<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001493152-26-024026.txt : 20260518
<SEC-HEADER>0001493152-26-024026.hdr.sgml : 20260518
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20260518060220
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001493152-26-024026
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		18
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20260514
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20260518
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20260518

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			PERMA FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000891532
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT [4955]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	01 Energy & Transportation
		EIN:				581954497
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-11596
		FILM NUMBER:		26990682

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		8302 DUNWOODY PLACE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 250
		CITY:			ATLANTA
		STATE:			GA
		ZIP:			30350
		BUSINESS PHONE:		7705879898

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		8302 DUNWOODY PLACE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 250
		CITY:			ATLANTA
		STATE:			GA
		ZIP:			30350
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 4pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 12pt"><b>Washington,
D.C. 20549</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>FORM
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CURRENT
REPORT</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 18pt"><b>PERMA-FIX
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

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    <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">of
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                                                                             <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">File
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                                            Employer</span></p>
                                                                             <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Identification
                                            No.)</span></p></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Address of principal executive
  offices)</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(Zip Code)</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Registrant&#8217;s
telephone number, including area code: <span style="text-decoration: underline"><span id="xdx_909_edei--CityAreaCode_c20260514__20260514_z30CNVgTxrMl"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-05-14" id="Fact000020" name="dei:CityAreaCode">(770)</ix:nonNumeric></span> <span id="xdx_908_edei--LocalPhoneNumber_c20260514__20260514_zuWkbRjPtgJ3"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-05-14" id="Fact000021" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber">587-9898</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Not
applicable </span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></p>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><div style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%"><div style="border-top: Black 1pt solid; font-size: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></div></div><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Former
name or former address, if changed since last report)</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under
any of the following provisions (see Genera Instruction A.2 below):</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
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  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425
  under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_900_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20260514__20260514_zydLSEGcJea8"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-05-14" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000023" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12
  under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span id="xdx_90D_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20260514__20260514_zROrhRo72Ep6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-05-14" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000024" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pre-commencement communications
  pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240. 14d-2(b))</span></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span id="xdx_907_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20260514__20260514_zYwGjCYdk1sc"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-05-14" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000025" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to
  Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Emerging
growth company <span id="xdx_900_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20260514__20260514_zE3dP22zAi1e"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="AsOf2026-05-14" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="Fact000029" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
1.01 &#8211; Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Underwriting
Agreement</i></b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
May 14, 2026, Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into an underwriting agreement (the &#8220;Underwriting
Agreement&#8221;) with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (the &#8220;Underwriter&#8221;). Pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement,
the Company agreed to sell, and the Underwriter agreed to purchase, in a firm commitment underwritten public offering (the &#8220;Offering&#8221;),
subject to and on the conditions set forth therein, 2,285,714 shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, $0.001 par value per share
(the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), at a price to the public of $8.75 per share. The Company also granted the Underwriter a 30-day over-allotment
option to purchase up to an additional 342,857 shares of the Company&#8217;s Common Stock on the same terms and conditions (such over-allotment
shares, together with the 2,285,714 shares initially being purchased by the Underwriter pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, are collectively
the &#8220;Offering Shares&#8221;). The over-allotment option was exercised in its entirety on May 15, 2026. The Offering is expected
to close on or about May 18, 2026, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">After
deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, the Company expects the net
proceeds of the offering, including exercise in full of the over-allotment option, to be approximately $21,094.997.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Company currently plans to use the net proceeds from the Offering primarily to fund (i) costs relating to Direct-Feed Low-Activity Waste
and grouting upgrades at the Company&#8217;s Perma-Fix Northwest Richland facility, (ii) continued research and development and business
development relating to the Company&#8217;s patent-pending Perma-FAS process for the destruction of PFAS, as well as the cost to complete
the installation of the Company&#8217;s Perma-FAS Gen 2.0 commercial treatment unit; (iii) ongoing facility cap-ex and maintenance costs;
and (iv) general corporate and working capital purposes.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by the Company, customary conditions to closing,
indemnification obligations of the Company, including for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other obligations
of the parties and termination provisions. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Underwriting Agreement were
made only for the purposes of such agreement and as of the specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement
and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
offer and sale of the Offering Shares was made pursuant to the Company&#8217;s effective Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration
No. 333-283555), filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;Commission&#8221;) on December 2,
2024, including the base prospectus contained therein, a related preliminary prospectus supplement, dated May 14, 2026, and a final prospectus
supplement, dated May 14, 2026, filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
foregoing description of the Underwriting Agreement is not complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of
the Underwriting Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. In connection with
the filing of the prospectus supplement for the Offering, the Company is filing a legal opinion of its counsel regarding the validity
of the securities being issued in the Offering, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 5.1 to this Current Report.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
8.01 &#8211; Other Events.</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>&#160;</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On
May 14, 2026, the Company issued a press release announcing the commencement of a public offering of its Common Stock, and on May 15,
2026, the Company issued a press release announcing the pricing of the public offering, as described above in Item 1.01. Copies of the
press releases are attached as Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and are incorporated in this Item 8.01 by reference.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">Forward-Looking
Statements</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>&#160;</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>This
Current Report on Form 8-K contains &#8220;forward-looking statements&#8221; which are based largely on the Company&#8217;s expectations
and are subject to various business risks and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond the Company&#8217;s control. Forward-looking
statements generally are identifiable by use of the words such as &#8220;believe&#8221;, &#8220;expects&#8221;, &#8220;intends&#8221;,
&#8220;anticipate&#8221;, &#8220;plan to&#8221;, &#8220;estimates&#8221;, &#8220;projects&#8221;, and similar expressions. Forward-looking
statements include, but are not limited to</i>: <i>the Company&#8217;s successful completion of the offering; the Company&#8217;s ability
to satisfy the closing conditions related to the offering and the overall timing and completion of such closing and the use of the net
proceeds of the offering; outlook for 2026; step up of activity beginning second quarter, Hanford opportunities; Nuclear Services, and
PFAS destruction; expand treatment capacity of Perma-Fix Northwest; grouting opportunities; converting multi-year investment cycle into
improved operating performance; quarterly variability in timing of government programs and customer shipments; positioned to deliver
improved performance beginning in the second quarter, through the balance of 2026; and value of the contract with Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory. While the Company believes the expectations reflected in this news release are reasonable, it can give no assurance
such expectations will prove to be correct. There are a variety of factors which could cause future outcomes to differ materially from
those described in this release, including, without limitation, future economic conditions; industry conditions; competitive pressures;
our ability to apply and market our new technologies; acceptance of our technology; the government or such other party to a contract
granted to us fails to abide by or comply with the contract or to deliver waste as anticipated under the contract or terminates existing
contracts; Congress fails to provides funding for the DOD&#8217;s and DOE&#8217;s remediation projects; inability to obtain new foreign
and domestic remediation contracts; and the additional factors referred to under &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; and &#8220;Special Note Regarding
Forward-Looking Statements&#8221; of our 2025 Form 10-K and Form 10-Q for quarter ended March 31, 2026. The Company makes no commitment
to disclose any revisions to forward-looking statements, or any facts, events or circumstances after the date hereof that bear upon forward-looking
statements.</i></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Item
9.01 &#8211; Financial Statements and Exhibits</b></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
following exhibits are being filed herewith:</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit
  Number</b></span></td>
    <td style="padding-bottom: 1pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify; width: 0.75in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1</span></td>
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  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex1-1.htm">Underwriting Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2026, by and between the Company and Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC</a></span></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.1</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex5-1.htm">Opinion of Steptoe &amp; Johnson PLLC</a></span></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">23.1</span></td>
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  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex5-1.htm">Consent of Steptoe &amp; Johnson PLLC (included in Exhibit 5.1)</a></span></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.1</span></td>
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  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex99-1.htm">Press release, dated May 14, 2026.</a></span></td></tr>

<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
    <td><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.2</span></td>
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  <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><a href="ex99-2.htm">Press release, dated May 15, 2026.</a></span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top">
  <td style="text-align: justify">104</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
  <td style="text-align: justify">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).</td></tr>
</table>


<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>


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    <div style="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><p style="margin: 0pt">&#160;</p></div>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><span style="text-decoration: underline">SIGNATURES</span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Dated:
May 18, 2026</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&#160;</span></p>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
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  <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL
  SERVICES, INC.</span></td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <td style="text-align: left; width: 50%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: left; width: 3%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: left; width: 47%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td></tr>
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  <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By: </span></td>
  <td style="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><i>/s/ Ben Naccarato</i></span></td></tr>
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  <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></td>
  <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ben Naccarato</span></td></tr>
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  <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Executive Vice President and
  Chief Financial Officer</span></td></tr>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-1.1
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<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
1.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Execution
Version</I></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>2,285,714
SHARES <FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">of Common Stock </FONT>OF</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>PERMA-FIX
ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">UNDERWRITING
AGREEMENT</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><BR>
May 14, 2026</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Craig-Hallum
Capital Group LLC</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
the Representative of the</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Several
underwriters, if any, named in Schedule I hereto</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">222
South Ninth Street, Suite 350</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55402</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ladies
and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned, Perma-fix Environmental Services, Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of Delaware (collectively with its subsidiaries
and affiliates, including, without limitation, all entities disclosed or described in the Registration Statement as being subsidiaries
or affiliates of Perma-fix Environmental Services, Inc., the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;), hereby confirms its agreement (this &ldquo;<U>Agreement</U>&rdquo;)
with the several underwriters (such underwriters, including the Representative (as defined below), the &ldquo;<U>Underwriters</U>&rdquo;
and each an &ldquo;<U>Underwriter</U>&rdquo;) named in <U>Schedule I</U> hereto for which Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC is acting as
representative to the several Underwriters (the &ldquo;<U>Representative</U>&rdquo; and if there are no Underwriters other than the Representative,
references to multiple Underwriters shall be disregarded and the term Representative as used herein shall have the same meaning as Underwriter)
on the terms and conditions set forth herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">It
is understood that the several Underwriters are to make a public offering of the Public Securities as soon as the Representative deems
it advisable to do so. The Public Securities are to be initially offered to the public at the public offering price set forth in the
Prospectus.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">It
is further understood that you will act as the Representative for the Underwriters in the offering and sale of the Closing Shares and,
if any, the Option Shares in accordance with this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
I.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>DEFINITIONS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.1
<U>Definitions</U>. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms
have the meanings set forth in this <U>Section 1.1</U>:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Action</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 3.1(k)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo;
means with respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled
by or is under common control with such Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Board
of Directors</U>&rdquo; means the board of directors of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Business
Day</U>&rdquo; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized
or required by law to remain closed; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized
or required by law to remain closed due to &ldquo;stay at home&rdquo;, &ldquo;shelter-in-place&rdquo;, &ldquo;non-essential employee&rdquo;
or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority
so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York are generally
open for use by customers on such day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Closing</U>&rdquo;
means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Closing Shares pursuant to <U>Section 2.1</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Closing
Date</U>&rdquo; means the hour and the date on the Trading Day on which all conditions precedent to (i) the Underwriters&rsquo; obligations
to pay the Closing Purchase Price and (ii) the Company&rsquo;s obligations to deliver the Closing Shares, in each case, have been satisfied
or waived, but in no event later than 10:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the first (1<SUP>st</SUP>) Trading Day following the date hereof
(or second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Trading Day following the date hereof if this Agreement is executed after 4:01 p.m. Eastern Time on the Execution
Date) or at such earlier time as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Closing
Purchase Price</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 2.1(b)</U>, which aggregate purchase price shall
be net of the underwriting discounts and commissions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Closing
Shares</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 2.1(a)(i).</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock</U>&rdquo; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such
securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Common
Stock Equivalents</U>&rdquo; means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire
at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is
at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Company
Auditor</U>&rdquo; means Grant Thornton LLP.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Company
Counsel</U>&rdquo; means Steptoe &amp; Johnson PLLC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Engagement
Letter</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning set ascribed to such term in <U>Section 3.1(t)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Environmental
Law</U>&rdquo; means any federal, state or local laws now or hereafter in effect relating to pollution or protection of the environment
or emissions, discharges, spills, releases or threatened releases of any Hazardous Substances into the environment (including without
limitation indoor air, ambient air, surface water, ground water or land), including without limitation, the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 6901 et seq., as amended, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(&ldquo;CERCLA&rdquo;), 42 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 9601 et seq., as amended, the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 49 U.S.C. &sect;&sect;
1801 et seq., as amended, the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 1251 et seq., as amended, the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. &sect;&sect;
7401 et seq., as amended, the Toxic Substance Control Act, 15 U.S.C. &sect;&sect; 2601 et seq., as amended, and any rules and regulations
now or hereafter promulgated under any of such acts.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Exchange
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Execution
Date</U>&rdquo; shall mean the date on which the parties hereto execute and enter into this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Exempt
Issuance</U>&rdquo; means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock, options or other equity awards to employees, officers, directors
or contractors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option or director&rsquo;s plan duly adopted for such purpose by a majority of
the independent members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of independent directors established for
such purpose or approved by the stockholders of the Company for services rendered to the Company, (b) securities upon the exercise or
exchange of or conversion of any securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding
on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number
of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities or to extend the term of
such securities, and (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested
directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as &ldquo;restricted securities&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 144) and
carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith within ninety (90)
days following the Closing Date, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person)
which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business
of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction
in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing
in securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>FCPA</U>&rdquo;
means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>FINRA</U>&rdquo;
means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>GAAP</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 3.1(i)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Hazardous
Substances</U>&rdquo; means and refers to any &ldquo;hazardous waste&rdquo; or &ldquo;hazardous substance,&rdquo; as such terms are set
forth in, under or pursuant to the Environmental Laws, oil or petroleum products or their derivatives, polychlorinated biphenyls, asbestos,
radioactive materials or waste, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (&ldquo;PFAS&rdquo;), and any other toxic, ignitable, reactive, corrosive,
explosive, contaminating or polluting materials which are now subject to governmental regulation.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Indebtedness</U>&rdquo;
means (a) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $150,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the
ordinary course of business), (b) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others,
whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company&rsquo;s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties
by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (c)
the present value of any lease payments in excess of $150,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Liens</U>&rdquo;
means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Lock-Up
Agreements</U>&rdquo; means the lock-up agreements that are delivered on the date hereof by each of the Company&rsquo;s officers and
directors in the form of <U>Exhibit A</U> attached hereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Material
Adverse Effect</U>&rdquo; means (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document,
(ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the
Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company&rsquo;s ability to perform in any material
respect on a timely basis its material obligations under any Transaction Document.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Offering</U>&rdquo;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 2.1(c)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Option</U>&rdquo;
has the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 2.2</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Option
Closing Date</U>&rdquo; has the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 2.2(c)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Option
Shares</U>&rdquo; has the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 2.2(a)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo;
means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability
company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Preliminary
Prospectus Supplement</U>&rdquo; means any preliminary prospectus supplement relating to the Offering included in the Registration Statement
or filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Proceeding</U>&rdquo;
means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding,
such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Prospectus</U>&rdquo;
means the base prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Prospectus
Supplement</U>&rdquo; means the final prospectus supplement relating to the Offering included in the Registration Statement or filed
with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Public
Securities</U>&rdquo; means, together, the Closing Shares and, if any, the Option Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Registration
Statement</U>&rdquo; means, collectively, the various parts of the registration statement prepared by the Company on Form S-3 (File No.
333-283555) with respect to the Public Securities, each as amended as of the date hereof, including the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement,
if any, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, if any, and all exhibits filed with or incorporated by reference into such registration
statement, and includes any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Reimbursement
Cap</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 4.6(b)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Required
Approvals</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 3.1(e)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Rule
424</U>&rdquo; means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted
from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect
as such Rule.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Rule
462(b) Registration Statement</U>&rdquo; means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering the offer and sale of additional
Public Securities, which was filed with the Commission on or prior to the date hereof and became automatically effective pursuant to
Rule 462(b) promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>SEC
Reports</U>&rdquo; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 3.1(i)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Securities
Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Share
Purchase Price</U>&rdquo; has the meaning ascribed to such term in <U>Section 2.1(b)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Shares</U>&rdquo;
means, collectively, the shares of Common Stock delivered to the Underwriters in accordance with <U>Section 2.1(a)(i)</U> and <U>Section
2.2(a)</U>, if applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Subsidiary</U>&rdquo;
means any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company as of the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Day</U>&rdquo; means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Trading
Market</U>&rdquo; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date
in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York
Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Transaction
Documents</U>&rdquo; means this Agreement, the Lock-Up Agreements and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the
transactions contemplated hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&ldquo;<U>Transfer
Agent</U>&rdquo; means Continental Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&ldquo;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Underwriters<FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&rsquo;</FONT>
Counsel</U><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&rdquo;</FONT> means Troutman Pepper Locke LLP, with offices located 301 S College Street,
Suite 3400 Charlotte, NC 28202.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
II.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>PURCHASE
AND SALE</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.1
<U>Closing</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell in the aggregate 2,285,714 shares of Common
Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Closing Shares</U>&rdquo;) and each Underwriter agrees to purchase, severally and not jointly, at the Closing, the
number of shares of Common Stock set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on Schedule I hereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
The aggregate purchase price for the Closing Shares shall equal the amount set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on <U>Schedule
I</U> hereto (the &ldquo;<U>Closing Purchase Price</U>&rdquo;). The purchase price to be paid by the Underwriters for one Closing Share
shall be $8.1375, net of an underwriting discount of seven percent (7%) (the &ldquo;<U>Share Purchase Price</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
On the Closing Date, each Underwriter shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, via wire transfer, immediately available
funds equal to such Underwriter&rsquo;s Closing Purchase Price and the Company shall deliver to, or as directed by, such Underwriter
its respective Closing Shares and the Company shall deliver the other items required pursuant to <U>Section 2.4</U> deliverable at the
Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in <U>Sections 2.4</U> and <U>2.5</U>, the Closing shall occur at
the offices of Underwriters&rsquo; Counsel or such other location as the Company and Representative shall mutually agree. The Public
Securities are to be offered initially to the public at the offering price set forth on the cover page of the Prospectus Supplement (the
&ldquo;<U>Offering</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.2
<U>Option to Purchase Additional Securities</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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The Representative is hereby granted an option (the &ldquo;<U>Option</U>&rdquo;) to purchase, in the aggregate, up to 342,857 shares
of Common Stock (the &ldquo;<U>Option Shares</U>&rdquo;) at the Share Purchase Price.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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In connection with an exercise of the Option, the purchase price to be paid for the Option Shares is equal to the product of the Share
Purchase Price multiplied by the number of Option Shares to be purchased (with the aggregate purchase price to be paid on an Option Closing
Date).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
The Option granted pursuant to this <U>Section 2.2</U> may be exercised by the Representative as to all (at any time) or any part (from
time to time) of the Option Shares within thirty (30) days after the Execution Date. An Underwriter will not be under any obligation
to purchase any Option Shares prior to the exercise of the Option by the Representative. The Option granted hereby may be exercised by
the giving of oral notice to the Company from the Representative, which must be confirmed in writing by overnight mail or electronic
transmission setting forth the number of Option Shares to be purchased and the date and time for delivery of and payment for the Option
Shares (each, an &ldquo;<U>Option Closing Date</U>&rdquo;), which will not be later than one (1) Trading Day after the date of the notice
or such other time as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative, at the offices of counsel to the Underwriter or at
such other place (including remotely by electronic transmission) as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative. If such
delivery and payment for the Option Shares does not occur on the Closing Date, each Option Closing Date will be as set forth in the notice.
Upon exercise of the option, the Company will become obligated to convey to the Underwriters, and, subject to the terms and conditions
herein, the Underwriters will become obligated to purchase, the number of Option Shares specified in such notice. The Representative
may cancel the Option at any time prior to the expiration of the Option by written notice to the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<U>Deliveries</U>. The Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Underwriter (if applicable) the following:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
At the Closing Date, the Closing Shares and, as to each Option Closing Date, if any, the applicable Option Shares, which shares shall
be delivered via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system for the accounts of the several Underwriters;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
At the Closing Date and at each Option Closing Date, if any, a legal opinion of Company Counsel addressed to the Underwriters, including,
without limitation, a negative assurance letter, substantially in the form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative
and as to the Closing Date;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
Contemporaneously herewith, a cold comfort letter, addressed to the Underwriters and in form and substance satisfactory in all respects
to the Representative from the Company Auditor dated, respectively, as of the date of this Agreement and a bring-down letter dated as
of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
On the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, if any, the duly executed and delivered Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, substantially
in the form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)
On the Closing Date and on each Option Closing Date, if any, the duly executed and delivered Secretary&rsquo;s Certificate substantially
in the form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)
Contemporaneously herewith, the duly executed and delivered Lock-Up Agreements, substantially in the form required by <U>Exhibit A</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.4
<U>Closing Conditions</U>. The respective obligations of each Underwriter hereunder in connection with the Closing and each Option Closing
Date, if any are subject to the following conditions being met:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
the accuracy in all material respects when made and on the date in question (other than representations and warranties of the Company
already qualified by materiality, which shall be true and correct in all respects) of the representations and warranties of the Company
contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein);</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the date in question shall have been
performed;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in <U>Section 2.4</U> of this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
the Registration Statement shall be effective on the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if
any, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose
shall have been instituted or shall be pending or contemplated by the Commission and any request on the part of the Commission for additional
information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representative;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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by the Execution Date, if required by FINRA, the Underwriters shall have received clearance from FINRA as to the amount of compensation
allowable or payable to the Underwriters as described in the Registration Statement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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the Company shall have submitted the Listing of Additional Shares Notification Form to the Nasdaq, if required under the Nasdaq rules,
with respect to the Offering of the Closing Shares and the Option Shares and the Trading Market shall not have raised any objection to
the submission prior to the Closing Date; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)
prior to and on each of the Closing Date and at the Option Closing Date, if any: (i) there shall have been no material adverse change
or development involving a prospective material adverse change in the condition or prospects or the business activities, financial or
otherwise, of the Company from the latest dates as of which such condition is set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus,
each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus Supplement; (ii) no action suit or proceeding, at law or in equity, shall have
been pending or threatened against the Company or any Affiliate of the Company before or by any court or federal or state commission,
board or other administrative agency wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding may materially adversely affect the business,
operations, prospects or financial condition or income of the Company, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus,
each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus Supplement; (iii) no stop order shall have been issued under the Securities
Act and no proceedings therefor shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and (iv) the Registration Statement, the Prospectus,
each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus Supplement and any amendments or supplements thereto shall contain all material
statements which are required to be stated therein in accordance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and
shall conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and none of
the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement nor the Prospectus Supplement nor any amendment or
supplement thereto shall contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein
or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
III.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.1
<U>Representations and Warranties of the Company</U>. The Company represents and warrants to the Underwriters as of the Execution Date,
as of the Closing Date and as of each Option Closing Date, if any, as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
<U>Subsidiaries</U>. All of the direct and indirect Subsidiaries of the Company are set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company owns, directly
or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, except as otherwise
noted in the SEC Reports, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are
fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no Subsidiaries,
all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
<U>Organization and Qualification</U>. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized,
validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power
and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any
Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or
other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good
standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned
by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could
not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction
revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
<U>Authorization; Enforcement</U>. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party and otherwise to carry out
its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by
the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary
action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company&rsquo;s stockholders
in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document
to which the Company is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance
with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in
accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&rsquo; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws
relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification
and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
<U>No Conflicts</U>. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to
which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Public Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby
and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s certificate
or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or
an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the
properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar
adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or
other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary
is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required
Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction
of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and
regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of <U>clauses
(ii)</U> and <U>(iii)</U>, such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

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<U>Filings, Consents and Approvals</U>. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any
notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other
Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filing
with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, and/or reports on Form 8-K, (ii) the notice and/or application(s) to each applicable
Trading Market for the listing of the Public Securities for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, and (iii) such filings
as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Required Approvals</U>&rdquo;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)
<U>Registration Statement</U>. The Company has filed with the Commission the Registration Statement under the Securities Act, which became
effective on December 12, 2024, for the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of the Public Securities. At the
time of such filing, the Company met the requirements of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement meets the requirements
set forth in Rule 415(a)(1)(x) under the Securities Act and complies with said Rule and the Prospectus Supplement will meet the requirements
set forth in Rule 424(b). The Company is eligible to use Form S-3 under the Securities Act pursuant to General Instruction I.B.1 of Form
S-3. Any reference in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus
Supplement shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 which
were filed under the Exchange Act, on or before the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Prospectus, such Preliminary Prospectus
Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be; and any reference in this Agreement to the terms &ldquo;amend,&rdquo; &ldquo;amendment&rdquo;
or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the
Prospectus Supplement shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the date of this
Agreement, or the issue date of the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be,
deemed to be incorporated therein by reference. All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information
which is &ldquo;contained,&rdquo; &ldquo;included,&rdquo; &ldquo;described,&rdquo; &ldquo;referenced,&rdquo; &ldquo;set forth&rdquo;
or &ldquo;stated&rdquo; in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement
(and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information
which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement
or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use
of the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement has been issued, and no proceeding for any such
purpose is pending or has been initiated or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, is threatened by the Commission. For purposes of this
Agreement, &ldquo;<U>free writing prospectus</U>&rdquo; has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. The Company will
not, without the prior consent of the Representative, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)
<U>Issuance of Securities</U>. The Public Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable
Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company.
The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this
Agreement. The holders of the Public Securities will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders. The Public
Securities are not and will not be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual
rights granted by the Company. All corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Public Securities
has been duly and validly taken. The Public Securities conform in all material respects to all statements with respect thereto contained
in the Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)
<U>Capitalization</U>. The capitalization of the Company is as set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company has not issued any capital stock
since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee and/or director
stock options under the Company&rsquo;s equity incentive plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees and directors pursuant
to the Company&rsquo;s equity incentive plans, or employee stock purchase plans, or director equity plans, and pursuant to the conversion
and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange
Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions
contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports or as a result of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding stock
options or equity plans, or warrants issued in connection with the offering completed in May 2024 or the offering completed in December
2024, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating
to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe
for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements
by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents
or the capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Public Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary
to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company
or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon
an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any
Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements
by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does
not have any stock appreciation rights or &ldquo;phantom stock&rdquo; plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the
outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued
in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive
rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. The authorized shares of the Company conform in all material respects
to all statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and
the Prospectus Supplement. The offers and sales of the Company&rsquo;s securities were at all relevant times either registered under
the Securities Act and the applicable state securities or Blue Sky laws or, based in part on the representations and warranties of the
purchasers or exempt from such registration requirements. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors
or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Public Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or
other similar agreements with respect to the Company&rsquo;s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the
Company, between or among any of the Company&rsquo;s stockholders.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)
<U>SEC Reports; Financial Statements</U>. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required
to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the
two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the
foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus, each
Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the &ldquo;<U>SEC Reports</U>&rdquo;)
on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration
of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities
Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or
omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of
the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports complied
in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto
as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted
accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (&ldquo;<U>GAAP</U>&rdquo;), except as may be otherwise
specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes
required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries
as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited
statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement,
the Prospectus, each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus Supplement and the SEC Reports conform to the descriptions thereof
contained therein and there are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder
to be described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus Supplement or the
SEC Reports or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement, that have not been so described or filed. Each
agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party or by which it is or may be bound
or affected and (i) that is referred to in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus
Supplement or the SEC Reports, or (ii) is material to the Company&rsquo;s business, has been duly authorized and validly executed by
the Company, is in full force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company&rsquo;s
knowledge, the other parties thereto, in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency,
reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution
provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive
and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding
therefore may be brought. None of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the
Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any other party is in default thereunder and, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no event has occurred that,
with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, performance
by the Company of the material provisions of such agreements or instruments will not result in a violation of any existing applicable
law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any governmental agency or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the
Company or any of its assets or businesses, including, without limitation, those relating to environmental laws and regulations.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)
<U>Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments</U>. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included
within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof, (i) there has been
no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the
Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the
ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company&rsquo;s financial
statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting,
(iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed
or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock, (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to
any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company equity incentive plans or directors plans and (vi) no officer
or director of the Company has resigned from any position with the Company. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any
request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Public Securities contemplated by this Agreement, no
event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with
respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition
that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed
made that has not been publicly disclosed at least one (1) Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made. Unless otherwise
disclosed in an SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof, the Company has not: (i) issued any securities or incurred any material liability
or obligation, direct or contingent, for borrowed money; or (ii) declared or paid any dividend or made any other distribution on or in
respect to its capital stock.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)
<U>Litigation</U>. There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of
the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court,
arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an
&ldquo;<U>Action</U>&rdquo;) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction
Documents or the Public Securities or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed
in the SEC Reports, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action
involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has
not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the
Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending
the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)
<U>Labor Relations</U>. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees
of the Company, which could result in a Material Adverse Effect. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, none of the Company&rsquo;s
or its Subsidiaries&rsquo; employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee&rsquo;s relationship with the Company or such
Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and
its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer
of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality,
disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant
in favor of any third party, the result of which would be material to the Company, and to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the continued
employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any
of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and
regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, in each case to
the extent applicable to the Company or any Subsidiary, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)
<U>Compliance</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that
has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor
has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture,
loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound
(whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator
or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental
authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational
health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not, individually or in
the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)
<U>Regulatory Permits</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate
federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports,
except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (each, a &ldquo;<U>Material
Permit</U>&rdquo;), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification
of any Material Permit. The disclosures in the Registration Statement concerning the effects of Federal, State, local and all foreign
regulation on the Company&rsquo;s business as currently contemplated are correct in all material respects.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)
<U>Title to Assets</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to, or have valid and marketable
rights to lease or otherwise use, all real property and all personal property that is material to the business of the Company and the
Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and
do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens
for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP, and
the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company
and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are
in compliance.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)
<U>Intellectual Property</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks,
trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights
and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which
the failure to do so could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Intellectual Property Rights</U>&rdquo;). None
of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights
has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date
of this Agreement, the result of which would have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since
the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any
knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person. To the knowledge of the Company, all
such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual
Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and
value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

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<U>Insurance</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses
and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including,
but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that
it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar
insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)
<U>Transactions With Affiliates and Employees</U>. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company
or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to
any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract,
agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to
or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from, any officer, director
or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial
interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment
of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other
employee or director benefits, including but not limited to stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company or director
benefits under a director benefit plan.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)
<U>Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls</U>. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with
any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable
rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. Except
as disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide
reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorizations, (ii)
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability,
(iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded
accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to
any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules
13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information
required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized
and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s rules and forms, except as disclosed in the SEC Reports prior
to the date hereof. The Company&rsquo;s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures
of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange
Act (such date, the &ldquo;<U>Evaluation Date</U>&rdquo;). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the
Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their
evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting
(as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely
to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(t)
<U>Certain Fees</U>. Except as set forth in each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus Supplement, or the Engagement Letter
dated April 23, 2026 between the Representative and the Company (the &ldquo;<U>Engagement Letter</U>&rdquo;), no brokerage or finder&rsquo;s
fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company, any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company to any broker, financial advisor
or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the
Transaction Documents. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, there are no other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company
or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any of its stockholders that may affect the Underwriters&rsquo; compensation, as determined by
FINRA, except as described in the Engagement Letter. The Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or
otherwise) to: (i) any person, as a finder&rsquo;s fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital
for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii) any FINRA member; or (iii)
any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member, within the twelve months prior
to the Execution Date. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or its
affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein, or as set forth in the Engagement Letter.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(u)
<U>Investment Company</U>. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Public Securities
will not be or be an Affiliate of, an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; subject to registration
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)
<U>Registration Rights</U>. No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities
Act of the offer, sale or resale of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(w)
<U>Listing and Maintenance Requirements</U>. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and the Company
has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common
Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration.
The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is
or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such
Trading Market. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, the Company is in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The
Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation
and the Company is current in payment of the fees of the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in
connection with such electronic transfer.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(x)
<U>Disclosure; 10b-5</U>. The Registration Statement (and any further documents to be filed with the Commission) contains all exhibits
and schedules as required by the Securities Act. The Registration Statement, at the time it became effective, complied in all material
respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations under the Securities Act and did not and
will not contain, as of the date it became effective, the date hereof, the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date (if any), any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein
not misleading. The Prospectus, each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus Supplement, each as of its respective date,
comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations. The Prospectus,
each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus Supplement, as amended or supplemented, did not and will not contain as of
the date thereof, the date hereof, the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date (if any) any untrue statement of a material fact or
omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading. The SEC Reports, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements
of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations, and none of such documents, when they were filed with the Commission, contained
any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein (with respect to
the SEC Reports incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement), in
light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference
in the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement, when such documents are filed with the Commission,
will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations, as applicable,
and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein,
in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading. No post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement reflecting
any facts or events arising after the date thereof which represent, individually or in the aggregate, a fundamental change in the information
set forth therein is required to be filed with the Commission. There are no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection
with the transaction contemplated hereby that (x) have not been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y) will not be filed
within the requisite time period. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Prospectus, any Preliminary
Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement, or to be filed as exhibits or schedules to the Registration Statement, which have
not been described or filed as required. No press release disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of
this Agreement contains or contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omits or omitted to state a material fact required to
be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and
when made, not misleading.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(y)
<U>No Integrated Offering</U>. Neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly
or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause
this offering of the Public Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder
approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(z)
<U>Solvency</U>. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt
by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Public Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company&rsquo;s assets
exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company&rsquo;s existing debts and other liabilities (including
known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company&rsquo;s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on
its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital
requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof,
and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its
assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities
when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature
(taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any
facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization
laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. The SEC Reports sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured
and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. Neither the
Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(aa)
<U>Stock Option Plans</U>. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company&rsquo;s equity incentive plan was granted (i) in
accordance with the terms of the Company&rsquo;s equity incentive plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market
value of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted
under the Company&rsquo;s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no
Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with,
the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results
or prospects.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(bb)
<U>Tax Status</U>. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and
its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax
returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental
assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii)
has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods
to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing
authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim. The provisions
for taxes payable, if any, shown on the financial statements filed with or as part of the Registration Statement are sufficient for all
accrued and unpaid taxes, whether or not disputed, and for all periods to and including the dates of such consolidated financial statements.
The term &ldquo;taxes&rdquo; mean all federal, state, local, foreign, and other net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use,
ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance,
stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments, or charges of any kind whatsoever,
together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts with respect thereto. The term &ldquo;returns&rdquo;
means all returns, declarations, reports, statements, and other documents required to be filed in respect to taxes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(cc)
<U>Foreign Corrupt Practices</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any
agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful
contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful
payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate
funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf
of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA. The Company
has taken reasonable steps to ensure that its accounting controls and procedures are sufficient to cause the Company to comply in all
material respects with the FCPA.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(dd)
<U>Accountants</U>. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, the Company Auditor (i) is an independent registered public accounting
firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) will express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the
Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2026. The Company Auditor has not, during the periods
covered by the financial statements included in the Prospectus, provided to the Company any non-audit services, as such term is used
in Section 10A(g) of the Exchange Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ee)
<U>Office of Foreign Assets Control</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any director,
officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the
Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ff)
<U>U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation</U>. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within
the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon the Representative&rsquo;s
request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(gg)
<U>Bank Holding Company Act</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company
Act of 1956, as amended (the &ldquo;<U>BHCA</U>&rdquo;) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the
&ldquo;<U>Federal Reserve</U>&rdquo;). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly,
five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total
equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its
Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject
to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(hh)
<U>Money Laundering</U>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with
applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended,
applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the &ldquo;<U>Money Laundering Laws</U>&rdquo;),
and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company
or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)
<U>D&amp;O Questionnaires</U>. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires completed by each of
the Company&rsquo;s directors and officers immediately prior to the Offering and in the Lock-Up Agreement provided to the Underwriters
is true and correct in all respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed
in such questionnaires to become inaccurate and incorrect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(jj)
<U>FINRA Affiliation</U>. No officer, director or any beneficial owner of 10% or more of the Company&rsquo;s unregistered securities
has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations
of FINRA) that is participating in the Offering. The Company will advise the Representative and Underwriters&rsquo; Counsel if it learns
that any officer, director or owner of 5% or more of the Company&rsquo;s outstanding shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents
is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member firm.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(kk)
<U>Officers&rsquo; Certificate</U>. Any certificate signed by any duly authorized officer of the Company and delivered to the Representative
or Underwriters&rsquo; Counsel shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Underwriters as to the matters covered
thereby.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ll)
<U>Board of Directors</U>. The Board of Directors is comprised of the persons set forth in the SEC Reports. The qualifications of the
persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the Board of Directors comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and
the rules promulgated thereunder applicable to the Company and the rules of the Trading Market. At least one member of the Board of Directors
qualifies as a &ldquo;financial expert&rdquo; as such term is defined under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated
thereunder and the rules of the Trading Market. In addition, at least a majority of the persons serving on the Board of Directors qualify
as &ldquo;independent&rdquo; as defined under the rules of the Trading Market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(mm)
<U>Cybersecurity</U>. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, there has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of
the Company&rsquo;s or any Subsidiary&rsquo;s information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including
the data of its respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment
or technology (collectively, &ldquo;<U>IT Systems and Data</U>&rdquo;). (i) The Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of,
and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise
to its IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and
all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and
contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data
from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material
Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain
and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems
and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry
standards and practices.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(nn)
<U>Environmental Laws</U>. There has been no storage, generation, transportation, handling, use, treatment, disposal, discharge, emission,
contamination, release or other activity involving any Hazardous Substances by, due to, on behalf of, or caused by the Company or any
Subsidiary (or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, any other entity for whose acts or omissions the Company is liable) upon any property
now or previously owned, operated, used or leased by the Company or any Subsidiary, or upon any other property, which would be a violation
of or give rise to any current or future liability under any Environmental Law, except for violations and liabilities which, individually
or in the aggregate, would not have a Material Adverse Effect or as disclosed in the Prospectus, each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement,
the Prospectus Supplement or the SEC Reports. There has been no disposal, discharge, emission, contamination, or other release by any
party of any Hazardous Substances at, onto or from any property now or previously owned, operated, used or leased by the Company or any
Subsidiary, or into the environment surrounding any such property with respect to which the Company or any Subsidiary has knowledge,
except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect or as disclosed in the Prospectus, each Preliminary
Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus Supplement, as amended, or the SEC Reports. There is no pending or, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge,
threatened or likely administrative, regulatory or judicial action, claim or notice of noncompliance or violation, investigation or proceedings
relating to any Environmental Law against the Company or any Subsidiary, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have
a Material Adverse Effect or as disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement, as amended, or the SEC Reports. No property of the Company or
any Subsidiary is subject to any Lien under any Environmental Law. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Prospectus, each Prospectus
Supplement and the Prospectus Supplement, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is subject to any order, decree, agreement or other
individualized legal requirement related to any Environmental Law, which, in any case (individually or in the aggregate), would have
a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and each Subsidiary are in compliance with all applicable federal, state, local and Environmental
Laws and each has all permits, authorizations and approvals required under any applicable Environmental Laws and are each in compliance
with their requirements, except for failures to comply or failures to obtain permits which, individually or in the aggregate, would not
have a Material Adverse Effect or as disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Prospectus, Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus Supplement,
as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
IV.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>OTHER
AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.1
<U>Amendments to Registration Statement</U>. The Company has delivered, or will as promptly as practicable deliver, to the Underwriters
complete conformed copies of the Registration Statement and of each consent and certificate of experts, as applicable, filed as a part
thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits), the Prospectus, each Preliminary Prospectus Supplement
and the Prospectus Supplement, as amended or supplemented, in such quantities and at such places as an Underwriter reasonably requests.
Neither the Company nor any of its directors and officers has distributed and none of them will distribute, prior to the Closing Date,
any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Public Securities other than the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus
Supplement, the Prospectus Supplement, the Registration Statement, and copies of the documents incorporated by reference therein. The
Company shall not file any such amendment or supplement to which the Representative shall reasonably object in writing.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.2
<U>Federal Securities Laws</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
<U>Compliance</U>. During the time when a Prospectus is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, the Company will comply with
all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and the Exchange Act and the rules and
regulations thereunder, as from time to time in force, so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of or dealings in the Public
Securities in accordance with the provisions hereof and the Prospectus. If at any time when a Prospectus relating to the Public Securities
is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, any event shall have occurred as a result of which, in the opinion of counsel for
the Company or counsel for the Underwriters, the Prospectus, as then amended or supplemented, includes an untrue statement of a material
fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading, or if it is necessary at any time to amend the Prospectus to comply with the Securities Act,
the Company will notify the Underwriters promptly and prepare and file with the Commission, subject to <U>Section 4.1</U> hereof, an
appropriate amendment or supplement in accordance with Section 10 of the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
<U>Filing of Final Prospectus Supplement</U>. The Company will file the Prospectus Supplement (in form and substance satisfactory to
the Representative) with the Commission pursuant to the requirements of Rule 424.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
<U>Exchange Act Registration</U>. For a period of two (2) years from the Execution Date, the Company will maintain the registration of
the Common Stock under the Exchange Act. The Company will not deregister the Common Stock under the Exchange Act without the prior written
consent of the Representative.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)
<U>Free Writing Prospectuses</U>. The Company represents and agrees that it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the
Public Securities that would constitute an issuer free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 433 of the rules and regulations under
the Securities Act, without the prior written consent of the Representative. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Representative
is herein referred to as a <B>&ldquo;</B><U>Permitted Free Writing Prospectus</U>.&rdquo; The Company represents that it will treat each
Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an &ldquo;issuer free writing prospectus&rdquo; as defined in rule and regulations under the Securities
Act, and has complied and will comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 433 of the Securities Act, including timely Commission
filing where required, legending and record keeping.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.3
<U>Delivery to the Underwriters of Prospectuses</U>. The Company will deliver to the Underwriters, without charge, from time to time
during the period when the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement is required to be delivered under the Securities Act or the Exchange
Act such number of copies of the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement as the Underwriters may reasonably request and, as soon as the
Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement thereto becomes effective, deliver to you two original executed Registration Statements,
including exhibits, and all post-effective amendments thereto and copies of all exhibits filed therewith or incorporated therein by reference
and all original executed consents of certified experts.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.4
<U>Effectiveness and Events Requiring Notice to the Underwriters</U>. The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Registration
Statement to remain effective with a current prospectus until the passage of nine (9) months from the Execution Date, and will notify
the Underwriters immediately and confirm the notice in writing: (i) of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and any amendment
thereto; (ii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that
purpose; (iii) of the issuance by any state securities commission of any proceedings for the suspension of the qualification of the Public
Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iv)
of the mailing and delivery to the Commission for filing of any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus,
any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement; (v) of the receipt of any comments or request for any additional
information from the Commission; and (vi) of the happening of any event during the period described in this <U>Section 4.4</U> that,
in the judgment of the Company, makes any statement of a material fact made in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary
Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement untrue or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement in order to make the statements therein, in light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If the Commission or any state securities commission shall enter a stop order
or suspend such qualification at any time, the Company will make every reasonable effort to obtain promptly the lifting of such order.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.5
<U>Review of Financial Statements</U>. For a period of five (5) years from the Execution Date, the Company, at its expense, shall cause
its regularly engaged independent registered public accountants to review (but not audit) the Company&rsquo;s financial statements for
each of the first three fiscal quarters prior to the announcement of quarterly financial information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.6
<U>Expenses of the Offering</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
<U>Payment by the Company</U>. Except for the out-of-pocket expenses of the Underwriters reasonably incurred and documented by them in
connection with their engagement hereunder, which will be reimbursed by the Company to the extent described in <U>Section 4.6(b)</U>
hereof, the Company hereby agrees to pay on each of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, to the extent not paid at
the Closing Date, all expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Agreement, including, but not
limited to: (i) all filing fees and communication expenses relating to the registration of the Public Securities to be sold in the Offering
(including the Option Shares) with the Commission; (ii) all filing fees of FINRA associated with the review of the Offering by FINRA;
(iii) all fees and expenses relating to the listing of such Closing Shares, the Option Shares on the Trading Market and such other stock
exchanges as the Company and the Representative together determine; (iv) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration
or qualification of such Closing Shares under the &ldquo;blue sky&rdquo; securities laws of such states (including, without limitation,
all filing and registration fees, and the fees and expenses of Blue Sky counsel); (v) the costs of all mailing and printing of the underwriting
documents (including, without limitation, this Agreement, any Blue Sky Surveys and, if appropriate, any Agreement Among Underwriters,
Selected Dealers&rsquo; Agreement, Underwriters&rsquo; Questionnaire and Power of Attorney), Registration Statements, Prospectuses and
all amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto and as many preliminary and final Prospectuses as the Representative may reasonably
deem necessary; (vi) the costs and expenses of the Company&rsquo;s public relations firm; if the Company has a public relations firm,
(vii) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering the Public Securities; (viii) fees and expenses of the Transfer Agent for the Public
Securities (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company);
(ix) stock transfer and/or stamp taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of securities from the Company to the Underwriters; (x) the
fees and expenses of the Company&rsquo;s accountants; and (xi) the fees and expenses of the Company&rsquo;s legal counsel and other agents
and representatives.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
<U>Reimbursement of Out-of-Pocket Expenses of the Underwriters</U>. The Company hereby agrees to reimburse the Underwriters for their
reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with their engagement hereunder, including (i) costs of mailing
prospectuses to prospective investors; (ii) the expenses of the Underwriters&rsquo; use of i-Deal&rsquo;s book-building, prospectus tracking
and compliance software (or other similar software) for the Offering, (iii) the Underwriters&rsquo; actual &ldquo;road show&rdquo; expenses
for the offering; and (iv) the fees and expenses of counsel of the Representative (including any fees, expenses or disbursements of Underwriters&rsquo;
Counsel related to the filing with and review of the Offering by FINRA); <I><U>provided</U></I>, <I><U>however</U></I>, the Company&rsquo;s
obligation to make such reimbursement shall not exceed $95,000 in the aggregate without the prior written approval of the Company (such
amount, the &ldquo;<U>Reimbursement Cap</U>&rdquo;). To the extent the Reimbursement Cap has not been previously paid by the Company
to the Underwriters upon the Underwriters<FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&rsquo;</FONT> request and presentation to the Company of
appropriate documentation therefor, the Underwriters may also deduct from the net proceeds of the Offering payable to the Company on
the Closing Date, or on each Option Closing Date, if any, the Reimbursement Cap or any remaining portion thereof, as the case may be,
not previously reimbursed by the Company to the Underwriters.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.7
<U>Application of Net Proceeds</U>. The Company will apply the net proceeds from the Offering received by it in a manner consistent with
the application described under the caption &ldquo;Use of Proceeds&rdquo; in the Prospectus Supplement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.8
<U>Delivery of Earnings Statements to Security Holders</U>. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon
as practicable, but not later than the first day of the fifteenth full calendar month following the Execution Date, an earnings statement
(which need not be certified by independent public or independent certified public accountants unless required by the Securities Act
or the rules and regulations under the Securities Act, but which shall satisfy the provisions of Rule 158(a) under Section 11(a) of the
Securities Act) covering a period of at least twelve consecutive months beginning after the Execution Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.9
<U>Stabilization</U>. Neither the Company, nor, to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or shareholders (without the consent
of the Representative) has taken or will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that might reasonably
be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act, or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of
the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Public Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.10
<U>Internal Controls</U>. The Company will maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances
that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded
as necessary in order to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets;
(iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded
accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any
differences. Further, such internal controls may be subject to review by the Company&rsquo;s independent accountants and, as a result,
such accountants may determine one or more of the above does not comply with the above representation. If such occurs, the Company will
use reasonable efforts to timely cure such deficiency.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.11
<U>Accountants</U>. The Company shall continue to retain a nationally recognized independent certified public accounting firm for a period
of at least three (3) years after the Execution Date. The Underwriters acknowledge that the Company Auditor is acceptable to the Underwriters.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.12
<U>FINRA</U>. The Company shall advise the Underwriters (who shall make an appropriate filing with FINRA) if it is aware that any officer,
director or 10% or greater stockholder of the Company becomes an affiliate or associated person of an Underwriter.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.13
<U>No Fiduciary Duties</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters&rsquo; responsibility to the Company is solely
contractual and commercial in nature, based on arms-length negotiations and that neither the Underwriters nor their affiliates or any
selected dealer shall be deemed to be acting in a fiduciary capacity, or otherwise owes any fiduciary duty to the Company or any of its
affiliates in connection with the Offering and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in this
Agreement to the contrary, the Company acknowledges that the Underwriters may have financial interests in the success of the Offering
that are not limited to the difference between the price to the public and the purchase price paid to the Company by the Underwriters
for the securities and the Underwriters have no obligation to disclose, or account to the Company for, any of such additional financial
interests. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against
the Underwriters with respect to any breach or alleged breach of fiduciary duty.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.14
<U>Board Composition and Board Designations</U>. For a period of three (3) years after the Execution Date, the Company shall ensure that:
(i) the qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the Board of Directors comply with the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder and with the listing requirements of the Trading Market and (ii) if applicable,
at least one member of the Board of Directors qualifies as a &ldquo;financial expert&rdquo; as such term is defined under the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.15
<U>Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity</U>. At the request of the Representative, by 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the date following
the date hereof, the Company shall issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the Offering. The Company and the Representative
shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the Offering, and neither the Company nor any Underwriter
shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect
to any press release of such Underwriter, or without the prior consent of such Underwriter, with respect to any press release of the
Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the
disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. The Company will
not issue press releases or engage in any other publicity, without the Representative&rsquo;s prior written consent, for a period ending
at 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the first business day following the 30th day following the Closing Date, other than normal and
customary releases issued in the ordinary course of the Company&rsquo;s business.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.16
<U>Shareholder Rights Plan</U>. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person,
that any Underwriter of the Public Securities is an &ldquo;Acquiring Person&rdquo; under any control share acquisition, business combination,
poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter
adopted by the Company, or that any Underwriter of Public Securities could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement,
by virtue of receiving Public Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.17
<U>Reserved</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.18
<U>Listing of Common Stock</U>. The Company hereby agrees to use best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock
on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all
of the Closing Shares and the Option Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Closing Shares and the
Option Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other
Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Closing Shares and the Option Shares, and will take such other action
as is necessary to cause all of the Closing Shares and the Option Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly
as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a
Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company&rsquo;s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules
of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository
Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository
Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.19
<U>Subsequent Equity Sales</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
From the date hereof until ninety (90) days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall (i) issue, enter into
any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents other
than in an Exempt Issuance, or (ii) file any registration statement or amendment or supplement thereto, other than the Prospectus Supplement
or filing a registration statement on Form S-8 in connection with any employee benefit plan.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
From the date hereof until 180 days after the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement
to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units
thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. &ldquo;<U>Variable Rate Transaction</U>&rdquo; means a transaction in which the Company
(i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to
receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based
upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of
such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date
after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly
related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement,
including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or an &ldquo;at-the-market offering&rdquo;, whereby the Company may issue securities
at a future determined price regardless of whether shares pursuant to such agreement have actually been issued and regardless of whether
such agreement is subsequently canceled. Any Underwriter shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude
any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this <U>Section 4.19</U> shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate
Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.20
<U>Research Independence</U>. The Company acknowledges that each Underwriter&rsquo;s research analysts and research departments, if any,
are required to be independent from their respective investment banking divisions and are subject to certain regulations and internal
policies, and that such Underwriter&rsquo;s research analysts may hold and make statements or investment recommendations and/or publish
research reports with respect to the Company and/or the offering that differ from the views of its investment bankers. The Company hereby
waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against such Underwriter with respect
to any conflict of interest that may arise from the fact that the views expressed by their independent research analysts and research
departments may be different from or inconsistent with the views or advice communicated to the Company by such Underwriter&rsquo;s investment
banking divisions. The Company acknowledges that the Representative is a full service securities firm and as such from time to time,
subject to applicable securities laws, may effect transactions for its own account or the account of its customers and hold long or short
position in debt or equity securities of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
V.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">DEFAULT
BY UNDERWRITERS</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">If
on the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date any Underwriter shall fail to purchase and pay for the portion of the Closing Shares or
Option Shares, as the case may be, which such Underwriter has agreed to purchase and pay for on such date (otherwise than by reason of
any default on the part of the Company), the Representative, or if the Representative is the defaulting Underwriter, the non-defaulting
Underwriters, shall use their reasonable best efforts to procure within thirty-six (36) hours thereafter one or more of the other Underwriters,
or any others, to purchase from the Company such amounts as may be agreed upon and upon the terms set forth herein, the Closing Shares
or Option Shares, as the case may be, which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase. If during such thirty-six
(36) hours the Representative shall not have procured such other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase the Closing Shares or Option
Shares, as the case may be, agreed to be purchased by the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then (a) if the aggregate number of
Closing Shares or Option Shares, as the case may be, with respect to which such default shall occur does not exceed ten percent (10%)
of the Closing Shares or Option Shares, as the case may be, covered hereby, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally, in
proportion to the respective numbers of Closing Shares or Option Shares, as the case may be, which they are obligated to purchase hereunder,
to purchase the Closing Shares or Option Shares, as the case may be, which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase,
or (b) if the aggregate number of Closing Shares or Option Shares, as the case may be, with respect to which such default shall occur
exceeds ten percent (10%) of the Closing Shares or Option Shares, as the case may be, covered hereby, the Company or the Representative
will have the right to terminate this Agreement without liability on the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters or of the Company except
to the extent provided in <U>Article VI</U> hereof. In the event of a default by any Underwriter or Underwriters, as set forth in this
<U>Article V</U>, the applicable Closing Date may be postponed for such period, not exceeding seven days, as the Representative, or if
the Representative is the defaulting Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters, may determine in order that the required changes in
the Prospectus Supplement or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected. The term &ldquo;Underwriter&rdquo; includes any
Person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter. Any action taken under this Section shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from
liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
VI.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>INDEMNIFICATION</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.1
<U>Indemnification of the Underwriters</U>. Subject to the conditions set forth below, the Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless
the Underwriters, and each dealer selected by each Underwriter that participates in the offer and sale of the Public Securities (each
a &ldquo;<U>Selected Dealer</U>&rdquo;) and each of their respective directors, officers and employees and each Person, if any, who controls
such Underwriter or any Selected Dealer (&ldquo;<U>Controlling Person</U>&rdquo;) within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities
Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever (including but not limited
to any and all legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced
or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, whether arising out of any action between such Underwriter and the Company or between such Underwriter
and any third party or otherwise) to which they or any of them may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other
statute or at common law or otherwise or under the laws of foreign countries, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged
untrue statement of a material fact contained in (i) any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus
or the Prospectus Supplement (as from time to time each may be amended and supplemented); (ii) any materials or information provided
to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Public Securities, including
any &ldquo;road show&rdquo; or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically); or (iii)
any application or other document or written communication (in this <U>Article VI</U>, collectively called &ldquo;<U>application</U>&rdquo;)
executed by the Company or based upon written information furnished by the Company in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the Public
Securities under the securities laws thereof or filed with the Commission, any state securities commission or agency, Trading Market
or any securities exchange; or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, unless such statement or omission
was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company with respect to the applicable Underwriter
by or on behalf of such Underwriter expressly for use in any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, if any, the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto, or in any application, as the case may be. With respect
to any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, if any, the
indemnity agreement contained in this <U>Section 6.1</U> shall not inure to the benefit of an Underwriter to the extent that any loss,
liability, claim, damage or expense of such Underwriter results from the fact that a copy of the Prospectus Supplement was not given
or sent to the Person asserting any such loss, liability, claim or damage at or prior to the written confirmation of sale of the Public
Securities to such Person as required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and if the untrue statement or
omission has been corrected in the Prospectus Supplement, unless such failure to deliver the Prospectus Supplement was a result of non-compliance
by the Company with its obligations under this Agreement. Further, the Company shall not have any liability for indemnification under
this <U>Section 6.1</U> if and to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction in a final judgment from which no appeal can be made
shall determine that the loss, liability, claim, damage or expense resulted primarily and directly from the willful misconduct, fraud
or gross negligence of the Underwriter or Selected Dealer. The Company agrees promptly to notify each Underwriter of the commencement
of any litigation or proceedings against the Company or any of its officers, directors or Controlling Persons in connection with the
issue and sale of the Public Securities or in connection with the Registration Statement or the Prospectus Supplement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.2
<U>Procedure</U>. If any action is brought against an Underwriter, a Selected Dealer or a Controlling Person in respect of which indemnity
may be sought against the Company pursuant to <U>Section 6.1</U>, such Underwriter, such Selected Dealer or Controlling Person, as the
case may be, shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the institution of such action and the Company shall assume the defense
of such action, including the employment and fees of counsel (subject to the reasonable approval of such Underwriter or such Selected
Dealer, as the case may be, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld) and payment of actual expenses. Such Underwriter, such
Selected Dealer or Controlling Person shall have the right to employ its or their own counsel in any such case, but the fees and expenses
of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Underwriter, such Selected Dealer or Controlling Person unless (i) the employment of
such counsel at the expense of the Company shall have been authorized in writing by the Company in connection with the defense of such
action, or (ii) the Company shall not have employed counsel to have charge of the defense of such action, or (iii) such indemnified party
or parties shall have reasonably concluded based on advise of counsel that there may be defenses available to it or them which are different
from or additional to those available to the Company (in which case the Company shall not have the right to direct the defense of such
action on behalf of the indemnified party or parties), in any of which events the reasonable fees and expenses of not more than one firm
of attorneys selected by such Underwriter (in addition to local counsel and counsel selected by the Company), Selected Dealer and/or
Controlling Person shall be borne by the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if any Underwriter, Selected
Dealer or Controlling Person shall assume the defense of such action as provided above, the Company shall have the right to approve the
terms of any settlement of such action which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.3
<U>Indemnification of the Company</U>. Each Underwriter severally and not jointly agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company,
its directors, officers and employees and agents who control the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section
20 of the Exchange Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the foregoing indemnity from the Company
to such Underwriter, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions
made in any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, if any, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or any amendment
or supplement thereto or in any application, in reliance upon, and in strict conformity with, written information furnished to the Company
with respect to such Underwriter by or on behalf of such Underwriter expressly for use in such Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, if
any, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto or in any such application.
In case any action shall be brought against the Company or any other Person so indemnified based on any Preliminary Prospectus Supplement,
if any, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto or any application,
and in respect of which indemnity may be sought against such Underwriter, such Underwriter shall have the rights and duties given to
the Company, and the Company and each other Person so indemnified shall have the rights and duties given to such Underwriter by the provisions
of this Article VI. Notwithstanding the provisions of this <U>Section 6.3</U>, no Underwriter shall be required to indemnify the Company
for any amount in excess of the underwriting discounts and commissions applicable to the Public Securities purchased by such Underwriter.
The Underwriters&rsquo; obligations in this <U>Section 6.3</U> to indemnify the Company are several in proportion to their respective
underwriting obligations and not joint.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.4
<U>Contribution</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
<U>Contribution Rights</U>. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution under the Securities Act in any case in which (i)
any Person entitled to indemnification under this Article VI makes a claim for indemnification pursuant hereto but it is judicially determined
(by the entry of a final judgment or decree by a court of competent jurisdiction and the expiration of time to appeal or the denial of
the last right of appeal) that such indemnification may not be enforced in such case notwithstanding the fact that this Article VI provides
for indemnification in such case, or (ii) contribution under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise may be required on the
part of any such Person in circumstances for which indemnification is provided under this Article VI, then, and in each such case, the
Company and each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, shall contribute to the aggregate losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses
of the nature contemplated by said indemnity agreement incurred by the Company and such Underwriter, as incurred, in such proportions
that such Underwriter is responsible for that portion represented by the percentage that the underwriting discount appearing on the cover
page of the Prospectus Supplement bears to the initial offering price appearing thereon and the Company is responsible for the balance;
provided, that, no Person guilty of a fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall
be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section, each
director, officer and employee of such Underwriter or the Company, as applicable, and each Person, if any, who controls such Underwriter
or the Company, as applicable, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such
Underwriter or the Company, as applicable. Notwithstanding the provisions of this <U>Section 6.4</U>, no Underwriter shall be required
to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting discounts and commissions applicable to the Public Securities purchased by such
Underwriter. The Underwriters&rsquo; obligations in this <U>Section 6.4</U> to contribute are several in proportion to their respective
underwriting obligations and not joint.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
<U>Contribution Procedure</U>. Within fifteen days after receipt by any party to this Agreement (or its representative) of notice of
the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding, such party will, if a claim for contribution in respect thereof is to be made against
another party (&ldquo;<U>contributing party</U>&rdquo;), notify the contributing party of the commencement thereof, but the failure to
so notify the contributing party will not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any other party other than for contribution
hereunder. In case any such action, suit or proceeding is brought against any party, and such party notifies a contributing party or
its representative of the commencement thereof within the aforesaid fifteen days, the contributing party will be entitled to participate
therein with the notifying party and any other contributing party similarly notified. Any such contributing party shall not be liable
to any party seeking contribution on account of any settlement of any claim, action or proceeding affected by such party seeking contribution
without the written consent of such contributing party. The contribution provisions contained in this <U>Section 6.4</U> are intended
to supersede, to the extent permitted by law, any right to contribution under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise available.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE
VII.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>MISCELLANEOUS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.1
<U>Termination</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)
<U>Termination Right</U>. The Representative shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time prior to any Closing Date,
(i) if any domestic or international event or act or occurrence has materially disrupted, or in its opinion will in the immediate future
materially disrupt, general securities markets in the United States; or (ii) if trading on any Trading Market shall have been suspended
or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities shall
have been required by FINRA or by order of the Commission or any other government authority having jurisdiction, or (iii) if the United
States shall have become involved in a new war or an increase in major hostilities, or (iv) if a banking moratorium has been declared
by a New York State or federal authority, or (v) if a moratorium on foreign exchange trading has been declared which materially adversely
impacts the United States securities markets, or (vi) if the Company shall have sustained a material loss by fire, flood, accident, hurricane,
earthquake, theft, sabotage or other calamity or malicious act which, whether or not such loss shall have been insured, will, in the
Representative&rsquo;s opinion, make it inadvisable to proceed with the delivery of the Public Securities, or (vii) if the Company is
in material breach of any of its representations, warranties or covenants hereunder, or (viii) if the Representative shall have become
aware after the date hereof of such a material adverse change in the conditions or prospects of the Company, or such adverse material
change in general market conditions as in the Representative&rsquo;s judgment would make it impracticable to proceed with the offering,
sale and/or delivery of the Public Securities or to enforce contracts made by the Underwriters for the sale of the Public Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)
<U>Expenses</U>. In the event this Agreement shall be terminated pursuant to <U>Section 7.1(a)</U>, within the time specified herein
or any extensions thereof pursuant to the terms herein, the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Representative its actual and accountable
out of pocket expenses related to the transactions contemplated herein then due and payable, including the fees and disbursements of
Underwriters&rsquo; Counsel up to $95,000 (<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that such expense cap in no way limits or impairs the indemnification
and contribution provisions of this Agreement).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)
<U>Indemnification</U>. Notwithstanding any contrary provision contained in this Agreement, any election hereunder or any termination
of this Agreement, and whether or not this Agreement is otherwise carried out, the provisions of Article VI shall not be in any way affected
by such election or termination or failure to carry out the terms of this Agreement or any part hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.2
<U>Entire Agreement</U>. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus
Supplement, contain the entire understanding of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede
all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged
into such documents, exhibits and schedules. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Engagement Letter shall continue to
be effective and the terms therein, including, without limitation, <U>Section 6(d)</U> with respect to any future offerings, shall continue
to survive and be enforceable by the Representative in accordance with its terms, provided that, in the event of a conflict between the
terms of the Engagement Letter and this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall prevail.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.3
<U>Notices</U>. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in
writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is
delivered via e-mail attachment at the e-mail address set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New
York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered
via e-mail attachment at the e-mail address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or
later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Trading Day following the date of mailing,
if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required
to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.4
<U>Amendments; Waivers</U>. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument
signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Representative. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition
or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver
of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder
in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.5
<U>Headings</U>. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to
limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.6
<U>Successors and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their successors
and permitted assigns.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.7
<U>Governing Law</U>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents
shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the
principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and
defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto
or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively
in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction
of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or
in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of
any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that
it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient
venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any
such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery)
to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and
sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process
in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction
Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Article VI, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall
be reimbursed by the other party for its reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation,
preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.8
<U>Survival</U>. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the Option Closing Date, if any, and
the delivery of the Public Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.9
<U>Execution</U>. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one
and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party,
it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery
of a &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose
behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such &ldquo;.pdf&rdquo; signature page were an original thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.10
<U>Severability</U>. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to
be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall
remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially
reasonable best efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated
by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would
have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared
invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.11
<U>Remedies</U>. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages,
the Underwriters and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties hereto agree that
monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction
Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that
a remedy at law would be adequate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.12
<U>Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc</U>. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required
or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business
Day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.13
<U>Construction</U>. The parties hereto agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity
to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved
against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition,
each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse
and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the
date of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.14
<B><U>WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL</U>. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY ARISING
OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST
EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVE FOREVER ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY
JURY. </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(Signature
Pages Follow)</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If
the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Underwriters and the Company, please so indicate in the space provided
below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement among the Company and the several Underwriters in
accordance with its terms.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase"><B>PERMA-FIX ENVIRONMENTAL
  SERVICES, INC.</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By: </FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ Mark Duff</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Mark Duff</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title:</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">President/CEO</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 49%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address for Notice:</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 49%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Copy to:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Perma-fix Environmental Services,
  Inc.</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Steptoe &amp; Johnson PLLC</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8302 Dunwoody Place, #250</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">210 Park Avenue, Suite 2300</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Atlanta, Georgia 30350</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Oklahoma City, OK 73102</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Attention: Mark Duff, CEO</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">E-mail: Irwin.Steinhorn@steptoe-johnson.com</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention: Irwin Steinhorn</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Accepted
on the date first above written.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Craig-Hallum
Capital Group LLC</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As
the Representative of the several</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Underwriters
listed on Schedule I</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 45%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ Rick Hartfiel</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Rick Hartfiel</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Head of Investment Banking</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 49%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address for Notice:</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 49%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Copy to:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Craig-Hallum Capital Group
LLC222</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Troutman Pepper Locke LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt">323 N. <FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Washington Ave., Suite
  300</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">301 S College Street, Suite 3400</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Minneapolis, Minnesota 55401</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Charlotte, NC 28202</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">E-mail: rick.hartfiel@craig-hallum.com</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">E-mail: david.wolpa@troutman.com</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Attention: Rick Hartfiel</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 20pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Attention: David S. Wolpa</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><I>[Signature
Page to Underwriting Agreement]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><BR></FONT></FONT></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B><U>SCHEDULE
I</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Schedule
of Underwriters</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Underwriters</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Closing
    Shares</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Closing
    Price per Share</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Closing
    Purchase Price (proceeds net of discount)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font-weight: bold"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 5.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Craig-Hallum
    Capital Group LLC</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,285,714</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8.75</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 14%; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">8.1375</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; text-align: right; padding-left: 5.4pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Total</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">2,285,714</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">$</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">18,504,997.68</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>EXHIBIT
A</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Form
of Lock-up Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>(See
attached.)</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>LOCK-UP
AGREEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 70%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 30%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">May __, 2026</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>&nbsp;</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Craig-Hallum
Capital Group LLC</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">41
West Putnam Avenue 1st FL</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Greenwich,
CT 06831</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Re:</I></FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>Underwriting Agreement,
  to be dated as of May 2026, between Perma-fix Environmental Services, Inc. (the &ldquo;<B>Company</B>&rdquo;) and Craig-Hallum Capital
  Group LLC, as representative of the several underwriters</I></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>&nbsp;</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ladies
and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned understands that Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC, as the representative (the &ldquo;<B>Representative</B>&rdquo;) of the several
underwriters named therein, proposes to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the &ldquo;<B>Underwriting Agreement</B>&rdquo;) with the
Company relating to a proposed offering (the &ldquo;<B>Offering</B>&rdquo;) of shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value
$0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<B>Common Stock</B>&rdquo;), and other securities. Defined terms not otherwise defined in this Lock-Up Agreement
(the &ldquo;<B>Lock-Up Agreement</B>&rdquo;) shall have the meanings set forth in the Underwriting Agreement. Pursuant to Section 2.3
of the Underwriting Agreement and in satisfaction of a condition of the Company&rsquo;s obligations under the Underwriting Agreement,
the undersigned irrevocably agrees with the Company that, from the date hereof until 90 days following the Closing Date (such period,
the &ldquo;<B>Restriction Period</B>&rdquo;), the undersigned will not offer, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to
purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or hypothecate, pledge or otherwise
dispose of (or enter into any transaction which is designed to, or might reasonably be expected to, result in the disposition (whether
by actual disposition or effective economic disposition due to cash settlement or otherwise) by the undersigned or any Affiliate of the
undersigned or any person in privity with the undersigned or any Affiliate of the undersigned), directly or indirectly, or establish
or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<B>Exchange Act</B>&rdquo;), enter into any swap or other agreement, arrangement, hedge
or transaction that transfers to another, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, any of the economic consequences of ownership
of shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, whether any transaction
described in any of the foregoing is to be settled by delivery of shares of Common Stock, other securities, in cash or otherwise, or
publicly announce an intention to do any of the foregoing with respect to, any shares of Common Stock of the Company or securities convertible,
exchangeable or exercisable into or for, shares of Common Stock of the Company beneficially owned, held or hereafter acquired by the
undersigned (the &ldquo;<B>Securities</B>&rdquo;) except as otherwise provided in this Lock-Up Agreement. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 4.5pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Beneficial
ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act. In order to enforce this covenant, the Company shall
impose irrevocable stop-transfer instructions preventing the transfer agent of the Company from effecting any actions in violation of
this Lock-Up Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 4.5pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 4.5pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 4.5pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
the foregoing, and subject to the conditions below, the undersigned may transfer the Securities as set forth in <U>clauses (i)</U> through
<U>(vi)</U> below, provided that (1) the Representative receives a signed lock-up agreement (in the form of this Lock-Up Agreement) for
the balance of the Restriction Period from each donee, trustee, distributee, or transferee, as the case may be, prior to such transfer
(2) any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value, (3) such transfer is not required to be reported with the Securities
and Exchange Commission in accordance with the Exchange Act and no report of such transfer shall be made voluntarily, and (4) neither
the undersigned nor any donee, trustee, distributee or transferee, as the case may be, otherwise voluntarily effects any public filing
or report regarding such transfers; and with this paragraph applying to transfers of the Securities:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 4.5pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">as
    a <I>bona fide</I> gift or gifts;</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to
    any immediate family member or to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the
    undersigned (for purposes of this Lock-Up Agreement, &ldquo;immediate family&rdquo; shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage
    or adoption, not more remote than first cousin);</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">to
    any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, or other business entity all of the equity holders of which consist of the
    undersigned and/or the immediate family of the undersigned;</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iv)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if
    the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity (a) to another corporation,
    partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is an Affiliate of the undersigned or (b) in the form
    of a distribution to limited partners, limited liability company members or stockholders of the undersigned;</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">v)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">if
    the undersigned is a trust, to the beneficiary of such trust; or</FONT></TD></TR>

<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">vi)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">by
    will, other testamentary document or intestate succession to the legal representative, heir, beneficiary or a member of the immediate
    family of the undersigned.</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
addition, notwithstanding the foregoing, this Lock-Up Agreement shall not restrict the delivery of shares of Common Stock to the undersigned
upon (i) exercise of any options granted under any employee benefit plan of the Company or award under the Company&rsquo;s 2003 Outside
Director&rsquo;s Stock Plan, as amended; provided that any shares of Common Stock or Securities acquired in connection with any such
exercise or upon such award, respectively, will be subject to the restrictions set forth in this Lock-Up Agreement, or (ii) the exercise
of warrants; provided that such shares of Common Stock delivered to the undersigned in connection with such exercise are subject to the
restrictions set forth in this Lock-Up Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 4.5pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furthermore,
the undersigned may enter into any new plan established in compliance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act; provided that (i) such plan
may only be established if no public announcement or filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or other applicable regulatory
authority, is made in connection with the establishment of such plan during the Restriction Period, other than as may be required on
Form 10-Q, and (ii) no sale of shares of Common Stock are made pursuant to such plan during the Restriction Period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 4.5pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned acknowledges that the execution, delivery and performance of this Lock-Up Agreement is a material inducement to the Representative
to complete the transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement and the Representative shall be entitled to specific performance
of the undersigned&rsquo;s obligations hereunder. The undersigned hereby represents that the undersigned has the power and authority
to execute, deliver and perform this Lock-Up Agreement, that the undersigned has received adequate consideration therefor and that the
undersigned will indirectly benefit from the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 4.5pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 4.5pt; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 4.5pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Lock-Up Agreement may not be amended or otherwise modified in any respect without the written consent of the Representative and the undersigned.
This Lock-Up Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to the principles
of conflict of laws. The undersigned hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States District Court sitting
in the Southern District of New York and the courts of the State of New York located in Manhattan, for the purposes of any suit, action
or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Lock-Up Agreement, and hereby waives, and agrees not to assert in any such suit, action
or proceeding, any claim that (i) it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of such court, (ii) the suit, action or proceeding
is brought in an inconvenient forum, or (iii) the venue of the suit, action or proceeding is improper. The undersigned hereby irrevocably
waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by receiving a copy thereof
sent to the Company at the address in effect for notices to it under the Underwriting Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute
good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. The undersigned hereby waives any right to a trial by jury. Nothing contained
herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
undersigned understands that if the Underwriting Agreement does not become effective by June 30, 2026, or if the Underwriting Agreement
(other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the
securities to be sold thereunder, the undersigned shall be released from all obligations under this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Lock-Up Agreement shall be binding on successors and assigns of the undersigned with respect to the Securities and any such successor
or assign shall enter into a similar agreement for the benefit of the Representative.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">***
SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS***</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>


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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
Lock-Up Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together may be considered one and the same agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Signature</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Print Name</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Position in Company, if any</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Address for Notice:</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
5.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="ex5-1_001.jpg" ALT=""></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">May
14, 2026</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Perma-Fix
Environmental Services, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8302
Dunwoody Place, Suite 250</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Atlanta,
Georgia 30350</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Ladies
and Gentlemen:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have acted as counsel to Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), in connection with
the offer and sale by the Company of an aggregate of 2,628,571 shares (the &ldquo;Shares&rdquo;) of the Company&rsquo;s common stock,
par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;), pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, dated May 14, 2026 (the &ldquo;Underwriting
Agreement&rdquo;), between the Company and Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC, as underwriter (the &ldquo;Underwriter&rdquo;). The foregoing
number of Shares includes 342,857 shares of Common Stock that may be sold pursuant to the exercise by the Underwriter of an option to
purchase additional Shares granted to the Underwriter in the Underwriting Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
arriving at the opinions expressed below, we have reviewed the following documents:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.4in"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.4in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            Underwriting Agreement;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration No.333-283555), filed by the Company under
                                            the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;), with the Securities
                                            and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Commission&rdquo;) on December 2, 2024 and declared effective
                                            on December 12, 2024, including the exhibits thereto and the documents incorporated by reference
                                            therein, to and including the date of the Underwriting Agreement (the &ldquo;Registration
                                            Statement&rdquo;);</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the
                                            base prospectus, dated December 12, 2024, included in the Registration Statement (the &ldquo;Base
                                            Prospectus&rdquo;), the preliminary prospectus supplement to the Base Prospectus, dated as
                                            of May 14, 2024, relating to the offer and sale of the Shares, and the final prospectus supplement,
                                            dated as of May 14, 2026, relating to the offer and sale of the Shares; and</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">copies
                                            of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, and the Second Amended and Restated Bylaws
                                            of the Company, both as amended through the date hereof.</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
have considered such matters of law and fact, and relied upon such certificates of officers of the Company and public officials, corporate
records and other information furnished to us, including without limitation the certificates and representations referred to herein,
as we have deemed appropriate as a basis for the opinion set forth below.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Colorado
&bull; Kentucky &bull; Ohio &bull; Oklahoma &bull; Pennsylvania &bull; Texas &bull; West Virginia</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Perma-Fix
Environmental Services, Inc.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">May
14, 2026</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Page
2</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In
arriving at the opinion expressed below, we have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity
to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies and the genuineness of all signatures. In addition, we have assumed and have
not verified (i) the accuracy as to factual matters of each document we have reviewed and of the representations and warranties set forth
therein and (ii) that the Underwriting Agreement is a legal, valid and binding obligation of each party thereto, other than the Company,
enforceable against each such party in accordance with its terms.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based
on and subject to the foregoing, and to the other assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth herein, it is our opinion that
the Shares have been duly authorized by the Company and, when issued, delivered, and paid for in accordance with the Underwriting Agreement,
will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
foregoing opinion is limited to the Delaware General Corporation Law as in effect on the date hereof, and we express no opinion as to
the effect of the laws of any other jurisdiction or as of any later date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
opinion letter speaks only as of the date hereof, and we disclaim any obligation to advise you of changes of law or fact that occur after
the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">We
hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as Exhibit 5.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K, dated the date hereof,
filed by the Company and incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and we further consent to the use of our name under
the caption &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the forms of prospectus, preliminary prospectus supplement, and final prospectus supplement
relating to the offering of the Shares included in the Registration Statement or filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the
Securities Act. In giving this consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under
Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 50%"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD>
  </TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  </TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: left">
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Steptoe &amp; Johnson PLLC</FONT></TD>
  </TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>ex99-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-99.1
<TEXT>
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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
99.1</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="ex99-1_001.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 80px; width: 252px"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Perma-Fix
Announces Proposed Public Offering of Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Atlanta,
GA &ndash; May 14, 2026 </B>(GLOBE NEWSWIRE)&ndash; Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. (Nasdaq: PESI) (&ldquo;Perma-Fix&rdquo; or
the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), today announced that it has commenced an underwritten public offering of shares of its common stock. The
proposed offering is subject to market and other conditions and there can be no assurance as to whether or when the offering may be completed,
or as to the actual size or terms of the proposed offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Perma-Fix
intends to use the net proceeds from the offering to fund (i) costs relating to capacity upgrades at its Perma-Fix Northwest Richland
facility, (ii) continued development relating to its patent-pending Perma-FAS process for the destruction of PFAS; and (iii) general
corporate and working capital purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Craig-Hallum
is acting as sole managing underwriter for the proposed offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
shares described above are being offered by Perma-Fix pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-283555), including
a base prospectus, that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and declared effective on December 12, 2024. The
proposed offering is being made only by means of a prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus that will form a part of the
registration statement. A preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus relating to this offering will be filed with
the SEC and will be available on the SEC&rsquo;s website at <U>www.sec.gov</U>. When available, copies of the preliminary prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus relating to the proposed offering may be obtained from Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC, Attention:
Equity Capital Markets, 323 N Washington Ave., Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55401, by telephone at (612) 334-6300 or by email at <U>prospectus@chlm.com</U>.
The final terms of the proposed offering will be disclosed in a final prospectus supplement to be filed with the SEC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy, nor shall there be any sale of these securities
in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the
securities laws of any such jurisdiction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>About
Perma-Fix</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Perma-Fix
is a nuclear services company and leading provider of nuclear and mixed waste management services. The Company&rsquo;s nuclear waste
services include management and treatment of radioactive and mixed waste for hospitals, research labs and institutions, federal agencies,
including the U.S. Department of Energy (&ldquo;DOE&rdquo;), the U.S. Department of War (&ldquo;DOW&rdquo;), and the commercial nuclear
industry. The Company&rsquo;s nuclear services group provides project management, waste management, environmental restoration, decontamination
and decommissioning, new build construction, and radiological protection, safety and industrial hygiene capability to our clients. The
Company operates four nuclear waste treatment facilities and provides nuclear services at DOE, DOW and commercial facilities, nationwide.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Please
visit us at <U>http://www.perma-fix.com</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Forward-Looking
Statements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>This
press release contains &ldquo;forward-looking statements&rdquo; which are based largely on the Company&rsquo;s expectations and are subject
to various business risks and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond the Company&rsquo;s control. Forward-looking statements generally
are identifiable by use of the words such as &ldquo;believe&rdquo;, &ldquo;expects&rdquo;, &ldquo;intends&rdquo;, &ldquo;anticipate&rdquo;,
&ldquo;plan to&rdquo;, &ldquo;estimates&rdquo;, &ldquo;projects&rdquo; and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include, but
are not limited to: market conditions that may affect the timing, terms or conditions of the proposed offering; the Company&rsquo;s successful
completion of the proposed offering; the Company&rsquo;s ability to satisfy the closing conditions related to the offering and the overall
timing and completion of such closing and the use of the net proceeds of the offering; outlook for 2026; step up of activity beginning
second quarter, Hanford opportunities; Nuclear Services, and PFAS destruction; expand treatment capacity of Perma-Fix Northwest; grouting
opportunities; converting multi-year investment cycle into improved operating performance; quarterly variability in timing of government
programs and customer shipments; positioned to deliver improved performance beginning in the second quarter, through the balance of 2026;
and value of the contract with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. While the Company believes the expectations reflected in this
news release are reasonable, it can give no assurance such expectations will prove to be correct. There are a variety of factors which
could cause future outcomes to differ materially from those described in this release, including, without limitation, future economic
conditions; industry conditions; competitive pressures; our ability to apply and market our new technologies; acceptance of our technology;
the government or such other party to a contract granted to us fails to abide by or comply with the contract or to deliver waste as anticipated
under the contract or terminates existing contracts; Congress fails to provides funding for the DOW&rsquo;s and DOE&rsquo;s remediation
projects; inability to obtain new foreign and domestic remediation contracts; and the additional factors referred to under &ldquo;Risk
Factors&rdquo; and &ldquo;Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements&rdquo; of our 2025 Form 10-K and Form 10-Q for quarter ended
March 31, 2026. The Company makes no commitment to disclose any revisions to forward-looking statements, or any facts, events or circumstances
after the date hereof that bear upon forward-looking statements.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Contacts</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
K. Waldman-US Investor Relations</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Crescendo Communications, LLC</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(212) 671-1021</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Herbert
Strauss-European Investor Relations</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>herbert@eu-ir.com</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">+43 316 296 316</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<TYPE>EX-99.2
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ex99-2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-99.2
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Exhibit
99.2</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: right"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><IMG SRC="ex99-2_001.jpg" ALT="" STYLE="height: 90px; width: 282px"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Perma-Fix
Announces Pricing of $20.0 Million </B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Public
Offering of Common Stock</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Atlanta,
GA &ndash; May 15, 2026 </B>(GLOBE NEWSWIRE)&ndash; Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. (Nasdaq: PESI) (&ldquo;Perma-Fix&rdquo; or
the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;) today announced the pricing of its previously announced underwritten public offering of 2,285,714 shares of
its common stock at a price to the public of $8.75 per share. Perma-Fix expects the gross proceeds from the offering to be approximately
$20.0 million before deducting the underwriting discount and other estimated offering expenses. In connection with the offering, Perma-Fix
has granted the underwriter a 30-day option to purchase up to 342,857 additional shares of its common stock at the public offering price,
less the underwriting discount. The offering is expected to close on or about May 18, 2026, subject to the satisfaction of customary
closing conditions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Perma-Fix
intends to use the net proceeds from the offering to fund (i) costs relating to capacity upgrades at its Perma-Fix Northwest Richland
facility, (ii) continued R&amp;D and development relating to its patent-pending Perma-FAS process for the destruction of PFAS; and (iii)
general corporate and working capital purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Craig-Hallum
is acting as sole managing underwriter for the offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The
shares described above are being offered by Perma-Fix pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-283555), including
a base prospectus, that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and declared effective on December 12, 2024. The
offering is being made only by means of a prospectus supplement, and the accompanying prospectus that will form a part of the registration
statement. A preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus relating to the offering was filed with the SEC on May 14,
2026. The final prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus relating to the offering will be filed with the SEC and available on
the SEC&rsquo;s website at <U>www.sec.gov</U>. When available, copies of the final prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus
relating to the offering may be obtained from Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC, Attention: Equity Capital Markets, 323 N Washington Ave.,
Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55401, by telephone at (612) 334-6300 or by email at <U>prospectus@chlm.com</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This
press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy, nor shall there be any sale of these securities
in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the
securities laws of any such jurisdiction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>About
Perma-Fix</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Perma-Fix
is a nuclear services company and leading provider of nuclear and mixed waste management services. The Company&rsquo;s nuclear waste
services include management and treatment of radioactive and mixed waste for hospitals, research labs and institutions, federal agencies,
including the U.S. Department of Energy (&ldquo;DOE&rdquo;), the U.S. Department of War (&ldquo;DOW&rdquo;), and the commercial nuclear
industry. The Company&rsquo;s nuclear services group provides project management, waste management, environmental restoration, decontamination
and decommissioning, new build construction, and radiological protection, safety and industrial hygiene capability to our clients. The
Company operates four nuclear waste treatment facilities and provides nuclear services at DOE, DOW and commercial facilities, nationwide.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Please
visit us at <U>http://www.perma-fix.com</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Forward-Looking
Statements</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><I>This
press release contains &ldquo;forward-looking statements&rdquo; which are based largely on the Company&rsquo;s expectations and are subject
to various business risks and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond the Company&rsquo;s control. Forward-looking statements generally
are identifiable by use of the words such as &ldquo;believe&rdquo;, &ldquo;expects&rdquo;, &ldquo;intends&rdquo;, &ldquo;anticipate&rdquo;,
&ldquo;plan to&rdquo;, &ldquo;estimates&rdquo;, &ldquo;projects&rdquo; and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include, but
are not limited to: market conditions that may affect the timing, terms or conditions of the offering; the Company&rsquo;s successful
completion of the offering; the Company&rsquo;s ability to satisfy the closing conditions related to the offering and the overall timing
and completion of such closing and the use of the net proceeds of the offering; outlook for 2026; step up of activity beginning second
quarter, Hanford opportunities; Nuclear Services, and PFAS destruction; expand treatment capacity of Perma-Fix Northwest; grouting opportunities;
converting multi-year investment cycle into improved operating performance; quarterly variability in timing of government programs and
customer shipments; positioned to deliver improved performance beginning in the second quarter, through the balance of 2026; and value
of the contract with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. While the Company believes the expectations reflected in this news release
are reasonable, it can give no assurance such expectations will prove to be correct. There are a variety of factors which could cause
future outcomes to differ materially from those described in this release, including, without limitation, future economic conditions;
industry conditions; competitive pressures; our ability to apply and market our new technologies; acceptance of our technology; the government
or such other party to a contract granted to us fails to abide by or comply with the contract or to deliver waste as anticipated under
the contract or terminates existing contracts; Congress fails to provides funding for the DOW&rsquo;s and DOE&rsquo;s remediation projects;
inability to obtain new foreign and domestic remediation contracts; and the additional factors referred to under &ldquo;Risk Factors&rdquo;
and &ldquo;Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements&rdquo; of our 2025 Form 10-K and Form 10-Q for quarter ended March 31, 2026.
The Company makes no commitment to disclose any revisions to forward-looking statements, or any facts, events or circumstances after
the date hereof that bear upon forward-looking statements.</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>Contacts</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">David
K. Waldman-US Investor Relations</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Crescendo Communications, LLC</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(212) 671-1021</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Herbert
Strauss-European Investor Relations</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>herbert@eu-ir.com</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; background-color: white"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">+43 316 296 316</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<TYPE>GRAPHIC
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>ex99-1_001.jpg
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>10
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:to="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.26.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 14, 2026</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 14,  2026<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">1-11596<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">PERMA
FIX ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000891532<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">58-1954497<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">8302
  Dunwoody Place<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 250<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Atlanta<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">GA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">30350<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(770)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">587-9898<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
    Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">PESI<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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