MCFPD) |  |  | 3,615 |  |  |  | 1,948 |  |  |  | 1,916 |  |  |  | 2,371 |  |  |  | 1,428 |  |  |  | 1,565 |  |  |  | 1,397 |  |  |  | 2,138 |
NGLs (BOEPD) |  |  | 740 |  |  |  | 460 |  |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 487 |  |  |  | 359 |  |  |  | 393 |  |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | 407 |
Average production (BOEPD) |  |  | 4,440 |  |  |  | 3,032 |  |  |  | 3,128 |  |  |  | 3,305 |  |  |  | 2,842 |  |  |  | 2,737 |  |  |  | 2,415 |  |  |  | 3,194 |

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
($000, except as noted) |  | Q4 |  |  | Q3 |  |  | Q2 |  |  | Q1 |  |  | Q4 |  |  | Q3 |  |  | Q2 |  |  | Q1 |
Average Price |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oil ($/bbl) |  |  | 69.00 |  |  |  | 74.48 |  |  |  | 79.48 |  |  |  | 75.03 |  |  |  | 78.51 |  |  |  | 79.70 |  |  |  | 72.33 |  |  |  | 74.40 |
Natural gas ($/mcf) |  |  | 2.82 |  |  |  | 1.21 |  |  |  | 0.84 |  |  |  | 2.06 |  |  |  | 2.32 |  |  |  | 2.71 |  |  |  | 1.83 |  |  |  | 4.24 |
NGL ($/bbl) |  |  | 23.38 |  |  |  | 20.60 |  |  |  | 18.24 |  |  |  | 28.25 |  |  |  | 20.41 |  |  |  | 19.84 |  |  |  | 15.97 |  |  |  | 26.77 |
Average price ($/BOE) |  |  | 54.32 |  |  |  | 59.09 |  |  |  | 62.10 |  |  |  | 60.66 |  |  |  | 65.76 |  |  |  | 65.04 |  |  |  | 58.00 |  |  |  | 62.87 |

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
($000, except as noted) |  | Q4 |  |  | Q3 |  |  | Q2 |  |  | Q1 |  |  | Q4 |  |  | Q3 |  |  | Q2 |  |  | Q1 |
Netback(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average price ($/BOE) |  |  | 54.32 |  |  |  | 59.09 |  |  |  | 62.10 |  |  |  | 60.66 |  |  |  | 65.76 |  |  |  | 65.04 |  |  |  | 58.00 |  |  |  | 62.87 |
Royalties |  |  | 11.79 |  |  |  | 12.45 |  |  |  | 13.22 |  |  |  | 13.36 |  |  |  | 14.34 |  |  |  | 14.42 |  |  |  | 11.98 |  |  |  | 13.16 |
Operating expenses (4,5) |  |  | 6.59 |  |  |  | 6.63 |  |  |  | 8.48 |  |  |  | 8.36 |  |  |  | 7.02 |  |  |  | 7.34 |  |  |  | 6.05 |  |  |  | 6.04 |
Netback from operations(1) |  |  | 35.94 |  |  |  | 40.01 |  |  |  | 40.40 |  |  |  | 38.94 |  |  |  | 44.40 |  |  |  | 43.28 |  |  |  | 39.97 |  |  |  | 43.67 |
Price adjustment from commodity contracts |  |  | (0.04 | ) |  |  | (0.06 | ) |  |  | (0.84 | ) |  |  | (1.13 | ) |  |  | (0.97 | ) |  |  | (1.63 | ) |  |  | (1.37 | ) |  |  | (1.44 | )
Netback including commodity contracts(1) |  |  | 35.90 |  |  |  | 39.95 |  |  |  | 39.54 |  |  |  | 37.81 |  |  |  | 43.43 |  |  |  | 41.65 |  |  |  | 38.60 |  |  |  | 42.23 |

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 10 |

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
($000, except as noted) |  | Q4 |  |  | Q3 |  |  | Q2 |  |  | Q1 |  |  | Q4 |  |  | Q3 |  |  | Q2 |  |  | Q1 |
Net operating income(2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Oil and gas revenue |  |  | 22,185 |  |  |  | 16,485 |  |  |  | 17,678 |  |  |  | 18,244 |  |  |  | 17,192 |  |  |  | 16,378 |  |  |  | 12,746 |  |  |  | 18,074 |
Royalties |  |  | 4,812 |  |  |  | 3,476 |  |  |  | 3,762 |  |  |  | 4,018 |  |  |  | 3,748 |  |  |  | 3,632 |  |  |  | 2,632 |  |  |  | 3,781 |
Operating expenses |  |  | 2,354 |  |  |  | 1,524 |  |  |  | 2,109 |  |  |  | 2,246 |  |  |  | 1,567 |  |  |  | 1,628 |  |  |  | 1,147 |  |  |  | 1,553 |
|  |  | 15,019 |  |  |  | 11,485 |  |  |  | 11,807 |  |  |  | 11,980 |  |  |  | 11,877 |  |  |  | 11,118 |  |  |  | 8,967 |  |  |  | 12,740 |

|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
($000, except as noted) |  | Q4 |  |  | Q3 |  |  | Q2 |  |  | Q1 |  |  | Q4 |  |  | Q3 |  |  | Q2 |  |  | Q1 |
Net income |  |  | 5,643 |  |  |  | 5,066 |  |  |  | 4,061 |  |  |  | 3,345 |  |  |  | 4,797 |  |  |  | 2,319 |  |  |  | 4,268 |  |  |  | 7,896 |
Basic income ($/share) |  |  | 0.16 |  |  |  | 0.14 |  |  |  | 0.11 |  |  |  | 0.09 |  |  |  | 0.14 |  |  |  | 0.07 |  |  |  | 0.12 |  |  |  | 0.22 |
Adjusted EBITDA(3) |  |  | 13,493 |  |  |  | 10,136 |  |  |  | 10,036 |  |  |  | 10,374 |  |  |  | 10,502 |  |  |  | 9,536 |  |  |  | 7,646 |  |  |  | 11,396 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  | 10,093 |  |  |  | 11,783 |  |  |  | 7,318 |  |  |  | 9,695 |  |  |  | 9,974 |  |  |  | 9,631 |  |  |  | 6,013 |  |  |  | 13,030 |
Bank debt |  |  | 33,240 |  |  |  | 30,711 |  |  |  | 33,678 |  |  |  | 31,667 |  |  |  | 29,612 |  |  |  | 23,809 |  |  |  | 17,819 |  |  |  | 17,819 |
Total assets |  |  | 248,759 |  |  |  | 237,438 |  |  |  | 230,975 |  |  |  | 229,191 |  |  |  | 224,357 |  |  |  | 211,745 |  |  |  | 196,655 |  |  |  | 188,023 |

(1) Netback from operations and netback including commodity contracts are considered non-GAAP ratios. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

(2) Net operating income is considered a Non-GAAP measure. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

(3) Adjusted EBITDA is considered a Non-GAAP measure. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

(4) Operating expenses includes compressor costs of $0.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 and $1.2 million in 2024 and compressor costs of $0.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 and $0.9 million in 2023 that are accounted for as a lease under IFRS 16.

(5) Includes natural gas and NGL processing costs related to prior years as the purchaser reassessed prior year gathering and processing costs in 2024 totaling $0.8 million, or $0.63 per BOE, in 2024.

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 11 |

Quarterly Variability

The results of the previous eight quarters reflect the Company’s development of the Tishomingo field with production increasing from 3,194 BOEPD in the first quarter of 2023 to 4,440 BOEPD in the fourth quarter of 2024. Changes in production have occurred between quarters due to the timing of drilling and completion operations and the temporary shut-in of wells.

Commodity prices have been relatively steady over 2023 and 2024 with oil prices ranging from $72.33/bbl to $79.70/bbl but oil prices did drop to $69.00/bbl in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Adjusted EBITDA(1) is impacted by the Company’s quarterly production and the changes in commodity prices. As our field development has resulted in increased production since the beginning of 2023, adjusted EBITDA has reflected this increase, including our fourth quarter 2024 adjusted EBITDA of $13.4 million even though prices were lower.

Net income, as well as basic earnings per share, is impacted by the Company’s operations and production but it is also impacted by quarterly unrealized gains or losses on the Company’s commodity contracts between quarters, which fluctuate from quarter to quarter. In addition, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company has recognized deferred tax expense every quarter, including $1.6 million recorded in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Total assets have increased over this period as the Company has continued to incur capital expenditures to develop the field and increase production since the beginning of 2023.

The Company’s bank debt has increased from $17.8 million to $33.2 million to fund capital expenditures and has fluctuated depending on the timing of field development activities between quarters. Although debt has increased over the last eight quarters, the Company has consistently maintained a leverage ratio below 1.0.

(1) Adjusted EBITDA is considered a Non-GAAP measure. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

FOURTH QUARTER 2024

Average total production during the fourth quarter of 2024 was 4,440 BOEPD compared to 2,842 BOEPD in the fourth quarter of 2023, an increase of 56%. During the fourth quarter of 2024, oil production increased by 38% to 3,097 BOPD from 2,245 BOPD for the same quarter of 2023. The Company’s natural gas production increased 150% to 3,615 MCFPD from 1,428 MCFPD in the same quarter of 2023. NGL production increased by 106% to 740 BOEPD from 359 BOEPD for the same quarter of 2023. The production increases were due to the three new wells that started production in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Oil and NGL prices for the fourth quarters of 2024 and 2023 are shown in the following table:

|  | Q4 2024 |  |  | Q4 2023 |  |  | % Change |
Oil ($/bbls) |  |  | 69.00 |  |  |  | 78.51 |  |  |  | (12 | )
Natural gas ($/mcf) |  |  | 2.82 |  |  |  | 2.32 |  |  |  | 22 |
NGL ($/bbls) |  |  | 23.38 |  |  |  | 20.41 |  |  |  | 15 |
Total average price ($/boe) |  |  | 54.32 |  |  |  | 65.76 |  |  |  | (17 | )

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 12 |

The Company’s netback(1) were as follows:

|  | Q4 2024 |  |  | Q4 2023 |  |  | % Change |
Average price ($/boe) |  |  | 54.32 |  |  |  | 65.76 |  |  |  | (17 | )
Less: Royalties |  |  | 11.79 |  |  |  | 14.34 |  |  |  | (18 | )
Less: Operating expenses |  |  | 6.59 |  |  |  | 7.02 |  |  |  | (6 | )
Netback from operations(1) |  |  | 35.94 |  |  |  | 44.40 |  |  |  | (19 | )
Price adjustment from commodity contracts |  |  | (0.04 | ) |  |  | (0.97 | ) |  |  | (96 | )
Netback including commodity contracts(1) |  |  | 35.90 |  |  |  | 43.43 |  |  |  | (17 | )

(1) Netback from operations and netback including commodity contracts are considered non-GAAP ratios. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

Oil and gas net revenue during the fourth quarter of 2024 increased 29% to $17.4 million compared to $13.4 million for the fourth quarter in 2023 and net operating income(1) increased to $15.0 million during the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to $11.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Adjusted EBITDA(2) was $13.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to $10.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, an increase of 28%.

The Company had net income of $5.6 million during the fourth quarter of 2024 compared to net income of $4.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2023 due to higher revenue from increased production and lower income tax expense, partially offset by higher depletion and operating expense. The income tax expense in 2023 was higher because it included the full year impact of income tax expense as the valuation allowance was released in the fourth quarter of 2023. The 2023 net income also included an unrealized gain from commodity contracts of $1.8 million compared to an unrealized loss on from commodity contracts of $0.5 million in 2024.

(1) Net operating income is considered a non-GAAP measure. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

(2) Adjusted EBITDA is considered a non-GAAP measure. Refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Measures” at the end of this MD&A.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and use judgment regarding the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosures of contingencies at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. By their nature, estimates are subject to measurement uncertainty and changes in such estimates in future years could require a material change in the financial statements. Accordingly, actual results may differ from the estimated amounts. Significant estimates and judgments made by management in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are as follows:

Oil and gas assets

Development and production assets are assessed for recoverability at the cash generating unit (“CGU”) level. The determination of CGUs is subject to management judgments. Recoverability is assessed by comparing the carrying value of the asset to its estimated recoverable amount, which is based on the higher of fair value of the assets less the cost to sell (“FVLCS”) or value in use (“VIU”). The significant estimates used in the determination of the estimated recoverable amount include the following:

| ● | Proved and probable oil and gas reserves – Significant assumptions that are valid at the time of oil and gas reserve estimation may change significantly when additional information becomes available. Estimates of economically recoverable proved and probable oil and gas reserves are based upon a number of significant assumptions, such as forecasted production, forecasted oil and gas commodity prices, forecasted operating costs, forecasted royalty costs, and forecasted future development costs. Changes in forecasted oil and gas commodity price assumptions, costs or recovery rates may change the economic status of proved and probable oil and gas reserves and may ultimately result in a restatement of proved and probable oil and gas reserves. Independent third-party reserve evaluators are engaged at least annually to estimate proved and probable oil and gas reserves.

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 13 |

| ● | Discount rate – The discount rate used to calculate the net present value of cash flows is based on estimates of an industry peer group weighted average cost of capital. Changes in the economic environment could result in significant changes to this estimate.

Depletion of oil and gas assets

Depletion of development and production assets is determined based on proved and probable oil and gas reserves and includes forecasted future development costs as estimated by the Company’s independent third-party reserve evaluators. By their nature, the estimates of proved and probable oil and gas reserves are subject to measurement uncertainty. Accordingly, the impact to the consolidated financial statements in future periods could be material.

Asset retirement obligations

The provision for site restoration and abandonment is based on current legal requirements, technology, price levels and expected plans and are based on significant assumptions such as inflation rate and discount rate. Actual costs and cash outflows can differ from estimates because of changes in laws or regulations, market conditions and changes in technology.

Income taxes

Tax interpretations, regulations and legislation in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates are subject to change. As such income taxes are subject to measurement uncertainty. Deferred income tax assets are assessed by management at the end of the reporting period to determine the likelihood that they will be realized from future taxable earnings.

OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA

There were 35,488,809, 35,460,309 and 35,625,587 common shares outstanding as of March 25, 2025, December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company had 1,033,424, 1,073,924 and 939,634 stock options outstanding as of March 25, 2025, December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company had 517,817, 232,125, and 119,140 restricted share units (RSUs) outstanding as of March 25, 2025, December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

NORMAL COURSE ISSUER BID

On September 16, 2024, the Company announced that the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) accepted a notice filed by the Company of its intention to make a normal course issuer bid (the “Bid”) to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,786,798 common shares, being approximately 5% of the total number of 35,735,965 common shares issued and outstanding as at September 10, 2024, through the facilities of the TSX and the Nasdaq Capital Market or through alternative Canadian trading platforms. The actual number of shares which may be purchased pursuant to the Bid will be determined by management of the Company. The price with the Company will pay for any such common shares will be the prevailing market price at the time of purchase, and any such repurchased shares will be cancelled.

During the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company repurchased 280,656 common shares at an average price of CAD$5.80 per share.

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 14 |

PRINCIPAL BUSINESS RISKS

KEI’s business and results of operations are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the following:

| ● | the uncertainty of finding oil and gas in commercial quantities

| ● | securing markets for existing and future production

| ● | commodity price fluctuations due to market forces

| ● | volatile market conditions related to the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine

| ● | financial risk due to foreign exchange rates and interest rate exposure

| ● | changes to government regulations in the United States, including regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties and environmental protection

| ● | changing government policies and regulations, social instability and other political, economic or diplomatic developments in the countries in which the Company operates

| ● | the ability to fund wells drilled in non-operated sections of the Tishomingo field

| ● | production related risks leading to temporary shutting-in of wells, including, but not limited to, weather related risks and field conditions, completion activities of other operators in close proximity to the Company’s wells, adverse conditions affecting production, transportation or processing, and the uncertainty of pipeline repairs

| ● | availability of equity or debt financing is affected by many factors many

| ● | risks related to the threat or imposition of tariffs

| ● | availability of equity or debt financing is affected by many factors many of which are beyond the control of the Company

| ● | uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of oil and natural gas reserves and cash flows to be derived therefrom

| ● | the oil and gas industry is intensely competitive and the Company competes with a large number of companies with greater resources

| ● | risks related to evolving emissions, carbon and other regulations impacting climate change and the advancement of alternative sources of renewable energy

| ● | risks related to the Credit Facility, including the risk that the Company could be required under the terms of the Credit Facility to prepay the outstanding principal amount and other amounts owing under the Credit Facility in certain circumstances, some of which are out of the Company’s control, including failure to comply with financial ratio tests, borrowing base redeterminations, Mr. Wolf Regener ceasing to be the President of Kolibri Global Energy Inc., certain changes to the board of directors of the Company and the acquisition by any person or persons acting jointly or in concert of 25% or more of the Company’s shares. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain sufficient capital to repay the Credit Facility. A failure by the Company to perform its obligations under the Credit Facility could result in, among other adverse effects, the loss of the Company’s Tishomingo Field assets. A copy of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement was filed on SEDAR+ on May 26, 2024. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Contractual Obligations” above and the “Risk Factors” section in the Company’s most recent Annual Information Form.

| ● | the other risks identified in the Company’s most recent Annual Information Form under the “Risk Factors” section and the Company’s other public disclosure, available under the Company’s profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.

The Company seeks to mitigate these risks by:

| ● | maintaining product mix to manage exposure to commodity price risk

| ● | monitoring production trends to maximize the potential of its capital spending program

| ● | from time to time, entering into financial commodity contracts to hedge against commodity price risk

| ● | ensuring strong third-party operators for non-operated properties

| ● | transacting with creditworthy counterparties

| ● | monitoring commodity prices and capital programs to manage cash flows

| ● | reviewing proposed changes in applicable government regulations and laws to assess the impact on the Company’s operations

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 15 |

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and the Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) have designed, or caused to be designed under their supervision, disclosure controls and procedures (“DC&P”) and internal controls over financial reporting (“ICOFR”) as defined in National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings in order to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements in accordance with IFRS.

The DC&P have been designed to provide reasonable assurance that material information relating to KEI is made known to the CEO and CFO by others and that information required to be disclosed by the Company in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted by KEI under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation. The Company’s CEO and CFO have concluded, based on their evaluation that the Company’s DC&P and ICOFR are effective at December 31, 2024 to provide reasonable assurance that material information related to the Company is made known to them by others within the Company.

The CEO and CFO are required to cause the Company to disclose any change in the Company’s ICOFR and DC&P that occurred during the most recent interim period that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s ICOFR. No changes in ICOFR and DC&P were identified during such period that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s ICOFR during the quarter ended December 31, 2024.

It should be noted that a control system, including the Company’s DC&P and ICOFR, no matter how well conceived or operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objective of the control system will be met and it should not be expected that DC&P and ICOFR will prevent all errors or fraud.

OUTLOOK

In the United States, the Company intends to drill and complete additional wells in the Caney/Sycamore formations on its Oklahoma lands as financing becomes available and the economic environment changes. In addition, the Company continues to utilize its technical and operational expertise to identify and acquire additional oil, gas and clean energy projects. The Company expects to continue drilling additional wells utilizing cash flows from operating activities and potentially its available borrowing capacity under its credit facility

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 16 |

NON-GAAP MEASURES

The Company’s Non-GAAP Measures are not measures or ratios recognized under IFRS and do not have any standardized meanings prescribed by IFRS. Management of the Company believes that such measures and ratios are relevant for evaluating returns on each of the Company’s projects as well as the performance of the enterprise as a whole. The Company’s Non-GAAP Measures may differ from similar computations as reported by other similar organizations and, accordingly, may not be comparable to similar non-GAAP measures and ratios as reported by such organizations. The Company’s Non-GAAP Measures should not be construed as alternatives to net income, cash flows from operating activities, working capital or other financial measures and ratios determined in accordance with IFRS, as an indicator of the Company’s performance.

Netback from operations per barrel and its components are calculated by dividing revenue, less royalties and operating expenses by the Company’s sales volume during the period. Netback including commodity contracts is calculated by adjusting netback from operations by the realized gains or losses received from commodity contracts during the period. Netback is a non-GAAP ratio but it is commonly used by oil and gas companies to illustrate the unit contribution of each barrel produced. The Company believes that the netback is a useful supplemental measure of the cash flows generated on each barrel of oil equivalent that is produced in its operations. However, non-GAAP measures and non-GAAP ratios do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures or ratios used by other companies and should not be used to make comparisons.

The following is the reconciliation of the non-GAAP ratio netback from operations to net income and comprehensive income:

(US $000) |  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net income and comprehensive income |  |  | 18,115 |  |  |  | 19,280 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense |  |  | 5,864 |  |  |  | 3,359 |
Finance income |  |  | (338 | ) |  |  | (1,813 | )
Finance expense |  |  | 4,174 |  |  |  | 3,836 |
Stock based compensation |  |  | 1,075 |  |  |  | 790 |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 5,636 |  |  |  | 4,243 |
Depletion, depreciation and amortization |  |  | 15,892 |  |  |  | 15,009 |
Other income |  |  | (127 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
Operating netback |  |  | 50,291 |  |  |  | 44,702 |
Netback from operations per barrel |  | $ | 38.54 |  |  | $ | 42.97 |

Net operating income is similarly a non-GAAP measure that represents revenue net of royalties and operating expenses. The Company believes that net operating income is a useful supplemental measure to analyze operating performance and provides an indication of the results generated by the Company’s principal business activities prior to the consideration of other income and expenses.

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 17 |

The following is the reconciliation of the non-GAAP measure net operating income:

(US $000) |  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Oil and gas revenue, net of royalties |  |  | 58,524 |  |  |  | 50,597 |
Less: production and operating expenses |  |  | 8,233 |  |  |  | 5,895 |
Net operating income |  |  | 50,291 |  |  |  | 44,702 |

Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as net income before interest, taxes, depletion and depreciation and other non-cash and non-operating gains and losses. The Company considers this a key measure as it demonstrates its ability to generate cash from operations necessary for future growth excluding non-cash items, gains and losses that are not part of the normal operations of the Company and financing costs. The following is the reconciliation of the non-GAAP measure adjusted EBITDA:

(US $000) |  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Net income and comprehensive income |  |  | 18,115 |  |  |  | 19,280 |
Depletion and depreciation |  |  | 15,892 |  |  |  | 15,009 |
Accretion |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 183 |
Interest expense |  |  | 3,382 |  |  |  | 2,263 |
Unrealized gain on commodity contracts |  |  | (336 | ) |  |  | (1,813 | )
Stock based compensation |  |  | 1,075 |  |  |  | 790 |
Interest income |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | - |
Other income |  |  | (127 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
Income tax expense |  |  | 5,864 |  |  |  | 3,359 |
Foreign currency loss |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 11 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 44,039 |  |  |  | 39,080 |

Product Type Disclosure

This MD&A includes references to sales volumes of “oil”, “natural gas”, and “barrels of oil equivalent” or “BOEs”. “Oil” refers to light crude oil and medium crude oil combined, and “natural gas” refers to shale gas, in each case as defined by NI 51-101. Production from our wells, primarily disclosed in this MD&A in BOEs, consists of mainly oil and associated wet gas. The wet gas is delivered via gathering system and then pipelines to processing plants where it is treated and sold as natural gas and NGLs.

Cautionary Statements

| (a) | The Company’s natural gas production is reported in thousands of cubic feet (“Mcfs”). The Company also uses references to barrels (“Bbls”) and barrels of oil equivalent (“BOEs”) to reflect natural gas liquids and oil production and sales. BOEs may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. A BOE conversion ratio of 6 Mcf:1 Bbl is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and does not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead. Given that the value ratio based on the current price of crude oil as compared to natural gas is significantly different from the energy equivalency of 6:1, utilizing a conversion on a 6:1 basis may be misleading as an indication of value.

Kolibri Global Energy Inc. | 18 |

| (b) | Discounted and undiscounted net present value of future net revenues attributable to reserves do not represent fair market value.

| (c) | Possible reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than probable reserves. There is a 10% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the sum of proved plus probable plus possible reserves.

| (d) | This MD&A and the Company’s other public disclosure contains peak and 30-day initial production rates and other short-term production rates. Readers are cautioned that initial production rates are preliminary in nature and are not necessarily indicative of long-term performance or of ultimate recovery.

CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This MD&A contains forward-looking information including expectations regarding proposed timing and expected results of development work in the Company’s Tishomingo Field (including the Company’s 2025 drilling program), expected productivity from current and future wells, planned capital expenditure programs and cost estimates, the effect of design and performance improvements on future productivity, planned use and sufficiency of proceeds from the Company’s debt and equity financings, compliance with debt covenants under the Company’s credit facility, cash on hand and cash flows from operating activities and the Company’s strategy and objectives. The use of any of the words “target”, “plans”, “anticipate”, “continue”, “estimate”, “expect”, “may”, “will”, “project”, “should”, “believe”, “intend” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

Such forward-looking information is based on management’s expectations and assumptions, including that the Company’s geologic and reservoir models and analysis will be validated, that indications of early results are reasonably accurate predictors of the prospectiveness of the shale intervals, that previous exploration results are indicative of future results and success, that expected production from future wells can be achieved as modeled, declines will match the modeling, future well production rates will be improved over existing wells, that rates of return as modeled can be achieved, that recoveries are consistent with management’s expectations, that additional wells are actually drilled and completed, that design and performance improvements will reduce development time and expense and improve productivity, that discoveries will prove to be economic, that well shut-ins will not materially reduce production or adversely affect future productivity, that anticipated results and estimated costs will be consistent with managements’ expectations, that all required permits and approvals and the necessary labor and equipment will be obtained, provided or available, as applicable, on terms that are acceptable to the Company, when required, that no unforeseen delays, unexpected geological or other effects, equipment failures, permitting delays or labor or contract disputes are encountered, that the development plans of the Company and its co-venturers will not change, that the demand for oil and gas will be sustained, that the combination of cash on hand and cash flows from operating activities will be sufficient to finance the Company’s cash requirements through 2025, that the Company will continue to be able to access sufficient capital through financings, credit facilities, farm-ins or other participation arrangements to maintain its projects, that the Company will continue in compliance with the covenants under its reserve-based loan facility and that the borrowing base will not be reduced, that the Company will not be adversely affected by changing government policies and regulations, social instability or other political, economic or diplomatic developments in the countries in which it operates and that global economic conditions will not deteriorate in a manner that has an adverse impact on the Company’s business and its ability to advance its business strategy.

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Forward looking information involves significant known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. These risks include, but are not limited to: any of the assumptions on which such forward looking information is based vary or prove to be invalid, including that the Company’s geologic and reservoir models or analysis are not validated, anticipated results and estimated costs will not be consistent with managements’ expectations, that the Company will not achieve a comparable level of hedging going forward in respect of its existing production, that the Company will not achieve the results anticipated by management from the Company’s cost reduction measures, the risks associated with the oil and gas industry (e.g. operational risks in development, exploration and production; delays or changes in plans with respect to exploration and development projects or capital expenditures; the uncertainty of reserve and resource estimates and projections relating to production, costs and expenses, and health, safety and environmental risks, including flooding and extended interruptions due to inclement or hazardous weather conditions), well shut-ins and the potential for damage to the affected wells, the risk of commodity price and foreign exchange rate fluctuations, risks and uncertainties associated with securing the necessary regulatory approvals and financing to proceed with continued development of the Tishomingo Field, the Company or its subsidiaries is not able for any reason to obtain and provide the information necessary to secure required approvals or that required regulatory approvals are otherwise not available when required, that unexpected geological results are encountered, that completion techniques require further optimization, that production rates do not match the Company’s assumptions, that very low or no production rates are achieved, that the Company will cease to be in compliance with the covenants under its reserve-based loan facility and be required to repay outstanding amounts or that the borrowing base will be reduced pursuant to a borrowing base redetermination and the Company will be required to repay the resulting shortfall, that the Company is unable to access required capital, that occurrences such as those that are assumed will not occur, do in fact occur, and those conditions that are assumed will continue or improve, do not continue or improve and the other risks identified in the Company’s most recent Annual Information Form under the “Risk Factors” section and the Company’s other public disclosure, available under the Company’s profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.

Although the Company has attempted to take into account important factors that could cause actual costs or results to differ materially, there may be other factors that cause actual results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. The forward-looking information included in this MD&A is expressly qualified in its entirety by this cautionary statement. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information. The Company undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, other than as required by applicable law.

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CORPORATE INFORMATION

DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS |  |
Evan Templeton1.2,3,5 |  |
Director, Chairman of the Board |  |
Leslie O’Connor 2,3,4,5 |  |
Director |  | AUDITORS
|  | BDO USA, P.C.
David Neuhauser 1,3,4 |  | Houston, TX, USA
Director |  |
Douglas Urch 1,2,5 |  | BANKERS
Director |  | BOK Financial
|  | Denver, CO, USA
Wolf Regener 4 |  |
Director, President and Chief Executive Officer |  | Royal Bank of Canada
|  | Calgary, AB
Gary Johnson |  |
Chief Financial Officer and Vice President |  | CONSULTING ENGINEERS
|  | Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc.
1 Member of the Audit Committee |  | Houston, TX, USA
2 Member of the Corporate Governance Committee |  |
3 Member of the Compensation Committee |  | TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
4 Member of the HS&E Committee |  | Computershare Trust Company
5 Member of the Reserves Committee |  | Calgary, AB
STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING |  | HEAD OFFICE
The Toronto Stock Exchange |  | Suite 220, 925 Broadbeck Drive
Trading Symbol: KEI |  | Thousand Oaks, CA, USA 91320
NASDAQ |  | Telephone: (805) 484-3613
Trading Symbol: KGEI |  | Fax: (805) 484-9649
LEGAL COUNSEL |  | CANADIAN OFFICE
DuMoulin Black LLP |  | 15th Floor, 1111 West Hastings St.
Vancouver, BC |  | Vancouver, BC, Canada V6E 2J3
|  | Telephone (604) 687-1224
Haynes Boone, LLP |  | Fax: (604) 687-3635
New York, NY, USA |  |

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