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Organization and Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Organization and Significant Accounting Policies |
Organization and Significant Accounting Policies | Coherus BioSciences, Inc. Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements 1.Organization and Significant Accounting Policies Description of the Business Coherus BioSciences, Inc. (the “Company” or “Coherus”) is a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the research, development and commercialization of innovative cancer treatments and commercialization of its portfolio of FDA-approved biosimilars. The Company’s strategy is to build a leading immuno-oncology franchise funded with cash generated through net sales of its diversified portfolio of FDA-approved therapeutics. The Company’s headquarters and laboratories are located in Redwood City, California and in Camarillo, California, respectively. The Company sells UDENYCA (pegfilgrastim-cbqv), a biosimilar to Neulasta, a long-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, in the United States. The FDA approved YUSIMRY (adalimumab-aqvh), a biosimilar to Humira, in December 2021, which the Company plans to launch in the United States on or after July 1, 2023, pursuant to the terms of an agreement with Humira’s manufacturer, AbbVie. On August 2, 2022, the FDA approved CIMERLI (ranibizumab-eqrn), a biosimilar to Lucentis, and commercial launch commenced on October 3, 2022 in the United States. The Company’s product pipeline comprises the following three product candidates: toripalimab, an anti-PD-1 antibody being developed in collaboration with Junshi Biosciences; CHS-006, an antibody targeting TIGIT being developed in collaboration with Junshi Biosciences; and one wholly-owned preclinical immuno-oncology program, CHS-1000, an antibody targeting ILT4. In May 2022, the Company discontinued development of its bevacizumab (Avastin) biosimilar product candidate in-licensed from Innovent. In October 2022, the Company discontinued development of its preclinical immuno-oncology program, CHS-3318, an antibody targeting CCR8. On January 9, 2023, the Company announced that it entered into the Term Sheet with Klinge Biopharma for the exclusive commercialization rights to FYB203, a biosimilar candidate to Eylea® (aflibercept), in the United States. The parties to the Term Sheet expect to execute the Definitive Agreements contemplated by the Term Sheet and complete the transaction in the first half of 2023. ​ Basis of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and include the accounts of Coherus and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. The Company does not have any significant interests in variable interest entities. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosures. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities when these values are not readily apparent from other sources. Estimates are assessed each period and updated to reflect current information, such as the economic considerations related to the impact that COVID-19 outbreaks could have on the Company’s significant accounting estimates. Accounting estimates and judgements are inherently uncertain and the actual results could differ from these estimates. Segment Reporting and Revenue by Geographic Region The Company operates and manages its business as one reportable and operating segment, which is the business of developing and commercializing human pharmaceutical products. The Company’s chief executive officer, as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), manages and allocates resources to the operations of the Company on an entity-wide basis. Managing and allocating resources on an entity-wide basis enables the CODM to assess the overall level of resources available and how to best deploy these resources across functions. Primarily, all revenue is generated and all long-lived assets are maintained in the United States. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash comprise cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash within the consolidated balance sheets and which, in aggregate, represent the amount reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​
(in thousands) | ​ | January 1,
At beginning of period: | ​ | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 417,195 | ​ | $ | 541,158 | ​ | $ | 177,668
Restricted cash | ​ | ​ | 440 | ​ | ​ | 440 | ​ | ​ | 240
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ​ | $ | 417,635 | ​ | $ | 541,598 | ​ | $ | 177,908
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
At end of period: | ​ | 2022 | ​ | 2021 | ​ | 2020
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 63,547 | ​ | $ | 417,195 | ​ | $ | 541,158
Restricted cash | ​ |  | 440 | ​ |  | 440 | ​ |  | 440
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | ​ | $ | 63,987 | ​ | $ | 417,635 | ​ | $ | 541,598
​ Restricted cash consists of deposits for letters of credit that the Company has provided to secure its obligations under certain leases and is included in other assets, non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company classifies the up-front and milestone payments related to licensing arrangements as cash flows from investing activities in its consolidated statements of cash flows. Investments in Marketable Securities Investments in marketable securities primarily consist of U.S. Treasury securities, commercial paper, corporate debt obligations and short-term money market instruments. Management determines the appropriate classification of investments in marketable securities at the time of purchase based upon management’s intent with regards to such investment and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. The Company’s investment policy requires that it only invests in highly rated securities and limits its exposure to any single issuer, except for securities issued by the U.S. government. All investments in marketable debt securities are held as “available-for-sale” and are carried at the estimated fair value as determined based upon quoted market prices or pricing models for similar securities. The Company classifies investments in marketable securities as short-term when they have remaining contractual maturities of one year or less from the balance sheet date. The Company regularly reviews its investments for declines in fair value below the amortized cost basis to determine whether the impairment, if any, is due to credit-related or other factors. This review includes the credit worthiness of the security issuers, the severity of the unrealized losses, whether the Company has the intent to sell the securities and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities before the recovery of the amortized cost basis. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are reported as a component of accumulated comprehensive income (loss), with the exception of unrealized losses believed to be related to credit losses, if any, which are recognized in earnings in the period the impairment occurs. Impairment assessments are made at the individual security level each reporting period. When the fair value of an available-for-sale debt investment is less than its cost at the balance sheet date, a determination is made as to whether the impairment is related to a credit loss and, if it is, the portion of the impairment relating to credit loss is recorded as an allowance through net income. There were no impairments related to credit losses during any of the periods presented. Realized gains and losses, if any, on available-for-sale securities are included in other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations based on the specific identification method. During 2022, 2021 and 2020, interest income from marketable securities was $1.9 million, $1.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, and is included in other income (expense), net, in the consolidated statements of operations. Trade Receivables Trade receivables are recorded net of allowances for chargebacks, chargeback prepayments, cash discounts for prompt payment and credit losses. The Company estimates an allowance for expected credit losses by considering factors such as historical experience, credit quality, the age of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. The corresponding expense for the credit loss allowance is reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses and was not material during the periods presented. The Company believes that its allowance for expected credit losses was adequate and immaterial as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Concentrations of Risk The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, investments in marketable securities and trade receivables. The Company attempts to minimize the risks related to cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities by investing in a broad and diverse range of financial instruments. The investment portfolio is maintained in accordance with the Company’s investment policy, which defines allowable investments, specifies credit quality standards and limits the credit exposure of any single issuer. The Company monitors the credit worthiness of customers that are granted credit in the normal course of business. In general, there is no requirement for collateral from customers. Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are in the United States to three wholesalers. UDENYCA and CIMERLI were the only products sold by the Company during 2022. UDENYCA was the only product sold and accounted for all of the Company’s revenues in 2021 and 2020. The Company enters into a strategic commercial supply agreement for each of its products. The Company currently has not engaged back-up suppliers or vendors. If any of the Company’s current vendors are not able to manufacture the supply needed in the quantities and timeframe required, the Company may not be able to supply the product in a timely manner. Foreign Currency Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are remeasured at period-end exchange rates for monetary assets and liabilities. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are remeasured at historical rates. Translation gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity (deficit). Revenue and expense accounts are translated to U.S. dollars at average exchange rates in effect during the period with resulting transaction gains and losses recognized in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company has not had material foreign currency impacts for all years presented. Inventory Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value with cost determined under the first-in first-out method. Inventory costs include third-party contract manufacturing, third-party packaging services, freight, labor costs for personnel involved in the manufacturing process, and indirect overhead costs. The Company primarily uses actual costs to determine the cost basis for inventory. The determination of excess or obsolete inventory requires judgment including consideration of many factors, such as estimates of future product demand, current and future market conditions, product expiration information, and potential product obsolescence, among others. During the third quarter of 2022, the Company recorded a $26.0 million write-down of inventory in cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of operations due to the competitive environment and lower demand for UDENYCA resulting in certain inventory becoming at risk of expiration. For 2022, this increased the net loss by $26.0 million and basic and diluted net loss per share by $0.33. Although the Company believes the assumptions used in estimating potential inventory write-downs are reasonable, if actual market conditions are less favorable than projected by management, write-downs of inventory, charges related to firm purchase commitments, or both may be required which would be recorded as cost of goods sold in the consolidated statement of operations. Adverse developments affecting the Company’s assumptions of the level and timing of demand for its products include those that are outside of the Company’s control such as the actions taken by competitors and customers, the direct or indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and other factors. Prior to the regulatory approval of product candidates, the Company incurred expenses for the manufacture of drug product that could potentially be available to support the commercial launch of the products. Inventory costs are capitalized when future commercialization is considered probable and the future economic benefit is expected to be realized, based on management’s judgment. A number of factors are considered, including the current status in the regulatory approval process, potential impediments to the approval process such as safety or efficacy, viability of commercialization and marketplace trends. Inventory in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022 was related to UDENYCA, YUSIMRY and CIMERLI. The Company began to capitalize inventory costs associated with UDENYCA and CIMERLI after receiving final regulatory approval in November 2018 and August 2022, respectively, and capitalization of YUSIMRY inventory costs began in the second quarter of 2022 when sales were deemed probable. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Interest costs incurred during the construction of major capital projects are capitalized until the underlying asset is ready for its intended use, at which point the capitalized interest costs are amortized as depreciation or amortization expense over the life of the underlying asset. When the Company disposes of property and equipment, it removes the associated cost and accumulated depreciation from the related accounts in the consolidated balance sheets and include any resulting gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. Eligible costs of internal use software and implementation costs of certain hosting arrangements are capitalized and amortized over the estimated useful life of the software or associated hosting arrangement, as applicable. Depreciation and amortization are recognized using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: ​
​ | ​ | ​
Computer equipment and software |  | 3 - 7 years
Furniture and fixtures |  | 5 years
Machinery and equipment |  | 5 years
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of lease term or useful life
​ Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of the Company’s single reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company’s goodwill balance was $0.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and no goodwill impairment charges were recognized in 2022, 2021 or 2020. Acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) that the Company acquires in conjunction with the acquisition of a business represents the fair value assigned to incomplete research projects which, at the time of acquisition, have not reached technological feasibility. The amounts are capitalized and are accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets, subject to impairment testing until completion or abandonment of the projects. Upon successful completion of each IPR&D project, the Company will make a determination as to the then-useful life of the intangible asset, generally determined by the period in which the substantial majority of the cash flows are expected to be generated, and begin amortization. The Company evaluates IPR&D for impairment on an annual basis, during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. The Company’s IPR&D balance was $2.6 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and no IPR&D impairment charges were recognized in 2022, 2021 or 2020. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a $2.4 million definite-lived intangible asset, net related to a 2022 capitalized milestone payment under a license agreement. This is amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated economic life of ten years and is reviewed periodically for impairment. Amortization expense is recorded as a component of cost of goods sold in the consolidated statements of operations and was immaterial in 2022. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets, including property and equipment and finite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever facts or circumstances either internally or externally may indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If there is an indication of impairment, the Company tests for recoverability by comparing the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset to the carrying amount of the asset or asset group. If the asset or asset group is determined to be impaired, any excess of the carrying value of the asset or asset group over its estimated fair value is recognized as an impairment loss. There were no material impairments recorded during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. Accrued Research and Development Expense Clinical trial costs are a component of research and development expense. The Company accrues and expenses clinical trial activities performed by third parties based upon actual work completed in accordance with agreements established with clinical research and manufacturing organizations and clinical sites. The Company determines the actual costs through monitoring patient enrollment, discussions with internal personnel and external service providers regarding the progress or stage of completion of trials or services and the agreed-upon fee to be paid for such services. Net Revenues The Company sells to wholesalers and distributors, (collectively, “Customers”). The Customers then resell to hospitals and clinics (collectively, “Healthcare Providers”) pursuant to contracts with the Company. In addition to distribution agreements with Customers and contracts with Healthcare Providers, the Company enters into arrangements with group purchasing organizations (“GPOs”) that provide for United States government-mandated or privately negotiated rebates, chargebacks and discounts. The Company also enters into rebate arrangements with payers, which consist primarily of commercial insurance companies and government entities, to cover the reimbursement of products to Healthcare Providers. The Company provides co-payment assistance to patients who have commercial insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements. Revenue from product sales is recognized at the point when a Customer obtains control of the product and the Company satisfies its performance obligation, which generally occurs at the time product is shipped to the Customer. Payment terms differ by jurisdiction and customer, but payment terms typically range from 30 to approximately 90 days from date of shipment and may be extended during the launch period of a new product. Product Sales Discounts and Allowances Revenue from product sales is recorded at the net sales price (“transaction price”), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established and that result from chargebacks, rebates, co-pay assistance, prompt-payment discounts, returns and other allowances that are offered within contracts between the Company and its Customers, Healthcare Providers, payers and GPOs. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions in trade receivables (if the amounts are payable to a Customer) or current liabilities (if the amounts are payable to a party other than a Customer). Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specifically known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted Customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect the best estimates of the amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled based on the terms of its contracts. The amount of variable consideration that is included in the transaction price may be constrained, and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. The actual amount of consideration ultimately received may differ. If actual results in the future vary from the Company’s estimates, the estimates will be adjusted, which will affect net product revenue in the period that such variances become known. Chargebacks: Chargebacks are discounts that occur when Healthcare Providers purchase directly from a Customer. Healthcare Providers, which belong to Public Health Service institutions, non-profit clinics, government entities, GPOs, and health maintenance organizations, generally purchase the product at a discounted price. The Customer, in turn, charges back to the Company the difference between the price initially paid by the Customer and the discounted price paid by the Healthcare Providers to the Customer. The allowance for chargebacks is based on an estimate of sales through to Healthcare Providers from the Customer. Discounts for Prompt Payment: The Company provides for prompt payment discounts to its Customers, which are recorded as a reduction in revenue in the same period that the related product revenue is recognized. Rebates: Rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, other government programs and commercial contracts. Rebate amounts owed after the final dispensing of the product to a benefit plan participant are based upon contractual agreements or legal requirements with these public sector benefit providers. The accrual for rebates is based on statutory or contractual discount rates and expected utilization. The estimates for the expected utilization of rebates are based on Customer and commercially available payer data, as well as data collected from the Healthcare Providers, Customers, GPOs, and historical utilization rates. Rebates invoiced by payers, Healthcare Providers and GPOs are paid in arrears. If actual future rebates vary from estimates, the Company may need to adjust its accruals, which would affect net product revenue in the period of adjustment. Co-payment Assistance: Patients who have commercial insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements may receive co-payment assistance. The calculation of the accrual for co-pay assistance is based on an estimate of claims and the cost per claim that the Company expects to receive associated with product that has been recognized as revenue. Product Returns: The Company offers its Customers a limited product return right, which is principally based upon whether the product is damaged or defective, or the product’s expiration date. Product return allowance is estimated and recorded at the time of sale. Other Allowances: The Company pays fees to Customers and GPOs for account management, data management and other administrative services. To the extent that the services received are distinct from the sale of products to the customer, these payments are classified in selling, general and administrative expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations, otherwise they are included as a reduction in product revenue. Royalty Revenue Royalty revenue from licensees, which is based on sales to third-parties of licensed products, is recorded when the third-party sale occurs and the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Royalty revenue was insignificant for all periods presented and is included in net revenue. Cost of Goods Sold Cost of goods sold consists primarily of third-party manufacturing, distribution, and certain overhead costs. Through March 31, 2021, a portion of the costs of producing UDENYCA sold was expensed as research and development before the FDA approval of UDENYCA and therefore is not reflected in cost of goods sold. All the inventory expensed prior to approval of UDENYCA was fully utilized by March 31, 2021; thus, the costs of producing UDENYCA are fully reflected in cost of goods sold beginning April 1, 2021. On May 2, 2019, the Company and Amgen settled a trade secret action brought by Amgen. As a result, cost of goods sold reflects a mid-single digit royalty on net product revenue, which began on July 1, 2019. The royalty cost will continue for five years pursuant to the settlement. Additionally, the Company shares a percentage of gross profits on sales of Bioeq Licensed Products in the United States with Bioeq in the low to mid fifty percent range. In 2022, 2021 and 2020, cost of goods sold included inventory write-offs, net of $26.0 million, $5.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively. Research and Development Expense Research and development expense represents costs incurred to conduct research, such as the discovery and development of product candidates. The Company recognizes all research and development costs as they are incurred. The Company currently tracks research and development costs incurred on a product candidate basis only for external research and development expenses. The Company’s external research and development expense consists primarily of:
| ● | expense incurred under agreements with collaborators, consultants, third-party CROs, and investigative sites where a substantial portion of the Company’s preclinical studies and all of its clinical trials are conducted;
| ● | costs of acquiring originator comparator materials and manufacturing preclinical study and clinical trial supplies and other materials from CMOs, and related costs associated with release and stability testing;
| ● | costs associated with manufacturing process development activities, analytical activities and pre-launch inventory manufactured prior to regulatory approval being obtained or deemed to be probable; and
| ● | upfront and milestone payments related to licensing and collaboration agreements.
Internal costs are associated with activities performed by the Company’s research and development organization and generally benefit multiple programs. These costs are not separately allocated by product candidate. Unallocated, internal research and development costs consist primarily of:
| ● | personnel-related expense, which include salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation; and
| ● | facilities and other allocated expense, which include direct and allocated expense for rent and maintenance of facilities, depreciation and amortization of leasehold improvements and equipment, laboratory and other supplies.
License Agreements The Company has entered and may continue to enter into license agreements to access and utilize certain technology. To determine whether the licensing transactions should be accounted for as a business combination or as an asset acquisition, the Company makes certain judgments, which include assessing whether the acquired set of activities and assets would meet the definition of a business under the relevant accounting rules. If the acquired set of activities and assets does not meet the definition of a business, the transaction is recorded as an asset acquisition and therefore, any acquired IPR&D that does not have an alternative future use is charged to expense at the acquisition date. To date none of the Company’s license agreements have been considered to be the acquisition of a business. Selling, General and Administrative Expense Selling, general and administrative expense comprises primarily compensation and benefits associated with sales and marketing, finance, human resources, legal, information technology and other administrative personnel, outside marketing, advertising and legal expenses and other general and administrative costs. The Company expenses the cost of advertising, including promotional expenses, as incurred. Advertising expenses were $10.5 million, $8.7 million and $3.8 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Stock-Based Compensation The Company’s compensation programs include stock-based awards, and the related grants under these programs are accounted for at fair value. The fair values are recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period with the related costs recorded in cost of goods sold, research and development, and selling, general and administrative expense, as appropriate. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Income Taxes The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. A valuation allowance is established against deferred tax assets when, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. The Company recognizes uncertain income tax positions at the largest amount that is more likely than not to be sustained upon audit by the relevant taxing authority. The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits from prior years to change significantly in 2023. Operating and Finance Leases ​ The Company determines at an arrangement’s inception whether it is a lease. The Company does not recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to short-term leases. The Company also does not separate lease and non-lease components for its facility and vehicle leases. Operating leases are included in accrued and other current liabilities, other assets, non-current, and lease liabilities, non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise any such options. The Company recognizes operating lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The terms of vehicles leased under the Company’s fleet agreement (“Vehicle Lease Agreement”) are 36 months. The vehicles leased under this arrangement were classified as finance leases. Finance leases are included in property and equipment, net, accrued and other current liabilities, and lease liabilities, non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. Assets under finance leases are depreciated to operating expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The operating and finance lease right-of-use assets and the lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the lease commencement date. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the lease liabilities as the Company's leases generally do not provide an implicit rate. Net (Loss) Income per Share Basic net (loss) income per share is calculated by dividing the net (loss) income by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, without consideration for potential dilutive common shares. Diluted net income per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period plus any potential dilutive common shares outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock method for options, RSUs and ESPP and using the if-converted method for the convertible notes. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period, without consideration for any potential dilutive common share equivalents as their effect would be antidilutive (see Note 13. Net (Loss) Income Per Share). Comprehensive (Loss) Income Comprehensive (loss) income is composed of two components: net (loss) income and other comprehensive (loss) income. Other comprehensive (loss) income refers to gains and losses that are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity (deficit), but are excluded from net (loss) income. The Company’s other comprehensive (loss) income includes unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities and foreign currency translation adjustments in 2022, 2021 and 2020. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts in the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of cash flows have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation in 2022. As a result, there was no change to total assets in the consolidated balance sheets or net cash (used in) provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the prior years. Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company has reviewed recent accounting pronouncements and concluded they are either not applicable to the business or that no material effect is expected on the consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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