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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract] |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions.
Reclassifications | Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates When we prepare financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as, the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. See Notes 8, 11, 12 and 13 for estimates of discontinued operations and environmental liabilities, closure costs, income taxes and contingencies for details on significant estimates.
Restricted Cash | Restricted Cash Restricted cash reflects $35,000 held in escrow for our worker's compensation policy. Restricted cash in 2011 included $1,500,000 received by the Company from an escrow account in connection with the acquisition of SEC on October 31, 2011. This $1,500,000 was received by the Company subsequent to 2011 year end (See Note 3 – "Business Acquisition" for further detail of this $1,500,000).
Accounts Receivable | Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable are customer obligations due under normal trade terms requiring payment within 30 or 60 days from the invoice date based on the customer type (government, broker, or commercial). The carrying amount of accounts receivable is reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts, which is a valuation allowance that reflects management's best estimate of the amounts that will not be collected. We regularly review all accounts receivable balances that exceed 60 days from the invoice date and based on an assessment of current credit worthiness, estimate the portion, if any, of the balance that will not be collected. This analysis excludes government related receivables due to our past successful experience in their collectability. Specific accounts that are deemed to be uncollectible are reserved at 100% of their outstanding balance. The remaining balances aged over 60 days have a percentage applied by aging category (5% for balances 61-90 days, 20% for balances 91-120 days and 40% for balances over 120 days aged), based on a historical valuation, that allows us to calculate the total reserve required. Once we have exhausted all options in the collection of a delinquent accounts receivable balance, which includes collection letters, demands for payment, collection agencies and attorneys, the account is deemed uncollectible and subsequently written off. The write off process involves approvals, based on dollar amount, from senior management. Retainage receivables represent amounts that are billed or billable to our customers, but are retained by the customer until completion of the project or as otherwise specified in the contract. Our retainage receivable balances are all current.
Unbilled Receivables | Unbilled Receivables Unbilled receivables are generated by differences between invoicing timing and our performance based methodology used for revenue recognition purposes. As major processing and contract completion phases are completed and the costs incurred, we recognize the corresponding percentage of revenue. Within our Treatment Segment, we experience delays in processing invoices due to the complexity of the documentation that is required for invoicing, as well as the difference between completion of revenue recognition milestones and agreed upon invoicing terms, which results in unbilled receivables. The timing differences occur for several reasons: partially from delays in the final processing of all wastes associated with certain work orders and partially from delays for analytical testing that is required after we have processed waste but prior to our release of waste for disposal. The tasks relating to these delays usually take several months to complete. As we now have historical data to review the timing of these delays, we realize that certain issues, including but not limited to delays at our third party disposal site, can extend collection of some of these receivables greater than twelve months. However, our historical experience suggests that a significant part of unbilled receivables are ultimately collectible with minimal concession on our part. We therefore, segregate the unbilled receivables between current and long term. Unbilled receivables within our Services Segment can result from: (1) revenue recognized by our Earned Value Management program (a program which integrates project scope, schedule, and cost to provide an objective measure of project progress) but invoice milestones have not yet been met and/or (2) contract claims and pending change orders, including Requests for Equitable Adjustments ("REAs") when work has been performed and collection of revenue is reasonably assured.
Inventories | Inventories Inventories consist of treatment chemicals, saleable used oils, and certain supplies. Additionally, we have replacement parts in inventory, which are deemed critical to the operating equipment and may also have extended lead times should the part fail and need to be replaced. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market with cost determined by the first-in, first-out method.
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment expenditures are capitalized and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets for financial statement purposes, while accelerated depreciation methods are principally used for income tax purposes. Generally, asset lives range from ten to forty years for buildings (including improvements and asset retirement costs) and three to seven years for office furniture and equipment, vehicles, and decontamination and processing equipment. Leasehold improvements are capitalized and amortized over the lesser of the term of the lease or the life of the asset. Maintenance and repairs are charged directly to expense as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of assets sold or retired are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss from sale or retirement is recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Renewals and improvement, which extend the useful lives of the assets, are capitalized. We include within buildings, asset retirement obligations ("AROs"), which represents our best estimates of the cost to close, at some undetermined future date, our permitted and/or licensed facilities. AROs are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the property. Subsequent additions and adjustments to AROs (due to changes in estimates) are depreciated prospectively over the remaining estimated life of the asset, in accordance with ASC 410, "Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations." In accordance with ASC 360, "Property, Plant, and Equipment", long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet. Our PFSG subsidiary is within our discontinued operations and is held for sale. We performed updated financial valuation on the tangible assets of PFSG and concluded that no tangible asset impairment existed as of December 31, 2012. Our depreciation expense totaled $4,795,000, $4,575,000 and $4,451,000 in 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Capitalized Interest | Capitalized Interest The Company's policy is to capitalize interest cost incurred on debt during the construction of major projects exceeding one year; however, no interest was required to be capitalized for each of the years 2010 to 2012.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Intangible assets relating to acquired businesses consist primarily of the cost of purchased businesses in excess of the estimated fair value of net identifiable assets acquired ("goodwill") and the recognized permit value of the business. Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently if triggering events occur or other impairment indicators arise which might impair recoverability. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset's fair value. For goodwill, the impairment determination is made at the reporting unit level and consists of two steps. First, the Company determines the fair value of a reporting unit and compares it to its carrying amount. Second, if the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill over the implied fair value of the goodwill. The implied value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation, in accordance with ASC 805, "Business Combinations." Our annual financial valuations performed as of October 1, 2012, 2011, and 2010, indicated no impairments. Our October 1, 2011 and 2010, impairment tests were performed based on our previous two reporting units: 1) Nuclear reporting unit, which included all of our treatment operations and operation under our CHPRC subcontract, and 2) Engineering reporting unit, which included our SYA subsidiary operations. As a result of the acquisition of SEC on October 31, 2011, during the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company made structural and reporting changes to its internal organization and changes to its operating segments to create better consistency, greater coordination and enhanced communication. This restructuring aligns the internal management and functional support assets based on company service offerings and better reflects how our chief operating decision maker allocates resources and assesses performance. These changes resulted in four reporting units: (1) SYA reporting unit - our SYA subsidiary operations; (2) SEC reporting unit - our SEC operations; (3) Treatment reporting unit – our treatment operations; and (4) CHPRC reporting unit - our operations under the CHPRC subcontract. We reassigned approximately $3,637,000 of the $14,840,000 goodwill from our previous Nuclear reporting unit to our CHPRC reporting unit using a relative fair value approach in accordance with ASC 350, "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other" as a result of the change in reporting units. As a result of the restructuring of our reporting units, we concluded that we had an interim triggering event, and, therefore, we performed a goodwill impairment test for our treatment reporting unit as of October 31, 2011 which did not result in any impairment. During the third quarter of 2012, we reassigned approximately $2,488,000 of the $3,637,000 goodwill from the CHPRC reporting unit back to the Treatment reporting unit to correct our initial calculation completed during the fourth quarter of 2011. We did not amend our filings as this correction had no impact on our Consolidated Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Operations or our cash flows. Our October 1, 2012 impairment tests were performed based on the four reporting units noted above. In testing goodwill impairment, the Company estimates the fair value of our reporting units using a discounted cash flow valuation approach. This approach is dependent on estimates for future sales, operating income, working capital changes, and capital expenditures, as well as expected growth rates for cash flows and long-term interest rates, all of which are impacted by economic conditions related to our industry and conditions in the U.S. capital markets. Intangible assets that have definite useful lives are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives and are excluded from our annual intangible asset valuation review conducted as of October 1. The Company has one definite-lived permit which was excluded from the impairment review as noted above. This permit of approximately $545,000 was capitalized in 2009 in connection with the authorization issued by the U.S. EPA to our DSSI facility to commercially store and dispose of radioactive PCBs. This permit is being amortized over a ten year period in accordance with its estimated useful life. Definite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest impairment might exist. Our intangible assets also include a non-compete agreement, customer relationships, software, and customer contracts. These intangibles are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives with the exception of customer relationships which are amortized using an accelerated method (see Note 4 – "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" for further discussion on goodwill and other intangible assets).
Research and Development | Research and Development Innovation and technical know-how by our operations is very important to the success of our business. Our goal is to discover, develop, and bring to market innovative ways to process waste that address unmet environmental needs. We conduct research internally and also through collaborations with other third parties. Research and development costs consist primarily of employee salaries and benefits, laboratory costs, third party fees, and other related costs associated with the development and enhancement of new potential waste treatment processes and are charged to expense when incurred in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 730, "Research and Development."
Accrued Closure Costs | Accrued Closure Costs Accrued closure costs represent our estimated environmental liability to clean up our facilities as required by our permits, in the event of closure. ASC 410, "Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations", requires that the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation be recognized in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made, and that the associated asset retirement costs be capitalized as part of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset. In conjunction with the state mandated permit and licensing requirements, we are obligated to determine our best estimate of the cost to close, at some undetermined future date, our permitted and/or licensed facilities. We subsequently adjust this liability as a result of changes to the facility, changes in estimated cost for closure, and/or for inflation. The associated asset retirement cost is recorded as property and equipment (buildings). We depreciate the asset retirement cost on a straight-line basis over its estimated useful life in accordance with our depreciation policy.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for in accordance with ASC 740, "Income Taxes." Under ASC 740, the provision for income taxes is comprised of taxes that are currently payable and deferred taxes that relate to the temporary differences between financial reporting carrying values and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Any effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. ASC 740 requires that deferred income tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. We evaluate the realizability of our deferred income tax assets, primarily resulting from impairment loss and net operating loss carryforwards, and adjust our valuation allowance, if necessary. Once we utilize our net operating loss carryforwards or reverse the related valuation allowance we have recorded on these deferred tax assets, we would expect our provision for income tax expense in future periods to reflect an effective tax rate that will be significantly higher than past periods. ASC 740 sets out a consistent framework for preparers to use to determine the appropriate recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions. ASC 740 uses a two-step approach wherein a tax benefit is recognized if a position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained. The amount of the benefit is then measured to be the highest tax benefit which is greater than 50% likely to be realized. ASC 740 also sets out disclosure requirements to enhance transparency of an entity's tax reserves. We reassess the validity of our conclusions regarding uncertain income tax positions on a quarterly basis to determine if facts or circumstances have arisen that might cause us to change our judgment regarding the likelihood of a tax position's sustainability under audit.
Foreign Operation | Foreign Operation Our Services Segment includes a foreign operation, Perma-Fix Environmental Services UK Limited ("Perma-Fix UK Limited" - formerly known as Safety & Ecology Corporation Limited) located in Blaydon On Tyne, England), which we acquired on October 31, 2011. The financial results of Perma-Fix UK Limited are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at period-end for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during the period for result of operations. The related translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity as well as in the determination of comprehensive income (loss).
Concentration Risk | Concentration Risk We performed services relating to waste generated by the federal government, either directly as a prime contractor or indirectly as a subcontractor to the federal government, representing approximately $101,533,000 or 79.6% of our total revenue from continuing operations during 2012, as compared to $99,660,000 or 84.5% of our total revenue from continuing operations during 2011, and $80,275,000 or 82.1% of our total revenue from continuing operations during 2010. The following customers accounted for 10% or more of the total revenues generated from continuing operations for twelve months ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010:
|  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | % of Total |
Customer |  | Year |  |  | Revenue |  |  | Revenue |
CH Plateau Remediation Company ("CHPRC") |  |  | 2012 |  |  | $ | 24,652,000 |  |  |  | 19.3 | %
|  |  | 2011 |  |  | $ | 59,136,000 |  |  |  | 50.1 | %
|  |  | 2010 |  |  | $ | 51,929,000 |  |  |  | 53.1 | %
Department of Energy ("DOE") |  |  | 2012 |  |  | $ | 26,265,000 |  |  |  | 20.6 | %
|  |  | 2011 |  |  | $ | 4,136,000 |  |  |  | 3.5 | %
|  |  | 2010 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  |  | 0.0 | %
The outstanding receivable balance for each customer representing more than 10% of consolidated accounts receivable is ("AR") as follows:
|  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | % of Total |
Customer |  | Year |  |  | AR |  |  | AR |
DOE |  |  | 2012 |  |  | $ | 1,753,000 |  |  |  | 15.4 | %
|  |  | 2011 |  |  | $ | 2,656,000 |  |  |  | 15.8 | %
Clauss Construction |  |  | 2012 |  |  | $ | 3,343,000 |  |  |  | 29.3 | %
|  |  | 2011 |  |  | $ | 3,114,000 |  |  |  | 18.5 | %
Gross Receipts Taxes and Other Charges | Gross Receipts Taxes and Other Charges ASC 605-45, "Revenue Recognition – Principal Agent Consideration" provides guidance regarding the accounting and financial statement presentation for certain taxes assessed by a governmental authority. These taxes and surcharges include, among others, universal service fund charges, sales, use, waste, and some excise taxes. In determining whether to include such taxes in our revenue and expenses, we assess, among other things, whether we are the primary obligor or principal taxpayer for the taxes assessed in each jurisdiction where we do business. As we are merely a collection agent for the government authority in certain of our facilities, we record the taxes on a net method and do not include them in our revenue and cost of services.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Treatment Segment revenues. The processing of mixed waste is complex and may take several months or more to complete; as such, we recognize revenues using a performance based methodology with our measure of progress towards completion determined based on output measures consisting of milestones achieved and completed. We have waste tracking capabilities, which we continue to enhance, to allow us to better match the revenues earned to the processing phases achieved. The revenues are recognized as each of the following three processing phases are completed: receipt, treatment/processing and shipment/final disposal. However, based on the processing of certain waste streams, the treatment/processing and shipment/final disposal phases may be combined as sometimes they are completed concurrently. As major processing phases are completed and the costs incurred, we recognize the corresponding percentage of revenue utilizing a proportional performance model. We experience delays in processing invoices due to the complexity of the documentation that is required for invoicing, as well as the difference between completion of revenue recognition milestones and agreed upon invoicing terms, which results in unbilled receivables. The timing differences occur for several reasons, partially from delays in the final processing of all wastes associated with certain work orders and partially from delays for analytical testing that is required after we have processed waste but prior to our release of waste for disposal. As the waste moves through these processing phases and revenues are recognized, the correlating costs are expensed as incurred. Although we use our best estimates and all available information to accurately determine these disposal expenses, the risk does exist that these estimates could prove to be inadequate in the event the waste requires retreatment. Furthermore, should the waste be returned to the generator, the related receivables could be uncollectible; however, historical experience has not indicated this to be a material uncertainty. Services Segment revenues. Revenue includes services performed under time and material, fixed price, and cost-reimbursement contracts. Revenues and costs associated with fixed price contracts are recognized using the percentage of completion (efforts expended) method. We estimate our percentage of completion based on attainment of project milestones. Revenues and costs associated with time and material contracts are recognized as revenue when earned and costs are incurred. Under cost reimbursement contracts, we are reimbursed for costs incurred plus a certain percentage markup for indirect costs, in accordance with contract provision. Costs incurred in excess of contract funding may be renegotiated for reimbursement. We also earn a fee based on the approved costs to complete the contract. We recognize this fee using the proportion of costs incurred to total estimated contract costs. Contract costs include all direct labor, material and other non-labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract support, such as depreciation, fringe benefits, overhead labor, supplies, tools, repairs and equipment rental. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability, including those arising from contract penalty provisions and final contract settlements may result in revisions to costs and income and are recognized in the period in which the revisions are determined. Consulting revenues are recognized as services are rendered. The services provided are based on billable hours and revenues are recognized in relation to incurred labor and consulting costs. Out of pocket costs reimbursed by customers are also included in revenues. The liability, "billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings", represents billings in excess of revenues recognized and accrued costs to jobs.
Self-Insurance | Self-Insurance We are self-insured for a significant portion of our group health. The Company estimates expected losses based on statistical analyses of historical industry data, as well as our own estimates based on the Company's actual historical data to determine required self-insurance reserves. The assumptions are closely reviewed, monitored, and adjusted when warranted by changing circumstances. The estimated accruals for these liabilities could be affected if actual experience related to the number of claims and cost per claim differs from these assumptions and historical trends. Based on the information known on December 31, 2012, we believe we have provided adequate reserves for our self-insurance exposure. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, self-insurance reserves were $644,000 and $475,000, respectively, and were included in accrued expenses in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The total amounts expensed for self-insurance during 2012, 2011, and 2010 were $4,388,000, $3,041,000, and $2,896,000, respectively, for our continuing operations, and $171,000, $311,000, and $314,000, for our discontinued operations, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation – Stock Compensation." ASC 718 requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair-value of stock-based awards which requires subjective assumptions. Assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock options granted include the exercise price of the award, the expected term, the expected volatility of the Company's stock over the option's expected term, the risk-free interest rate over the option's expected term, and the expected annual dividend yield. The Company's expected term represents the period that stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and is determined based on historical experience of similar awards, giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules, and post-vesting data. Our computation of expected volatility is based on the Company's historical volatility from our traded common stock over the expected term of the option grants. The interest rate for periods within the expected term of the award is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. We recognize stock-based compensation expense using a straight-line amortization method over the requisite period, which is the vesting period of the stock option grant. As ASC 718 requires that stock-based compensation expense be based on options that are ultimately expected to vest, our stock-based compensation expense is reduced at an estimated forfeiture rate. Our estimated forfeiture rate is generally based on historical trends of actual forfeitures. Forfeiture rates are evaluated, and revised as necessary.
Comprehensive Income | Comprehensive Income The components of comprehensive income are net income and the effects of foreign currency translation adjustments. Foreign currency translation gain for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012 was $1,000 as compared to a foreign currency translation loss of $3,000 for the corresponding period of 2011.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share | Net Income (Loss) Per Share Basic earnings (loss) per share excludes any dilutive effects of stock options, warrants, and convertible preferred stock. In periods where they are anti-dilutive, such amounts are excluded from the calculations of dilutive earnings per share. Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests are excluded from (loss) income from continuing operations in the below calculation in accordance with ASC 260, "Earnings Per Share." The following is a reconciliation of basic net (loss) income per share to diluted net (loss) income per share for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010:
|  | (Restated) |  |  | (Restated) |  |  | (Restated) |
(Amounts in Thousands, Except for Per Share Amounts) |  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |
(Loss) income per share from continuing operations attributable to Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. common stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Loss) income from continuing operations |  | $ | (3,329 | ) |  | $ | 6,377 |  |  | $ | 4,882 |
Basic (loss) income per share |  | $ | (.30 | ) |  | $ | .58 |  |  | $ | .44 |
Diluted (loss) income per share |  | $ | (.30 | ) |  | $ | .58 |  |  | $ | .44 |
Income (loss) per share from discontinued operations attributable to Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. common stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(loss) Income from discontinued operations |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | (919 | )
Basic income (loss) per share |  | $ | ¾ |  |  | $ | .01 |  |  | $ | (.08 | )
Diluted income (loss) per share |  | $ | ¾ |  |  | $ | .01 |  |  | $ | (.08 | )
Income per share from disposal of discontinued operations attributable to Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. common stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on disposal of discontinued operations |  | $ | ¾ |  |  | $ | 1,509 |  |  | $ | ¾ |
Basic income per share |  | $ | ¾ |  |  | $ | .14 |  |  | $ | ¾ |
Diluted income per share |  | $ | ¾ |  |  | $ | .14 |  |  | $ | ¾ |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic |  |  | 11,225 |  |  |  | 11,059 |  |  |  | 10,989 |
Potential shares exercisable under stock option plans |  |  | ¾ |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 11 |
Potential shares upon exercise of warrants |  |  | ¾ |  |  |  | ¾ |  |  |  | 5 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted |  |  | 11,225 |  |  |  | 11,063 |  |  |  | 11,006 |
Potential shares excluded from above weighted average share calculations due to their anti-dilutive effect include: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Upon exercise of options |  |  | 517 |  |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | 439 |
Upon exercise of Warrants |  |  | ¾ |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | ¾ |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, while other assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Fair value is determined based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies, is: Level 1—Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3—Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company's own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. Financial instruments include cash and restricted cash (Level 1), accounts receivable, accounts payable, and debt obligations (Level 3). At December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the fair value of the Company's financial instruments approximated their carrying values. The fair value of the Company's revolving credit facility approximates its carrying value due to the variable interest rate. The carrying value of our subsidiary's preferred stock is not significantly different than its fair value.
Subsequent Events | Subsequent Events ASC 855, "Subsequent Events", sets forth principles and requirements to be applied to the accounting for and disclosure of subsequent events. ASC 855 sets forth the period after the balance sheet date during which management shall evaluate events or transactions that may occur for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements, the circumstances under which events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date shall be recognized in the financial statements and the required disclosures about events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date. In accordance with ASC 855, the Company evaluated all subsequent events that arose after the balance sheet date of December 31, 2012, through the issuance date of the financial statements and identified no subsequent events that require adjustment to, or disclosure in, these financial statements except for the following:
| · | On February 12, 2013, the Company entered into a Settlement and Release Agreement with Timios National Corporation ("TNC" – formerly known as Homeland Security Captial Corporation), in connection with the settlement of certain claims the Company made against TNC, subsequent to the acquisition of Safety and Ecology Holdings Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively known as Safety and Ecology Corporation or "SEC") on October 31, 2011 from TNC (see Note 3 – "Business Acquisition" and Note 18 – "Subsequent Event – Business Acquisition" for discussion of this agreement).
| · | In connection with the resolution of the above claims, we also entered into a Settlement and Release Agreement and Amendment to Employment Agreement ("Leichtweis Settlement") with Christopher Leichtweis, our Senior Vice President, on February 14, 2013 (see Note 18 – "Subsequent Events – Related Party Transactions" for discussion of the Leichtweis Settlement).
| · | On March 7, 2013, PFNWR received a Notice of Intent to File Administrative Complaint, alleging certain violations regarding storage of mixed waste (see Note 18 – "Subsequent Events – Notice of Intent to File Administrative Complaint – Perma-Fix Northwest Richland, Inc. ("PFNWR")" for discussion of these alleged violations).
| · | On October 15, 2013, the Company effected a reverse stock split at a ratio of 1-for-5 of the Company's Common Stock ("Common Stock"), effective as of 12:01 a.m. on October 15, 2013. As a result of the reverse stock split, each five shares of the outstanding Common Stock and shares held in treasury were combined into one share of Common Stock without any change to the par value per share. The reverse stock split did not affect the number of authorized shares of Common Stock which remains at 75,000,000. As a result of this reverse stock split, all references in the financial statements and notes thereto and discussions contained herein as to the number of shares outstanding, per share amounts, and shares subject to outstanding stock option and warrant have been amended to reflect the effect of the reverse stock split for all periods presented and discussion thereof as though the reverse stock split was in effect as of the period or periods presented in the financial statements and was in effect as of the date of the outstanding shares, options, and warrants (see Note 18 – "Subsequent Events – Reverse Stock Split for further discussion of this reverse stock split).
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards | Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2011-04 ("ASU 2011-04"), "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs." ASU 2011-04 improves comparability of fair value measurements presented and disclosed in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRSs"). ASU 2011-04 changes certain fair value measurement principles and enhances the disclosure requirements particularly for level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this guidance are to be applied prospectively, and are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. ASU 2011-04 did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow. In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, "Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) - Presentation of Comprehensive Income", to require an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income, either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. ASU 2011-05 eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of equity. In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-12, "Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05" which defers the changes in ASU No. 2011-05 of the requirement to present separate line items on the income statement for reclassification adjustments of items out of accumulated other comprehensive income into net income. The effective date for ASU No. 2011-12 is consistent with the effective date for ASU No. 2011-05, which is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011, and is to be applied retrospectively, with early adoption permitted. These ASUs changed our financial statement presentation of comprehensive income but did not impact our net income, financial position, or cash flows. In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-08, "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) – Testing Goodwill for Impairment" that gives companies the option of performing a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of a reporting unit in Step 1 of the goodwill impairment test. If entities determine, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than the carrying amount, the two-step impairment test would be required. Otherwise, further testing would not be needed. ASU 2011-08 is effective for fiscal and interim reporting periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2011. ASU No. 2011-08 did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow. In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU 2012-02, "Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment" ("ASU 2012-02") which amends the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 350 "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – General Intangibles Other than Goodwill" ("ASC 350-30") on testing indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, for impairment. Under ASU 2012-02, an entity testing an indefinite-lived intangible asset for impairment has the option of performing a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of the asset. If the entity determines, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is not more likely than not impaired, the entity would not need to calculate the fair value of the asset. The ASU does not revise the requirement to test indefinite-lived intangible assets annually for impairment. These provisions are effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, although early adoption is permitted. ASU No. 2012-02 did not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow. Recently Issued Accounting Standard In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, "Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income". This ASU requires entities to disclose the effect of items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income on each affected net income line item. For accumulated other comprehensive income reclassification items that are not reclassified in their entirety into net income, entities are required to cross-reference to other disclosures required under U.S. GAAP that provide additional detail on these amounts. This information may be provided either in the notes or parenthetically on the face of the financials. For public entities, the guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012 and interim periods within those years. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2013-02 to have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations.

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