The Company has various operating leases, which include facility leases and equipment leases. Operating leases are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets as both a right-of-use asset ("ROU asset") and lease liability, which are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. In determining the present value of these lease payments, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate ("IBR") based on the information available at the lease commencement date if the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. The Company’s IBR represents the interest rate that the Company would expect to incur at lease commencement to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, in an economic environment where the leased asset is located. In determining the lease term, the Company includes all renewal options that are reasonably probable to be executed.

The Company leases its corporate headquarters in Menlo Park, California. The lease commenced in August 2021 and was originally for a term of 37 months from the commencement date. In December 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the lease, extending the lease term an additional 26 months until October 31, 2026. Upon signing the amendment, the Company recorded an aggregate lease ROU asset and lease liability of $1.2 million. The lease ROU asset and corresponding lease liability were estimated using a weighted-average IBR of 11.40%. Total base rent for the amended 34 months under the amended lease agreement is approximately $1.5 million.

The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the noncancelable lease term. The Company’s rent expense was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s rent expense was $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the nine months ended

September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of September 30, 2025, the weighted average remaining lease term for the leases was 1.1 years.

Operating lease expense and supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Operating lease expense	$	146	$	196	$	439	$	587
Cash paid for operating leases		154		162		461		582

Aggregate future minimum lease payments as of September 30, 2025, under these noncancelable operating leases were as follows (in thousands):


	As of September 30,
	2025
2025 (remainder)	$	156
2026		497
Total future minimum lease payments	$	653
Less: imputed interest		(37	)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	616
Less: current portion of operating lease liability		(569	)
Noncurrent portion of lease liabilities	$	47

On September 16, 2021, the Company filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware (C.A. No. 1:21-cv-01317) (the “Court”) alleging that Ivantis, Inc. (“Ivantis”) directly and indirectly infringes the Company’s U.S. Patent Nos. 8,287,482, 9,370,443, 9,486,361, and 10,314,742 by making, using, selling, and offering for sale the Hydrus® Microstent. The Company’s complaint seeks money damages and injunctive relief. On January 24, 2022, Ivantis asserted counterclaims requesting declaratory judgments that the Company's asserted patents-in-suit are not infringed and/or invalid. On August 1, 2022, the Company filed an amended complaint alleging that Alcon Inc., Alcon Vision, LLC and Alcon Research, LLC (collectively, “Alcon”) infringe the four originally asserted patents by making, using, selling, and offering for sale the Hydrus® Microstent, and that all defendants also infringe U.S. Patent No. 11,389,328. The defendants asserted counterclaims requesting declaratory judgments that the Company’s asserted patents-in-suit are not infringed and/or are invalid. In September 2022, Ivantis and Alcon filed petitions with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) seeking inter partes review of U.S. Patent Nos. 8,287,482, 9,370,443, 9,486,361, and 10,314,742 (IPR2022-01529, IPR2022-01530, IPR2022-01533, IPR2022-01540), each of which the USPTO denied for raising prior art references and invalidity arguments that were cumulative of those previously considered by the USPTO. On April 26, 2024, at the conclusion of a five-day jury trial, the Company was awarded a positive jury trial verdict of $34 million, comprised of $5.5 million in lost profits damages and $28.5 million in royalty damages for commercial sales of the Hydrus® Microstent for the period between its commercial launch through trial. The patents at issue were U.S. Patent Nos. 8,287,482, 9,370,443, and 11,389,328. In December 2024, the Court heard oral arguments on the parties’ post-trial briefings at the conclusion of which, the Court ordered the parties to engage in non-binding mediation. In March 2025, the Company and Alcon informed the Court that the dispute had not been resolved through mediation and asked the Court to rule on the parties’ post-trial motions and enter a judgement. The judgment has not yet been entered and, once entered, it will be subject to appeal.

In June 2025, Alcon filed petitions with the USPTO for ex parte reexaminations challenging the validity of each of the three patents asserted by the Company at trial, based on prior art patents and publications. The USPTO has granted Alcon’s requests to initiate the reexaminations. It is possible that the April 2024 jury verdict in the Company’s favor, including its ability to collect past damages and ongoing royalties, may be materially and adversely impacted if the reexamination proceedings result in final, non-appealable judgments of invalidity of the asserted claims of the patents-in-suit before a final, non-appealable judgment is entered by the Court in the patent infringement litigation or if the asserted claims are amended during the reexamination proceedings. For example,

entry of such judgments of invalidity by the USPTO could include vacating the jury verdict and a finding that the patents-in-suit are invalid. The Company is presently unable to predict the outcome of this lawsuit or the ex parte reexamination proceedings or to reasonably estimate the potential financial impact of the lawsuit or ex parte reexamination proceedings.

In addition to the foregoing, from time to time, the Company is subject to legal claims, regulatory matters and contingencies in the ordinary course of business. Accruals for these matters are reflected in the financial statements based on management’s assessment, including the advice of legal counsel, of the expected outcome of these matters. Liabilities for estimated losses are accrued if the potential losses from any legal proceedings, regulatory matters or contingencies are considered probable and the amounts can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability of loss and the determination as to whether the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Accruals are based only on information available at the time of the assessment due to the uncertain nature of such matters. As additional information becomes available, management reassesses potential liabilities related to legal claims, regulatory matters and contingencies, and may revise its previous estimates, which could materially affect the Company’s results of operations in a given period.

Except as described above, as of September 30, 2025 the Company was not a party to any legal proceedings, regulatory matters, or other disputes or claims which, if determined adversely, it believes would, individually or taken together, have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, operating results, liquidity, or future prospects.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnifications. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves claims that may be made against the Company in the future, but that have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations.

The Company indemnifies each of its directors and officers for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while the director is or was serving at the Company’s request in such capacity, as permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with its certificate of incorporation and bylaws. The term of the indemnification period lasts as long as a director or officer may be subject to any proceeding arising out of acts or omissions of such director or officer in such capacity. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited; however, the Company currently holds director and officer liability insurance. This insurance allows the transfer of risk associated with the Company’s exposure and may enable it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company believes that the fair value of these indemnification obligations is minimal. Accordingly, the Company has not recognized any liabilities relating to these obligations as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

In August of 2025, the Company implemented a targeted plan, intended to reduce operating expenses, improve cost efficiencies, and better align its operating structure for long-term profitability growth. In connection with the targeted plan, the Company restructured its global workforce in order to reduce operating expenses. Approximately 45% of the employees impacted were in general and administrative functions. The remaining employees were split between research and development and clinical functions, as well as employees in sales and sales management functions.

In conjunction with the execution of the targeted plan, the Company incurred approximately $2.8 million of expense in the third quarter of 2025. The Company does not anticipate incurring any additional costs in execution of the targeted plan. Of this amount, $1.8 million is recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, with $1.0 million recorded in research and development expenses. The expense consists mostly of one-time severance and benefits contribution costs. In addition, the Company recorded a non-cash reversal in stock-based compensation cost of $0.6 million in the third quarter of 2025. As of September 30, 2025, $1.1 million is recorded in accrued expenses for estimated costs incurred with the execution of the plan that remains to be paid to impacted employees.