Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates relate to allowances for doubtful accounts, inventory reserves, self-insurance reserves related to healthcare and workers compensation, deferred taxes, post retirement benefits, progress billings for tooling, goodwill and long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates due to the uncertainty around the magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as other factors.

Revenue Recognition - The Company historically has recognized revenue from two streams, product revenue and tooling revenue. Product revenue is earned from the manufacture and sale of sheet molding compound and thermoset and thermoplastic products. Revenue from product sales is generally recognized as products are shipped, as the Company transfers control to the customer and is entitled to payment upon shipment. In certain circumstances, the Company recognizes revenue from product sales when products are produced and the customer takes control at our production facility.

Tooling revenue is earned from manufacturing multiple tools, molds and assembly equipment as part of a tooling program for a customer. Given that the Company is providing a significant service of producing highly interdependent component parts of the tooling program, each tooling program consists of a single performance obligation to provide the customer the capability to produce a single product. Based on the arrangement with the customer, the Company recognizes revenue either at a point in time or over time. When the Company does not have an enforceable right to payment, the Company recognizes tooling revenue at a point in time. In such cases, the Company recognizes revenue upon customer acceptance, which is when the customer has legal title to the tools.

Certain tooling programs include an enforceable right to payment. In those cases, the Company recognizes revenue over time based on the extent of progress towards completion of its performance obligation. The Company uses a cost-to-cost measure of progress for such contracts because it best depicts the transfer of value to the customer and also correlates with the amount of consideration to which the entity expects to be titled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents - The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash is held primarily in three banks in three separate jurisdictions. The Company had $6,146,000 cash on hand at December 31, 2021 and had $4,131,000 cash on hand at December 31, 2020.

Accounts Receivable Allowances - Management maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. The Company has determined that a $90,000 allowance for doubtful accounts is needed at December 31, 2021 and $41,000 at December 31, 2020. Management also records estimates for customer returns and deductions, discounts offered to customers, and for price adjustments. Should customer returns and deductions, discounts, and price adjustments fluctuate from the estimated amounts, additional allowances may be required. The Company had an allowance for estimated chargebacks of $222,000 at December 31, 2021 and $179,000 at December 31, 2020. There have been no material changes in the methodology of these calculations.

Inventories - Inventories, which include material, labor and manufacturing overhead, are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The inventories are accounted for using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of determining inventory costs. Inventory quantities on-hand are regularly reviewed, and where necessary, provisions for excess and obsolete inventory are recorded based on historical and anticipated usage. The Company has recorded an allowance for slow moving and obsolete inventory of $362,000 at December 31, 2021 and $546,000 at December 31, 2020.

Contract Assets/Liabilities - Contract assets and liabilities represent the net cumulative customer billings, vendor payments and revenue recognized for tooling programs. For tooling programs where net revenue recognized and vendor payments exceed customer billings, the Company recognizes a contract asset. For tooling programs where net customer billings exceed revenue recognized and vendor payments, the Company recognizes a contract liability. Customer payment terms vary by contract and can range from progress payments based on work performed or one single payment once the contract is completed. Contract assets are generally classified as current and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Contract assets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 are $17,000 and $554,000, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company recognized no impairments on contract assets. Contract liabilities are generally classified as current on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company recognized $5,820,000 and $6,828,000 for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, corresponding with revenue from contract liabilities related to jobs outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Property, Plant, and Equipment - Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The carrying amount of long-lived assets is evaluated annually to determine if adjustment to the depreciation period or to the unamortized balance is warranted.

Long-Lived Assets - Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment and finite-lived intangibles. The recoverability of long-lived assets is evaluated by an analysis of operating results and consideration of other significant events or changes in the business environment. The Company evaluates whether impairment exists for long-lived assets on the basis of undiscounted expected future cash flows from operations before interest. There was no impairment of the Company's long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The Company completed the closure

Goodwill - The purchase consideration of acquired businesses have been allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based on the estimated fair values on the respective acquisition dates. Based on these values, the excess purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill. The Company accounts for goodwill in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. FASB ASC Topic 350 prohibits the amortization of goodwill and requires these assets be reviewed for impairment at the reporting unit level.

The annual impairment tests of goodwill may be completed through qualitative assessments; however the Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to a quantitative impairment test for the reporting unit in any period. The Company may resume the qualitative assessment for the reporting unit in any subsequent period.

Under a qualitative and quantitative approach, the impairment test for goodwill consists of an assessment of whether it is more-likely-than-not that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. As part of the qualitative assessment, the Company considers relevant events and circumstances that affect the fair value or carrying amount of the Company. Such events and circumstances could include changes in economic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, reporting unit specific events and capital markets pricing. The Company places more weight on the events and circumstances that most affect the Company's fair value or carrying amount. These factors are all considered by management in reaching its conclusion about whether to perform step one of the impairment test. If the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment for the reporting unit, or if a qualitative assessment indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the estimated carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company proceeds to a quantitative approach.

Due to the Company's financial performance and depressed stock price, the Company performed a quantitative analysis at September 30, 2019. During 2019, the Company incurred a loss of margin caused by selling price decreases that the Company was not able to fully offset with material cost reductions. As a result of the quantitative analysis, the Company concluded that the carrying value was greater than the fair value, which resulted in a goodwill impairment charge of $4,100,000 at September 30, 2019 representing 19% of the goodwill.

Self-Insurance - The Company is self-insured with respect to Columbus and Batavia, Ohio; Gaffney, South Carolina; Winona, Minnesota; and Brownsville, Texas for medical, dental and vision claims and Columbus and Batavia, Ohio for workers’ compensation claims, all of which are subject to stop-loss insurance thresholds. The Company is also self-insured for dental and vision with respect to its Cobourg, Canada location. The Company has recorded an estimated liability for self-insured medical, dental and vision claims incurred but not reported and worker’s compensation claims incurred but not reported at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 of $916,000 and $933,000, respectively.

Post Retirement Benefits - Management records an accrual for post retirement costs associated with the health care plan sponsored by the Company for certain employees. Should actual results differ from the assumptions used to determine the reserves, additional provisions may be required. In particular, increases in future healthcare costs above the assumptions could have an adverse effect on the Company's operations. The effect of a change in healthcare costs is described in Note 12 - Post Retirement Benefits. Core Molding Technologies had a liability for post retirement healthcare benefits based on actuarially computed estimates of $9,080,000 at December 31, 2021 and $9,109,000 at December 31, 2020.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments - The Company's financial instruments historically consist of long-term debt, revolving loans, interest rate swaps, foreign currency hedges, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximated their fair value. Further detail is located in Note 14 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments.

Concentration Risks - The Company has concentration risk related to significant amounts of sales and accounts receivable with certain customers. The Company had five major customers during the year end December 31, 2021, BRP, Inc. (“BRP”), Navistar, Inc. (“Navistar ”), PACCAR, Inc. (“PACCAR”), Universal Forest Products, Inc. (“UFP”), and Volvo

Group North America, LLC (“Volvo”). Major customers are defined as customers whose current year sales individually consist of more than ten percent of total sales during any annual or interim reporting period in the current year. Sales to five major customers comprised 63%, 70% and 70% of total sales in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively (see Note 4 - Major Customers). Concentrations of accounts receivable balances with five customers accounted for 55% and 64% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition. The Company maintains reserves for potential bad debt losses, and such bad debt losses have been historically within the Company's expectations.

As of December 31, 2021, the Company employed a total of 1,584 employees, which consisted of 544 employees in the United States, 835 employees in Mexico and 205 employees in Canada. The salary workforce consisted of 329 employees, while 1,255 employees were hourly. Four plant locations making up 71.5% of the workforce are covered by collective bargaining agreements (1 in the United States, 1 in Canada and 2 in Mexico).

Plant Location

Union Name

Expiration Date

Employees

Columbus, Ohio

International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers ("IAM")

August 9, 2025

283

Matamoros, Mexico

Sindicato de Jorneleros y Obreros

January 21, 2023

633

Cobourg, Canada

United Food & Commercial Workers Canada ("UFCW")

November 1, 2021

166

Escobedo, Mexico

Sindicato de trabajadores de la industria metalica y del comercio del estado de Nuevo Leon Presidente Benito Juarez Garcia C.T.M.

February 1, 2023

Earnings per Common Share - Basic earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share are computed similarly but include the effect of the assumed exercise of dilutive stock options and vesting of restricted stock under the treasury stock method. Certain of the Company's restricted shares are entitled to receive dividends and voting rights applicable to the Company's common stock, irrespective of any vesting requirement. These restricted shares are considered a participating security and the Company is required to apply the two-class method to consider the impact of the restricted shares on the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share. A detailed computation of earnings per share is located in Note 3 - Net Income (Loss) per Common Share.

Research and Development - Research and development activities focus on developing new material formulations, new products, new production capabilities and processes, and improving existing products and manufacturing processes. The Company does not maintain a separate research and development organization or facility, but uses its production equipment, as necessary, to support these efforts and cooperates with its customers and its suppliers in research and development efforts. Manpower to direct and advance research and development is integrated with the existing manufacturing, engineering, production, and quality organizations. Research and development costs, which are expensed as incurred, totaled approximately $1.3 million, $1.2 million and $1.2 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019.

Foreign Currency - The functional currency for the Mexican and Canadian operations is the United States Dollar. All foreign currency asset and liability amounts are remeasured into United States Dollars at end-of-period exchange rates. Income statement accounts are translated at the weighted monthly average rates. Gains and losses resulting from translation of foreign currency financial statements into United States Dollars and gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in current results of operations. Net foreign currency translation and transaction activity is included in selling, general and administrative expense. This activity resulted in an expense of $149,000, $214,000 and $229,000 in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses,” which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that

will replace today’s “incurred loss” model and generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except that the losses will be recognized as an allowance. Subsequent to issuing ASU 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” for the purpose of clarifying certain aspects of ASU 2016-13. ASU 2018-19 has the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU 2016-13. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments,” which is effective with the adoption of ASU 2016-13. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326),” which is also effective with the adoption of ASU 2016-13. In November 2019, the FASB voted to delay the implementation date for certain companies, including those that qualify as a smaller reporting company under SEC rules, until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We will adopt this ASU on its effective date of January 1, 2023. We do not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or presentation thereof.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-4, Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (Topic 848). The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to transactions affected by reference rate (e.g., LIBOR) reform if certain criteria are met, for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The ASU is effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. We will evaluate transactions or contract modifications occurring as a result of reference rate reform and determine whether to apply the optional guidance on an ongoing basis.