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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023

OR

| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ____________

Commission File No. 001-32530

Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 36-3922969
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
24900 Pitkin Road, Suite 309, Spring, Texas | 77386
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)
(847) 966-1000 |
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code) |

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.01 par value per share | PPIH | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company", and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant (the exclusion of the market value of the shares owned by any person shall not be deemed an admission by the registrant that such person is an affiliate of the registrant) was $70,329,129.52 based on the closing sale price of $9.23 per share as reported on the Nasdaq Global Market on July 29, 2022.

The number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding at April 25, 2023 was 8,007,002.

Table of Contents

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant's definitive proxy statement for its 2023 annual meeting of stockholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after January 31, 2023, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Table of Contents

Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc.

FORM 10-K

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item | Page
Part I |
1. | Business | 2
| Products and Services | 2
| Employees | 3
| Information about our Executive Officers | 4
| Available information | 4
1A. | Risk Factors | 5
1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 9
2. | Properties | 9
3. | Legal Proceedings | 9
4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 9
Part II |
5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 10
6. | [Reserved] | 11
7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 11
7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 18
8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 18
9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 18
9A. | Controls and Procedures | 19
9B. | Other Information | 19
9C. | Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 19
Part III |
10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 20
11. | Executive Compensation | 20
12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 20
13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 20
14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 20
Part IV |
15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 20
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB Auditor ID Number 248) | 21
16. | Form 10-K Summary | 53
| Signatures | 54

Table of Contents

PART I

Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward Looking Information

Certain statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "may," "will," "expect," "continue," "remains," "intend," "aim," "should," "prospects," "could," "future," "potential," "believes," "plans," "likely," and "probable," or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, constitute "forward-looking statements," within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), and are subject to the safe harbors created thereby. These statements should be considered as subject to the many risks and uncertainties that exist in the Company's operations and business environment. Such risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected as a result of many factors, including, but not limited to, the following:

Market Condition Risks

| • | fluctuations in the price of oil and natural gas and its impact on customer order volume for the Company's products;
| • | the Company’s ability to purchase raw materials at favorable prices and to maintain beneficial relationships with its suppliers;
| • | decreases in government spending on projects using the Company’s products, and challenges to the Company’s non-government customers’ liquidity and access to capital funds;

Financial Risks

| • | the Company’s ability to repay its debt and renew expiring international credit facilities;

| • | the Company’s ability to effectively execute its strategic plan and achieve sustained profitability and positive cash flows;

| • | the Company's ability to collect a long-term account receivable related to a project in the Middle East;

| • | the Company's ability to interpret and adapt to changes in tax regulations and legislation;

| • | the Company’s ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards;

| • | reversals of previously recorded revenue and profits resulting from inaccurate estimates made in connection with the Company’s "over time" revenue recognition;

| • | the Company’s failure to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting;

Business Condition Risks

| • | the timing of order receipt, execution, delivery and acceptance for the Company’s products;

| • | the Company’s ability to successfully negotiate progress-billing arrangements for its large contracts;

| • | aggressive pricing by existing competitors and the entrance of new competitors in the markets in which the Company operates;
| • | the Company’s ability to manufacture products free of latent defects and to recover from suppliers who may provide defective materials to the Company;

| • | reductions or cancellations of orders included in the Company’s backlog;

| • | risks and uncertainties specific to the Company's international business operations;

General Risks

| • | the Company’s ability to attract and retain senior management and key personnel;
| • | the Company’s ability to achieve the expected benefits of its growth initiatives;

| • | the impact of pandemics and other public health crises on the Company and its operations; and
| • | the impact of cybersecurity threats on the Company’s information technology systems.

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Item 1. BUSINESS

Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc., collectively with its subsidiaries ("PPIH", the "Company" or the "Registrant"), is engaged in the manufacture and sale of products in one reportable segment: Piping Systems. The Company was incorporated in Delaware on October 12, 1993. The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market and reported under the ticker symbol "PPIH". The Company's fiscal year ends on January 31. Years, results and balances described as 2023, 2022 and 2021 are for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2024 and the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

The Company engineers, designs, manufactures and sells specialty piping systems and leak detection systems. Specialty piping systems include: (i) insulated and jacketed district heating and cooling piping systems for efficient energy distribution from central energy plants to multiple locations, (ii) primary and secondary containment piping systems for transporting chemicals, hazardous fluids and petroleum products, (iii) the coating and/or insulation of oil and gas gathering and transmission pipelines, and (iv) liquid and powder based anti-corrosion coatings applied both to the external and internal surfaces of steel pipe, including shapes like bends, reducers, tees, and other spools/fittings used in pipelines for the transportation of oil and gas products and potable water. The Company's leak detection systems are sold with its piping systems or on a stand-alone basis to monitor areas where fluid intrusion may contaminate the environment, endanger personal safety, cause a fire hazard, impair essential services or damage equipment or property.

The Company frequently engineers and custom fabricates to job site dimensions and incorporates provisions for thermal expansion due to cycling temperatures. Most of the Company's piping systems are produced for underground installations and, therefore, require trenching, which is the responsibility of the general contractor, and completed by unaffiliated installation contractors.

The Company’s piping systems are typically sold as a part of discrete projects, and customer demand can vary by reporting period. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

Operating Facilities. The Company operates its business from the following locations:

Perma-Pipe, Inc. | Perma-Pipe Middle East LLC
Niles, IL | Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
New Iberia, LA | Perma-Pipe Middle East FZC
Lebanon, TN | Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
Perma-Pipe Canada, Ltd. | Perma-Pipe Saudi Arabia, LLC
Camrose, Alberta, Canada | Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Perma-Pipe Egypt for Metal Fabrication and Insulation Industries (Perma-Pipe Egypt) S.A.E. | Perma-Pipe India Pvt. Ltd
Beni Suef, Egypt | Gandhidham, India

Customers and sales channels. The Company's customer base is industrially and geographically diverse. In the United States, the Company employs inside and outside sales managers who use and assist a network of independent manufacturers' representatives, none of whom sell products that are competitive with the Company's piping systems. The Company employs a direct sales force to market and sell products and services in Canada, India, Egypt, and in several countries in the Middle East. On a country-by-country basis, and where advantageous, the Company uses an agent network to assist in marketing and selling the Company's products and services.

For the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, no one customer accounted for greater than 10% of the Company's consolidated net sales.

As of January 31, 2023, no one customer accounted for greater than 10% of accounts receivable. As of January 31, 2022, one customer accounted for 11.9% of accounts receivable.

Backlog. The Company’s backlog on January 31, 2023 was $38.5 million compared to $39.3 million on January 31, 2022, most of which is expected to be completed within the year ending January 31, 2024. The Company's backlog has remained consistent year-over-year as completed projects have been replaced with new awards during the year. The Company defines backlog as the expected total revenue value resulting from confirmed customer purchase orders that have not yet been recognized as revenue. However, by industry practice, orders may be canceled or modified at any time. If a customer cancels an order, the customer is normally responsible for all finished goods produced or shipped, all direct and indirect costs incurred, and also for a reasonable allowance for anticipated profits. No assurance can be given that these amounts will be recovered after cancellation. Any cancellation or delay in orders may result in lower than expected revenue from the Company's reported backlog.

Intellectual property. The Company owns various patents covering its piping and electronic leak detection systems, as well as for some of the features of its sensor cables. These patents are not material to the Company either individually or in the aggregate because the Company believes its sales would not be materially reduced if patent protection was not available. The Company owns numerous trademarks connected with its piping and leak detection systems throughout the world.

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Suppliers. The basic raw materials used in production are pipes and tubes made of carbon steel, steel alloys, copper, ductile iron, or polymers and various chemicals such as polyols, isocyanate, urethane resin, polyethylene, and fiberglass, which are mostly purchased in bulk quantities. The Company believes there are currently adequate supplies and sources of availability of these needed raw materials.

The sensor cables used in the Company's leak detection and location systems are manufactured to the Company's specifications by companies regularly engaged in manufacturing such cables. The Company assembles the monitoring component of its leak detection and location systems from components purchased from many sources.

Due to the current inflationary environment, raw material supply shortages and transportation delays, the Company routinely experiences delays and increased prices for raw materials used in the Company's production processes. To mitigate these impacts, the Company has implemented several strategies, including purchasing from alternative suppliers and planning for material purchases further in advance to ensure the Company has materials when needed. The Company also adjusts its pricing to customers to offset the impacts of the raw material price increases. These impacts are expected to continue throughout 2023, and the resulting future disruptions to the Company’s operations are uncertain.

Competition. The piping systems market is highly competitive. The Company believes that quality, service, engineering design capabilities and support, a comprehensive product line, timely execution, plant location and price are key competitive factors in the industry. The Company also believes it has a more comprehensive product line than any competitor.

Research and Development. The Company's research and development efforts primarily focus on activities and development to meet product specifications mandated by its customers and the industry.

Environmental impacts. The Company provides insulated pipe for district energy systems. A district energy system is a highly efficient way to provide heating or cooling to buildings. A central plant produces steam or chilled water that flows through insulated pipes to buildings. The goal of a district energy system is to centralize production to deliver energy efficiency, reduce operating costs, and use less equipment compared to individual buildings with their own boilers and chillers. In addition, district heating and cooling plants can provide better pollution control than localized boilers and cooling equipment.

EMPLOYEES

As of January 31, 2023, the Company had approximately 194 full-time employees working in the United States, of which approximately 77 were under two collective bargaining agreements expiring on April 30, 2023 and March 31, 2025. As of January 31, 2023, there were approximately 473 full-time employees working at the Company's international locations. The Company considers its relationship with its employees to be good.

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INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The following table sets forth information regarding the executive officers of the Company as of April 27, 2023:

|  | Executive officer of the
Name | Offices and Positions; Age | Company since
David J. Mansfield | Director, President and Chief Executive Officer; Age 63 | 2016
Grant Dewbre | Chief Operating Officer; Age 54 | 2021
D. Bryan Norwood | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer; Age 67 | 2018

David J. Mansfield: President, Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and member of the Board of Directors since November 2016. From 2015 to 2016, Mr. Mansfield served as Chief Financial Officer ("CFO") of Compressor Engineering Corp. & CECO Pipeline Services Co., which provides products and services to the gas transmission, midstream, gas processing, and petrochemical industries. In this position, he had overall responsibility for the group’s financial affairs, including the development and execution of turnaround plans and the successful negotiation of a corporate refinancing. From 2009 to 2014, Mr. Mansfield served as CFO and as Acting CEO of Pipestream, Inc., a venture capital-owned technology development company providing a suite of products to the oil and gas pipeline industry. From 1992 to 2009, Mr. Mansfield was employed with Bredero Shaw, the world’s largest provider of protective coatings for the oil and gas pipeline industry, most recently as Vice President Strategic Planning. During his tenure with Bredero Shaw, Mr. Mansfield served in numerous roles including Vice President Controller, and Commercial General Manager, Europe, Africa & the former Soviet Union region, and played a key role in strategy development and merger and acquisition activities as the company grew from annual revenues of $100 million to over $900 million. He is a Fellow member of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.

Grant Dewbre: Appointed Chief Operating Officer in July 2021. Mr. Dewbre was formerly Senior Vice President, Middle East & North Africa for the Company since December 2017. He was responsible for facilities in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates ("U.A.E."), Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Gujarat, India, and Beni Suef, Egypt. Before joining the Company, Mr. Dewbre served as Managing Director for Seaway Heavy Lifting in Houston, Texas, a Dutch offshore construction company, which was part of the Subsea 7 group from July 2015 to November 2017. In addition, he was Senior Vice President for Ceona Offshore, a startup offshore construction specialist company based in London, United Kingdom from December 2013 to June 2015. From March 2004 to November 2013, he held several roles, including project management, sales, and commercial management, in Houston, Texas and Leiden, The Netherlands, for Heerema Marine Contractors, a Dutch offshore construction company specialized in the installation of fixed and floating offshore platforms as well as pipeline installation services. Mr. Dewbre has held various project and plant management and commercial positions in the United States, United Kingdom, Malaysia, Azerbaijan, and at other locations for Bredero Shaw, the world’s largest provider of protective coatings for the oil & gas pipeline industry from October 1992 to February 2004.

D. Bryan Norwood: Appointed Vice President and CFO in November 2018. From 2014 to 2018, Mr. Norwood served as CFO of API Perforating, LLC, an oilfield service company providing stage perforation and wireline services. From 2012 to 2014, Mr. Norwood served as CFO of Dupre’ Energy Services, LLC, an oilfield service company offering multiple services lines. From 2010 to 2012, Mr. Norwood was Vice President Finance for the Environmental Services Division of PSC, LLC, a hazardous waste disposal company. From 1992 to 2010, Mr. Norwood held several senior leadership positions, including CFO of Smith Equipment Rental and Services, LLC, a regional oilfield service provider, Vice President and Treasurer of Key Energy Services, Inc., an oilfield multi-service provider, and Corporate Controller and Vice President Finance-Americas with Bredero Shaw, the world's largest provider of protective coatings for the oil and gas pipeline industry.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The Company files with, and furnishes to, the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") reports, including annual meeting materials, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, as well as amendments thereto. The Company maintains a website, www.permapipe.com, where these reports and related materials are available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files with, or furnishes such material to, the SEC. The information on the Company's website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is not incorporated into this or any other filings by the Company with the SEC.

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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

The Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are subject to various risks, including, but not limited to, those set forth below, which could cause actual results to vary materially from recent results or from anticipated future results. These risk factors should be considered together with information included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Market Condition Risks

The Company's operations and earnings may be significantly affected by changes in oil and gas prices. Oil and gas prices depend on local, regional, and global events or conditions that affect supply and demand. Any material decline in oil or gas prices could have a material adverse effect on the demand for the Company's products, its operations and financial condition.

The Company may be unable to purchase raw materials at favorable prices, or maintain beneficial relationships with its suppliers, which could result in a shortage of supply, or increased pricing. There can be no assurance regarding the availability of supply for key components of the Company's products. The lack of supply of these components could result in an adverse effect on the financial condition of the Company. The steel industry in particular is highly cyclical in nature, and at times, pricing can be highly volatile due to a number of factors beyond the Company's control. The Company utilizes escalation clauses and bid expiration dates to mitigate the impact of this volatility on its earnings. This volatility may negatively impact market conditions thus reducing project activity and the Company's results of operations. If the United States or other countries in which the Company operates impose tariffs on imports of raw materials, including steel, used in the Company's operations, that could have a further adverse impact on our business.

The Company regularly updates its quoting system for the movements in raw material prices and seeks to recover price differentials through increases in the selling price of the Company's products; however, the Company may not always be successful, and any increase in raw material prices that is not offset by an increase in the Company's prices that is accepted by customers could have an adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows. In addition, if the Company is unable to acquire timely raw material supplies, it may need to decline bid and order opportunities, which could also have an adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Due to the current inflationary environment, raw material supply shortages and transportation delays, the Company could experience delays and has incurred increased prices for raw materials used in our production processes. To mitigate these impacts, the Company has implemented several strategies, including purchasing from alternative suppliers and planning for material purchases farther in advance to ensure the Company has materials when needed. The Company also adjusts its pricing to customers to offset the impacts of the raw material price increases. The Company is unable to predict the duration of the current inflationary environment, raw material supply shortages and transportation delays, and the resulting future disruptions to the Company’s operations are uncertain.

Decreases in government spending on projects using the Company’s products, and challenges to the Company’s non-government customers’ liquidity and availability of capital funds, may adversely impact demand for the Company’s products. Decreases in government spending on projects using the Company's products can have a negative impact on the Company's sales volumes. Uncertainty about economic market conditions poses risks that the Company's customers may postpone spending for capital improvement and maintenance projects in response to tighter credit markets or negative financial news, which could have a material adverse effect on the demand for the Company's products.

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Financial Risks

The Company may be unable to maintain compliance with existing debt covenants, repay its debt or renew its expiring international credit facilities. There is a risk that the Company may not be able to remain in compliance with its credit agreement covenants. If there were an event of default under the Company's current revolving credit facilities, the lenders could cause all amounts outstanding with respect to that debt to be due and payable immediately. The Company cannot assure that its cash flow will be sufficient to fully repay amounts due under any of the financing arrangements, if accelerated upon an event of default, or, that the Company would be able to repay, refinance or restructure the payments under any such arrangements. Complying with the covenants under the Company's domestic and/or foreign revolving credit facilities may limit management's discretion by restricting options such as:

| • | incurring additional debt;

| • | entering into transactions with affiliates;

| • | making investments or other restricted payments;

| • | paying dividends, capital returns, intercompany obligations and other forms of repatriation; and
| • | creating liens.

The Company has approximately $4.0 million becoming due in the year ending January 31, 2024 under its various foreign revolving lines of credit. The Company’s credit arrangements used by its Middle Eastern subsidiaries are renewed on an annual basis. In addition to these credit arrangements, the Company also obtains financing in the Middle East on a project-by-project basis. The Company has approximately $1.7 million becoming due in the year ending January 31, 2024 under its project financing agreements. While the Company believes that it will be able to renew its Middle East credit arrangements and will have continued access to individual project financing, there is no assurance that such arrangements will be renewed or made available in similar amounts or on similar terms and conditions as the current arrangements, or that such individual project financing will be available for projects that the Company is interested in pursuing in the future.

Any replacement credit arrangements outside of the United States may further limit the Company’s ability to repatriate funds from abroad. Repatriation of funds from certain countries may become limited based upon regulatory restrictions or economically unfeasible because of the taxation of funds when moved to another subsidiary or to the parent company. In addition, any refinancing, replacement or additional financing the Company may obtain could contain similar or more restrictive covenants than those currently applicable to the Company. The Company’s ability to comply with any covenants may be adversely affected by general economic conditions, political decisions, industry conditions and other events beyond management’s control.

The Company may be unable to achieve sustained levels of profitability or positive cash flows in the future. There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to achieve profitability or positive cash flows in the future. The Company’s inability to successfully achieve profitability and positive cash flows may result in it experiencing a serious liquidity deficiency resulting in material adverse consequences that could threaten its viability.

The Company extended credit to a customer for a project in the Middle East in 2013 and, if the Company is unable to collect this account receivable, its future profitability could be adversely impacted. One of the Company’s accounts receivable in the total amount of $2.7 million and $3.6 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, has been outstanding for several years. As of January 31, 2023, the entire balance represents a retention receivable that is payable upon the commissioning of the system. Due to the long-term nature of the receivable, $2.5 million and $2.0 million were included in other long-term assets as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company completed all of its deliverables in 2015 under the related contract, but the system has not yet been commissioned by the customer as additional activities must be completed prior to the overall system completion and commissioning. Nevertheless, the Company has been engaged in ongoing active efforts to collect this outstanding amount. The Company continues to engage with the customer to ensure full payment of open balances, and during April 2022 received an updated acknowledgment of the outstanding balances and assurances of payment from the customer. During 2022, the Company received a partial payment to settle $0.9 million of the customer's outstanding balance. Further, the Company has been engaged by the customer to perform additional work in the year ending January 31, 2024 under customary trade credit terms that supports the continued cooperation between the Company and the customer. As a result, the Company did not reserve any allowance against this outstanding receivable as of January 31, 2023. However, if the Company’s efforts to collect on this account are not successful, the Company may recognize an allowance for all, or substantially all, of any such then uncollected amounts.

The Company may be impacted by interpretations and changes in tax regulations and legislation which could adversely affect the Company's results of operations. Tax interpretations, regulations, and legislation in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates are subject to measurement uncertainty and the interpretations can impact net income, income tax expense or benefit, and income tax assets or liabilities. Tax rules and regulations, including those relating to foreign jurisdictions, are subject to interpretation and require judgment by the Company that may be challenged by the applicable taxation authorities upon audit. Although the Company believes its assumptions, judgements and estimates are reasonable, changes in tax laws or the Company's interpretation of tax laws and the resolution of any tax audits could significantly impact the amounts provided for income taxes in the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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The Company’s ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited. The Company’s net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards in the U.S. could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities because of their limited duration or because of restrictions under U.S. tax law. As of January 31, 2023, the Company had $34.3 million of gross federal NOLs and $45.5 million of gross state NOLs available to offset the Company’s future taxable income. Of the gross federal NOL amount, $26.9 million will begin to expire between tax years 2033 and 2038 and the remainder has an indefinite carryforward. The state NOLs expire at various dates from 2023 to 2032. In addition, the Company's ability to use its NOLs may be limited in the event of future changes in its stock ownership. As a result, if the Company earns net taxable income, the Company’s ability to use its pre-change NOLs to offset U.S. federal taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in a future tax liability of the Company. In addition, at the state level, there may be periods in the future during which the use of NOLs is suspended or otherwise limited, which could result in a state tax liability which would otherwise not arise.

The Company may be required to reverse previously recorded revenue and profits as a result of inaccurate estimates made in connection with the Company’s "over time" revenue recognition. Certain of the Company's contracts recognize revenues using periodic recognition of income. For these contracts, the Company uses the "over time" accounting method. This methodology allows revenue and profits to be recognized proportionally over the life of a contract by comparing the amount of the cost incurred to date against the total amount of cost expected to be incurred. The effect of revisions to revenue and total estimated cost is recorded when amounts are known or can be reasonably estimated. Revisions can occur at any time and could be material. On a historical basis, management believes that reasonably reliable estimates of the progress towards completion on long-term contracts have been made. However, given the uncertainties associated with these types of contracts, it is possible for actual cost to vary from estimates previously made, which may result in reductions or reversals of previously recorded revenue and profits.

The Company’s failure to establish and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could harm its business and financial results. The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that the Company would prevent or detect a misstatement of its financial statements or fraud.

As of January 31, 2023, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective due to an identified material weakness. The material weakness was regarding the design and operating effectiveness of controls related to the existence of inventory during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Specifically, the Company failed to appropriately perform cycle count procedures at one of the Company's operating facilities, resulting in a significant adjustment during the full physical inventory count at period end. Further, management review of the process and resulting adjustments on a periodic basis failed to identify the issue. The material weakness did not result in any material misstatements to the Company’s consolidated financial statements. A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. If the current material weakness is not remediated, or if additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting are discovered or occur in the future, the Company’s consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements and the Company could be required to restate its financial results. The failure to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting could limit the Company’s ability to report its financial results accurately and in a timely manner or to detect and prevent fraud and could also cause a loss of investor confidence and decline in the market price of the Company’s common stock. See further discussion of the material weakness, including the Company's planned remediation procedures, in Item 9A., Controls and Procedures.

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Business Condition Risks

Delays in the timing of order receipt, execution, delivery and acceptance for the Company’s products generally negatively impact the Company’s operating results. Since the Company's revenues are based on discrete projects, the Company's operating results in any reporting period generally are negatively impacted as a result of large declines in the level of overall market demand or delays in the timing of project execution phases.

The Company may not be able to successfully negotiate progress-billing arrangements for its large contracts, which could adversely impact the Company’s working capital needs, cash flows and credit risk. The Company sells systems and products under contracts that allow the Company to either bill upon the completion of certain agreed upon milestones, or upon actual shipment of the system or product. The Company attempts to negotiate progress-billing milestones on large contracts to help manage its working capital and cash flows, and to reduce the credit risk associated with these large contracts. Consequently, changes in accepted billing terms of contracts could impact the Company's requirements for working capital and cash flows.

Aggressive pricing by existing competitors and the entrance of new competitors in the markets in which the Company operates could drive down the Company's profits and reduce the Company's revenue. The Company's business is highly competitive. Some of the Company's competitors are larger and have more resources than the Company. Additionally, many of the Company's products are also subject to competition from alternative technologies and alternative products. In periods of declining demand, the Company's fixed cost structure may limit its ability to cut costs, which may be a competitive disadvantage compared to companies with more flexible cost structures, or may result in reduced operating margins, operating losses and negative cash flows.

The Company may be subject to claims for damages for defective products. The Company warrants its products to be free of certain defects. The Company has, from time to time, had claims alleging defects in its products. The Company may experience material product liability claims in the future and it could incur significant costs to defend such claims. While the Company currently has product liability insurance that it believes to be sufficient, the Company cannot be certain that its product liability insurance coverage will be adequate for liabilities that may be incurred in the future or that such coverage will continue to be available to the Company on commercially reasonable terms. Any claims relating to defective products that result in liabilities exceeding the Company's insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

The Company may not be able to recover costs and damages from vendors that supply defective materials. The Company may receive defective materials from its vendors that are incorporated into the Company's products during the manufacturing process. While the Company mitigates this risk through contract terms, traceability and specifications, and has recourse to recover from vendors the costs to repair, remake or replace defective products, such costs could be greater than the amount that can be recovered. Such excess costs could have an adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

Product and service orders included in the Company’s backlog may be reduced or cancelled. The Company defines backlog as the revenue value resulting from confirmed customer purchase orders that have not yet been recognized as revenue. However, by industry practice, orders may be canceled or modified at any time. If a customer cancels an order, the customer is normally responsible for all finished goods produced or shipped, all direct and indirect costs incurred and also for a reasonable allowance for anticipated profits. No assurance can be given that these amounts will be recovered after cancellation. Any reduction or cancellation of orders may result in revenues that are lower than expected.

The Company's results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in international regulations and other activities of governmental agencies related to the Company’s operations. International sales represent a significant portion of the Company's total sales. The Company's sales to foreign customers were 63.8% and 66.2% in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company's anticipated growth and profitability may require increasing foreign sales volume and may necessitate further international expansion. The Company's results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies, laws and regulations, other activities of governments, agencies and similar organizations, and other factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, changes in a country's or region's economic or political conditions, trade regulations affecting production, pricing and marketing of products, local labor conditions and regulations, reduced protection of intellectual property rights, changes in the regulatory or legal environment, restrictions on currency exchange activities, burdensome taxes and tariffs and other trade barriers. We cannot predict the impact of changes in foreign policies adopted by the current U.S. administration will have on our business. International risks and uncertainties, including changing social and economic conditions as well as terrorism, political hostilities and war, could lead to reduced international sales and reduced profitability associated with such sales. In addition, these risks can include extraordinarily delayed collections of accounts receivable. Because the Company conducts a significant portion of its business activities in the Gulf Cooperation Council ("GCC"), the political and economic events of the countries that comprise the GCC can have a material effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.

Due to the international scope of the Company’s operations, it is subject to a complex system of commercial and trade regulations around the world. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries are governed by laws, rules and business practices that differ from those of the United States. If the activities of these entities do not comply with U.S. laws or business practices or the Company’s Code of Business Conduct, then violations of these laws may result in severe criminal or civil sanctions, which could disrupt the Company’s business, and result in an adverse effect on the Company’s reputation, business and results of operations or financial condition. The Company cannot predict the nature, scope, or effect of future regulatory requirements to which its operations might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered or interpreted.

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General Risks

The Company may be unable to retain its senior management and key personnel. The Company's ability to meet its strategic and financial goals will depend to a significant extent on the continued contributions of its senior management and key personnel. Future success will also depend in large part on the Company's ability to identify, attract, motivate, effectively utilize and retain highly qualified managerial, sales, marketing and technical personnel. The loss of senior management or other key personnel or the inability to identify, attract and retain qualified personnel in the future could make it more difficult to manage the Company's business and could adversely affect operations and financial results.

The Company may not be able to achieve the expected benefits from its growth initiatives. The Company's cyclical or general expansion may result in unanticipated adverse consequences, including significant strain on management, operations and financial systems, as well as on the Company's ability to attract and retain competent employees. In the future, the Company may seek to grow its business by investing in new or existing facilities, making acquisitions, entering partnerships and joint ventures, or constructing new facilities, which could introduce additional risks, including:

| • | strain on working capital;

| • | diversion of management's attention away from other activities, which could impair the operation of existing businesses;

| • | failure to successfully integrate an acquired business or facility into existing operations;

| • | inability to maintain key pre-acquisition business relationships;

| • | loss of key personnel of an acquired business or facility;

| • | exposure to unanticipated liabilities; and

| • | failure to realize efficiencies, synergies and cost savings.

As a result of these and other factors, including general economic risks, the Company may not be able to realize the expected benefits from future acquisitions, new facility developments, partnerships, joint ventures or other investments.

The Company and its operations may be negatively impacted by pandemics and other public health crises. Pandemics and other public health crises may impact the Company's office locations and manufacturing facilities, as well as those of its customers and third-party vendors, including through the effects of facility closures, reductions in operating hours and other social distancing efforts. The Company’s results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flow may in the future be materially adversely affected by pandemics and other public health crises, although the extent of any such impacts cannot be predicted.

The Company's information technology systems may be negatively affected by cybersecurity threats. The Company faces risks relating to cybersecurity attacks that could cause the loss of confidential information and other business disruptions. The Company relies extensively on computer systems to process transactions and manage its business, and its business is at risk from and may be impacted by cybersecurity attacks. The Company employs a number of measures to prevent, detect and mitigate these threats, which include data and email encryption, strong password management policy, firewall systems, anti-virus software, and frequent backups. However, there is no guarantee such efforts will be successful in preventing a cyber-attack. A successful attack could adversely affect the Company's reputation and results of operations, including through lawsuits by third parties. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company's cybersecurity policies and programs.

Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS - None.

Item 2. PROPERTIES

Location | Leased and/or Owned
Illinois | Leased building and office space
Louisiana | Owned building and leased land
Tennessee | Leased building and office space
Texas | Leased office space
Canada | Owned building with office space on owned land; leased land and leased office space
India | Leased building, office space and land
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | Owned building and office space on leased land
United Arab Emirates | Leased office space and building on leased land; owned building with office space on leased land
Egypt | Leased building and office space

For further information, see Note 6 - Leases, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS - As of January 31, 2023, the Company had no material pending litigation.

Item 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES - Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company's common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "PPIH".

As of April 25, 2023, there were approximately 58 stockholders of record and other additional stockholders for whom securities firms or banks acted as nominees.

The Company has never declared or paid a cash dividend and does not anticipate paying any cash dividends on its common stock in the foreseeable future. Management presently intends to retain all available funds for the development of the Company's business and for use as working capital, including potentially repurchasing its common stock. The Company's credit facilities also restrict dividend payments. Future dividend policy will depend upon the Company's earnings, capital requirements, financial condition, credit agreement restrictions and other relevant factors. For further information, see "Financing" in Item 7 and Note 5 - Debt, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Transfer Agent and Registrar for the Company's common stock is Broadridge Corporate Issuer Solutions, Inc., P.O. Box 1342 Brentwood, NY 11717, (877) 830-4936 or (720) 378-5591.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The Company has not made any sale of unregistered securities during the preceding three fiscal years.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On December 7, 2022 the Board of Directors authorized the use of $1.0 million remaining under the share repurchase program previously approved on October 4, 2021 that expired on October 3, 2022. Share repurchases may be executed through open market or in privately negotiated transactions over the course of the 12 months following the Board of Directors authorization. The repurchase program approved on October 4, 2021 authorized the Company to use up to $3.0 million for the purchase of its outstanding shares of common stock. Stock repurchases were permitted to be executed through open market or privately negotiated transactions, depending upon current market conditions and other factors. In total, the Company used $2.0 million of the $3.0 million authorized to repurchase its outstanding shares of common stock under the program.

On July 26, 2022, the Company retired 239,168 shares of treasury stock previously repurchased under the stock repurchase program. The retirement was recorded as a reduction to common stock based on the par value of the shares, and the excess over par value was recorded as a decrease to retained earnings in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 505-30, Equity - Treasury Stock.

The following table sets forth information with respect to repurchases by the Company of its shares of common stock during 2021 and 2022 (In thousands, except per share data):

Period |  | Total number of shares purchased |  |  | Average price paid per share |  |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  |  | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs |
October 1, 2021 - October 31, 2021 |  |  | 59 |  |  | $ | 8.45 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  | $ | 2,505 |
November 1, 2021 - November 30, 2021 |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 8.55 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 2,323 |
December 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021 |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 7.99 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 1,872 |
January 1, 2022 - January 31, 2022 |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 8.81 |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 1,008 |
July 1, 2022 - July 31, 2022 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 8.85 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 964 |
December 1, 2022 - December 31, 2022 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 8.61 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 939 |
Total |  |  | 242 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 242 |  |  |  |  |

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Item 6. [RESERVED]

Item 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General

Certain statements contained in this Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A"), which can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "may," "will," "expect," "continue," "remains," "intend," "aim," "should," "prospects," "could," "future," "potential," "believes," "plans," "likely," and "probable," or the negative thereof or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act and are subject to the safe harbors created thereby. These statements should be considered as subject to the many risks and uncertainties that exist in the Company's operations and business environment. Such risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected as a result of many factors, including, but not limited to, those under the headings Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward Looking Information and Item 1A. Risk Factors.

The analysis presented below and discussed in more detail throughout this MD&A was organized to provide instructive information for better understanding the Company's results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. However, this MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the notes thereto and the risk factors contained herein. The Company's fiscal year ends on January 31. Years, results and balances described as 2022 and 2021 are for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company is engaged in the manufacture and sale of products in one reportable segment: Piping Systems. Since the Company's revenues are significantly dependent upon discrete projects, the Company's operating results in any reporting period could be negatively impacted as a result of variations in the level of the Company's discrete project orders or delays in the timing of the specific project phases.

Ukraine War

The war in Ukraine and resulting Russian oil and gas boycotts have added to the surge in oil prices which has impacted some of the Company's material and freight costs. However, the Company has not experienced any direct impact from the disruption in this region. The Company does not source materials from this region, nor does it serve this market in any material nature.

Oil and Gas Market

Increases in oil prices helped to improve demand for the Company's products in the oil and gas markets during the year ended January 31, 2023 as compared to the year ended January 31, 2022,the Company's activity level in Canada has increased significantly due to the rise in energy prices. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for additional information.

Liquidity Position

The Company further enhanced its liquidity position on September 17, 2021 when it executed an extension of a Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC"), as administrative agent and lender, providing for a new five-year $18 million Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, subject to a borrowing base including various reserves (the “Renewed Senior Credit Facility”). As of January 31, 2023, the Company had borrowed an aggregate of $4.4 million and had $9.9 million available under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility. See further discussion of the Company's liquidity position as of January 31, 2023 in "Liquidity and capital resources" below. Additionally, as of January 31, 2023, the Company had borrowed $5.7 million and had an additional $10.2 million of borrowing remaining available under its foreign revolving credit arrangements.

Supply Chain Constraints and Inflationary Impacts

Due to the current inflationary environment, raw material supply shortages and transportation delays, the Company could experience delays and has incurred increased prices for raw materials used in the Company's production processes. To mitigate these impacts, the Company has implemented several strategies, including purchasing from alternative suppliers and planning for material purchases further in advance to ensure the Company has materials when needed. The Company also adjusts its pricing to customers to offset the impacts of the raw material price increases. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for additional information.

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Results of Operations

Consolidated Results of Operations:

($ in thousands) |  | Year Ended January 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change favorable/(unfavorable) |
|  | Amount |  |  | Percent of Net Sales |  |  | Amount |  |  | Percent of Net Sales |  |  | Amount |
Net sales |  | $ | 142,569 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 138,552 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,017 |
Gross profit |  |  | 38,301 |  |  |  | 27 | % |  |  | 32,530 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 5,771 |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 21,994 |  |  |  | 15 | % |  |  | 19,893 |  |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | (2,101 | )
Selling expense |  |  | 5,163 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 4,526 |  |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | (637 | )
Interest expense, net |  |  | 2,119 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 828 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,291 | )
Other income |  |  | 533 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,044 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (511 | )
Income before income taxes |  |  | 9,558 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,327 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,231 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 3,613 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,265 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,348 | )
Net income |  |  | 5,945 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,062 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (117 | )

Year ended January 31, 2023 Compared to year ended January 31, 2022

Net sales

Net sales were $142.6 million and $138.6 million in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase of $4.0 million was primarily a result of higher sales volumes in North America and Saudi Arabia.

Gross profit

Gross profit was $38.3 million, or 27% of net sales and $32.5 million, or 23% of net sales, in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase of $5.8 million was driven by higher sales volumes and improved gross margins as a result of the mix of projects globally.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative expenses were $22.0 million and $19.9 million in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase of $2.1 million was primarily related to higher compensation costs.

Selling expenses

Selling expenses were $5.2 million and $4.5 million in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase of $0.7 million was due to the expansion of the Company's sales force in the current period.

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Interest expense, net

Net interest expense was $2.1 million and $0.8 million in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase of $1.3 million was related to increased borrowings and higher interest rates.

Other income, net

Net other income was $0.5 million and $1.0 million in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The current year amount includes income from the release of the Company's liability for a past project and insurance recovery income, partially offset by a non-cash pre-tax settlement charge resulting from the termination of the Company's pension plan. The prior year amount includes the receipt of grants from the Canadian government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Grants to the Company under these programs ended in the second quarter of 2021.

Income taxes

The Company's worldwide effective tax rates ("ETR") were 37.8% and 27.2% in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The change in the ETR was primarily due to additional United States tax expense due to the inclusion of income from foreign jurisdictions with low effective tax rates, inability to recognize tax benefits on losses in the United States due to a full valuation allowance and changes in the mix of income and loss in the various tax jurisdictions.

For further information, see Note 7 - Income taxes, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Net income

Net income was $5.9 million and $6.1 million in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in net income was a result of the changes discussed above.

Liquidity and capital resources

Cash and cash equivalents as of January 31, 2023 were $5.8 million compared to $8.2 million on January 31, 2022. On January 31, 2023 $0.1 million was held in the United States, and $5.7 million was held by the Company's foreign subsidiaries. The Company's working capital was $41.9 million on January 31, 2023 compared to $40.0 million on January 31, 2022. As of January 31, 2023, the Company had $9.9 million of borrowing capacity under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility in North America and $10.2 million of borrowing capacity under its foreign revolving credit agreements. The Company had $4.4 million borrowed under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility and $5.7 million borrowed under its foreign revolving credit agreements at January 31, 2023.

Net cash used in operating activities in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 was $1.2 million and $2.6 million, respectively. This decrease of $1.4 million was due primarily to increases in accounts receivable and prepaid expenses and other current assets, partially offset by increases in accounts payable and accrued compensation and payroll taxes in the current year compared to the prior year.

Net cash used in investing activities in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 was $6.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively. The increase of $4.1 million was primarily due to investment in the Middle East and Canada during the period.

Net cash provided by financing activities in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 was $4.5 million and $6.2 million, respectively. The main source of cash from financing activities during the year ended January 31, 2023 was net proceeds from borrowings of approximately $5.5 million under the Company's credit facilities, as compared to the year ended January 31, 2022, when net proceeds were approximately $0.5 million. Additionally, during the year ended January 31, 2022, the Company received net proceeds of $9.5 million as a result of the sale and leaseback of its land and buildings in Lebanon, Tennessee (the "Property"), partially offset by payment of $4.8 million to settle the mortgage debt. Debt totaled $24.3 million and $21.9 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. For additional information, see Note 5 - Debt, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The Company believes it will have the ability to satisfy all working capital needs and any planned capital expenditures for the twelve months following the issuance of the Consolidated Financial Statements, based on its existing cash on hand, cash flows from operations and available credit facilities.

There was no restricted cash held in the United States on January 31, 2023 or January 31, 2022. Restricted cash held by foreign subsidiaries was $1.0 million and $1.6 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Restricted cash held by foreign subsidiaries related to fixed deposits that also serve as security deposits and guarantees.

The following table summarizes the Company's estimated contractual obligations on January 31, 2023

(In thousands) |  | Year Ending January 31, |
Contractual obligations |  | Total |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | Thereafter |
Revolving line - North America (1) |  | $ | 4,387 |  |  | $ | 4,387 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Mortgage note (2) |  |  | 4,772 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 3,517 |
Revolving lines - foreign (3) |  |  | 5,714 |  |  |  | 5,714 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Long-term finance obligation (4) |  |  | 9,327 |  |  |  | 112 |  |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | 201 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 8,709 |
Term loan - foreign |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Subtotal |  |  | 24,205 |  |  |  | 10,469 |  |  |  | 388 |  |  |  | 419 |  |  |  | 452 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 12,226 |
Finance lease obligations |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Operating lease obligations (5) |  |  | 10,995 |  |  |  | 1,533 |  |  |  | 650 |  |  |  | 443 |  |  |  | 442 |  |  |  | 404 |  |  |  | 7,523 |
Uncertain tax position obligations (6) |  |  | 901 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 901 |
Total |  | $ | 36,246 |  |  | $ | 12,147 |  |  | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 862 |  |  | $ | 894 |  |  | $ | 655 |  |  | $ | 20,650 |

(1) | Interest obligations exclude floating rate interest on debt payable under the North American revolving line of credit. Based on the amount of such debt on January 31, 2023, and the weighted average interest rate of 8.50% on that debt, such interest was being incurred at an annual rate of approximately $0.4 million.

(2) | Scheduled maturities, excluding interest.

(3) | Scheduled maturities of foreign revolver line, excluding interest.
(4) | This schedule represents the cash payments to be made under the lease agreement for the land and buildings sold by the Company in Lebanon, Tennessee and leased back from the purchaser in April 2021. These amounts differ from the liabilities presented as debt in the consolidated balance sheet as the debt amount represents future payments discounted to the present date. Refer to Note 5 - Debt, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the transaction.

(5) | Minimum contractual amounts, assuming no changes in variable expenses.

(6) | Refer to Note 7 - Income taxes, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the uncertain tax position obligations.

Financing

Revolving lines - North America. On September 20, 2018, the Company and certain of its U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries (collectively, together with the Company, the “North American Loan Parties”) entered into a Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC"), as administrative agent and lender, providing for a three-year $18 million Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, subject to a borrowing base including various reserves (the “Senior Credit Facility”).

On September 17, 2021, the North American Loan Parties executed an extension of the Credit Agreement with PNC, providing for a new five-year $18 million senior secured revolving credit facility, subject to a borrowing base including various reserves (the “Renewed Senior Credit Facility”). The Company's obligations under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility are currently guaranteed by Perma-Pipe Canada, Inc. Each of the North American Loan Parties other than Perma-Pipe Canada, Inc. is a borrower under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility (collectively, the “Borrowers”).

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The Borrowers have used and will continue to use borrowings under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility (i) to fund future capital expenditures; (ii) to fund ongoing working capital needs; and (iii) for other corporate purposes, including potentially additional stock repurchases. Borrowings under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to an alternate base rate, London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or a LIBOR successor rate index, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin is based on a fixed charge coverage ratio ("FCCR") range. Interest on alternate base rate borrowings is the alternate base rate (as defined in the Renewed Senior Credit Facility) plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.50%, based on the FCCR in the most recently reported period. Interest on LIBOR or LIBOR successor rate borrowings is the LIBOR rate (as defined in the Renewed Senior Credit Facility) plus an applicable margin ranging from 2.00% to 2.50%, based on the FCCR in the most recently reported period. Additionally, the Borrowers pay a 0.25% per annum facility fee on the unused portion of the Renewed Senior Credit Facility.

Subject to certain exceptions, borrowings under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of the North American Loan Parties’ assets. The Renewed Senior Credit Facility matures on September 20, 2026. Subject to certain qualifications and exceptions, the Renewed Senior Credit Facility contains covenants that, among other things, restrict the North American Loan Parties’ ability to create liens, merge or consolidate, consummate acquisitions, make investments, dispose of assets, incur debt, and pay dividends and other distributions. In addition, the North American Loan Parties may not make capital expenditures in excess of $5.0 million annually, plus a limited carryover of unused amounts. Further, the North American Loan Parties may not make repurchases of the Company's common stock in excess of $3.0 million.

The Renewed Senior Credit Facility also contains a free cash flow financial covenant (the "FCF covenant") requiring the North American Loan Parties to achieve a ratio of its EBITDA to the sum of scheduled cash principal payments on indebtedness for borrowed money and interest payments on the advances under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility to be not less than 1.10 to 1.00 for any five consecutive days in which the undrawn availability is less than $3.0 million or any day in which the undrawn availability is less than $2.0 million. As of January 31, 2023, the calculated ratio was greater than 1.10 to 1.00. In order to cure any future breach of the FCF covenant by the North American Loan Parties, the Company may repatriate cash from any of its foreign subsidiaries that are otherwise not a party to the Renewed Senior Credit Facility in an amount which, when added to the amount of the Company’s Consolidated EBITDA, would result in pro forma compliance with the FCF covenant. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of January 31, 2023.

The Renewed Senior Credit Facility contains customary events of default. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, then PNC may terminate all commitments to extend further credit and declare all amounts outstanding under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility due and payable immediately. In addition, if any of the North American Loan Parties or certain of their subsidiaries become the subject of voluntary or involuntary proceedings under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, then any outstanding obligations under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility will automatically become immediately due and payable. Loans outstanding under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility will bear interest at a rate of 2.00% per annum in excess of the otherwise applicable rate: (i) while a bankruptcy event of default exists; or (ii) upon the lender's request, during the continuance of any other event of default.

As of January 31, 2023, the Company had borrowed an aggregate of $4.4 million at a rate of 8.50% and had $9.9 million available under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility. As of January 31, 2022, the Company had borrowed an aggregate of $0.6 million and had $8.5 million available under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility.

Revolving lines - foreign. The Company also has credit arrangements used by its Middle Eastern subsidiaries in the U.A.E., Egypt, and Saudi Arabia as discussed further below.

The Company has a revolving line for 8.0 million U.A.E. Dirhams (approximately $2.2 million at January 31, 2023) from a bank in the U.A.E. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 8.38%. The facility was renewed in July 2022 and is now set to expire in July 2025.

The Company has a revolving line for 17.5 million U.A.E. Dirhams (approximately $4.8 million at January 31, 2023) from a bank in the U.A.E. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 8.38% and expired in January 2023, however the Company is in the process of renewing it. The Company is in regular communication with the bank throughout the renewal process and the facility has continued without interruption or penalty.

The Company has a credit agreement for project financing with a bank in the U.A.E. for 1.0 million U.A.E. Dirhams (approximately $0.3 million at January 31, 2023). This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in the U.A.E. The line is secured by the contract for a project being financed by the Company's U.A.E. subsidiary. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 8.38% and is expected to expire in June 2023 in connection with the completion of the project.

The Company has a credit agreement for project financing with a bank in the U.A.E. for 2.0 million U.A.E. Dirhams (approximately $0.5 million at January 31, 2023). This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in the U.A.E. The line is secured by the contract for a project being financed by the Company's U.A.E. subsidiary. The facility has an interest rate of approximately ﻿8.38% and is expected to expire in May 2024 in connection with the completion of the project.

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In June 2021, the Company's Egyptian subsidiary entered into a credit arrangement with a bank in Egypt for a revolving line of 100.0 million Egyptian Pounds (approximately $3.3 million at January 31, 2023). This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in Egypt. The line is secured by certain assets (such as accounts receivable) of the Company's Egyptian subsidiary. Among other covenants, the credit arrangement established a maximum leverage ratio allowable and restricted the Company's Egyptian subsidiary's ability to undertake any additional debt. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 8.00% and expired in June 2022, however the Company has started the renewal process for this credit arrangement. The Company is in regular communication with the bank throughout the renewal process and the facility has continued without interruption or penalty.

In December 2021, the Company entered into a credit arrangement for project financing with a bank in Egypt for 28.2 million Egyptian Pounds. As this project has progressed and the Company has made collections, the facility has decreased to a current amount of 11.2 million Egyptian Pounds (approximately $0.4 million at January 31, 2023). This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in Egypt. The line is secured by the contract for a project being financed by the Company's Egyptian subsidiary. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 8.00% and expired in November 2022, however, the Company is in the process of extending it in connection with the completion of the project. The Company is in regular communication with the bank throughout the process and the facility has continued without interruption or penalty.

In August 2022, the Company's Egyptian subsidiary entered into a credit arrangement with a bank in Egypt for a revolving line of 100.0 million Egyptian Pounds (approximately $3.3 million at January 31, 2023). This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in Egypt. The line is secured by certain assets (such as accounts receivable) of the Company's Egyptian subsidiary. Among other covenants, the credit arrangement established a maximum leverage ratio allowable, to be tested annually at fiscal year-end. The facility has an interest rate of approximately ﻿18.25% and is set to expire in August 2023.

In March 2022, the Company's Saudi Arabian subsidiary entered into a credit arrangement with a bank in Saudi Arabia for a revolving line of 25.0 million Saudi Riyal (approximately $6.7 million at January 31, 2023) This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in Saudi Arabia. The line is secured by certain assets (such as accounts receivable) of the Company's Saudi Arabian subsidiary. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 9.15% and is set to expire in ﻿April 2023.

These credit arrangements are in the form of overdraft facilities and project financing at rates competitive in the countries in which the Company operates. The lines are secured by certain equipment, certain assets (such as accounts receivable and inventory), and a guarantee by the Company. Some credit arrangement covenants require a minimum tangible net worth to be maintained, including maintaining certain levels of intercompany subordinated debt. In addition, some of the revolving credit facilities restrict payment of dividends or undertaking of additional debt. The Company guarantees only a portion of the subsidiaries' debt, including foreign debt. As of January 31, 2023, the amount of foreign subsidiary debt guaranteed by the Company was approximately $0.5 million.

The Company was in compliance with the covenants under the credit arrangements in the U.A.E., Egypt and Saudi Arabia as of January 31, 2023, with the exception of those arrangements that have expired and have not yet been renewed. Although certain of the arrangements have expired and the borrowings could be required to be repaid immediately by the banks, the Company is in regular communication with the respective banks throughout the renewal process and all of the arrangements have continued without interruption or penalty. On January 31, 2023, interest rates were based on the Emirates Inter Bank Offered Rate plus 3.00% to 3.50% per annum for the U.A.E. credit arrangements, two of which have a minimum interest rate of 4.50% per annum, based on the stated interest rate in the agreement for the Egypt credit arrangement, and based on the Saudi Inter Bank Offered Rate plus 3.5% for the Saudi Arabia credit arrangement. Based on these base rates, as of January 31, 2023, the Company's interest rates ranged from 8.00% to 18.25%, with a weighted average rate of 10.72%, and the Company had facility limits totaling $21.5 million under these credit arrangements. As of January 31, 2023, $5.6 million of availability was used to support letters of credit to guarantee amounts committed for inventory purchases and for performance guarantees. Additionally, as of January 31, 2023, the Company had borrowed $5.7 million and had an additional $10.2 million of borrowing remaining available under the foreign revolving credit arrangements. The foreign revolving lines balances as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, were included as current maturities of long-term debt in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

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Finance obligation - buildings and land. On April 14, 2021, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement (the "Purchase and Sale Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase and Sale Agreement, the Company sold the Property for $10.4 million. The transaction generated net cash proceeds of $9.1 million. Concurrently with the sale of the Property, the Company paid off the approximately $0.9 million remaining on the mortgage note on the Property to its lender. The Company used the remaining proceeds to repay its borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility, for strategic investments, and for general corporate needs. Concurrent with the sale of the Property, the Company entered into a 15-year lease agreement (the “Lease Agreement”), whereby the Company is leasing back the Property at an annual rental rate of approximately $0.8 million, subject to annual rent increases of 2.00%. Under the Lease Agreement, the Company has four consecutive options to extend the term of the lease by five years for each such option.

In accordance with ASC 842, Leases, this transaction was recorded as a failed sale and leaseback as the present value of lease payments exceeded substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset. The Company utilized an incremental borrowing rate of 8.00% to determine the finance obligation to record for the amounts received and will continue to depreciate the assets. The current portion of the finance obligation of $0.1 million is recognized in current maturities of long-term debt and the long-term portion of $9.2 million is recognized in long-term finance obligation on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2023. The net carrying amount of the financial liability and remaining assets will be zero at the end of the lease term.

Liquidity from Canadian government grants

The Company's subsidiary, Perma-Pipe Canada, Ltd., received relief in the form of grants from the Canadian government of approximately $0.7 million during the year ended January 31, 2022. Grants to the Company ended in the second quarter of 2021 and no additional grants have been received since then. The proceeds from these grants were recognized in other (expense)/income in the consolidated statement of operations.

Accounts receivable

In 2015, the Company completed a project in the Middle East with billings in the aggregate amount of approximately $41.9 million. The system has not yet been commissioned by the customer. Nevertheless, the Company has settled approximately $39.1 million as of January 31, 2023, with a remaining balance due in the amount of $2.7 million, all of which pertains to retention clauses within the agreements with the Company's customer, and which become payable by the customer when this project is fully tested and commissioned. Of this retention amount, $2.5 million is classified in a long-term receivable account.

The Company has been engaged in ongoing active efforts to collect the outstanding amount. The Company continues to engage with the customer to ensure full payment of open balances, and during June 2022 received a partial payment to settle $0.9 million of the customer's outstanding balances. Further, the Company has been engaged by the customer to perform additional work in 2023 under customary trade terms that supports the continued cooperation between the Company and the customer. As a result, the Company did not reserve any allowance against the remaining outstanding balances as of January 31, 2023. However, if the Company’s efforts to collect on this account are not successful, the Company may recognize an allowance for all, or substantially all, of any such then uncollected amounts.

Stock repurchase plan

On December 7, 2022 the Board of Directors authorized the use of $1.0 million remaining under the share repurchase program previously approved on October 4, 2021 that expired on October 3, 2022. Share repurchases may be executed through open market or in privately negotiated transactions over the course of the 12 months following the Board of Directors authorization.

The repurchase program approved on October 4, 2021 authorized the Company to use up to $3.0 million for the purchase of its outstanding shares of common stock. Stock repurchases were permitted to be executed through open market or privately negotiated transactions, depending upon current market conditions and other factors. In total, the Company used $2.0 million of the $3.0 million authorized to repurchase its outstanding shares of common stock under the program.

On July 26, 2022, the Company retired 239,168 shares of treasury stock previously repurchased under the stock repurchase program. The retirement was recorded as a reduction to common stock based on the par value of the shares, and the excess over par value was recorded as a decrease to retained earnings in accordance with ASC 505-30, Equity - Treasury Stock.

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Critical accounting estimates and policies

The Company's significant accounting policies are discussed in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The application of certain of these policies requires significant judgments or a historical based estimation process that can affect the results of operations and financial position of the Company, as well as the related footnote disclosures. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that it believes are reasonable. If actual amounts ultimately differ from previous estimates, the revisions are included in the Company's results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known.

Revenue recognition. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company recognizes revenue for certain contracts when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. Other contracts recognize revenues using periodic recognition of income. For these contracts, the Company uses the "over time" accounting method. Under this approach, income is recognized in each reporting period based on the status of the uncompleted contracts and the current estimates of costs to complete. The amount of revenue recognized is determined by the relationship of costs incurred to the total estimated costs of the contract. Provisions are made for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and income. Such revisions are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Claims for additional compensation due to the Company are recognized in contract revenues when realization is probable, the amount can be reliably estimated and the amount is not subject to reversal. See Note 4 - Revenue recognition, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, for more detail.

Income taxes. Deferred income taxes have been provided for temporary differences arising from differences in the basis of assets and liabilities for tax and financial reporting purposes. Deferred income taxes on temporary differences have been recorded at the current tax rate. The Company assesses its deferred tax assets for realizability at each reporting period. The Company has not recognized any tax benefits on losses in the United States due to a full valuation allowance applied against its deferred tax assets.

The Company recognizes a tax position in its consolidated financial statements only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. For further information, See Note 7 - Income taxes, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

New accounting pronouncements. See Recent accounting pronouncements in Note 2 - Significant accounting policies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK - Not applicable.

Item 8. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The consolidated financial statements of the Company for each of the two years in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 and the notes thereto are set forth as an exhibit hereto.

Item 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE - None.

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Item 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) under the Exchange Act as of January 31, 2023. This evaluation included consideration of the controls, processes and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, the certifying officers have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective because of the material weakness described below under "Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting."

Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. As required by Rule 13a-15(c) under the Exchange Act, the Company's management carried out an evaluation, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2023. The framework on which such evaluation was based is contained in the report entitled Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

The Company's system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Management has identified a material weakness in the Company's internal control over financial reporting regarding the design and operating effectiveness of controls related to the existence of inventory during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. Specifically, the Company failed to appropriately perform cycle count procedures at one of the Company's operating facilities, resulting in a significant adjustment during the full physical inventory count at period end. Further, management review of the process and resulting adjustments on a periodic basis failed to identify the issue. The material weakness did not result in any material misstatements to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

As a result, at January 31, 2023 and on the date of this Annual Report, the Company's internal control over financial reporting is not effective.

Remediation Plan for the Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: To address the material weakness, the Company will do the following:

| • | Hire additional resources and expertise to oversee inventory management;
| • | Engage outside consultants for additional expertise to review current practices and advise management on industry best practices regarding policies and procedures;
| • | Redesign cycle count parameters to ensure higher value and more active inventory parts are counted more frequently and include additional review by finance and accounting personnel to ensure any necessary adjustments are addressed in a timely manner;
| • | Perform full physical inventory counts periodically throughout the year at the Lebanon, Tennessee plant until management determines that other inventory controls are operating effectively to prevent or detect a material misstatement; and
| • | Review and update physical organization of inventory to better identify and segregate inventory.

The Company anticipates the actions described above and resulting improvements in controls will strengthen the Company's processes, procedures and controls related to inventory management and will address the related material weakness described above. However, the material weakness cannot be considered fully remediated until the remediation processes have been in operation for a period of time and successfully tested.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. While the Company continues to implement design enhancements to our internal control procedures, we believe that, other than the changes described above regarding the ongoing remediation efforts, there were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting which were identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ending January 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm. This Annual Report does not contain an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm related to internal control over financial reporting because the rules for smaller reporting companies provide an exemption from the attestation requirement.

Item 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION - Not applicable.

Item 9C. | DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS - Not applicable.

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PART III

Item 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information with respect to this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement for its 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

Information with respect to executive officers of the Company is included in Part I, Item 1, hereof under the caption "Information about our Executive Officers".

Item 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information with respect to this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement for its 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

Item 12. | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides information regarding the number of shares of common stock that may be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights under the Company's equity compensation plans and the weighted average exercise price and number of shares of common stock remaining available for issuance under those plans as of January 31, 2023.

|  | Number of shares to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |  | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |  | Number of shares remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding shares reflected in column (a))
Plan Category |  | (a)(1) |  | (b)(1) |  | (c)(2)
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders |  | 40,100 |  | $10.85 |  | 260,981

(1) The amounts shown in columns (a) and (b) of the above table do not include 267,377 outstanding shares of restricted stock granted under the Company's 2013 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan as amended on June 14, 2013, the 2017 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan as amended on June 13, 2017 ("2017 Plan") or the 2021 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan dated May 26, 2021 ("2021 Plan").

(2) The 2017 Plan expired in June 2020. The 2021 Plan will expire on May 26, 2024.

The other information with respect to this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement for its 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

Item 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information with respect to this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement for its 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

Item 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Information with respect to this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company's definitive proxy statement for its 2023 annual meeting of stockholders.

PART IV

Item 15. | EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

| a. | List of documents filed as part of this report:

| (1) | Financial Statements - Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company

Refer to Part II, Item 8 of this report.

| (2) | Financial Statement Schedules

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

| (3) | Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm (Grant Thornton LLP, Houston, Texas, Auditor Firm ID 248)

| b. | Exhibits: The exhibits, as listed in the Exhibit Index included herein, are submitted as a separate section of this report.

| c. | The response to this portion of Item 15 is submitted under 15a(2) above.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Board of Directors and Stockholders

Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc. (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended January 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended January 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical audit matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Revenue at U.S. operating entities for specialty piping systems and coating is recognized using the input method over time

As described further in Note 2 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s U.S. operating entities record specialty piping and coating systems revenue over time based upon the costs incurred to date relative to the estimated total contract costs. Significant changes in estimates could have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations. We identified revenue being recognized using the input method over time as a critical audit matter.

The principal considerations for our determination that revenue recognition using the input method over time is a critical audit matter are the Company’s estimates include all labor and materials necessary to complete the contract to arrive at the total contract costs. These estimates are based on management’s assessment of the current status of the contract and historical results.

Our audit procedures included the following, among others:

• | Evaluated the design and implementation of controls that are designed to address the reasonableness of estimates of costs to complete contracts;
• | Obtained supporting documentation for a sample of contract costs incurred to date as well as recalculated revenue recognition based on the percentage of completion;
• | Evaluated the reasonableness of management's estimates related to the cost to complete for contracts through testing of the key components of the estimated costs to complete, including: labor, materials, and subcontractor costs;
• | Performed a retrospective review to assess management's historical ability to accurately estimate the transaction price and cost to complete the contracts including investigating significant cost changes; and
• | Obtained confirmations of significant contract terms and status for a sample of contracts.

/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2004.

Houston, Texas

April 27, 2023

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PERMA-PIPE INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

|  | Year ended January 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net sales |  | $ | 142,569 |  |  | $ | 138,552 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 104,268 |  |  |  | 106,022 |
Gross profit |  |  | 38,301 |  |  |  | 32,530 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 21,994 |  |  |  | 19,893 |
Selling expense |  |  | 5,163 |  |  |  | 4,526 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 27,157 |  |  |  | 24,419 |
Income from operations |  |  | 11,144 |  |  |  | 8,111 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 2,119 |  |  |  | 828 |
Other income, net |  |  | 533 |  |  |  | 1,044 |
Income before income tax |  |  | 9,558 |  |  |  | 8,327 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 3,613 |  |  |  | 2,265 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,945 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 7,976 |  |  |  | 8,110 |
Diluted |  |  | 8,116 |  |  |  | 8,395 |
Earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | 0.72 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note: Earnings per share calculations could be impacted by rounding.

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PERMA-PIPE INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

|  | Year ended January 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,945 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |
Other comprehensive (loss)/income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustments, net of tax |  |  | (4,592 | ) |  |  | (357 | )
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax |  |  | 1,247 |  |  |  | 540 |
Other comprehensive (loss)/income |  |  | (3,345 | ) |  |  | 183 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 2,600 |  |  | $ | 6,245 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PERMA-PIPE INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except per share data)

|  | January 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 5,773 |  |  | $ | 8,214 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 1,020 |  |  |  | 1,557 |
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $612 at January 31, 2023 and $486 at January 31, 2022 |  |  | 42,010 |  |  |  | 44,449 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 14,738 |  |  |  | 13,760 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 7,357 |  |  |  | 5,444 |
Unbilled accounts receivable |  |  | 11,634 |  |  |  | 2,656 |
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts |  |  | 3,126 |  |  |  | 2,309 |
Total current assets |  |  | 85,658 |  |  |  | 78,389 |
Long-term assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation |  |  | 26,518 |  |  |  | 24,756 |
Operating lease right-of-use asset |  |  | 4,527 |  |  |  | 11,213 |
Deferred tax assets |  |  | 696 |  |  |  | 811 |
Goodwill |  |  | 2,227 |  |  |  | 2,342 |
Other long-term assets |  |  | 3,340 |  |  |  | 5,890 |
Total long-term assets |  |  | 37,308 |  |  |  | 45,012 |
Total assets |  | $ | 122,966 |  |  | $ | 123,401 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trade accounts payable |  | $ | 14,754 |  |  | $ | 13,618 |
Accrued compensation and payroll taxes |  |  | 1,179 |  |  |  | 1,612 |
Commissions and management incentives payable |  |  | 2,735 |  |  |  | 2,047 |
Revolving line - North America |  |  | 4,387 |  |  |  | 634 |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  |  | 6,227 |  |  |  | 6,750 |
Customers' deposits |  |  | 1,951 |  |  |  | 3,072 |
Outside commission liability |  |  | 2,029 |  |  |  | 1,255 |
Operating lease liability short-term |  |  | 912 |  |  |  | 1,496 |
Other accrued liabilities |  |  | 5,549 |  |  |  | 4,616 |
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts |  |  | 1,743 |  |  |  | 1,277 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 2,324 |  |  |  | 2,020 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 43,790 |  |  |  | 38,397 |
Long-term liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt, less current maturities |  |  | 4,389 |  |  |  | 5,059 |
Long-term finance obligation |  |  | 9,215 |  |  |  | 9,327 |
Deferred compensation liabilities |  |  | 1,608 |  |  |  | 3,379 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  | 909 |  |  |  | 712 |
Operating lease liability long-term |  |  | 4,252 |  |  |  | 11,270 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 1,019 |  |  |  | 800 |
Total long-term liabilities |  |  | 21,392 |  |  |  | 30,547 |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 50,000 shares; 8,004 issued and outstanding at January 31, 2023 and 8,152 issued and outstanding at January 31, 2022 |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 82 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 62,562 |  |  |  | 61,766 |
Treasury stock, 3 shares at January 31, 2023 and 234 shares at January 31, 2022 |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | (1,992 | )
Retained earnings/(accumulated deficit) |  |  | 1,617 |  |  |  | (2,295 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (6,449 | ) |  |  | (3,104 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 57,784 |  |  |  | 54,457 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 122,966 |  |  | $ | 123,401 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PERMA-PIPE INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(In thousands)

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | (Accumulated Deficit)/Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Total Stockholders' Equity |
Total stockholders' equity on January 31, 2021 |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 60,875 |  |  | $ | (8,357 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (3,287 | ) |  | $ | 49,313 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,062 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,062 |
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares used for tax withholding |  |  | - |  |  |  | (210 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (210 | )
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,992 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,992 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,101 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,101 |
Pension liability adjustment |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 540 |  |  |  | 540 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (357 | ) |  |  | (357 | )
Total stockholders' equity on January 31, 2022 |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 61,766 |  |  | $ | (2,295 | ) |  | $ | (1,992 | ) |  | $ | (3,104 | ) |  | $ | 54,457 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,945 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,945 |
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares used for tax withholding |  |  | - |  |  |  | (206 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (206 | )
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (69 | )
Retirement of treasury stock |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,033 | ) |  |  | 2,035 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,002 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,002 |
Pension liability adjustment |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,247 |  |  |  | 1,247 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4,592 | ) |  |  | (4,592 | )
Total stockholders' equity on January 31, 2023 |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 62,562 |  |  | $ | 1,617 |  |  | $ | (26 | ) |  | $ | (6,449 | ) |  | $ | 57,784 |

Common stock shares |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Balances at beginning of year |  |  | 8,151,754 |  |  |  | 8,164,989 |
Treasury stock purchased |  |  | (7,935 | ) |  |  | (234,281 | )
Shares issued, net of shares used for tax withholding |  |  | 94,416 |  |  |  | 221,046 |
Prior year adjustments |  |  | (234,281 | ) |  |  | - |
Balance end of year |  |  | 8,003,954 |  |  |  | 8,151,754 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PERMA-PIPE INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

|  | Year ended January 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 5,945 |  |  | $ | 6,062 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,646 |  |  |  | 4,324 |
Deferred tax expense/(benefit) |  |  | 479 |  |  |  | (195 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 1,002 |  |  |  | 1,101 |
Non-cash pension termination |  |  | 826 |  |  |  | - |
Provision on uncollectible accounts |  |  | 142 |  |  |  | 20 |
Loss on disposal of fixed assets |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 41 |
Gain from insurance recovery |  |  | (565 | ) |  |  | - |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  |  | 1,094 |  |  |  | 3,196 |
Accrued compensation and payroll taxes |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 2,094 |
Inventories |  |  | (1,505 | ) |  |  | (1,618 | )
Proceeds from insurance recovery for inventory |  |  | 539 |  |  |  | - |
Customers' deposits |  |  | (336 | ) |  |  | 990 |
Income taxes receivable and payable |  |  | 450 |  |  |  | 955 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (123 | ) |  |  | (2,205 | )
Accounts receivable |  |  | (3,232 | ) |  |  | (21,331 | )
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts |  |  | (351 | ) |  |  | 2,213 |
Unbilled accounts receivable |  |  | (9,814 | ) |  |  | (351 | )
Other assets and liabilities |  |  | 454 |  |  |  | 2,130 |
Net cash used in operating activities |  |  | (1,241 | ) |  |  | (2,574 | )
Investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (6,975 | ) |  |  | (2,262 | )
Proceeds from insurance recovery for property and equipment |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | - |
Proceeds from sales of property and equipment |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 9 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (6,382 | ) |  |  | (2,253 | )
Financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from revolving lines |  |  | 96,903 |  |  |  | 23,106 |
Payments of debt on revolving lines |  |  | (91,438 | ) |  |  | (22,639 | )
Proceeds from term loan |  |  | - |  |  |  | 23 |
Payments of debt on mortgage |  |  | - |  |  |  | (892 | )
Proceeds from finance obligation, net of issuance costs |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9,538 |
Payments of principal on finance obligation |  |  | (88 | ) |  |  | (124 | )
Payments of other debt |  |  | (263 | ) |  |  | (260 | )
Decrease in drafts payable |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 58 |
Payments on finance lease obligations, net |  |  | (338 | ) |  |  | (375 | )
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | (1,992 | )
Stock options exercised and taxes paid related to restricted shares vested |  |  | (206 | ) |  |  | (210 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 4,543 |  |  |  | 6,233 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | (10 | )
Net (decrease)/increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  |  | (2,978 | ) |  |  | 1,396 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - beginning of period |  |  | 9,771 |  |  |  | 8,375 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash - end of period |  | $ | 6,793 |  |  | $ | 9,771 |
Supplemental cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 2,045 |  |  | $ | 791 |
Income taxes paid |  |  | 2,480 |  |  |  | 1,346 |

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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PERMA-PIPE INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

YEARS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2023 AND 2022

(Tabular amounts presented in thousands, except per share data)

Note 1 - Business information

Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc. ("PPIH", the "Company", or the "Registrant") was incorporated in Delaware on October 12, 1993. The Company is engaged in the manufacture and sale of products in one distinct segment: Piping Systems.

Fiscal year. The Company's fiscal year ends on January 31. Years, results and balances described as 2022 and 2021 are for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Nature of business. The Company engineers, designs, manufactures and sells specialty piping systems, and leak detection systems. Specialty piping systems include: (i) insulated and jacketed district heating and cooling ("DHC") piping systems for efficient energy distribution from central energy plants to multiple locations, (ii) primary and secondary containment piping systems for transporting chemicals, hazardous fluids and petroleum products, and (iii) the coating and/or insulation of oil and gas gathering and transmission pipelines. The Company's leak detection systems are sold with its piping systems or on a stand-alone basis, to monitor areas where fluid intrusion may contaminate the environment, endanger personal safety, cause a fire hazard, impair essential services or damage equipment or property.

Geographic information. Net sales attributed to a geographic area are based on the destination of the product shipment. Sales to foreign customers were 63.8% in 2022 compared to 66.2% in 2021. Long-lived assets are based on the physical location of the assets and consist of property, plant and equipment.

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 51,557 |  |  | $ | 46,770 |
Canada |  |  | 36,482 |  |  |  | 28,302 |
Middle East/North Africa |  |  | 50,432 |  |  |  | 51,543 |
India |  |  | 3,311 |  |  |  | 11,101 |
Europe |  |  | 456 |  |  |  | 194 |
Other |  |  | 331 |  |  |  | 642 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 142,569 |  |  | $ | 138,552 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 5,920 |  |  | $ | 6,415 |
Canada |  |  | 9,290 |  |  |  | 9,750 |
Middle East/North Africa |  |  | 10,677 |  |  |  | 7,595 |
India |  |  | 631 |  |  |  | 996 |
Total property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation |  | $ | 26,518 |  |  | $ | 24,756 |

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Note 2 - Significant accounting policies

Use of estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Revenue recognition. During 2022 and 2021 and in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, the Company recognizes revenue for certain contracts when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services. Other contracts recognize revenues using periodic recognition of income. For these contracts, the Company uses the "over time" accounting method. Under this approach, income is recognized in each reporting period based on the status of the uncompleted contracts and the current estimates of costs to complete. The amount of revenue recognized is determined by the relationship of costs incurred to the total estimated costs of the contract. Provisions are made for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions, and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements, may result in revisions to costs and income. Such revisions are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Claims for additional compensation due to the Company are recognized in contract revenues when realization is probable, the amount can be reliably estimated and the amount is not subject to reversal. See Note 4 - Revenue recognition for more detail.

Shipping and handling. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales, and the amounts invoiced to customers relating to shipping and handling are included in net sales.

Sales tax. Sales tax is reported on a net basis in the consolidated financial statements.

Operating cycle. The length of contracts vary but are typically less than one year. The Company includes in current assets and liabilities amounts realizable and payable in the normal course of contract completion unless completion of such contracts extends significantly beyond one year.

Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its domestic and foreign subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Translation of foreign currency. Assets and liabilities of consolidated foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at year-end. Revenues and expenses are translated at weighted average exchange rates prevailing during the year. The resulting translation adjustments are included in stockholders' equity as part of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses on foreign currency transactions and the related tax effects are reflected in net income. The aggregated foreign exchange transaction loss recognized in the income statement was $0.3 million and $0.1 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Contingencies. The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business, including those involving environmental, tax, product liability and general liability claims. The Company accrues for such liabilities when it is probable that future costs will be incurred and such costs can be reasonably estimated. Such accruals are based on developments to date, the Company's estimates of the outcomes of these matters, and its experience in contesting, litigating and settling other similar matters. The Company does not currently anticipate the amount of any ultimate liability with respect to these matters will materially affect the Company's financial position, liquidity or future operations.

Cash and cash equivalents. All highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents were $5.8 million and $8.2 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. On January 31, 2023, $0.1 million was held in the United States and $5.7 million was held by foreign subsidiaries. On January 31, 2022, less than $0.1 million was held in the United States and $8.2 million was held by foreign subsidiaries.

Accounts payable included drafts payable of $0.2 million on January 31, 2023 and 2022.

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Restricted cash. There was no restricted cash held in the United States on January 31, 2023 or 2022. Restricted cash held by foreign subsidiaries was $1.0 million and $1.6 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Restricted cash held by foreign subsidiaries related to fixed deposits that also serve as security deposits and guarantees.

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 5,773 |  |  | $ | 8,214 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 1,020 |  |  |  | 1,557 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows |  | $ | 6,793 |  |  | $ | 9,771 |

Accounts receivable. The majority of the Company's accounts receivable are due from geographically dispersed contractors and manufacturing companies. Credit is extended based on an evaluation of a customer's financial condition. In the United States, collateral is not generally required. In the United Arab Emirates ("U.A.E."), Saudi Arabia, Egypt and India letters of credit are usually obtained for significant orders. Accounts receivable are due within various time periods specified in the terms applicable to the specific customer and are stated at amounts due from customers net of an allowance for claims and doubtful accounts. Standard payment terms are net 30 days. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on specifically identified amounts in customers' accounts, where future collectability is deemed uncertain. Management may exercise its judgment in adjusting the provision as a consequence of known items, such as current economic factors and credit trends. Past due trade accounts receivable balances are written off when the Company's collection efforts have been unsuccessful in collecting the amount due and the amount is deemed uncollectible. The write off is recorded against the allowance for doubtful accounts.

In 2015, the Company completed a project in the Middle East with billings in the aggregate amount of approximately $41.9 million. The system has not yet been commissioned by the customer. Nevertheless, the Company has settled approximately $39.1 million as of January 31, 2023, with a remaining balance due in the amount of $2.7 million, all of which pertains to retention clauses within the agreements with the Company's customer, and which become payable by the customer when this project is fully tested and commissioned. Of this retention amount, $2.5 million is classified in a long-term receivable account.

The Company has been engaged in ongoing active efforts to collect this outstanding amount. The Company continues to engage with the customer to ensure full payment of open balances, and during June 2022 received a partial payment to settle $0.9 million of the customer's outstanding balances. Further, the Company has been engaged by the customer to perform additional work in 2023 under customary trade terms that supports the continued cooperation between the Company and the customer. As a result, the Company did not reserve any allowance against the remaining outstanding balances as of January 31, 2023. However, if the Company’s efforts to collect on this account are not successful, the Company may recognize an allowance for all, or substantially all, of any such then uncollected amounts.

For the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, no one customer accounted for greater than 10% of the Company's consolidated net sales.

As of January 31, 2023, no one customer accounted for greater than 10% of accounts receivable. As of January 31, 2022, one customer accounted for 11.9% of accounts receivable.

Concentration of credit risk. The Company maintains its U.S. cash in bank deposit accounts at financial institutions that are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC"). Cash balances are below FDIC limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company's foreign cash is held in accounts at multiple institutions in the various countries in which the Company operates, limiting the concentration of risk internationally. The Company has a broad customer base doing business in all regions of the United States as well as other areas in the world.

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Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Accumulated other comprehensive loss represents the change in equity from non-owner transactions and consisted of foreign currency translation and minimum pension liability.

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Equity adjustment foreign currency, gross |  | $ | (6,707 | ) |  | $ | (1,947 | )
Minimum pension liability, gross |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,362 | )
Subtotal excluding tax effect |  |  | (6,707 | ) |  |  | (3,309 | )
Tax effect of equity adjustment foreign currency |  |  | 258 |  |  |  | 91 |
Tax effect of minimum pension liability |  |  | - |  |  |  | 114 |
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | $ | (6,449 | ) |  | $ | (3,104 | )

Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out method for all inventories.

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 14,992 |  |  | $ | 13,909 |
Work in process |  |  | 750 |  |  |  | 426 |
Finished goods |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | 527 |
Subtotal |  |  | 15,945 |  |  |  | 14,862 |
Less allowance |  |  | 1,207 |  |  |  | 1,102 |
Inventories, net |  | $ | 14,738 |  |  | $ | 13,760 |

Long-lived assets. Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Interest is capitalized in connection with the construction of facilities and amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset. Long-lived assets are reviewed for possible impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. If such a review indicates impairment, the carrying amount of such assets is reduced to an estimated fair value.

Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of assets, which range from three to 30 years. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the remaining life of the lease or its useful life, whichever is shorter. Amortization of assets under capital leases is included in depreciation. Depreciation expense was approximately $3.7 million and $4.1 million in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Land, buildings and improvements |  | $ | 22,276 |  |  | $ | 22,748 |
Machinery and equipment |  |  | 54,200 |  |  |  | 50,534 |
Furniture, office equipment and computer systems |  |  | 3,727 |  |  |  | 3,941 |
Transportation equipment |  |  | 2,727 |  |  |  | 2,000 |
Subtotal |  |  | 82,930 |  |  |  | 79,223 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  |  | 56,412 |  |  |  | 54,467 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation |  | $ | 26,518 |  |  | $ | 24,756 |

Impairment of long-lived assets. The Company's assessment of long-lived assets, and other identifiable intangibles is based upon factors that market participants would use in accordance with the accounting guidance for the fair value measurement of assets. At January 31, 2023, the Company performed a qualitative analysis assessment to determine if it was more likely than not that the fair values of the Company's long-lived assets exceeded their carrying values. The Company assessed three asset groups as part of this analysis: United States, Canada and Middle East. The qualitative assessment indicated that it was more likely than not that the fair values of the Company's long-lived assets exceeded their carrying values for all three asset groups. Therefore, it was determined that there was no impairment of the Company's long-lived assets for the year ended January 31, 2023. The Company will continue testing for potential impairment at least annually or as otherwise required by applicable accounting standards.

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Goodwill. The purchase price of an acquired company is allocated between intangible assets and the net tangible assets of the acquired business with the residual of the purchase price recorded as goodwill. All identifiable goodwill as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, is attributable to the purchase of the remaining 50% interest in Perma-Pipe Canada, Ltd., which occurred in 2016.

The movement of the goodwill for the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 2,342 |  |  | $ | 2,332 |
Foreign exchange adjustment |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | 10 |
Balance at end of year |  | $ | 2,227 |  |  | $ | 2,342 |

The Company performs an impairment assessment of goodwill annually as of January 31, or more frequently if triggering events occur, based on the estimated fair value of the related reporting unit or intangible asset. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. At January 31, 2023, the Company elected to perform a qualitative analysis assessment to determine if it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Company's Canadian reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, including goodwill. The qualitative assessment did not identify any triggering events that would indicate potential impairment of the Company's Canadian reporting unit. Therefore, it was determined that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded its carrying value, resulting in no impairment for the year ended January 31, 2023. The Company will continue testing for potential impairment at least annually or as otherwise required by applicable accounting standards.

Other intangible assets with definite lives. The Company owns several patents including those covering features of its piping and electronic leak detection systems. Patents are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over a period not to exceed the legal lives of the patents. The Company expenses costs incurred to renew or extend the term of intangible assets. Gross patents were $2.7 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022. Accumulated amortization was approximately $2.6 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022. Amortization over the next five fiscal years will be less than $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million thereafter. Amortization expense is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of 8.0 years.

Research and development. Research and development expenses consist of materials, salaries and related expenses of engineering personnel and outside services for product development projects. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expense was approximately $0.7 million and $0.4 million in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Income taxes. Deferred income taxes have been provided for temporary differences arising from differences in the basis of assets and liabilities for tax and financial reporting purposes. Deferred income taxes on temporary differences have been recorded at the current tax rate. The Company assesses its deferred tax assets and liabilities for realizability at each reporting period.

The Company recognizes a tax position in its consolidated financial statements only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. For further information, see Note 7 - Income taxes.

One of the base broadening provisions of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("Tax Act") is the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income provisions ("GILTI"). In accordance with guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") staff, the Company has adopted an accounting policy to treat any GILTI inclusions as a period cost if and when incurred. Thus, for the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, deferred taxes were computed without consideration of the possible future impact of the GILTI provisions, and any current year impact was recorded as a part of the current portion of income tax expense.

The Inflation Reduction Act ("IRA") was signed into law in August 2022. The Company has evaluated the provisions of the IRA and does not expect any material impact to its consolidated provision for income taxes.

Fair value of financial instruments. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are based upon reasonable estimates of their fair value due to their short-term nature. The carrying amount of the Company's short-term debt, revolving line of credit and long-term debt approximate fair value because the majority of the amounts outstanding accrue interest at variable rates.

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Net income per common share. Earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding (basic). The Company reported net income in 2022 and 2021. Therefore, the Company adjusted for dilutive shares in 2022 and 2021, assuming conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share. The dilutive shares are in the following table:

Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding (in thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  | 7,976 |  |  |  | 8,110 |
Dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 285 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding assuming full dilution |  |  | 8,116 |  |  |  | 8,395 |
Restricted stock and stock options not included in the computation of diluted EPS of common stock because the option exercise prices exceeded the average market prices |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | 39 |
Canceled options during the year |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | (33 | )
Restricted stock and stock options with an exercise price below the average stock price |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 285 |

Equity-based compensation. The Company issues or has issued various types of stock-based awards to employees and directors: restricted stock, deferred stock and stock options. Non-cash compensation expense associated with restricted stock is based on the fair value of the common stock at the date of grant, and amortized using the straight line method over the vesting period. Compensation expense associated with deferred stock which has been awarded to the Board of Directors (non-employee) is based upon the fair value of the common stock at the date of grant, and since the grant vests immediately it is expensed on the date of the grant. Stock compensation expense for stock options is recognized ratably over the requisite service period of the award. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model is utilized to estimate the fair value of option awards.

Treasury Stock. In accordance with ASC 505, Equity, the Company accounted for share repurchases pursuant to its repurchase program under the cost method. This resulted in recognizing the shares as treasury stock, a reduction of stockholders' equity on the Company's consolidated balance sheets and on the Company's consolidated statements of stockholders' equity. These amounts included costs associated with the acquisition of the shares. On July 26, 2022, the Company retired 239,168 shares of treasury stock previously repurchased under the stock repurchase program. The retirement was recorded as a reduction to common stock based on the par value of the shares, and the excess over par value was recorded as a decrease to retained earnings in accordance with ASC 505-30, Equity - Treasury Stock.

Segments. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance the Company’s Chief Executive Officer is the CODM, and he uses a combination of several management reports, including the Company's financial information in determining how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company has determined that it operates in one segment.

Recent accounting pronouncements. In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which provides guidance designed to provide relief from the accounting analysis and impacts that may otherwise be required for modifications to agreements necessitated by the scheduled discontinuation of the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") on December 31, 2021. It also provides optional expedients to enable companies to continue to apply hedge accounting to certain hedging relationships impacted by reference rate reform. The ASU provides the option to account for and present a modification that meets the scope of the standard as an event that does not require contract remeasurement at the modification date or reassessment of a previous accounting determination required under the relevant topic or subtopic. This ASU is effective for all entities; however, application of the guidance is optional, is only available in certain situations and is only available for companies to apply from March 12, 2020 until December 31, 2022. The Company's Renewed Senior Credit Facility which matures on September 20, 2026, bears interest at a rate equal to an alternate base rate, the LIBOR or a LIBOR successor rate index, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. Based on the inclusion of the LIBOR successor rate index in the Renewed Senior Credit Facility, there was no material impact on the Company's financial statements from the adoption of this standard.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The new guidance affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off-balance-sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. A recently adopted amendment has delayed the effective date until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating this standard and does not expect a material impact to the financial statements of the Company.

The Company evaluated other recent accounting pronouncements and does not expect them to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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Note 3 - Retention

A retention receivable is a portion of an outstanding receivable balance amount withheld by a customer until a contract is fully completed as specified in the contract. Retention receivables of $2.4 million and $2.8 million were included in the balance of trade accounts receivable as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. A retention receivable of $2.9 million and $4.3 million was included in the balance of other long-term assets as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, due to the long-term nature of the receivables. See Note 2 - Accounts receivable for further information regarding the future realization of these long-term balances.

Note 4 - Revenue recognition

The Company accounts for its revenues under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

Revenue from contracts with customers

The Company defines a contract as an agreement that has approval and commitment from both parties, defined rights and identifiable payment terms, which ensures the contract has commercial substance and that collectability is reasonably assured.

The Company’s standard revenue transactions are classified into two main categories:

| 1) | Systems and Coating - which include all bundled products in which Perma-Pipe engineers, and manufactures pre-insulated specialty piping systems, insulates subsea flowline pipe, subsea oil production equipment, and land-lines. Additionally, this systems classification also includes coating applied to pipes and structures.

| 2) | Products - which include cables, leak detection products, heat trace products, material/goods not bundled with piping or flowline systems, and field services not bundled into a project contract.

In accordance with ASC 606-10-25-27 through 29, the Company recognizes specialty piping and coating systems revenue over time as the manufacturing process progresses because one of the following conditions exist:

| 1) | the customer owns the material that is being insulated or coated, so the customer controls the asset and thus the work-in-process; or

| 2) | the customer controls the work-in-process due to the custom nature of the pre-insulated, fabricated system being manufactured as evidenced by the Company’s right to payment for work performed to date plus profit margin for products that have no alternative use to the Company.

Products revenue is recognized when goods are shipped or services are performed (ASC 606-10-25-30).

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A breakdown of the Company's revenues by revenue class for the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | Sales |  |  | % to Total |  |  | Sales |  |  | % to Total |
Products |  | $ | 14,626 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  | $ | 13,575 |  |  |  | 10 | %
Specialty Piping Systems and Coating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue recognized under input method |  |  | 44,648 |  |  |  | 31 | % |  |  | 44,778 |  |  |  | 32 | %
Revenue recognized under output method |  |  | 83,295 |  |  |  | 59 | % |  |  | 80,199 |  |  |  | 58 | %
Total |  | $ | 142,569 |  |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 138,552 |  |  |  | 100 | %

The input method as noted in ASC 606-10-55-20 is used by certain U.S. operating entities to measure revenue by the costs incurred to date relative to the estimated costs to satisfy the contract over time. Generally, these contracts are considered a single performance obligation satisfied over time and due to the custom nature of the goods and services, the "over time" method is the most faithful depiction of the Company’s performance as it measures the value of the goods and services transferred to the customer. Costs include all material, labor, and direct costs incurred to satisfy the performance obligations of the contract. Revenue recognition begins when projects costs are incurred.

The output method as noted in ASC 606-10-55-17 is used by all other operating entities to measure revenue by the direct measurement of the outputs produced relative to the remaining goods promised under the contract. Due to the types of end customers, generally these contracts require formal inspection protocols or specific export documentation for units produced, or produced and shipped, therefore, the output method is the most faithful depiction of the Company’s performance. Depending on the conditions of the contract, revenue may be recognized based on units produced, inspected and held by the Company prior to shipment or on units produced, inspected and shipped.

Some of the Company’s operating entities invoice and collect milestones or other contractual obligations prior to the transfer of goods and services, but do not recognize revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied under the methods discussed above.

Contract modifications that occur prior to the start of the manufacturing process will supersede the original contract and revenue is recognized using the modified contract value. Contract modifications that occur during the manufacturing process (changes in scope of work, job performance, material costs, and/or final contract settlements) are recognized in the period in which the revisions are known. Provisions are made for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts in the contract liabilities account in the period in which such losses are determined.

Contract assets and liabilities

Contract assets represent revenue recognized in excess of amounts billed for contract work in progress for which the Company has a valid contract and an enforceable right to payment for work completed. Contract liabilities represent billings in excess of costs for contract work in progress for which the Company has a valid contract and an enforceable right to payment for work completed. Both customer billings and the satisfaction (or partial satisfaction) of the performance obligation(s) occur throughout the manufacturing process and impact the period end balances in these accounts.

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The Company anticipates that substantially all costs incurred for uncompleted contracts as of January 31, 2023 will be billed and collected within one year.

The following table shows the reconciliation of the cost in excess of billings:

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts |  | $ | 18,342 |  |  | $ | 20,021 |
Estimated earnings |  |  | 9,370 |  |  |  | 12,030 |
Earned revenue |  |  | 27,712 |  |  |  | 32,051 |
Less billings to date |  |  | 26,329 |  |  |  | 31,019 |
Costs in excess of billings, net |  | $ | 1,383 |  |  | $ | 1,032 |
Balance sheet classification |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contract assets: Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings on uncompleted contracts |  | $ | 3,126 |  |  | $ | 2,309 |
Contract liabilities: Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts |  |  | (1,743 | ) |  |  | (1,277 | )
Costs in excess of billings, net |  | $ | 1,383 |  |  | $ | 1,032 |

Substantially all of the $1.3 million and $0.8 million contract liabilities balances at January 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were recognized in revenues during 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Unbilled accounts receivable:

The Company has recorded $11.6 million and $2.7 million of unbilled accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, from revenues generated by its subsidiaries in the Middle East and North Africa. The Company has fulfilled all performance obligations and has recorded revenue under the respective contracts. The deliverables under these contracts have been accepted by the customer and billings will be made once the customer takes possession of or arranges shipping for the products. The Company anticipates that substantially all of the amounts included in unbilled accounts receivable as of January 31, 2023 will be billed within one year.

Practical expedients:

Costs to obtain a contract are not considered project costs as they are not usually incremental, nor does job duration span more than one year. The Company applies the practical expedient for these types of costs and as such are expensed in the period incurred.

As the Company's contracts are less than one year, the Company has applied the practical expedient regarding disclosure of the aggregate amount and future timing of performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied as of the end of the reporting period.

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Note 5 - Debt

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Revolving line - North America |  | $ | 4,387 |  |  | $ | 634 |
Mortgage note |  |  | 4,772 |  |  |  | 5,257 |
Revolving lines - foreign |  |  | 5,714 |  |  |  | 6,049 |
Term loan - foreign |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 33 |
Finance lease obligations |  |  | 9,472 |  |  |  | 9,944 |
Total debt |  |  | 24,350 |  |  |  | 21,917 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (132 | ) |  |  | (147 | )
Less current maturities |  |  | 10,614 |  |  |  | 7,384 |
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 13,604 |  |  | $ | 14,386 |

The following table summarizes the Company's scheduled maturities on January 31:

(In thousands) |  | Total |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | Thereafter |
Revolving line - North America |  | $ | 4,387 |  |  | $ | 4,387 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |
Mortgage note |  |  | 4,772 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 3,517 |
Revolving lines - foreign |  |  | 5,714 |  |  |  | 5,714 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Long-term finance obligation |  |  | 9,327 |  |  |  | 112 |  |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | 201 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 8,709 |
Term loan - foreign |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Finance lease obligations |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 24,350 |  |  | $ | 10,614 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 419 |  |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | 12,226 |

Revolving lines - North America. On September 20, 2018, the Company and certain of its U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries (collectively, together with the Company, the “North American Loan Parties”) entered into a Revolving Credit and Security Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with PNC Bank, National Association ("PNC"), as administrative agent and lender, providing for a three-year $18 million Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility, subject to a borrowing base including various reserves (the “Senior Credit Facility”).

On September 17, 2021, the North American Loan Parties executed an extension of the Credit Agreement with PNC, providing for a new five-year $18 million senior secured revolving credit facility, subject to a borrowing base including various reserves (the “Renewed Senior Credit Facility”). The Company's obligations under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility are currently guaranteed by Perma-Pipe Canada, Inc. Each of the North American Loan Parties other than Perma-Pipe Canada, Inc. is a borrower under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility (collectively, the “Borrowers”).

The Borrowers have used and will continue to use borrowings under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility (i) to fund future capital expenditures; (ii) to fund ongoing working capital needs; and (iii) for other corporate purposes, including potentially additional stock repurchases. Borrowings under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to an alternate base rate, LIBOR or a LIBOR successor rate index, plus, in each case, an applicable margin. The applicable margin is based on a fixed charge coverage ratio ("FCCR") range. Interest on alternate base rate borrowings is the alternate base rate (as defined in the Renewed Senior Credit Facility) plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.50%, based on the FCCR in the most recently reported period. Interest on LIBOR or LIBOR successor rate borrowings is the LIBOR rate (as defined in the Renewed Senior Credit Facility) plus an applicable margin ranging from 2.00% to 2.50%, based on the FCCR in the most recently reported period. Additionally, the Borrowers pay a 0.25% per annum facility fee on the unused portion of the Renewed Senior Credit Facility.

Subject to certain exceptions, borrowings under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of the North American Loan Parties’ assets. The Renewed Senior Credit Facility matures on September 20, 2026. Subject to certain qualifications and exceptions, the Renewed Senior Credit Facility contains covenants that, among other things, restrict the North American Loan Parties’ ability to create liens, merge or consolidate, consummate acquisitions, make investments, dispose of assets, incur debt, and pay dividends and other distributions. In addition, the North American Loan Parties may not make capital expenditures in excess of $5.0 million annually, plus a limited carryover of unused amounts. Further, the North American Loan Parties may not make repurchases of the Company's common stock in excess of $3.0 million.

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The Renewed Senior Credit Facility also contains a free cash flow financial covenant (the "FCF covenant") requiring the North American Loan Parties to achieve a ratio of its EBITDA to the sum of scheduled cash principal payments on indebtedness for borrowed money and interest payments on the advances under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility to be not less than 1.10 to 1.00 for any five consecutive days in which the undrawn availability is less than $3.0 million or any day in which the undrawn availability is less than $2.0 million. As of January 31, 2023, the calculated ratio was greater than 1.10 to 1.00. In order to cure any future breach of the FCF covenant by the North American Loan Parties, the Company may repatriate cash from any of its foreign subsidiaries that are otherwise not a party to the Renewed Senior Credit Facility in an amount which, when added to the amount of the Company’s Consolidated EBITDA, would result in pro forma compliance with the FCF covenant. The Company was in compliance with these covenants as of January 31, 2023.

The Renewed Senior Credit Facility contains customary events of default. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, then PNC may terminate all commitments to extend further credit and declare all amounts outstanding under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility due and payable immediately. In addition, if any of the North American Loan Parties or certain of their subsidiaries become the subject of voluntary or involuntary proceedings under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, then any outstanding obligations under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility will automatically become immediately due and payable. Loans outstanding under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility will bear interest at a rate of 2.00% per annum in excess of the otherwise applicable rate (i) while a bankruptcy event of default exists or (ii) upon the lender's request, during the continuance of any other event of default.

As of January 31, 2023, the Company had borrowed an aggregate of $4.4 million at a rate of 8.50% and had $9.9 million available under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility. As of January 31, 2022, the Company had borrowed an aggregate of $0.6 million and had $8.5 million available under the Renewed Senior Credit Facility.

Finance obligation - buildings and land. On April 14, 2021, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement (the "Purchase and Sale Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase and Sale Agreement, the Company sold the Property for $10.4 million. The transaction generated net cash proceeds of $9.1 million. Concurrently with the sale of the Property, the Company paid off the approximately $0.9 million remaining on the mortgage note on the Property to its lender. The Company used the remaining proceeds to repay its borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility, for strategic investments, and for general corporate needs. Concurrent with the sale of the Property, the Company entered into a 15-year lease agreement (the “Lease Agreement”), whereby the Company is leasing back the Property at an annual rental rate of approximately $0.8 million, subject to annual rent increases of 2.00%. Under the Lease Agreement, the Company has four consecutive options to extend the term of the lease by five years for each such option.

In accordance with ASC 842, Leases, this transaction was recorded as a failed sale and leaseback as the present value of lease payments exceeded substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset. The Company utilized an incremental borrowing rate of 8.00% to determine the finance obligation to record for the amounts received and will continue to depreciate the assets. The current portion of the finance obligation of $0.1 1 million is recognized in current maturities of long-term debt and the long-term portion of $9.2 million is recognized in long-term finance obligation on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2023. The net carrying amount of the financial liability and remaining assets will be zero at the end of the lease term.

Revolving lines - foreign. The Company also has credit arrangements used by its Middle Eastern subsidiaries in the U.A.E., Egypt, and Saudi Arabia as discussed further below.

The Company has a revolving line for 8.0 million U.A.E. Dirhams (approximately $2.2 million at January 31, 2023) from a bank in the U.A.E. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 8.38%. The facility was renewed in July 2022 and is now set to expire in July 2025.

The Company has a revolving line for 17.5 million U.A.E. Dirhams (approximately $4.8 million at January 31, 2023) from a bank in the U.A.E. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 8.38% and expired in January 2023, however the Company is in the process of renewing it. The Company is in regular communication with the bank throughout the renewal process and the facility has continued without interruption or penalty.

The Company has a credit agreement for project financing with a bank in the U.A.E. for 1.0 million U.A.E. Dirhams (approximately $0.3 million at January 31, 2023). This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in the U.A.E. The line is secured by the contract for a project being financed by the Company's U.A.E. subsidiary. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 8.38% and is expected to expire in June 2023 in connection with the completion of the project.

The Company has a credit agreement for project financing with a bank in the U.A.E. for 2.0 million U.A.E. Dirhams (approximately $0.5 million at January 31, 2023). This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in the U.A.E. The line is secured by the contract for a project being financed by the Company's U.A.E. subsidiary. The facility has an interest rate of approximately ﻿8.38% and is expected to expire in May 2024 in connection with the completion of the project.

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In June 2021, the Company's Egyptian subsidiary entered into a credit arrangement with a bank in Egypt for a revolving line of 100.0 million Egyptian Pounds (approximately $3.3 million at January 31, 2023). This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in Egypt. The line is secured by certain assets (such as accounts receivable) of the Company's Egyptian subsidiary. Among other covenants, the credit arrangement established a maximum leverage ratio allowable and restricted the Company's Egyptian subsidiary's ability to undertake any additional debt. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 8.00% and expired in June 2022, however the Company has started the renewal process for this credit arrangement. The Company is in regular communication with the bank throughout the renewal process and the facility has continued without interruption or penalty.

In December 2021, the Company entered into a credit arrangement for project financing with a bank in Egypt for 28.2 million Egyptian Pounds. As this project has progressed and the Company has made collections, the facility has decreased to a current amount of 11.2 million Egyptian Pounds (approximately $0.4 million at January 31, 2023). This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in Egypt. The line is secured by the contract for a project being financed by the Company's Egyptian subsidiary. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 8.00% and expired in November 2022, however, the Company is in the process of extending it in connection with the completion of the project. The Company is in regular communication with the bank throughout the process and the facility has continued without interruption or penalty.

In August 2022, the Company's Egyptian subsidiary entered into a credit arrangement with a bank in Egypt for a revolving line of 100.0 million Egyptian Pounds (approximately $3.3 million at January 31, 2023). This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in Egypt. The line is secured by certain assets (such as accounts receivable) of the Company's Egyptian subsidiary. Among other covenants, the credit arrangement established a maximum leverage ratio allowable, to be tested annually at fiscal year-end. The facility has an interest rate of approximately ﻿18.25% and is set to expire in August 2023.

In March 2022, the Company's Saudi Arabian subsidiary entered into a credit arrangement with a bank in Saudi Arabia for a revolving line of 25.0 million Saudi Riyal (approximately $6.7 million at January 31, 2023) This credit arrangement is in the form of project financing at rates competitive in Saudi Arabia. The line is secured by certain assets (such as accounts receivable) of the Company's Saudi Arabian subsidiary. The facility has an interest rate of approximately 9.15% and is set to expire in ﻿April 2023.

These credit arrangements are in the form of overdraft facilities and project financing at rates competitive in the countries in which the Company operates. The lines are secured by certain equipment, certain assets (such as accounts receivable and inventory), and a guarantee by the Company. Some credit arrangement covenants require a minimum tangible net worth to be maintained, including maintaining certain levels of intercompany subordinated debt. In addition, some of the revolving credit facilities restrict payment of dividends or undertaking of additional debt. The Company guarantees only a portion of the subsidiaries' debt, including foreign debt. As of January 31, 2023, the amount of foreign subsidiary debt guaranteed by the Company was approximately $0.5 million.

The Company was in compliance with the covenants under the credit arrangements in the U.A.E., Egypt and Saudi Arabia as of January 31, 2023, with the exception of those arrangements that have expired and have not yet been renewed. Although certain of the arrangements have expired and the borrowings could be required to be repaid immediately by the banks, the Company is in regular communication with the respective banks throughout the renewal process and all of the arrangements have continued without interruption or penalty. On January 31, 2023, interest rates were based on the Emirates Inter Bank Offered Rate plus 3.0% to 3.5% per annum for the U.A.E. credit arrangements, two of which have a minimum interest rate of 4.5% per annum, based on the stated interest rate in the agreement for the Egypt credit arrangement, and based on the Saudi Inter Bank Offered Rate plus 3.5% for the Saudi Arabia credit arrangement. Based on these base rates, as of January 31, 2023, the Company's interest rates ranged from 8.00% to 18.25%, with a weighted average rate of 10.72%, and the Company had facility limits totaling $21.5 million under these credit arrangements. As of January 31, 2023, $5.6 million of availability was used to support letters of credit to guarantee amounts committed for inventory purchases and for performance guarantees. Additionally, as of January 31, 2023, the Company had borrowed $5.7 million and had an additional $10.2 million of borrowing remaining available under the foreign revolving credit arrangements. The foreign revolving lines balances as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, were included as current maturities of long-term debt in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

Mortgages. On July 28, 2016, the Company entered into a mortgage agreement secured by the Company's manufacturing facility located in Alberta, Canada that matures on December 23, 2042. As of January 31, 2023, the remaining balance on the mortgage in Canada is approximately 6.4 million Canadian Dollars ("CAD") (approximately $4.8 million at January 31, 2023). The interest rate is variable, and was 8.30% at January 31, 2023. Principal payments began in January 2018.

On June 19, 2012, the Company borrowed $1.8 million under a mortgage note secured by its manufacturing facility in Lebanon, Tennessee. The proceeds were used for repayment of amounts borrowed. On April 14, 2021, the Company entered into the Purchase and Sale Agreement discussed above. Concurrently with the sale, the Company paid off the approximately $0.9 million remaining on the mortgage note on the Property to its lender.

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Note 6 - Leases

The Company accounts for its leases under ASC 842, Leases. Under this guidance, arrangements meeting the definition of a lease are classified as operating or financing leases, and are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, operating lease liabilities short-term, and operating lease liabilities long-term in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, current maturities of long-term debt, and long-term debt less current maturities in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets represent the Company's right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company's obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the ROU asset is amortized over the lease term. For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the ROU asset result in straight-line rent expense over the lease term. For finance leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the ROU asset results in front-loaded expense over the lease term. Variable lease expenses are recorded when incurred. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term.

As most of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.

In calculating the ROU asset and lease liability, the Company elects to combine lease and non-lease components. The Company excludes short-term leases having initial terms of 12 months or less from the new guidance as an accounting policy election, and recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Operating Leases. In August 2020, the Company entered into a new lease in Abu Dhabi for land upon which the Company has built a production facility. The annual payments are approximately 1.2 million U.A.E. Dirhams (approximately $0.3 million at January 31, 2023), inclusive of rent and common charges, with escalation clauses in the agreement. Rent payments were deferred until August 2022 and have now commenced. The lease expires in August 2050.

In March and December 2022, the Company served Notices of Termination to its lessor for the Company's lease of the land and buildings in Fujairah in the U.A.E. The Company served the Notices of Termination in connection with the Company's intended relocation to a different facility in Abu Dhabi. The Company vacated portions of the leased space in December 2022 and is expected to vacate the remaining space in April 2023. The first Notice of Termination required that the Company pay an additional amount equal to three months' rent after that termination to enable the lessor to prepare the assets for lease by another party. As a result of the termination, the Company has recognized adjustments to the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements as of January 31, 2023. The termination resulted in decreases of $0.4 million, $6.0 million and $5.5 million to operating lease liability short-term, operating lease liability long-term and operating lease right-of-use asset, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets as of January 31, 2023. The termination also resulted in a decrease in rent expense of $1.1 million in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended January 31, 2023.

Finance Leases. In 2019, the Company obtained two finance leases for a total of CAD 1.1 million (approximately $0.8 million at the prevailing exchange rates on the transaction dates) to finance vehicle equipment. The interest rates for these finance leases were 8.0% per annum with monthly principal and interest payments of less than $0.1 million. These leases mature in August 2023.

The Company has several significant operating lease agreements, with lease terms of one to 30 years, which consist of real estate, vehicles and office equipment leases. These leases do not require any contingent rental payments, impose any financial restrictions or contain any residual value guarantees. Certain of the Company’s leases include renewal options and escalation clauses; renewal options have not been included in the calculation of the lease liabilities and ROU assets as the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise the options. Variable expenses generally represent the Company’s share of the landlord’s operating expenses. The Company does not have any arrangements where it acts as a lessor, other than one sub-lease arrangement.

At January 31, 2023, the Company had total operating lease liabilities of $5.2 million and operating ROU assets of $4.5 million, which are reflected in the consolidated balance sheet. At January 31, 2023, the Company also had finance lease liabilities of $0.2 million included in current maturities of long-term debt and long-term debt less current maturities, and finance ROU assets of $0.5 million which were included in property plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation in the consolidated balance sheet.

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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases follows (in thousands):

Operating and Finance leases: |  | January 31, 2023 |  |  | January 31, 2022 |
Finance leases assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property and Equipment - gross |  | $ | 1,161 |  |  | $ | 1,221 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | (700 | ) |  |  | (490 | )
Property and Equipment - net |  | $ | 461 |  |  | $ | 731 |
Finance lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance lease liability short-term |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 357 |
Finance lease liability long-term |  |  | - |  |  |  | 173 |
Total finance lease liabilities |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 530 |
Operating lease assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease ROU assets |  | $ | 4,527 |  |  | $ | 11,213 |
Operating lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease liability short-term |  | $ | 912 |  |  | $ | 1,496 |
Operating lease liability long-term |  |  | 4,252 |  |  |  | 11,270 |
Total operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 5,164 |  |  | $ | 12,766 |

Total lease costs consist of the following (in thousands):

Lease costs | Consolidated Statements of Operations Classification |  | Three Months Ended January 31, 2023 |  |  | Year Ended January 31, 2023 |  |  | Year Ended January 31, 2022 |
Finance Lease Costs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of ROU assets | Cost of sales |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 214 |
Interest on lease liabilities | Interest expense |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 69 |
Operating lease costs | Cost of sales, SG&A expenses |  |  | 610 |  |  |  | 1,388 |  |  |  | 2,570 |
Short-term lease costs (1) | Cost of sales, SG&A expenses |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 421 |  |  |  | 398 |
Sub-lease income | SG&A expenses |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | (81 | )
Total Lease costs |  | $ | 689 |  |  | $ | 1,989 |  |  | $ | 3,170 |

(1) Includes variable lease costs, which are immaterial

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):

|  | Year Ended January 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financing cash flows from finance leases |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | 375 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 69 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  |  | 1,839 |  |  |  | 3,097 |
ROU Assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases liabilities |  | $ | 143 |  |  | $ | 121 |

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Weighted-average lease terms discount rates are as follows:

|  | January 31, 2023 |  |  | January 31, 2022 |
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases |  |  | 0.5 |  |  |  | 1.5 |
Operating leases |  | 19.6 |  |  |  | 13.5 |
Weighted-average discount rates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases |  |  | 12.0 | % |  |  | 9.1 | %
Operating leases |  |  | 8.2 | % |  |  | 7.4 | %

On January 31, 2023, future minimum annual rental commitments under non-cancelable lease obligations were as follows (in thousands):

Year: |  | Operating Leases |  |  | Finance Leases |
For the year ended January 31, 2024 |  | $ | 1,533 |  |  | $ | 168 |
For the year ended January 31, 2025 |  |  | 650 |  |  |  | - |
For the year ended January 31, 2026 |  |  | 443 |  |  |  | - |
For the year ended January 31, 2027 |  |  | 442 |  |  |  | - |
For the year ended January 31, 2028 |  |  | 404 |  |  |  | - |
Thereafter |  |  | 7,523 |  |  |  | - |
Total lease payments |  |  | 10,995 |  |  |  | 168 |
Less: amount representing interest |  |  | (5,831 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Total lease liabilities at January 31, 2023 |  | $ | 5,164 |  |  | $ | 164 |

Rental expense for operating leases was $1.7 million and $3.0 million for the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The Company has several significant operating lease agreements as follows:

| • | Office space of approximately 31,650 square feet in Niles, IL is leased until October 2023.

| • | Production facilities and office space of approximately 139,000 square feet in Lebanon, Tennessee is leased until December 31, 2035.
| • | Five acres of land in Louisiana is leased through March 2027.

| • | Twenty acres of land in Canada leased through December 2022 which was extended to April 2023.

| • | Nine acres of land in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is leased through April 2030.

| • | Production facilities in the U.A.E. of approximately 80,200 square feet on approximately 107,600 square feet of land is leased until June 2030.

| • | Office space of approximately 21,500 square feet and land for production facilities of approximately 423,000 square feet in the U.A.E. is leased until July 2032.

| • | Production facilities in the U.A.E. of approximately 78,100 square feet is leased until December 2032.
| • | Approximately fourteen acres of land in the U.A.E. is leased through August 2050.

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Note 7 - Income taxes

Income/(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes (in thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Domestic (1) |  | $ | (5,392 | ) |  | $ | (3,357 | )
Foreign |  |  | 14,950 |  |  |  | 11,684 |
Total |  | $ | 9,558 |  |  | $ | 8,327 |

(1) The domestic loss from continuing operations before income taxes includes corporate overhead costs.

Components of income tax expense/(benefit) (in thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 1 |
Foreign |  |  | 2,971 |  |  |  | 2,317 |
State and other |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | 144 |
Total current income tax expense |  |  | 3,134 |  |  |  | 2,462 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Foreign |  |  | 479 |  |  |  | (197 | )
State and other |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Total deferred income tax expense/(benefit) |  |  | 479 |  |  |  | (197 | )
Total income tax expense |  | $ | 3,613 |  |  | $ | 2,265 |

As a result of the onetime transition tax from the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”), the Company estimates that distributions from foreign subsidiaries will no longer be subject to incremental U.S. tax as they will either be remittances of previously taxed earnings and profits or eligible for a full dividends received deduction. Current and future earnings in the Company's subsidiaries in Canada and Egypt are not permanently reinvested. Earnings from these subsidiaries are subject to tax in their local jurisdiction, and withholding taxes in these jurisdictions are considered. The Company's liability was $0.6 million and $0.2 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to these taxes.

U.S. income and foreign withholding taxes have not been recognized on the excess of the amount for financial reporting over the tax basis of investments in foreign subsidiaries that is indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. The Company intends to permanently reinvest the undistributed earnings of its Middle Eastern and Indian subsidiaries. The Middle Eastern and Indian subsidiaries have unremitted earnings of $28.2 million and $8.4 million, respectively, as of January 31, 2023, all of which has been subject to the transition tax in the United States. Unremitted earnings of $22.8 million in the United Arab Emirates would not be subject to withholding tax in the event of a distribution, and $5.4 million of unremitted earnings in Saudi Arabia would be subject to withholding tax of $0.3 million. The Company has not recorded a deferred tax liability related to any financial reporting basis over tax basis related to the investment in these foreign subsidiaries as it is not practical to estimate.

The Inflation Reduction Act ("IRA") was signed into law in August 2022. The Company has evaluated the provisions of the IRA and does not expect any material impact to its consolidated provision for income taxes.

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The difference between the provision for income taxes and the amount computed by applying the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21% was as follows:

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Tax expense at federal statutory rate |  | $ | 2,007 |  |  | $ | 1,749 |
State expense, net of federal income tax effect |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 148 |
Deferred compensation adjustment |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | 456 |
Domestic valuation allowance |  |  | (590 | ) |  |  | (636 | )
Domestic return to provision |  |  | 390 |  |  |  | (6 | )
Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income inclusion |  |  | 1,206 |  |  |  | 742 |
Valuation allowance for state NOLs |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | (29 | )
Differences in foreign tax rate |  |  | (410 | ) |  |  | (430 | )
Deferred tax on unremitted earnings |  |  | 438 |  |  |  | (55 | )
Foreign withholding taxes |  |  | 304 |  |  |  | 178 |
Research tax credit |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 80 |
Pension Settlement |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | - |
All other, net expense |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | 68 |
Total income tax expense/(benefit) |  | $ | 3,613 |  |  | $ | 2,265 |

The Company's worldwide effective tax rates ("ETR") were 37.8% and 27.2% in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The change in the ETR was primarily due to additional tax expense for the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income inclusion, the absence of recognizing tax benefits on losses in the United States due to a full valuation allowance and changes in the mix of income and loss in the various tax jurisdictions.

Components of deferred income tax assets (in thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
U.S. Federal NOL carryforward |  | $ | 7,197 |  |  | $ | 8,424 |
Deferred compensation |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 350 |
Research tax credit |  |  | 2,258 |  |  |  | 2,573 |
Foreign NOL carryforward |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | 448 |
Foreign tax credit |  |  | 2,580 |  |  |  | 2,580 |
Stock compensation |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 62 |
Other accruals not yet deducted |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | 276 |
State NOL carryforward |  |  | 2,744 |  |  |  | 2,730 |
Accrued commissions and incentives |  |  | 851 |  |  |  | 483 |
Inventory valuation allowance |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 116 |
Lease liability |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | 418 |
Other |  |  | 165 |  |  |  | 17 |
Deferred tax assets, gross |  |  | 17,122 |  |  |  | 18,477 |
Valuation allowance |  |  | (15,993 | ) |  |  | (16,905 | )
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances |  | $ | 1,129 |  |  | $ | 1,572 |
Components of the deferred income tax liability |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation |  | $ | (415 | ) |  | $ | (643 | )
Foreign subsidiaries unremitted earnings |  |  | (591 | ) |  |  | (231 | )
Prepaid |  |  | (70 | ) |  |  | (54 | )
Accrued pension |  |  | - |  |  |  | (159 | )
Right of use asset |  |  | (266 | ) |  |  | (386 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | (1,342 | ) |  | $ | (1,473 | )
Deferred tax (liability)/asset, net |  | $ | (213 | ) |  | $ | 99 |
Balance sheet classification |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term assets |  | $ | 696 |  |  | $ | 811 |
Long-term liability |  |  | (909 | ) |  |  | (712 | )
Total deferred tax assets/(liabilities), net of valuation allowances |  | $ | (213 | ) |  | $ | 99 |

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As of January 31, 2023 the Company had a deferred tax asset of $7.2 million related to gross U.S. Federal net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards of $34.3 million, of which $26.9 million will expire between tax years 2033 and 2038, with the remainder not subject to expiration. As of January 31, 2023 the Company had a deferred tax asset of $2.7 million related to gross state NOLs of $45.5 million that expire between 2023 and 2032 As of January 31, 2023 the Company had a deferred tax asset of $0.3 million related to gross foreign NOLs of $1.6 million for its subsidiary in Saudi Arabia, which can be carried forward indefinitely and does not have a valuation allowance recorded against it. The ultimate realization of the tax benefit is dependent upon the future generation of operating income in the respective tax jurisdictions.

The Company periodically reviews the adequacy of its valuation allowance in all of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates, evaluates future sources of taxable income and tax planning strategies and may make further adjustments based on management's outlook for continued profits in each jurisdiction.

Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit the use of the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the domestic cumulative loss incurred over the three-year period ended January 31, 2023. Such objective evidence limits the ability to consider other subjective evidence, such as our projections for future growth.

On the basis of this evaluation, as of January 31, 2023, a full valuation allowance was recorded against the domestic deferred tax assets. The amount of the domestic deferred tax assets considered realizable, however, could be increased if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as our projections for future growth.

The Company has a deferred tax asset of $2.6 million for U.S. foreign tax credits after considering the impact of the repatriated foreign earnings and the one-time transition tax. The foreign tax credit deferred tax asset is fully offset with a valuation allowance. The excess foreign tax credits are subject to a ten-year carryforward and will begin to expire on January 31, 2026.

The following table summarizes uncertain tax position ("UTP") activity, excluding the related accrual for interest and penalties:

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 1,611 |  |  | $ | 1,591 |
Decreases in positions taken in a prior period |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4 | )
Increases in positions taken in a current period |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | 66 |
Decreases due to lapse of statute of limitations |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (8 | )
Decreases due to settlements |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (34 | )
Balance at end of year |  | $ | 1,673 |  |  | $ | 1,611 |

Included in the total UTP liability were estimated accrued interest and penalties of $0.3 million and $0.2 million as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These non-current income tax liabilities are recorded in other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and recognized as an expense during the period. The Company's policy is to include interest and penalties in income tax expense. On January 31, 2023, the Company did not anticipate any significant adjustments to its unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months. Included in the balance on January 31, 2023 were amounts offset by deferred taxes (i.e. temporary differences) or amounts that could be offset by refunds in other taxing jurisdictions (i.e., corollary adjustments). Upon reversal, $0.9 million of the amount accrued on January 31, 2023 would impact the future ETR.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states and foreign jurisdictions. Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require significant judgment to apply. Tax years related to January 31, 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022 are open for federal and state tax purposes. In addition, federal and state tax years January 31, 2004 through January 31, 2010, are subject to adjustment on audit, up to the amount of research tax credit generated in those years. Any NOL carryover can still be adjusted by the Internal Revenue Service in future year audits.

The Company's management periodically estimates the probable tax obligations of the Company using historical experience in tax jurisdictions and informed judgments. There are inherent uncertainties related to the interpretation of tax regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company transacts business. The judgments and estimates made at a point in time may change based on the outcome of tax audits, as well as changes to or further interpretations of regulations. If such changes take place, there is a risk that the tax rate may increase or decrease in any period. Tax accruals for tax liabilities related to potential changes in judgments and estimates for federal, foreign and state tax issues are included in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet.

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Note 8 - Retirement plans

Pension plan

The defined benefit plan (the "Pension Plan") that covered the hourly rate employees of a non-operating filtration business unit, previously located in Winchester, Virginia, was frozen on June 30, 2013 per the third Amendment to the Pension Plan dated May 15, 2013. The accrued benefit of each participant was frozen as of the freeze date, and no further benefits accrued with respect to any service or hours of service after the freeze date. The benefits were based on fixed amounts multiplied by years of service of participants. The Company engaged outside actuaries to calculate its obligations and costs.

During the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved the termination of the Pension Plan. The Company provided participants of the Pension Plan an option to elect either a lump sum distribution or an annuity. A group annuity contract was purchased with an insurance company for all participants who did not elect a lump sum distribution. That insurance company became responsible for administering and paying pension benefit payments effective December 1, 2022.

During the year ended January 31, 2023, the Company recognized a non-cash pre-tax settlement charge of $0.9 million, within other income/(expense) in the consolidated statements of operations in connection with the Pension Plan termination process, which represents the acceleration of deferred charges previously included within accumulated other comprehensive loss and the impact of remeasuring the Pension Plan assets and obligations at termination. In addition, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $0.1 million for the year ended January 31, 2023, to reclassify the tax effects in accumulated other comprehensive loss upon completion of the termination of the Pension Plan. The Pension Plan termination did not require a cash outlay by the Company. Upon completion of the termination and settlement processes, the Company expects a remaining pension surplus investment balance of approximately $0.9 million.

Asset allocation

The Pension Plan holds no securities of Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc.; 100% of the assets are held for benefits under the Pension Plan. The fair value of the major categories of the Pension Plan's investments are presented below. The FASB has established a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (2) an entity's own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 - Inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Level 1 market value of plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 4,119 |
U.S. bond market |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,544 |
Real estate securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 322 |
Subtotal |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,985 |
Level 2 significant other observable inputs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market fund |  | $ | 895 |  |  | $ | 321 |
Subtotal |  |  | 895 |  |  |  | 321 |
Investments measured at net asset value* |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 829 |
Total |  | $ | 917 |  |  | $ | 7,135 |

* Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented in the reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status of the Pension Plan.

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On January 31, 2023, the Pension Plan assets were held 100% in cash.

Investment market conditions in 2022 resulted in $0.5 million loss on plan assets, computed as the actual return as presented below less the expected return, which decreased the fair value of plan assets at year end.

Reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status of plan (in thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Accumulated benefit obligations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vested benefits |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 6,448 |
Accumulated benefits |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 6,448 |
Change in benefit obligation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation - beginning of year |  | $ | 6,448 |  |  | $ | 7,090 |
Interest cost |  |  | 141 |  |  |  | 173 |
Actuarial gain |  |  | (220 | ) |  |  | (511 | )
Benefits paid |  |  | (259 | ) |  |  | (304 | )
Lump sum benefits paid |  |  | (5,531 | ) |  |  | - |
Reimbursement of premiums |  |  | 112 |  |  |  | - |
Effect of settlement/curtailment |  |  | (691 | ) |  |  | - |
Benefit obligation - end of year |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 6,448 |
Change in plan assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets - beginning of year |  | $ | 7,135 |  |  | $ | 7,016 |
Actual (loss) gain on plan assets |  |  | (540 | ) |  |  | 423 |
Benefits paid |  |  | (259 | ) |  |  | (304 | )
Lump sum benefits paid |  |  | (5,531 | ) |  |  | - |
Reimbursement of premiums |  |  | 112 |  |  |  | - |
Fair value of plan assets - end of year |  | $ | 917 |  |  | $ | 7,135 |
Over-funded/(unfunded) status |  | $ | 917 |  |  | $ | 688 |
Balance sheet classification |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 917 |  |  | $ | 322 |
Other assets |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,050 |
Deferred compensation liabilities |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,684 | )
Net amount recognized |  | $ | 917 |  |  | $ | 688 |
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrecognized actuarial loss |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,362 |
Net amount recognized |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,362 |

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost and benefit obligations |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
End of year benefit obligation discount rate |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | 3.00 | %
End of year net periodic benefit cost discount rate |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | 2.50 | %
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | 7.50 | %

In connection with the termination of the Pension Plan, participants elected either a lump sum payment or annuity. For those electing lump sum payouts, the benefit obligation was based on rates determined as of the beginning of the plan year, in accordance with the plan document. For those electing annuity payouts, the benefit obligation was determined by the annuity provider.

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Components of net periodic benefit cost (in thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Interest cost |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | 173 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | - |  |  |  | (514 | )
Recognized actuarial loss |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 119 |
Net periodic benefit expense/(income) |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | (222 | )
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial gain/(loss) on obligation |  | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | 511 |
Settlement/plan termination |  |  | 1,518 |  |  |  | - |
Actual gain/(loss) on plan assets |  |  | (540 | ) |  |  | (90 | )
Amounts recognized in current year |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 119 |
Total in other comprehensive income |  | $ | 1,247 |  |  | $ | 540 |

Other comprehensive income is also affected by the tax effect of the valuation allowance recorded on the domestic deferred tax assets. During the year ended January 31, 2023, there was an actuarial loss of $0.3 million. This actuarial loss is comprised of an asset loss of $0.5 million and liability gain of $0.2 million. The liability gain is primarily the result of demographic gains. During the year ended January 31, 2022, there was an actuarial gain of $0.4 million. This actuarial gain is comprised of an asset loss of $0.1 million and liability gain of $0.5 million. The liability gain is the combination of: (i) a gain due to a 50 basis point increase in the discount rate, (ii) a loss resulting from an update to the mortality improvement assumption and (iii) other demographic gains.

Due to the termination of the Pension Plan there are no expected employer contributions.

401(k) plan

The domestic employees of the Company participate in the PPIH 401(k) Employee Savings Plan, which is applicable to all employees except employees covered by collective bargaining agreement benefits. The plan allows employee pretax payroll contributions from 1% to 16% of total compensation. The Company matches 100% of each participant's payroll deferral contributions up to 1% of their compensation, plus 50% of each participant's payroll deferral contributions on the next 5% of compensation.

Contributions to the 401(k) plan were $0.3 million each in the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022.

Multi-employer plans

The Company contributes to a multi-employer plan for certain collective bargaining U.S. employees. The risks of participating in this multi-employer plan are different from a single employer plan in the following aspects:

| • | Assets contributed to the multi-employer plans by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers.

| • | If a participating employer ceases contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be inherited by the remaining participating employers.

| • | If the Company chooses to stop participating in the multi-employer plan, the Company may be required to pay those plans an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.

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The Company has assessed and determined that the multi-employer plans to which it contributes are not significant to the Company's consolidated financial statements. The Company does not expect to incur a withdrawal liability or expect to significantly increase its contribution over the remainder of the contract period. The Company made contributions to the bargaining unit supported multi-employer pension plans (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | FIP/RP Status |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  | Surcharge |
Plan Name |  | EIN |  |  | Plan # |  | Funded Zone Status | Pending/Implemented |  | Contribution |  |  | Contribution |  | Imposed | Collective Bargaining Expiration Date
Plumbers & Pipefitters Local 572 Pension Fund |  | 62-6102837 |  |  | 001 |  | Yellow | No |  | $178 |  |  | $172 |  | No | 3/31/2025

Note 9 - Stock-based compensation

The Company’s 2017 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan dated June 13, 2017, as amended, which the Company's stockholders approved in June 2017 ("2017 Plan"), expired in June 2020.

The Company has prior incentive plans under which previously granted awards remain outstanding, including the 2017 Plan, but under which no new awards may be granted. At January 31, 2023, the Company had reserved a total of 307,475 shares for grants and issuances under these incentive stock plans, which includes a reserve for issuances pursuant to unvested or unexercised prior awards.

While the 2017 Plan provided for the grant of deferred shares, non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted shares, restricted stock units, and performance-based restricted stock units intended to qualify under section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code, the Company issued only restricted shares and restricted stock units under the 2017 Plan. The 2017 Plan authorized awards to officers, employees, consultants, and independent directors.

The Company's 2021 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan dated May 26, 2021 was approved by the Company's stockholders in May 2021 ("2021 Plan"). The 2021 Plan will expire in May 2024. The 2021 Plan authorizes awards to officers, employees, consultants and independent directors. Grants were made to the Company's employees, officers and independent directors under the 2021 Plan, as described below.

Stock compensation expense

The Company has granted stock-based compensation awards to eligible employees, officers or independent directors. The Company recognized the following stock-based compensation expense for the periods presented:

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Restricted stock based compensation expense |  | $ | 1,002 |  |  | $ | 1,101 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 1,002 |  |  | $ | 1,101 |

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Stock options

The Company did not grant any stock options during the years ended January 31, 2023 or 2022. The following tables summarizes the Company's stock option activity:

(Shares in thousands) |  | Options |  |  | Weighted average exercise price |  |  | Weighted average remaining contractual term |  |  | Aggregate intrinsic value |
Outstanding on January 31, 2021 |  |  | 107 |  |  | $ | 9.24 |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Exercised |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 6.16 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expired or forfeited |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | 9.36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding on January 31, 2022 |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 9.51 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 63 |
Options exercisable on January 31, 2022 |  |  | 67 |  |  | $ | 9.51 |  |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 63 |
Exercised |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 6.66 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expired or forfeited |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | 10.85 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding on January 31, 2023 |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 10.85 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 19 |
Options exercisable on January 31, 2023 |  |  | 40 |  |  | $ | 10.85 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 19 |

There was no vesting, expiration or forfeiture of previously unvested stock options during the year ended January 31, 2023. As of January 31, 2023, there were no remaining unvested stock options outstanding, and therefore no unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options.

Deferred stock

As part of their compensation, in previous years the Company granted deferred stock units to each non-employee director, equal to the result of dividing the award amount by the fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. The stock vests on the date of grant; however, it is distributed to the directors only upon their separation from service. During the year ended January 31, 2023, 34,873 deferred stock units were distributed. There were approximately 62,926 and 97,799 deferred stock units outstanding included in the restricted stock activity shown below as of January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Restricted stock

The Company has granted restricted stock to executive officers, independent directors, and employees. The restricted stock vests ratably over one to four years. The Company calculates restricted stock compensation expense based on the grant date fair value and recognizes expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the years ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively:

(Shares in thousands) |  | Restricted shares |  |  | Weighted average price |  |  | Aggregate intrinsic value |
Outstanding on January 31, 2021 |  |  | 372 |  |  | $ | 7.62 |  |  | $ | 2,843 |
Granted |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 7.14 |  |  |  |  |
Issued |  |  | (113 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  |  | (43 | ) |  |  | 7.47 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding on January 31, 2022 |  |  | 353 |  |  | $ | 7.48 |  |  | $ | 2,652 |
Granted |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 10.96 |  |  |  |  |
Issued |  |  | (147 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  |  | (42 | ) |  |  | 6.87 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding on January 31, 2023 |  |  | 267 |  |  | $ | 8.55 |  |  | $ | 2,286 |

The fair value of vested restricted stock was $1.2 million and $1.1 million in the year ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively. As of January 31, 2023, there was $1.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock granted under the plans. That cost is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

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Note 10 - Interest expense, net

(In thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Interest expense |  |  | 2,243 |  |  |  | 918 |
Interest income |  |  | 124 |  |  |  | 90 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 2,119 |  |  |  | 828 |

Note 11 - Treasury stock

On December 7, 2022 the Board of Directors authorized the use of $1.0 million remaining under the share repurchase program previously approved on October 4, 2021 that expired on October 3, 2022. Share repurchases may be executed through open market or in privately negotiated transactions over the course of the 12 months following the Board of Directors authorization. The repurchase program approved on October 4, 2021 authorized the Company to use up to $3.0 million for the purchase of its outstanding shares of common stock. Stock repurchases were permitted to be executed through open market or privately negotiated transactions, depending upon current market conditions and other factors. In total, the Company used $2.0 million of the $3.0 million authorized to repurchase its outstanding shares of common stock under the program.

On July 26, 2022, the Company retired 239,168 shares of treasury stock previously repurchased under the stock repurchase program. The retirement was recorded as a reduction to common stock based on the par value of the shares, and the excess over par value was recorded as a decrease to retained earnings in accordance with ASC 505-30, Equity - Treasury Stock.

The following table sets forth information with respect to repurchases by the Company of its shares of common stock during 2021 and 2022 (In thousands, except per share data):

Period |  | Total number of shares purchased |  |  | Average price paid per share |  |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  |  | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs |
October 1, 2021 - October 31, 2021 |  |  | 59 |  |  | $ | 8.45 |  |  |  | 59 |  |  | $ | 2,505 |
November 1, 2021 - November 30, 2021 |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 8.55 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 2,323 |
December 1, 2021 - December 31, 2021 |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 7.99 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 1,872 |
January 1, 2022 - January 31, 2022 |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 8.81 |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 1,008 |
July 1, 2022 - July 31, 2022 |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 8.85 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 964 |
December 1, 2022 - December 31, 2022 |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 8.61 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 939 |
Total |  |  | 242 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 242 |  |  |  |  |

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Schedule II

Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

For the Years Ended January 31, 2023 and 2022

(In thousands) |  | Balance at beginning of period |  |  | Charges to expenses |  |  | Write-offs (1) |  |  | Other charges (2) |  |  | Balance at end of period |
Year Ended January 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets |  | $ | 16,905 |  |  | $ | (585 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (327 | ) |  | $ | 15,993 |
Allowance for possible losses in collection of trade receivables |  |  | 486 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 612 |
Year Ended January 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets |  | $ | 17,746 |  |  | $ | (717 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | (124 | ) |  | $ | 16,905 |
Allowance for possible losses in collection of trade receivables |  |  | 474 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | 486 |

(1) Uncollectible accounts charged off.

(2) Trade receivable allowances primarily related to recoveries from accounts previously written off and currency translation. Deferred tax asset valuation allowance primarily related to amounts charged to other comprehensive income.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

The exhibits listed below are filed herewith except the exhibits described below as incorporated by reference. Exhibits not filed herewith are incorporated by reference to such exhibits filed by the Company under the location set forth under the caption "Description and Location" below. The Commission file number for the Company's Exchange Act filings referenced below is 001-32530.
Exhibit No. |  | Description and Location
3.1 |  | Certificate of Incorporation of Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to Registration Statement No. 33-70298]
3.2 |  | Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2017]
3.3 |  | Fifth Amended and Restated By-Laws of Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2019]
4 |  | Description of the Registrant's Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(d) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 filed on April 21, 2020]
10.1 |  | Form of Directors and Officers Indemnification Agreement [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2006 filed on May 15, 2006] *
10.2 |  | 2013 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan as Amended June 14, 2013 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 17, 2013] *
10.3 |  | Executive Employment Agreement with David J. Mansfield dated October 19, 2016 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on December 13, 2016]*
10.4 |  | 2017 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan as Amended June 13, 2017 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on September 19, 2017] *
10.5 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2017 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan as Amended June 13, 2017[Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on September 11, 2018]*
10.6 |  | Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated September 20, 2018, by and among the Company, PNC Bank, National Association, and the other parties thereto [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 24, 2018]
10.7 |  | Second Amendment and Waiver to Revolving Credit and Security Agreement, dated September 17, 2021, by and among the Company, PNC Bank, National Association, and other parties thereto [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 21, 2021]
10.8 |  | Executive Employment Agreement, dated October 1, 2018, by and between the Company and D. Bryan Norwood [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 1, 2018]*
10.9 |  | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement under the 2017 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan as Amended June 13, 2017 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(z) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 filed on April 21, 2020]*
10.10 |  | Executive Employment Agreement, dated January 31, 2020 by and between the Company and Wayne Bosch [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(aa) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020 filed on April 21, 2020] *
10.11 |  | Form of Restricted Stock and Performance Award Agreement under the 2017 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan as Amended June 13, 2017 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.L to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021 filed on April 15, 2021] *
10.12 |  | Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc. 2021 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on April 16, 2021]*
10.13 |  | Lease dated March 15, 2021, between the Company and Nash88 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on April 22, 2021]
10.14 |  | Executive Employment Agreement, dated July 26, 2021, by and between the Company and Grant Dewbre [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended July 31, 2021 filed on September 8, 2021]*
10.15 |  | Form of Restricted Stock and Performance Award Agreement under the 2021 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 filed on April 19, 2022]*
10.16 |  | Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2021 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 filed on April 19, 2022]*
10.17 |  | Form of Employee Restricted Stock Unit Agreement under the 2021 Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2022 filed on April 19, 2022]*
14 |  | Code of Conduct [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 filed on June 1, 2004]
21 |  | Subsidiaries of Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc.
23 |  | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm - Grant Thornton LLP
24 |  | Power of Attorney executed by directors and officers of the Company
31 |  | Rule 13a - 14(a)/15d - 14(a) Certifications (1) Chief Executive Officer certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (2) Chief Financial Officer certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32 |  | Section 1350 Certifications(1) Chief Executive Officer certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(2) Chief Financial Officer certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

*Management contracts and compensatory plans or agreements

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Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY - None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| Perma-Pipe International Holdings, Inc. |
Date: April 27, 2023 | /s/ David J. Mansfield |
| David J. Mansfield |
| Director, President and Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

DAVID J. MANSFIELD |  | Director, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ) |
|  |  | ) |
D. BRYAN NORWOOD* |  | Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | ) | April 27, 2023
|  |  | ) |
CYNTHIA BOITER* |  | Director | ) |
DAVID B. BROWN* |  | Director | ) |
ROBERT MCNALLY* |  | Director | ) |
JEROME T. WALKER* |  | Director and Chairman of the Board of Directors |  |
*By: | /s/ David J. Mansfield |  | Individually and as Attorney in Fact |  |
| David J. Mansfield |  |  |  |

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