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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“the “Act”) was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Act reduces the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, requires companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, creates new taxes on certain foreign sourced earnings, provides for acceleration of business asset expensing, and reduces the amount of executive pay that may qualify as a tax deduction, among other changes. FASB ASC 740 requires the recognition of the effects of tax law changes in the period of enactment. However, due to the complexities of the new tax legislation, the SEC has issued SAB 118 which allows for the recognition of provisional amounts during a measurement period.

The Act's one-time transition tax calculation is complex, and as such we made a reasonable estimate of the effects of the one-time transition tax, and recognized a provisional amount in the fourth quarter of 2017. We have since finalized our analysis and subsequently filed our 2017 U.S. income tax return. The actual impact of the one-time transition tax was materially consistent with the provisional amount booked at December 31, 2017.
The Company’s consolidated balance sheets include a net non-current deferred tax liability of $395,000 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Company evaluates the balance of deferred tax assets that will be realized based on the premise that the Company is more likely than not to realize deferred tax benefits through the generation of future taxable income. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had no liability for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not anticipate that unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change within the next twelve months.
Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is estimated to be $228,000, on a loss of $611,000 before income taxes. Net income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 is a result of taxable income of $4,205,000 in the Company's Canadian and Mexican operations, which has a combined effective tax rate of approximately 29%, combined with operating loss of $4,815,000 in the Company's United States facilities, which has an effective tax rate of 21%. Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was estimated to be $2,262,000, or approximately 32% of income before income taxes.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S., Mexico, Canada and various state jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2015, and is no longer subject to Mexican income tax examinations by Mexican authorities for years prior to 2012. As a result of the Horizon Plastics acquisition on January 16, 2018, the Company now has filing requirements in Canada.