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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

 QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

or

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 000-51237

FREIGHTCAR AMERICA, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 25-1837219
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
125 South Wacker Drive, Suite 1500 Chicago, Illinois |  | 60606
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(800) 458-2235

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share | RAIL | The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  |  | Accelerated filer | 
Non-accelerated filer |  |  | Smaller reporting company | 
|  |  | Emerging growth company | 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  No 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by a check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

As of May 1, 2023, there were 17,702,459 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

FREIGHTCAR AMERICA, INC.

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q

Item Number |  | Page Number
| PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
1. | Financial Statements: |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 | 7
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 8
2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 19
4. | Controls and Procedures | 27
| PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
1. | Legal Proceedings | 28
2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 28
3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 28
4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 28
5. | Other Information | 28
6. | Exhibits | 28
| Signatures | 29

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except for share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | March 31, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
Assets |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents |  | $ | 27,799 |  |  | $ | 37,912 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $146 and $126 respectively |  |  | 8,667 |  |  |  | 9,571 |
VAT receivable |  |  | 1,653 |  |  |  | 4,682 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 80,861 |  |  |  | 64,317 |
Assets held for sale |  |  | 3,675 |  |  |  | 3,675 |
Related party asset |  |  | 1,815 |  |  |  | 3,261 |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 7,178 |  |  |  | 5,470 |
Total current assets |  |  | 131,648 |  |  |  | 128,888 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  |  | 24,783 |  |  |  | 23,248 |
Railcars available for lease, net |  |  | 11,216 |  |  |  | 11,324 |
Right of use asset operating lease |  |  | 1,331 |  |  |  | 1,596 |
Right of use asset finance lease |  |  | 32,626 |  |  |  | 33,093 |
Other long-term assets |  |  | 1,065 |  |  |  | 1,589 |
Total assets |  | $ | 202,669 |  |  | $ | 199,738 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts and contractual payables |  | $ | 55,766 |  |  | $ | 48,449 |
Related party accounts payable |  |  | 1,430 |  |  |  | 3,393 |
Accrued payroll and other employee costs |  |  | 3,281 |  |  |  | 4,081 |
Reserve for workers' compensation |  |  | 840 |  |  |  | 841 |
Accrued warranty |  |  | 1,933 |  |  |  | 1,940 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 40,548 |  |  |  | 40,742 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 8,281 |  |  |  | 6,539 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 112,079 |  |  |  | 105,985 |
Long-term debt, net of current portion |  |  | 53,773 |  |  |  | 51,494 |
Warrant liability |  |  | 30,415 |  |  |  | 31,028 |
Accrued pension costs |  |  | 1,112 |  |  |  | 1,040 |
Lease liability operating lease, long-term |  |  | 1,737 |  |  |  | 1,780 |
Lease liability finance lease, long-term |  |  | 33,080 |  |  |  | 33,245 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 2,987 |  |  |  | 3,750 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 235,183 |  |  |  | 228,322 |
Stockholders’ deficit |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 2,500,000 shares authorized (100,000 shares each designated as Series A voting and Series B non-voting, 0 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 17,702,459 and 17,223,306 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 203 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 90,165 |  |  |  | 89,104 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 1,063 |  |  |  | 1,022 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (123,950 | ) |  |  | (118,913 | )
Total stockholders' deficit |  |  | (32,514 | ) |  |  | (28,584 | )
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit |  | $ | 202,669 |  |  | $ | 199,738 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

3

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Revenues |  | $ | 80,999 |  |  | $ | 93,236 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 73,514 |  |  |  | 83,178 |
Gross profit |  |  | 7,485 |  |  |  | 10,058 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 6,388 |  |  |  | 10,713 |
Operating income (loss) |  |  | 1,097 |  |  |  | (655 | )
Interest expense |  |  | (6,600 | ) |  |  | (5,705 | )
Gain (loss) on change in fair market value of Warrant liability |  |  | 613 |  |  |  | (20,730 | )
Other (expense) income |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | 1,496 |
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (4,926 | ) |  |  | (25,594 | )
Income tax provision |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 253 |
Net loss |  | $ | (5,037 | ) |  | $ | (25,847 | )
Net loss per common share – basic |  | $ | (0.19 | ) |  | $ | (1.11 | )
Net loss per common share – diluted |  | $ | (0.19 | ) |  | $ | (1.11 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic |  |  | 26,545,463 |  |  |  | 23,218,647 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted |  |  | 26,545,463 |  |  |  | 23,218,647 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

4

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net loss |  | $ | (5,037 | ) |  | $ | (25,847 | )
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension and postretirement liability adjustments, net of tax |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 84 |
Comprehensive loss |  | $ | (4,996 | ) |  | $ | (25,763 | )

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

5

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

(In thousands, except for share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | FreightCar America Stockholders |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Additional |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  |  | Paid In |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Retained |  |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  |  | Capital |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Deficit |
Balance, December 31, 2021 |  |  | 15,947,228 |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  |  | $ | 83,742 |  |  | $ | (5,522 | ) |  | $ | (80,066 | ) |  | $ | (1,656 | )
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (25,847 | ) |  |  | (25,847 | )
Other comprehensive income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 84 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 84 |
Restricted stock awards |  |  | 296,857 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Employee stock settlement |  |  | (3,438 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (13 | )
Forfeiture of restricted stock awards |  |  | (500 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Exercise of stock appreciation rights |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Stock-based compensation recognized |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | 404 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 404 |
Equity Fees |  |  | 285,119 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  |  | 997 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,000 |
Balance, March 31, 2022 |  |  | 16,525,266 |  |  | $ | 196 |  |  |  | $ | 85,127 |  |  | $ | (5,438 | ) |  | $ | (105,913 | ) |  | $ | (26,028 | )
Balance, December 31, 2022 |  |  | 17,223,306 |  |  | $ | 203 |  |  |  | $ | 89,104 |  |  | $ | 1,022 |  |  | $ | (118,913 | ) |  | $ | (28,584 | )
Net loss |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,037 | ) |  |  | (5,037 | )
Other comprehensive income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 41 |
Restricted stock awards |  |  | 309,348 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | - |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Employee stock settlement |  |  | (31,888 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | (106 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (106 | )
Vesting of restricted stock units |  |  | 42,815 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 145 |
Stock-based compensation recognized |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | 492 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 492 |
Equity Fees |  |  | 158,878 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | 533 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 535 |
Balance, March 31, 2023 |  |  | 17,702,459 |  |  | $ | 208 |  |  |  | $ | 90,165 |  |  | $ | 1,063 |  |  | $ | (123,950 | ) |  | $ | (32,514 | )

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

6

FreightCar America, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (5,037 | ) |  | $ | (25,847 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows used in operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 1,072 |  |  |  | 1,024 |
Non-cash lease expense on right-of-use assets |  |  | 731 |  |  |  | 316 |
Recognition of deferred income from state and local incentives |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,858 | )
(Gain) loss on change in fair market value for Warrant liability |  |  | (613 | ) |  |  | 20,730 |
Stock-based compensation recognized |  |  | (91 | ) |  |  | 4,244 |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  | 4,264 |  |  |  | 3,721 |
Other non-cash items, net |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 904 |  |  |  | (12,517 | )
VAT receivable |  |  | 2,960 |  |  |  | (1,853 | )
Inventories |  |  | (19,698 | ) |  |  | (2,154 | )
Related party asset, net |  |  | (362 | ) |  |  | 1,366 |
Accounts and contractual payables |  |  | 9,695 |  |  |  | 4,798 |
Lease liability |  |  | (1,191 | ) |  |  | (476 | )
Customer deposits |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18,706 |
Other assets and liabilities |  |  | (337 | ) |  |  | (2,555 | )
Net cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities |  |  | (7,704 | ) |  |  | 7,645 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment |  |  | (1,960 | ) |  |  | (960 | )
Net cash flows used in investing activities |  |  | (1,960 | ) |  |  | (960 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings on revolving line of credit |  |  | 31,688 |  |  |  | 10,013 |
Repayments on revolving line of credit |  |  | (31,884 | ) |  |  | (1,910 | )
Employee stock settlement |  |  | (106 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Payment for stock appreciation rights exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4 | )
Financing lease payments |  |  | (147 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash flows (used in) provided by financing activities |  |  | (449 | ) |  |  | 8,086 |
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (10,113 | ) |  |  | 14,771 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 37,912 |  |  |  | 26,240 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 27,799 |  |  | $ | 41,011 |
Supplemental cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 2,340 |  |  | $ | 1,984 |
Non-cash transactions |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unpaid construction in process |  | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | 190 |
Accrued PIK interest paid through issuance of PIK Note |  | $ | 1,658 |  |  | $ | 364 |
Issuance of equity fee |  | $ | 535 |  |  | $ | 1,000 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

7

FreightCar America, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except for share and per share data and unless otherwise noted)

Note 1 – Description of the Business

FreightCar America, Inc. (“FreightCar” or the “Company”) operates primarily in North America through its direct and indirect subsidiaries, and designs and manufactures a wide range of railroad freight cars, supplies railcar parts, and leases freight cars. The Company designs and builds high-quality railcars, including coal cars, bulk commodity cars, covered hopper cars, intermodal and non-intermodal flat cars, mill gondola cars, coil steel cars and boxcars, and also specializes in the conversion of railcars for re-purposed use. The Company is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois and has facilities in the following locations: Johnstown, Pennsylvania; Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; and Castaños, Coahuila, Mexico (the “Castaños Facility”).

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FreightCar America, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The foregoing financial information has been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for interim financial reporting. The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The accompanying interim financial information is unaudited; however, the Company believes the financial information reflects all adjustments (consisting of items of a normal recurring nature) necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. The 2022 year-end balance sheet data was derived from the audited financial statements as of December 31, 2022. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified, where necessary, to conform to the current year presentation. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Note 3 – Revenue Recognition

The following table disaggregates the Company’s revenues by major source:

| Three Months Ended |
| March 31, |
| 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Railcar sales | $ | 76,996 |  |  | $ | 89,308 |
Parts sales |  | 3,400 |  |  |  | 3,111 |
Revenues from contracts with customers |  | 80,396 |  |  |  | 92,419 |
Leasing revenues |  | 603 |  |  |  | 817 |
Total revenues | $ | 80,999 |  |  | $ | 93,236 |

Contract Balances and Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable payments for railcar sales are typically due within 5 to 10 business days of invoicing, while payments from parts sales are typically due within 30 to 45 business days of invoicing. The Company has not experienced significant historical credit losses.

Contract assets represent the Company’s rights to consideration for performance obligations that have been satisfied but for which the terms of the contract do not permit billing at the reporting date. The Company had no contract assets a s of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company may receive cash payments from customers in advance of the Company satisfying performance obligations under its sales contracts resulting in deferred revenue or customer deposits, which are considered contract liabilities. Deferred revenue and customer deposits are classified as either current or long-term in the Consolidated Balance Sheet based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize the related revenue. Deferred revenue and customer deposits are included in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and were $3,391 and $219 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

8

Performance Obligations

The Company is electing not to disclose the value of the remaining unsatisfied performance obligation with a duration of one year or less as permitted by ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Company had remaining unsatisfied performance obligations as of March 31, 2023 with expected duration of greater than one year of $40,635.

Note 4 – Segment Information

The Company’s operations consist of two operating segments, Manufacturing and Parts, and one reportable segment, Manufacturing. The Company’s Manufacturing segment includes new railcar manufacturing, railcar leasing and major railcar conversions and rebuilds. The Company’s Parts operating segment is not significant for reporting purposes and has been combined with corporate and other non-operating activities as Corporate and Other.

Segment operating income is an internal performance measure used by the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker to assess the performance of each segment in a given period. Segment operating income includes all external revenues attributable to the segments as well as operating costs and income that management believes are directly attributable to the current production of goods and services. The Company’s internal management reporting package does not include interest revenue, interest expense or income taxes allocated to individual segments and these items are not considered as a component of segment operating income. Segment assets represent operating assets and exclude intersegment accounts, deferred tax assets and income tax receivables. The Company does not allocate cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents to its operating segments as the Company’s treasury function is managed at the corporate level. Intersegment revenues were not material in any period presented.

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  | $ | 77,599 |  |  | $ | 90,124 |
Corporate and Other |  |  | 3,400 |  |  |  | 3,112 |
Consolidated revenues |  | $ | 80,999 |  |  | $ | 93,236 |
Operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  | $ | 5,628 |  |  | $ | 8,516 |
Corporate and Other |  |  | (4,531 | ) |  |  | (9,171 | )
Consolidated operating income (loss) |  |  | 1,097 |  |  |  | (655 | )
Consolidated interest expense |  |  | (6,600 | ) |  |  | (5,705 | )
Gain (loss) on change in fair market value of Warrant liability |  |  | 613 |  |  |  | (20,730 | )
Consolidated other (loss) income |  |  | (36 | ) |  |  | 1,496 |
Consolidated loss before income taxes |  | $ | (4,926 | ) |  | $ | (25,594 | )
Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  | $ | 932 |  |  | $ | 867 |
Corporate and Other |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 157 |
Consolidated depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 1,072 |  |  | $ | 1,024 |
Capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  | $ | 1,879 |  |  | $ | 960 |
Corporate and Other |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | - |
Consolidated capital expenditures |  | $ | 1,960 |  |  | $ | 960 |

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Manufacturing |  | $ | 162,298 |  |  | $ | 149,014 |
Corporate and Other |  |  | 40,260 |  |  |  | 50,631 |
Total operating assets |  |  | 202,558 |  |  |  | 199,645 |
Consolidated income taxes receivable |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 93 |
Consolidated assets |  | $ | 202,669 |  |  | $ | 199,738 |

9

Geographic Information |
| Revenues |  |  | Long Lived Assets(a) |
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, |  |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
United States |  | $ | 80,999 |  |  | $ | 93,236 |  |  | $ | 14,586 |  |  | $ | 15,018 |
Mexico |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 55,370 |  |  |  | 54,243 |
Total |  | $ | 80,999 |  |  | $ | 93,236 |  |  | $ | 69,956 |  |  | $ | 69,261 |

(a) Long lived assets include property plant and equipment, net, railcars available for lease, and right-of-use (ROU) assets.

Note 5 – Fair Value Measurements

The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy the Company’s financial assets that were recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and the Company’s non-financial assets that were recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements |  | As of March 31, 2023 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liability |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 30,415 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 30,415 |

Recurring Fair Value Measurements |  | As of December 31, 2022 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrant liability |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 31,028 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 31,028 |

Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements |  | During the Year Ended December 31, 2022 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Railcars available for lease, net |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 4,116 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 4,116 |
Assets held for sale |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 3,675 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 3,675 |

The fair value of the Company’s Warrant liability recorded in the Company’s financial statements, determined using the quoted price of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), in an active market, exercise price ($0.01/share) and number of shares exercisable at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, is a Level 2 measurement.

The fair value of the Company's fleet of small cube covered hopper railcars determined using a market approach, using the known selling prices for a portion of the cars, and a weighted average selling price for the remaining cars in the asset group at December 31, 2022, is a Level 2 measurement. The portion of these assets intended to be sold are classified as assets held for sale and are no longer depreciated.

Note 6 – Restricted Cash

The Company establishes restricted cash balances when required by customer contracts and to collateralize standby letters of credit. The carrying value of restricted cash approximates fair value.

The Company’s restricted cash balances are as follows:

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Restricted cash from customer deposit |  | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 282 |
Restricted cash to collateralize standby letters of credit |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 103 |
Restricted cash equivalents to collateralize standby letters of credit |  |  | 3,542 |  |  |  | 3,542 |
Restricted cash equivalents - other |  |  | 873 |  |  |  | 151 |
Total restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents |  | $ | 4,800 |  |  | $ | 4,078 |

10

Note 7 – Inventories

Inventories, net of reserve for excess and obsolete items, consist of the following:

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Raw materials |  |  | 67,071 |  |  |  | 46,421 |
Work in process |  |  | 6,587 |  |  |  | 4,527 |
Finished railcars |  |  | 2,541 |  |  |  | 8,783 |
Parts inventory |  |  | 4,662 |  |  |  | 4,586 |
Total inventories, net |  | $ | 80,861 |  |  | $ | 64,317 |

Inventory on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets includes reserves of $1,860 and $1,672 relating to excess or slow-moving inventory for parts and work in process at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 8 – Debt Financing and Revolving Credit Facilities

Long-term debt consists of the following as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
M&T Credit Agreement outstanding |  | $ | 6,709 |  |  | $ | 6,917 |
Siena Loan Agreement outstanding |  |  | 33,839 |  |  |  | 33,825 |
Credit Agreement outstanding |  |  | 60,403 |  |  |  | 58,745 |
Total debt |  |  | 100,951 |  |  |  | 99,487 |
Less Credit Agreement discount |  |  | (4,809 | ) |  |  | (5,262 | )
Less Credit Agreement deferred financing costs |  |  | (1,821 | ) |  |  | (1,989 | )
Total debt, net of discount and deferred financing costs |  |  | 94,321 |  |  |  | 92,236 |
Less amounts due within one year |  |  | (40,548 | ) |  |  | (40,742 | )
Long-term debt, net of current portion |  | $ | 53,773 |  |  | $ | 51,494 |

The fair value of long-term debt approximates its carrying value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Credit Agreement

In October 2020, the Company entered into a $40,000 Credit Agreement (as amended from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Company, as guarantor, FreightCar North America, LLC (“Borrower” and together with the Company and certain other subsidiary guarantors, collectively, the “Loan Parties”), CO Finance LVS VI LLC, as lender (the “Lender”), and U.S. Bank National Association, as disbursing agent and collateral agent (“Agent”). The $40,000 term loan under the Credit Agreement closed and was funded on November 24, 2020 (the “Closing Date”). The Company incurred $2,872 in deferred financing costs that are presented as a reduction of the long-term debt balance and amortized to interest expense over the term of the Credit Agreement.

The term loan outstanding under the Credit Agreement bears interest, at Borrower’s option and subject to the provisions of the Credit Agreement, at Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or Eurodollar Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for each such interest rate set forth in the Credit Agreement. As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate on the original advance under the Credit Agreement was 17.5%.

In May 2021, the Loan Parties entered into an Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) with Lender and the Agent, pursuant to which the principal amount of the Credit Agreement was increased by $16,000 to a total of $56,000 (the “Additional Loan”). The Additional Loan closed and was funded on May 17, 2021. The Company incurred $480 in deferred financing costs related to the Second Amendment which are presented as a reduction of the long-term debt balance and amortized on a straight-line basis to interest expense over the term of the Second Amendment. As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate on the Second Amendment under the Credit Agreement was 17.2%.

11

Pursuant to the Second Amendment, in the event that the Additional Loan was not repaid in full by March 31, 2022, the Company was to issue to the Lender and/or a Lender affiliate, a warrant (the “2022 Warrant”) to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 5% of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock on a fully-diluted basis at the time the 2022 Warrant is exercised. The Company believed it was probable that the 2022 Warrant would be issued and recorded an additional Warrant liability of $7,351 during the third quarter of 202 1. The 2022 Warrant was issued on April 4, 2022 with an exercise price of $0.01 and a term of ten (10) years. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the 2022 Warrant was exercisable for an aggregate of 1,481,781 and 1,473,726 shares of Common Stock, respectively with a per share exercise price of $0.01.

Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the Company was required to, among other things, i) obtain a term sheet for additional financing of no less than $15,000 by July 31, 2021 and ii) file a registration statement on Form S-3 registering Company securities by no later than August 31, 2021. The Company has met each of the aforementioned obligations. The form S-3 registering Company securities was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 27, 2021 and became effective on September 9, 2021.

In July 2021, the Loan Parties entered into an Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) with the Lender and the Agent, pursuant to which, among other things, Lender obtained a standby letter of credit (as may be amended from time to time, the “Third Amendment Letter of Credit”) from Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., in the principal amount of $25,000 for the account of the Company and for the benefit of the Revolving Loan Lender (as defined below).

In December 2021, the Loan Parties entered into an Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amendment”) with the Lender and the Agent, pursuant to which the principal amount of the term loan credit facility was increased by $15,000 to a total of $71,000, with such additional $15,000 (the “Delayed Draw Loan”) to be funded, at the Borrower’s option, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent set forth in the Fourth Amendment. The Borrower had the option to draw on the Delayed Draw Loan through January 31, 2023. The Delayed Draw Loan, if funded, would bear the same interest rate as the original term loan.

In January 2023, the Company, certain other subsidiary guarantors of the Company, CO Finance LVS VI LLC and OC III LFE II LP (collectively, the “Loan Parties”) entered into Amendment No. 6 to Credit Agreement (the “Sixth Amendment”), with respect to the Credit Agreement. The Sixth Amendment amends the Credit Agreement to extend the date for the Company to draw on the Delayed Draw Loan of $15,000 from January 31, 2023 to March 3, 2023.

In February 2023, the Loan Parties entered into Amendment No. 7 to Credit Agreement (the “Seventh Amendment”), with respect to the Credit Agreement. The Seventh Amendment amends the Credit Agreement to extend the date for the Company to draw on the Delayed Draw Loan of $15,000 from March 3, 2023 to April 3, 2023 (“Delayed Draw Extension Deadline”).

In March 2023, prior to the Delayed Draw Extension Deadline, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among the Company and OC III LFE II LP (the “Purchaser”) pursuant to which the Company will issue approximately 85,000 shares of new non-convertible Series C Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.01 (the “Preferred Stock”) at an initial stated value of $1,000 per share. The total purchase price and aggregate number of shares will depend on the total debt outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement as of the closing date. Upon closing of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement (the “Closing”), the Purchaser will receive a detached warrant to purchase up to an estimated 3% shares of Common Stock of the Company outstanding as of the Closing, for an exercise price equal to the average price of the Company’s Common Stock thirty (30) days prior to the date of announcement of the contemplated transaction.

The Company expects to use the proceeds from the issuance of the Preferred Stock to repay in-full, in-cash all of the principal amount of the outstanding Term Loan Credit Agreement, together with all accrued unpaid interest, fees, penalties, and other obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement. Any excess proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes.

In March 2023, contemporaneous with the execution of the Purchase Agreement and the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Reimbursement Agreement (as defined below), the Loan Parties, the Purchaser, and the designated disbursing and collateral agent (the “Agent”) entered into Amendment No. 8 to Credit Agreement (the “Eighth Amendment”), with respect to the Credit Agreement. The Eighth Amendment amends the Credit Agreement to provide the Company the option to pay all interest during the period between signing of the Purchase Agreement and the Closing (the “Pre-Closing Period”) in kind.

Reimbursement Agreement

Pursuant to the Third Amendment, on July 30, 2021, the Company, the Lender, Alter Domus (US) LLC, as calculation agent, and the Agent entered into a reimbursement agreement (the “Reimbursement Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed to reimburse the Agent, for the account of the Lender, in the event of any drawings under the Third Amendment Letter of Credit by the Revolving Loan Lender.

12

The Company shall make certain other payments as set forth below, so long as the Third Amendment Letter of Credit remains outstanding:

Letter of Credit Fee

The Company shall pay to Agent, for the account of Lender, an annual fee of $500, which shall be due and payable quarterly beginning on August 2, 2021, and every three months thereafter. In connection with the Closing, the Purchaser has agreed to extend the maturity date of the Third Amendment Letter of Credit for two (2) years and reduce the Letter of Credit Fee paid by the Company to $375 per quarter.

Equity Fee

Every three months (the “Measurement Period”), commencing on August 6, 2021, the Company shall pay to the Lender or designee thereof a fee (the “Equity Fee”) payable in shares of Common Stock. The Equity Fee shall be calculated by dividing $1,000 by the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Market for the ten (10) trading days ending on the last business day of the applicable Measurement Period. The Company may pay the Equity Fee in cash if certain conditions are met.

The Equity Fee shall no longer be paid once the Company has issued Equity Fees in an amount of Common Stock equal to 9.99% multiplied by the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of July 30, 2021, rounded down to the nearest whole share of Common Stock, or 1,547,266 shares of Common Stock (the “Maximum Equity”). Through March 31, 2023, the Company has paid the Maximum Equity.

Cash Fee

The Company shall pay to the Agent, for the account of the Lender or a designee thereof a cash fee (the “Cash Fee”) which shall be due and payable in cash quarterly beginning on the date that the Maximum Equity has been issued and thereafter on the business day immediately succeeding the last business day of the applicable Measurement Period. The Cash Fee shall be equal to $1,000, provided that, in the quarter in which the Maximum Equity is issued, such fee shall be equitably reduced by the value of any Equity Fee issued by the Company that quarter.

Amendment to Reimbursement Agreement

In March 2023, the Company, the Purchaser, the Agent, and the designated calculation agent entered into Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Reimbursement Agreement (“First Amendment to Amended and Restated Reimbursement Agreement”), pursuant to which the parties have agreed the Letter of Credit Fee, Equity Fee or Cash Fee that would otherwise be due and payable for the Pre-Closing Period will accrue and become payable and be paid on the date the Pre-Closing Period terminates.

Warrants

In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued to an affiliate of the Lender (the “Warrantholder”) a warrant (the “2020 Warrant”), pursuant to that certain warrant acquisition agreement, dated as of October 13, 2020, by and between the Company and the Lender, to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 23% of the outstanding Common Stock on a fully-diluted basis at the time the 2020 Warrant is exercised (after giving effect to such issuance). The 2020 Warrant was issued on November 24, 2020 and is exercisable for a term of ten (10) years from the date of the issuance of the 2020 Warrant. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the 2020 Warrant was exercisable for an aggregate of 6,816,190 and 6,799,139 shares, respectively, of Common Stock with a per share exercise price of $0.01. The Company determined that the 2020 Warrant should be accounted for as a derivative instrument and classified as a liability on its Consolidated Balance Sheets primarily due to the instrument obligating the Company to settle the 2020 Warrant in a variable number of shares of Common Stock. The 2020 Warrant was recorded at fair value and is treated as a discount on the term loan. The discount on the associated debt is amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement and included in interest expense.

Pursuant to the Fourth Amendment and a warrant acquisition agreement, dated as of December 30, 2021, the Company issued to the Lender a warrant (the “2021 Warrant”) to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 5% of the outstanding Common Stock on a fully-diluted basis at the time the 2021 Warrant is exercised. The 2021 Warrant has an exercise price of $0.01 and a term of ten years. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the 2021 Warrant was exercisable for an aggregate of 1,481,781 and 1,473,726 shares of Common Stock, respectively with a per share exercise price of $0.01.

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The 2020 Warrant, 2021 Warrant, and 2022 Warrant collectively are referred to herein as the “Warrant”. The following schedule shows the change in fair value of the Warrant as of March 31, 2023.

Warrant liability as of December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 31,028 |
Change in fair value |  |  | (613 | )
Warrant liability as of March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 30,415 |

The change in fair value of the Warrant is reported on a separate line in the consolidated statement of operations. The Credit Agreement is presented net of the unamortized discount and unamortized deferred financing costs.

To the extent the Delayed Draw Loan is funded, the Company has agreed to issue to the Lender a warrant (the “3% Additional Warrant”) to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 3% of the outstanding Common Stock on a fully-diluted basis at the time the 3% Additional Warrant is exercised (after giving effect to such issuance). The 3% Additional Warrant, if issued, will have an exercise price of $0.01 and a term of ten years.

Siena Loan and Security Agreement

In October 2020, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Siena Loan Agreement”) by and among the Company, as guarantor, and certain of its subsidiaries, as borrowers (together with the Company, the “Revolving Loan Parties”), and Siena Lending Group LLC, as lender (“Revolving Loan Lender”). Pursuant to the Siena Loan Agreement, the Revolving Loan Lender provided an asset backed credit facility, in the maximum aggregate principal amount of up to $20,000 (the “Maximum Revolving Facility Amount”) consisting of revolving loans (the “Revolving Loans”), subject to certain borrowing base requirements set forth in the Siena Loan Agreement.

In July 2021, the Revolving Loan Parties and the Revolving Loan Lender entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement”), which amended and restated the terms and conditions of the Siena Loan Agreement, including, among other things, an increase of $25,000 to the Maximum Revolving Facility Amount.

The Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement has a term ending on October 8, 2023. Revolving Loans outstanding under the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement bear interest, subject to the provisions of the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, at an interest rate of 2% per annum in excess of the Base Rate (as defined in the Siena Loan Agreement).

In February 2022, the Revolving Loan Parties and the Revolving Loan Lender entered into a First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Maximum Revolving Facility Amount was increased to $35,000.

Revolving Loans outstanding under the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement bear interest, subject to the provisions of the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, at a rate of 2% per annum in excess of the Base Rate (as defined in the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement). Notwithstanding the foregoing, Revolving Loans made in respect of Excess Availability (as defined in the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement) arising from clause (b) of the definition of “Borrowing Base” (as defined in the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement) bear interest, subject to the provisions of the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agr eement, at a rate of 1.5% per annum in excess of the Base Rate (as defined in the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement). As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate on outstanding debt under the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement was 9.50% and under the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement was 10.00%.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had $33,839 in outstanding debt under the Siena Loan Agreement and remaining borrowing availability of $215. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $33,825 in outstanding debt under the Siena Loan Agreement and remaining borrowing availability of zero. The Company incurred $1,101 in deferred financing costs related to the Siena Loan Agreement during the fourth quarter of 2020 and incurred $1,037 in additional deferred financing costs related to the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement during the third quarter of 2021. The deferred financing costs are presented as an asset and amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the Siena Loan Agreement.

M&T Credit Agreement

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In April 2019, FreightCar America Leasing 1, LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“FreightCar Leasing Borrower”), entered into a Credit Agreement (the “M&T Credit Agreement”) with M & T Bank, N.A., as lender (“M&T”), with a term that ended on April 16, 2021 (the “Term End”). Pursuant to the M&T Credit Agreement, M&T extended a revolving credit facility to FreightCar Leasing Borrower in an aggregate amount of up to $40,000 for the purpose of financing railcars to be leased to third parties. In connection with the M&T Credit Agreement, (i) FreightCar Leasing LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and parent of FreightCar Leasing Borrower (“FreightCar Leasing Guarantor”), entered into a Guaranty Agreement (the “M&T Guaranty Agreement”) and Pledge Agreement (the “M&T Pledge Agreement”) with M&T.

The Loans outstanding under the M&T Credit Agreement are non-recourse to the assets of the Company or its subsidiaries (other than the assets of FreightCar Leasing Borrower and FreightCar Leasing Guarantor), and bear interest, accrued daily, at the Adjusted LIBOR Rate (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement) or the Adjusted Base Rate (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement).

Between August 2020 and April 2021, FreightCar Leasing Borrower received notices from M&T that various Events of Default (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement) had occurred, including a notice in April 2021 that an Event of Default had occurred due to all amounts outstanding under the M&T Credit Agreement having not been paid by the Term End.

In December 2021 (the “Execution Date”), FreightCar Leasing Borrower, FreightCar Leasing Guarantor (together with FreightCar Leasing Borrower, the “Obligors”), the Company, FreightCar America Railcar Management, LLC (“FCA Management”), and M&T, entered into a Forbearance and Settlement Agreement (the “Forbearance Agreement”) with respect to the M&T Credit Agreement and its related Credit Documents (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement), as well as certain intercompany services agreements related thereto.

Pursuant to the Forbearance Agreement, the Obligors will continue to perform and comply with all of their performance obligations (as opposed to payment obligations) under certain provisions of the M&T Credit Agreement (primarily related to information obligations and the preservation of the collateral pledged by FreightCar Leasing Borrower to M&T pursuant to the M&T Security Agreement (the “Collateral”)) and all the provisions of the M&T Security Agreement.

On December 1, 2023, or sooner if requested by the Lender (the “Turnover Date”), FreightCar Leasing Borrower shall execute and deliver to M&T documents required to deliver and assign to M&T all the leased railcars and related leases serving as Collateral for the M&T Credit Agreement, and the Company shall turn over to M&T certain rents in the amount of $715 that it had previously collected as servicing agent for FreightCar Leasing Borrower.

Upon the Turnover Date and the Obligors’ performance of their respective obligations under the Forbearance Agreement, including the delivery of certain Collateral to M&T upon the Turnover Date, all Obligations (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement) shall be deemed satisfied in full, M&T shall no longer have any further claims against the Obligors under the Credit Documents and the Credit Documents shall automatically terminate and be of no further force or effect except for the provisions thereof that expressly survive termination.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, FreightCar Leasing Borrower had $6,709 and $6,917, respectively, in outstanding debt under the M&T Credit Agreement, which was collateralized by leased railcars with a carrying value of $4,077 and $4,116, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate on outstanding debt under the M&T Credit Agreement was 9.00%.

Note 9 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consist of the following:

|  | Pre-Tax |  |  | Tax |  |  | After-Tax |
Three months ended March 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension liability activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net loss (pre-tax other income) |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 41 |
|  | Pre-Tax |  |  | Tax |  |  | After-Tax |
Three months ended March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pension liability activity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of net loss (pre-tax other income) |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 84 |

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The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consist of the following:

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Unrecognized pension income (cost), net of tax of $6,282 and $6,282, respectively |  | $ | 1,063 |  |  | $ | 1,022 |

Note 10 – Stock-Based Compensation

Total stock-based compensation was $(91) and $4,244 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, there was $1,775 of unearned compensation expense related to restricted stock awards, which will be recognized over the remaining weighted average requisite service period of 26 months. As of March 31, 2023, there was $1,875 of unearned compensation related to time-vested stock options, which will be recognized over the remaining requisite service period of 27 months.

2020 and 2021 Grants of Stock Appreciation Rights

During 2020 and 2021, the Company granted 1,164,464 and 1,735,500 cash settled stock appreciation rights, respectively, to certain employees. Each stock appreciation right represents the right to receive a payment measured by the increase in the fair market value of one share of the Company’s stock from the date of grant of the stock appreciation right to the date of exercise of the stock appreciation right. Cash settled stock appreciation rights are classified as liabilities. The 2020 cash settled stock appreciation rights vest ratably over three years and have a contractual life of 10 years. Vesting of the 2021 cash settled stock appreciation rights was contingent upon the achievement of a thirty-day trailing average fair market value of a share of Common Stock of 133.3% ($3.17) or more of the exercise price per share ($2.38). When vesting of an award of stock-based compensation is dependent upon the attainment of a target stock price, the award is considered to be subject to a market condition. During the first quarter of 2021, the market condition for the 2021 cash settled stock appreciation rights was met. The 2021 cash settled stock appreciation rights vest ratably over three years and have a contractual life of 10 years. The Company measures the fair value of unvested cash settled stock appreciation rights using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and remeasures the fair value of the award each reporting period until the award is vested. Once vested the Company immediately recognizes compensation cost for any changes in fair value of cash settled stock appreciation rights until settlement. Fair value of vested cash settled stock appreciation rights represents the fair market value of one share of the Company’s stock on the measurement date less the exercise price per share. Compensation cost for cash settled stock appreciation rights is trued up each reporting period for changes in fair value pro-rated for the portion of the requisite service period rendered.

The estimated fair value of the cash settled stock appreciation rights was $2,425 as of March 31, 2023 and $6,163 as of March 31, 2022. Stock-based compensation for cash settled stock appreciation rights was $(595) and $3,759 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The fair value of unvested cash settled stock appreciation rights as of March 31, 2023 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option valuation model with the following assumptions:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Expected |  | Risk Free |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Expected |  | Dividend |  | Interest |  | Fair Value |
Grant Year |  | Grant Date |  | Expected Life |  | Volatility |  | Yield |  | Rate |  | Per Award |
2020 |  | 1/24/2020 |  | 3.4 years |  | 94.77% |  | 0.00% |  | 3.84% |  | $ | 2.34 |
2020 |  | 9/14/2020 |  | 4.0 years |  | 90.33% |  | 0.00% |  | 3.76% |  | $ | 2.27 |
2020 |  | 11/30/2020 |  | 4.2 years |  | 88.34% |  | 0.00% |  | 3.73% |  | $ | 2.16 |
2021 |  | 1/5/2021 |  | 4.3 years |  | 87.87% |  | 0.00% |  | 3.71% |  | $ | 2.22 |

Note 11 – Employee Benefit Plans

The Company has a qualified, defined benefit pension plan (the “Plan”) that was established to provide benefits to certain employees. The Plan is frozen and participants are no longer accruing benefits. Generally, contributions to the Plan were not less than the minimum amounts required under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), and not more than the maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes. The Plan assets are held by an independent trustee and consist primarily of equity and fixed income securities.

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The components of net periodic benefit cost (benefit) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
Pension Benefits |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Interest cost |  | $ | 151 |  |  | $ | 276 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | (617 | )
Amortization of unrecognized net income (loss) |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 84 |
|  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | (257 | )

The Company made no contributions to the Company’s defined benefit pension plan for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company expects to make no contributions to its pension plan in 2023.

The Company also maintains qualified defined contribution plans, which provide benefits to employees based on employee contributions and employee earnings with discretionary contributions allowed.

Note 12 – Earnings Per Share

The weighted-average common shares outstanding are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 16,792,292 |  |  |  | 15,678,143 |
Issuance of Warrants |  |  | 9,753,171 |  |  |  | 7,540,504 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic |  |  | 26,545,463 |  |  |  | 23,218,647 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted |  |  | 26,545,463 |  |  |  | 23,218,647 |

The Company computes earnings per share using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for common stock and participating securities. The Company’s participating securities are its grants of restricted stock which contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends. The Company allocates earnings between both classes; however, in periods of undistributed losses, they are only allocated to common shares as the unvested restricted stockholders do not contractually participate in losses of the Company. The Company computes basic earnings per share by dividing net income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Warrants issued in connection with the Company's long-term debt were issued at a nominal exercise price and are considered outstanding at the date of issuance. Diluted earnings per share is calculated to give effect to all potentially dilutive common shares that were outstanding during the period. Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding include the incremental shares that would be issued upon the assumed exercise of stock options and the assumed vesting of nonvested share awards. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, 2,086,898 and 1,694,483 shares, respectively, were not included in the weighted average common shares outstanding calculation as they were anti-dilutive.

Note 13 – Restructuring and Impairment Charges

In connection with the planned closure of the manufacturing facility in Cherokee, Alabama (the “Shoals Facility”) in 2021, the Company reached an agreement with the Shoals Facility owner and landlord to (i) shorten the Shoals lease term by amending the expiration date to the end of February 2021 and (ii) waive the base rent payable under the original lease for the months of October 2020 through February 2021. Property, plant and equipment with an estimated fair value of $10,148 was sold or transferred to the Shoals landlord during 2021 as consideration for the landlord’s entry into the lease amendment and the aforementioned rent waiver.

There were no restructuring and impairment charges during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. There were no remaining restructuring and impairment costs accrued for during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Restructuring related employee severance and retention costs of $73 were accrued for at March 31, 2022, with employee severance and retention cash payments made of $90 during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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Note 14 – Related Parties

The following persons are owners of Fabricaciones y Servicios de México, S.A. de C.V. (“Fasemex”): Jesus Gil, VP Operations and director of the Company; and Alejandro Gil and Salvador Gil, siblings of Jesus Gil. Fasemex owns approximately 11.0% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock as of March 31, 2023. Fasemex provides steel fabrication services to the Company. The lessors of the Company’s leased facility in Castaños have been Jesus Gil, Alejandro Gil, and Salvador Gil. The Company paid $4,088 and $12,209 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to rent payment, security deposit, fabrication services and royalty payments. Distribuciones Industriales JAS S.A. de C.V. (“DI”) is owned by Alejandro Gil and Salvador Gil. The Company paid $950 and $508 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to DI related to material and safety supplies. Maquinaria y Equipo de Transporte Jova S.A. de C.V. (“METJ”) is owned by Jorge Gil, another sibling of Jesus Gil. The Company paid $598 and $599 during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, to METJ related to trucking services.

Related party asset on the condensed consolidated balance sheet of $1,815 as of March 31, 2023 includes prepaid inventory of $768 and other receivables of $1,047 from Fasemex. Related party accounts payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheet of $1,430 as of March 31, 2023 includes $609 payable to Fasemex, $377 payable to DI and $444 payable to METJ. Related party asset on the condensed consolidated balance sheet of $3,261 as of December 31, 2022 includes prepaid inventory of $2,014 and other receivables of $1,247 from Fasemex. Related party accounts payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheet of $3,393 as of December 31, 2022 includes $2,475 payable to Fasemex, $572 payable to DI and $346 payable to METJ.

The Warrantholder beneficially owns approximately 41.2% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock (as disclosed by the Warrantholder in its Schedule 13D/A No. 6 filed with the SEC on March 29, 2023). The Company paid $3,273 to the Warrantholder during the three months ended March 31, 2023 for term loan interest, of which $1,615 was paid in cash and $1,658 was payment in kind. Additionally, the Company paid $535 in equity fees and $587 in c ash fees during the three months ended March 31, 2023 to the Warrantholder related to the standby letter of credit described in Note 8 – Debt Financing and Revolving Credit Facilitie s.

Note 15 – Income Taxes

The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items. The Company’s reported effective income tax rate was (2.25)% and (0.99)% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2023 varies from the U.S. statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to earnings from international jurisdictions and permanent differences, predominantly Mexico, taxed at higher tax rates and a full valuation allowance in the U.S. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2022 was lower than the 21% U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to earnings from international jurisdictions and permanent differences and discrete events, predominantly Mexico, taxed at higher tax rates and a full valuation allowance in the U.S.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements including, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and prospects. We have used the words “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “plan,” “likely,” “unlikely,” “intend” and similar expressions in this report to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. However, forward-looking statements inherently involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties relate to, among other things, the cyclical nature of our business, the competitive nature of our industry, our reliance upon a small number of customers that represent a large percentage of our sales, the variable purchase patterns of our customers and the timing of completion, delivery and customer acceptance of orders, fluctuating costs of raw materials, including steel and aluminum, delays in the delivery of raw materials, the risk of lack of acceptance of our new railcar offerings, the potential financial and operational impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and other competitive factors. The factors listed above are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include additional factors that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. New factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for management to predict the impact of all of these factors on our business, financial condition or results of operations or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not rely on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. We expressly disclaim any duty to provide updates to forward-looking statements, and the estimates and assumptions associated with them, in order to reflect changes in circumstances or expectations or the occurrence of unanticipated events except to the extent required by applicable securities laws.

OVERVIEW

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on management’s current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and operations. Our actual results may differ materially from those currently anticipated and expressed in such forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

We are a diversified manufacturer of railcars and railcar components. We design and manufacture a broad variety of railcar types for transportation of bulk commodities and containerized freight products primarily in North America. We rebuild and convert railcars and sell forged, cast and fabricated parts for all of the railcars we produce, as well as those manufactured by others. We also lease freight cars. Our primary customers are financial institutions, railroads and shippers.

Total new orders received for railcars for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were 1,960 units, consisting of 1,770 new railcars and 190 rebuilt railcars, compared to orders for 855 units, consisting of 657 new railcars and 198 rebuilt railcars for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Total backlog of unfilled orders was 3,667 units at March 31, 2023, compared to 2,445 railcars as of December 31, 2022. The estimated sales value of the backlog was $413 million and $288 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The increase in the number of orders for new railcars for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the prior year period is a reflection of improvement in the railcar equipment market.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2022

Revenues

Our consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $81.0 million compared to $93.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Manufacturing segment revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $77.6 million compared to $90.1 million for the corresponding prior year period. The $12.5 million decrease in Manufacturing segment revenues was driven by a decrease in the volume of railcar units delivered, as well as a lower average selling price per railcar. Railcar deliveries in the three months ended March 31, 2023 totaled 738 units, consisting of 639 new railcars and 99 rebuilt railcars, compared to 783 units in the same period of 2022, consisting of 437 new railcars and 346 rebuilt railcars. Corporate and Other revenues were $3.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $3.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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Gross Profit

Our consolidated gross profit was $7.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $10.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Manufacturing segment gross profit was $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $9.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The $2.6 million decrease in consolidated gross profit and $2.9 million decrease in Manufacturing segment gross profit reflect an unfavorable volume variance and lower average selling price per railcar.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were $6.4 million compared to $10.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The $4.3 million decrease in consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was primarily due to a $4.3 million decrease in stock-based compensation expenses. Manufacturing segment selling, general and administrative expenses were $0.8 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the three months ended March 31, 2022. Manufacturing segment selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were 1.0% of revenue, compared to 0.9% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Corporate and Other selling, general and administrative expenses were $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $9.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The $4.3 million decrease in Corporate and Other selling, general and administrative expenses is primarily a result of the previously mentioned decrease in stock-based compensation expenses in the current year.

Operating Income (Loss)

Our consolidated operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $1.1 million compared to a $0.7 million operating loss for the three months ended March 31, 2022 driven primarily by the previously mentioned decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses. Operating income for the Manufacturing segment was $5.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to an operating income of $8.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, reflecting the decrease in railcars delivered and average selling price of railcars during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the 2022 period. Corporate and Other operating loss was $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $9.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The $4.7 million decrease in operating loss is primarily a result of the previously mentioned decrease in stock-based compensation expenses.

Income Taxes

Our income tax provision was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Net Loss

As a result of the changes and results discussed above, net loss was $5.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $25.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, basic and diluted net loss per share was $0.19 compared to $1.11 for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalent balances on hand and our credit and debt facilities outlined below.

Credit Agreement

In October 2020, the Company entered into a $40,000 Credit Agreement (as amended from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Company, as guarantor, FreightCar North America, LLC (“Borrower” and together with the Company and certain other subsidiary guarantors, collectively, the “Loan Parties”), CO Finance LVS VI LLC, as lender (the “Lender”), and U.S. Bank National Association, as disbursing agent and collateral agent (“Agent”). The $40,000 term loan under the Credit Agreement closed and was funded on November 24, 2020 (the “Closing Date”). The Company incurred $2,872 in deferred financing costs that are presented as a reduction of the long-term debt balance and amortized to interest expense over the term of the Credit Agreement.

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The term loan outstanding under the Credit Agreement bears interest, at Borrower’s option and subject to the provisions of the Credit Agreement, at Base Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) or Eurodollar Rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement) plus the Applicable Margin (as defined in the Credit Agreement) for each such interest rate set forth in the Credit Agreement. As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate on the original advance under the Credit Agreement was 17.5%.

In May 2021, the Loan Parties entered into an Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) with Lender and the Agent, pursuant to which the principal amount of the Credit Agreement was increased by $16,000 to a total of $56,000 (the “Additional Loan”). The Additional Loan closed and was funded on May 17, 2021. The Company incurred $480 in deferred financing costs related to the Second Amendment which are presented as a reduction of the long-term debt balance and amortized on a straight-line basis to interest expense over the term of the Second Amendment. As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate on the Second Amendment under the Credit Agreement was 17.2%.

Pursuant to the Second Amendment, in the event that the Additional Loan was not repaid in full by March 31, 2022, the Company was to issue to the Lender and/or a Lender affiliate, a warrant (the “2022 Warrant”) to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 5% of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock on a fully-diluted basis at the time the 2022 Warrant is exercised. The Company believed it was probable that the 2022 Warrant would be issued and recorded an additional Warrant liability of $7,351 during the third quarter of 2021. The 2022 Warrant was issued on April 4, 2022 with an exercise price of $0.01 and a term of ten (10) years. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the 2022 Warrant was exercisable for an aggregate of 1,481,781 and 1,473,726 shares of Common Stock, respectively with a per share exercise price of $0.01.

Pursuant to the Second Amendment, the Company was required to, among other things, i) obtain a term sheet for additional financing of no less than $15,000 by July 31, 2021 and ii) file a registration statement on Form S-3 registering Company securities by no later than August 31, 2021. The Company has met each of the aforementioned obligations. The form S-3 registering Company securities was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 27, 2021 and became effective on September 9, 2021.

In July 2021, the Loan Parties entered into an Amendment No. 3 to Credit Agreement (the “Third Amendment”) with the Lender and the Agent, pursuant to which, among other things, Lender obtained a standby letter of credit (as may be amended from time to time, the “Third Amendment Letter of Credit”) from Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., in the principal amount of $25,000 for the account of the Company and for the benefit of the Revolving Loan Lender (as defined below).

In December 2021, the Loan Parties entered into an Amendment No. 4 to Credit Agreement (the “Fourth Amendment”) with the Lender and the Agent, pursuant to which the principal amount of the term loan credit facility was increased by $15,000 to a total of $71,000, with such additional $15,000 (the “Delayed Draw Loan”) to be funded, at the Borrower’s option, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent set forth in the Fourth Amendment. The Borrower had the option to draw on the Delayed Draw Loan through January 31, 2023. The Delayed Draw Loan, if funded, would bear the same interest rate as the original term loan.

In January 2023, the Company, certain other subsidiary guarantors of the Company, CO Finance LVS VI LLC and OC III LFE II LP (collectively, the “Loan Parties”) entered into Amendment No. 6 to Credit Agreement (the “Sixth Amendment”), with respect to the Credit Agreement. The Sixth Amendment amends the Credit Agreement to extend the date for the Company to draw on the Delayed Draw Loan of $15,000 from January 31, 2023 to March 3, 2023.

In February 2023, the Loan Parties entered into Amendment No. 7 to Credit Agreement (the “Seventh Amendment”), with respect to the Credit Agreement. The Seventh Amendment amends the Credit Agreement to extend the date for the Company to draw on the Delayed Draw Loan of $15,000 from March 3, 2023 to April 3, 2023 (“Delayed Draw Extension Deadline”).

In March 2023, prior to the Delayed Draw Extension Deadline, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among the Company and OC III LFE II LP (the “Purchaser”) pursuant to which the Company will issue approximately 85,000 shares of new non-convertible Series C Preferred Stock of the Company, par value $0.01 (the “Preferred Stock”) at an initial stated value of $1,000 per share. The total purchase price and aggregate number of shares will depend on the total debt outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Agreement as of the closing date. Upon closing of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement (the “Closing”), the Purchaser will receive a detached warrant to purchase up to an estimated 3% shares of Common Stock of the Company outstanding as of the Closing, for an exercise price equal to the average price of the Company’s Common Stock thirty (30) days prior to the date of announcement of the contemplated transaction.

The Company expects to use the proceeds from the issuance of the Preferred Stock to repay in-full, in-cash all of the principal amount of the outstanding Term Loan Credit Agreement, together with all accrued unpaid interest, fees, penalties, and other obligations under the Term Loan Credit Agreement. Any excess proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes.

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In March 2023, contemporaneous with the execution of the Purchase Agreement and the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Reimbursement Agreement (as defined below), the Loan Parties, the Purchaser, and the designated disbursing and collateral agent (the “Agent”) entered into Amendment No. 8 to Credit Agreement (the “Eighth Amendment”), with respect to the Credit Agreement. The Eighth Amendment amends the Credit Agreement to provide the Company the option to pay all interest during the period between signing of the Purchase Agreement and the Closing (the “Pre-Closing Period”) in kind.

Reimbursement Agreement

Pursuant to the Third Amendment, on July 30, 2021, the Company, the Lender, Alter Domus (US) LLC, as calculation agent, and the Agent entered into a reimbursement agreement (the “Reimbursement Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed to reimburse the Agent, for the account of the Lender, in the event of any drawings under the Third Amendment Letter of Credit by the Revolving Loan Lender.

The Company shall make certain other payments as set forth below, so long as the Third Amendment Letter of Credit remains outstanding:

Letter of Credit Fee

The Company shall pay to Agent, for the account of Lender, an annual fee of $500, which shall be due and payable quarterly beginning on August 2, 2021, and every three months thereafter. In connection with the Closing, the Purchaser has agreed to extend the maturity date of the Third Amendment Letter of Credit for two (2) years and reduce the Letter of Credit Fee paid by the Company to $375 per quarter.

Equity Fee

Every three months (the “Measurement Period”), commencing on August 6, 2021, the Company shall pay to the Lender or designee thereof a fee (the “Equity Fee”) payable in shares of Common Stock. The Equity Fee shall be calculated by dividing $1,000 by the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Market for the ten (10) trading days ending on the last business day of the applicable Measurement Period. The Company may pay the Equity Fee in cash if certain conditions are met.

The Equity Fee shall no longer be paid once the Company has issued Equity Fees in an amount of Common Stock equal to 9.99% multiplied by the total number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of July 30, 2021, rounded down to the nearest whole share of Common Stock, or 1,547,266 shares of Common Stock (the “Maximum Equity”). Through March 31, 2023, the Company has paid the Maximum Equity.

Cash Fee

The Company shall pay to the Agent, for the account of the Lender or a designee thereof a cash fee (the “Cash Fee”) which shall be due and payable in cash quarterly beginning on the date that the Maximum Equity has been issued and thereafter on the business day immediately succeeding the last business day of the applicable Measurement Period. The Cash Fee shall be equal to $1,000, provided that, in the quarter in which the Maximum Equity is issued, such fee shall be equitably reduced by the value of any Equity Fee issued by the Company that quarter.

Amendment to Reimbursement Agreement

In March 2023, the Company, the Purchaser, the Agent, and the designated calculation agent entered into Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Reimbursement Agreement (“First Amendment to Amended and Restated Reimbursement Agreement”), pursuant to which the parties have agreed the Letter of Credit Fee, Equity Fee or Cash Fee that would otherwise be due and payable for the Pre-Closing Period will accrue and become payable and be paid on the date the Pre-Closing Period terminates.

Warrants

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In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company issued to an affiliate of the Lender (the “Warrantholder”) a warrant (the “2020 Warrant”), pursuant to that certain warrant acquisition agreement, dated as of October 13, 2020, by and between the Company and the Lender, to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 23% of the outstanding Common Stock on a fully-diluted basis at the time the 2020 Warrant is exercised (after giving effect to such issuance). The 2020 Warrant was issued on November 24, 2020 and is exercisable for a term of ten (10) years from the date of the issuance of the 2020 Warrant. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the 2020 Warrant was exercisable for an aggregate of 6,816,190 and 6,799,139 shares, respectively, of Common Stock with a per share exercise price of $0.01. The Company determined that the 2020 Warrant should be accounted for as a derivative instrument and classified as a liability on its Consolidated Balance Sheets primarily due to the instrument obligating the Company to settle the 2020 Warrant in a variable number of shares of Common Stock. The 2020 Warrant was recorded at fair value and is treated as a discount on the term loan. The discount on the associated debt is amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement and included in interest expense.

Pursuant to the Fourth Amendment and a warrant acquisition agreement, dated as of December 30, 2021, the Company issued to the Lender a warrant (the “2021 Warrant”) to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 5% of the outstanding Common Stock on a fully-diluted basis at the time the 2021 Warrant is exercised. The 2021 Warrant has an exercise price of $0.01 and a term of ten years. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the 2021 Warrant was exercisable for an aggregate of 1,481,781 and 1,473,726 shares of Common Stock, respectively with a per share exercise price of $0.01.

The 2020 Warrant, 2021 Warrant, and 2022 Warrant collectively are referred to herein as the “Warrant”. The following schedule shows the change in fair value of the Warrant as of March 31, 2023.

Warrant liability as of December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 31,028 |
Change in fair value |  |  | (613 | )
Warrant liability as of March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 30,415 |

The change in fair value of the Warrant is reported on a separate line in the consolidated statement of operations. The Credit Agreement is presented net of the unamortized discount and unamortized deferred financing costs.

To the extent the Delayed Draw Loan is funded, the Company has agreed to issue to the Lender a warrant (the “3% Additional Warrant”) to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 3% of the outstanding Common Stock on a fully-diluted basis at the time the 3% Additional Warrant is exercised (after giving effect to such issuance). The 3% Additional Warrant, if issued, will have an exercise price of $0.01 and a term of ten years.

Siena Loan and Security Agreement

In October 2020, the Company entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Siena Loan Agreement”) by and among the Company, as guarantor, and certain of its subsidiaries, as borrowers (together with the Company, the “Revolving Loan Parties”), and Siena Lending Group LLC, as lender (“Revolving Loan Lender”). Pursuant to the Siena Loan Agreement, the Revolving Loan Lender provided an asset backed credit facility, in the maximum aggregate principal amount of up to $20,000 (the “Maximum Revolving Facility Amount”) consisting of revolving loans (the “Revolving Loans”), subject to certain borrowing base requirements set forth in the Siena Loan Agreement.

In July 2021, the Revolving Loan Parties and the Revolving Loan Lender entered into an Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement”), which amended and restated the terms and conditions of the Siena Loan Agreement, including, among other things, an increase of $25,000 to the Maximum Revolving Facility Amount.

The Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement has a term ending on October 8, 2023. Revolving Loans outstanding under the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement bear interest, subject to the provisions of the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, at an interest rate of 2% per annum in excess of the Base Rate (as defined in the Siena Loan Agreement).

In February 2022, the Revolving Loan Parties and the Revolving Loan Lender entered into a First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the “First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Maximum Revolving Facility Amount was increased to $35,000.

Revolving Loans outstanding under the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement bear interest, subject to the provisions of the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, at a rate of 2% per annum in excess of the Base Rate (as defined in the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement). Notwithstanding the foregoing, Revolving Loans made in respect of Excess Availability (as defined in the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement) arising from clause (b) of the definition of “Borrowing Base” (as defined in the First Amendment to Amended

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and Restated Loan and Security Agreement) bear interest, subject to the provisions of the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, at a rate of 1.5% per annum in excess of the Base Rate (as defined in the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement). As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate on outstanding debt under the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement was 9.50% and under the First Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement was 10.00%.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company had $33,839 in outstanding debt under the Siena Loan Agreement and remaining borrowing availability of $215. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had $33,825 in outstanding debt under the Siena Loan Agreement and remaining borrowing availability of zero. The Company incurred $1,101 in deferred financing costs related to the Siena Loan Agreement during the fourth quarter of 2020 and incurred $1,037 in additional deferred financing costs related to the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement during the third quarter of 2021. The deferred financing costs are presented as an asset and amortized to interest expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the Siena Loan Agreement.

M&T Credit Agreement

In April 2019, FreightCar America Leasing 1, LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“FreightCar Leasing Borrower”), entered into a Credit Agreement (the “M&T Credit Agreement”) with M & T Bank, N.A., as lender (“M&T”), with a term that ended on April 16, 2021 (the “Term End”). Pursuant to the M&T Credit Agreement, M&T extended a revolving credit facility to FreightCar Leasing Borrower in an aggregate amount of up to $40,000 for the purpose of financing railcars to be leased to third parties. In connection with the M&T Credit Agreement, (i) FreightCar Leasing LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and parent of FreightCar Leasing Borrower (“FreightCar Leasing Guarantor”), entered into a Guaranty Agreement (the “M&T Guaranty Agreement”) and Pledge Agreement (the “M&T Pledge Agreement”) with M&T.

The Loans outstanding under the M&T Credit Agreement are non-recourse to the assets of the Company or its subsidiaries (other than the assets of FreightCar Leasing Borrower and FreightCar Leasing Guarantor), and bear interest, accrued daily, at the Adjusted LIBOR Rate (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement) or the Adjusted Base Rate (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement).

Between August 2020 and April 2021, FreightCar Leasing Borrower received notices from M&T that various Events of Default (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement) had occurred, including a notice in April 2021 that an Event of Default had occurred due to all amounts outstanding under the M&T Credit Agreement having not been paid by the Term End.

In December 2021 (the “Execution Date”), FreightCar Leasing Borrower, FreightCar Leasing Guarantor (together with FreightCar Leasing Borrower, the “Obligors”), the Company, FreightCar America Railcar Management, LLC (“FCA Management”), and M&T, entered into a Forbearance and Settlement Agreement (the “Forbearance Agreement”) with respect to the M&T Credit Agreement and its related Credit Documents (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement), as well as certain intercompany services agreements related thereto.

Pursuant to the Forbearance Agreement, the Obligors will continue to perform and comply with all of their performance obligations (as opposed to payment obligations) under certain provisions of the M&T Credit Agreement (primarily related to information obligations and the preservation of the collateral pledged by FreightCar Leasing Borrower to M&T pursuant to the M&T Security Agreement (the “Collateral”)) and all the provisions of the M&T Security Agreement.

On December 1, 2023, or sooner if requested by the Lender (the “Turnover Date”), FreightCar Leasing Borrower shall execute and deliver to M&T documents required to deliver and assign to M&T all the leased railcars and related leases serving as Collateral for the M&T Credit Agreement, and the Company shall turn over to M&T certain rents in the amount of $715 that it had previously collected as servicing agent for FreightCar Leasing Borrower.

Upon the Turnover Date and the Obligors’ performance of their respective obligations under the Forbearance Agreement, including the delivery of certain Collateral to M&T upon the Turnover Date, all Obligations (as defined in the M&T Credit Agreement) shall be deemed satisfied in full, M&T shall no longer have any further claims against the Obligors under the Credit Documents and the Credit Documents shall automatically terminate and be of no further force or effect except for the provisions thereof that expressly survive termination.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, FreightCar Leasing Borrower had $6,709 and $6,917, respectively, in outstanding debt under the M&T Credit Agreement, which was collateralized by leased railcars with a carrying value of $4,077 and $4,116, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, the interest rate on outstanding debt under the M&T Credit Agreement was 9.00%.

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Additional Liquidity Factors

Our restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents and restricted certificates of deposit balances were $4.8 million and $4.1 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Restricted deposits of $0.3 million as of each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 relate to a customer deposit for the purchase of railcars. Restricted deposits of $3.6 million as of each of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are used to collateralize standby letters of credit with respect to performance guarantees. The standby letters of credit outstanding as of March 31, 2023 are a requirement as long as the performance guarantees are in place. Restricted deposits of $0.9 million as of March 31, 2023 and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2022 relate to an employee savings fund paid biannually in Mexico.

Based on our current level of operations and known changes in planned volume based on our backlog, we believe that our cash balances will be sufficient to meet our expected liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months. Our long-term liquidity is contingent upon future operating performance and our ability to continue to meet financial covenants under our revolving credit facilities, our Credit Agreement and any other indebtedness and the availability of additional financing if needed. We may also require additional capital in the future to fund working capital as demand for railcars increases, payments for contractual obligations, organic growth opportunities, including new plant and equipment and development of railcars, joint ventures, international expansion and acquisitions, and these capital requirements could be substantial.

Based upon our operating performance and capital requirements, we may, from time to time, be required to raise additional funds through additional offerings of our equity or debt and through long-term borrowings. There can be no assurance that long-term debt, if needed, will be available on terms attractive to us, or at all. Furthermore, any additional equity financing may be dilutive to stockholders and debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants. Our failure to raise capital if and when needed could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flow activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | (In thousands) |
Net cash (used in) provided by: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities |  | $ | (7,704 | ) |  | $ | 7,645 |
Investing activities |  |  | (1,960 | ) |  |  | (960 | )
Financing activities |  |  | (449 | ) |  |  | 8,086 |
Total |  | $ | (10,113 | ) |  | $ | 14,771 |

Operating Activities. Our net cash (used in) provided by operating activities reflects net loss adjusted for non-cash charges and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Cash flows from operating activities are affected by several factors, including fluctuations in business volume, contract terms for billings and collections, the timing of collections on our contract receivables, processing of bi-weekly payroll and associated taxes, payments to our suppliers and other operating activities. As some of our customers accept delivery of new railcars in train-set quantities, variations in our sales lead to significant fluctuations in our operating profits and cash from operating activities.

Our net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $7.7 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Our net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 reflects changes in working capital, including increases in inventory of $19.7 million offset by decreases in VAT receivable of $3.0 million and increases in accounts payable of $9.7 million. Increases in accounts payable and inventory relate to inventory to be used in production of railcars to be delivered during 2023. VAT receivable decreased as a result of recovering VAT refunds during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Our net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 reflects changes in working capital, including increases in customer deposits of $18.7 million which were partially offset by increases in accounts receivable of $12.5 million.

Investing Activities. Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $2.0 million and consisted of capital expenditures related to the expansion of the Castaños Facility. Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $1.0 million and consisted of capital expenditures related to the construction in progress for the Castaños Facility operations.

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Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $0.4 million which included net borrowings on revolving line of credit of $0.2 million, principal payments on the finance lease of $0.1 million and employee stock settlements of $0.1 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $8.1 million which primarily consisted of net borrowings on our revolving line of credit.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures were $2.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $1.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022. We anticipate capital expenditures during 2023 to be in the range of $11.0 million to $12.0 million, primarily related to the expansion of the Castaños Facility.

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Item 4. C ontrols and Procedures.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company’s management evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of March 31, 2023. Based on their evaluation, the Company’s management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, the Company is involved in certain pending and threatened legal proceedings in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the Company is not aware of any such proceedings that are expected to be material to the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a)
Exhibits filed as part of this Form 10-Q:

10.1 | Amendment No. 6 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of January 30, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22.6 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Commission on March 27, 2023).
10.2 | Amendment No. 7 to the Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of February 27, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22.7 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Commission on March 27, 2023).
31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGN ATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | FREIGHTCAR AMERICA, INC.
Date: May 9, 2023 |  | By: | /s/ JAMES R. MEYER
|  |  | James R. Meyer, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 9, 2023 |  | By: | /s/ MICHAEL A. RIORDAN
|  |  | Michael A. Riordan, Vice President, Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: May 9, 2023 |  | By: | /s/ JUAN CARLOS FUENTES SIERRA
|  |  | Juan Carlos Fuentes Sierra, Corporate Controller and Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)

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