In January 2023, the Company implemented a reduction in its workforce of approximately 4% across various geographies and functions to streamline operations. The Company recorded $4.3 million of severance and related costs for this action during the fourth quarter of 2022, and $0.6 million during the first quarter of 2023. The Company also recorded a restructuring charge of $5.0 million during the fourth quarter of 2022 related to closing one floor of its offices located in San Francisco, California, of which $3.7 million related to an impairment of a right-of-use asset and $1.3 million related to an impairment of leasehold improvements. During 2023, the Company recorded an incremental $0.9 million impairment to its California office and a $0.6 million charge for the write-off of a previously capitalized software project. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company recorded an incremental $0.5 million impairment to its California office.

The following table rolls forward the activity in the restructuring accrual for the January 2023 action for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


Accrual at December 31, 2023	$	48
Additional restructuring and related costs		506
Non-cash charge (included above)		(492	)
Cash payments		(62	)
Accrual at December 31, 2024	$	—

In May 2023, the Company implemented a reduction in its workforce of approximately 8% across various geographies and functions to better align its cost structure and to streamline its sales and consulting organizations. The Company recorded $7.5 million of severance and related costs for this action during the second quarter of 2023. In addition, the Company closed certain of its smaller offices both inside and outside the U.S. in order to reduce facility costs and better match its facilities to its hybrid work strategy. As a result of closing the offices, the Company recorded restructuring costs of $2.3 million, which included $1.3 million related to right-of-use asset impairments and accelerated amortization and $0.6 million related to impairments of leasehold improvements. In addition, the Company incurred $0.7 million in contract termination costs. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company recognized $0.2 million of expense from the write-off of foreign currency translation adjustments related to the liquidation of a small foreign operation.

The following table rolls forward the activity in the restructuring accrual for the May 2023 action for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


Accrual at December 31, 2023	$	1,282
Additional restructuring and related costs		262
Non-cash charge (included above)		(232	)
Cash payments		(943	)
Accrual at December 31, 2024	$	369

In February 2024, the Company implemented a reduction in its workforce of approximately 3% across various geographies and functions to better align its cost structure with the revenue outlook for the year. The Company recorded $0.7 million of severance and related costs for this action during the fourth quarter of 2023, and $2.8 million during the first quarter of 2024. The Company also recorded a restructuring charge of $3.8 million during the first quarter of 2024 related to closing one floor of its offices located in San Francisco, California, of which $3.2 million related to an impairment of a right-of-use asset and $0.6 million related to an impairment of leasehold improvements. During the third quarter of 2024, the Company recorded an incremental $0.2 million impairment to its California office.

The following table rolls forward the activity in the restructuring accrual for the February 2024 action for the year ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


Accrual at December 31, 2023	$	732
Additional restructuring and related costs		6,850
Non-cash charge (included above)		(4,036	)
Cash payments		(3,546	)
Accrual at December 31, 2024	$	—

In January 2025, the Company implemented a reduction in its workforce of approximately 6% across various geographies and functions to better align its cost structure with the revenue outlook for the year. Approximately $4.2 million of severance and related costs for this action were recorded during the fourth quarter of 2024. See Note 17 - Subsequent Events, for additional details of this action.