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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
As of September 30, 2019 the Company had a gross deferred tax asset of $3,689,000 of which $1,904,000 is related to tax positions in the United States and $1,395,000 related to tax position in Canada and $390,000 related to tax positions in Mexico. At September 30 2019, the Company recorded a valuation allowance against all deferred tax assets in the United States, due to cumulative losses over the last three years and uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to realize net loss carryforwards and other net deferred tax assets in the future. The Company believes that the deferred tax assets associated with the Canadian tax jurisdictions, are more-likely-than-not to be realizable based on estimates of future taxable income and the Company's ability to carryback losses.
Income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is estimated to be $452,000, on a loss of $10,213,000 before income taxes. Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was estimated to be $228,000, on a loss before income taxes of $611,000. Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 includes a one-time charge of $1,904,000 associated with recording a valuation allowance at September 30, 2019.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S., Mexico, Canada and various state jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2015, and is no longer subject to Mexican income tax examinations by Mexican authorities for years prior to 2013. As a result of the Horizon Plastics acquisition on January 16, 2018, the Company now has additional filing requirements for new entities in Canada and Mexico, and is not subject to Canadian and Mexican tax examinations for those entities for years prior to 2018.