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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)

þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023
OR

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from___________to___________
Commission file number 001-12505
CORE MOLDING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 31-1481870
(State or other jurisdiction incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
800 Manor Park Drive, Columbus, Ohio |  | 43228-0183
(Address of principal executive office) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (614) 870-5000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol (s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 | CMT | NYSE American LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ¨ |  | Accelerated filer ☒ |  | Non-accelerated Filer ¨ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☒
|  |  |  |  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. þ
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No þ
As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate market value of the registrant's voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $138,325,000, based upon the closing sale price of $22.75 on the NYSE American LLC on June 30, 2023, the last business day of registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. As of March 11, 2024, the latest practicable date, 9,040,704 shares of the registrant’s common stock were issued, which includes 385,320 shares of unvested restricted common stock.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Part III of this report incorporates by reference specific portions of the registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.

Table of Contents
CORE MOLDING TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I | 5
Item 1. Business | 5
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 10
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments | 18
Item 1C. Cybersecurity | 18
Item 2. Properties | 19
Item 3. Legal Proceedings | 19
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosure | 19
Part II | 20
Item 5. Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities | 20
Item 6. [RESERVED] | 20
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 21
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 29
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data (PCAOB 173) | 30
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 58
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures | 59
Item 9B. Other Information | 59
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections | 59
Part III | 60
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance | 60
Item 11. Executive Compensation | 60
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 60
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 60
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 60
Part IV | 61
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 61
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary | 61
Signatures | 62
Exhibit 23 |
Exhibit 24 |
Exhibit 31(a) |
Exhibit 31(b) |
Exhibit 32(a) |
Exhibit 32(b) |
EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT |
EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT |
EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT |
EX-101 LABEL LINKBASE DOCUMENT |
EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT |
EX-101 DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT |

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Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which are subject to the "safe harbor" created by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). As a general matter, forward-looking statements are those focused upon future plans, objectives or performance as opposed to historical items and include statements of anticipated events or trends and expectations and beliefs relating to matters not historical in nature. Such forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and are subject to uncertainties and factors relating to Core Molding Technologies' operations and business environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond Core Molding Technologies' control. Words such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “anticipate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “expect,” “intend,” “plans,” “projects,” “believes,” “estimates,” “encouraged,” “confident” and similar expressions are used to identify these forward-looking statements. These uncertainties and factors could cause Core Molding Technologies' actual results to differ materially from those matters expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements.
Core Molding Technologies believes that the following factors, among others, could affect its future performance and cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
•dependence upon certain major customers as the primary source of Core Molding Technologies’ sales revenues and the potential loss of any major customers due to the completion of existing production programs with those customers or otherwise;
•business conditions in the plastics, transportation, power sports, utilities and commercial product industries (including changes in demand for production);
•the availability and price increases of raw materials;
•general economic, social, regulatory (including foreign trade policy) and political environments in the countries in which Core Molding Technologies operates;
•safety and security conditions in Mexico;
•fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
•efforts of Core Molding Technologies to expand its customer base; the ability to develop new and innovative products and to diversify markets, materials and processes and increase operational enhancements;
•ability to accurately quote and execute manufacturing processes for new business; the actions of competitors, customers, and suppliers;
•failure of Core Molding Technologies’ suppliers to perform their obligations;
•inflationary pressures; new technologies; regulatory matters;
•labor relations and labor availability as well as possible work stoppages or labor disruptions at one or more of our union locations or one of our customer or supplier locations;
•the loss or inability of Core Molding Technologies to attract and retain key personnel;
•the ability to successfully identify, evaluate and manage potential acquisitions and to benefit from and properly integrate any completed acquisitions;
•federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations (including engine emission regulations);
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•the availability of sufficient capital; the ability of Core Molding Technologies to provide on-time delivery to customers, which may require additional shipping expenses to ensure on-time delivery or otherwise result in late fees and other customer charges; risk of cancellation or rescheduling of orders;
•management’s decision to pursue new products or businesses which involve additional costs, risks or capital expenditures;
•inadequate insurance coverage to protect against potential hazards; equipment and machinery failure; product liability and warranty claims;
•cybersecurity incidents or other similar disruptions impacting Core Molding Technologies or significant customers and/or suppliers; and
•other risks identified from time to time in Core Molding Technologies’ other public documents on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those described in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS OF CORE MOLDING TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Core Molding Technologies, Inc. (the "Company") and its subsidiaries operate in the engineered materials market as one operating segment as a molder of thermoplastic and thermoset structural products. The Company produces and sells molded products for varied markets, including medium and heavy-duty trucks, power sports, building products and other industrial markets. Core Molding Technologies has its headquarters in Columbus, Ohio, and operates six production facilities in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
In general, the Company achieves product growth and diversification in several different ways, including: (1) resourcing of existing structural products from another supplier by an original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”); (2) obtaining new structural products through a selection process in which an OEM solicits bids; (3) successful marketing of structural products for previously non-structural applications; (4) converting alternative materials to engineered materials; (5) successful marketing of structural products to OEMs outside of our traditional markets; (6) developing of new materials, technology and processes to meet current or prospective customer requirements; and (7) acquiring an existing business. The Company's efforts continue to be directed towards all seven of those identified areas.
PRODUCTS
Structural plastics compete largely against metals and have the strength to function well during prolonged use. Management believes that structural plastic components offer many advantages over metals, including:
•heat resistance;
•corrosion resistance;
•lighter weight;
•lower cost;
•greater flexibility in product design;
•part consolidation for multiple piece assemblies;
•lower initial tooling costs for lower volume applications;
•high strength-to-weight ratio; and
•dent-resistance in comparison to steel or aluminum.
Our manufacturing facilities utilize various production processes; however, end products are similar and are not unique to a facility or customer base.
Sheet Molding Compound (“SMC”)
SMC is primarily a combination of resins, fiberglass, fillers, and catalysts compounded and cured in sheet form, which is then used to manufacture compression-molded products, as discussed below. The Company incorporates a sophisticated computer program in the process of compounding various complex SMC formulations tailored to meet customer needs. The program provides for the control of information during various production processes and data for statistical batch controls. The Company also sells SMC to other molders.
Molded Products
The Company manufactures structural products using compression molding (54 presses), resin transfer molding (4 presses), and injection molding processes (24 presses). As of December 31, 2023, the Company owned 82 molding presses including 19 in its Columbus, Ohio facility; 24 in its Matamoros, Mexico facility; 18 in its Cobourg, Canada facility; 10 in its Gaffney, South Carolina facility; 5 in its Winona, Minnesota facility; and 6 in its Escobedo, Mexico facility. The Company's molding presses range in size from 250 to 5,500 tons.
SMC compression molding is a process whereby SMC is molded to form by matched die steel molds through which a combination of heat and pressure are applied via a molding press. Outer components and high strength reinforcing components are fabricated with this process. Visually appealing components are produced with vacuum assisted molding and through utilizing in-mold coating (IMC). IMC can provide an additional benefit of conductivity assisting in the process of post paint application along with reducing porosity and improving surface appearance. This thermoset process produces high quality, dimensionally consistent products and is typically used for high volume products.
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Direct Long Fiber Thermoplastic (“DLFT”) compression molding employs two molds, typically a core and a cavity, similar to matched die SMC molding. This is a process for compounding and molding thermoplastic materials with "long" fibers (typically, 0.5 inch or longer). Engineered thermoplastic pellets and performance additives are compounded in a screw extruder, to which chopped reinforcements (typically, glass fibers) are added and further extruded. A "charge" of material is cut to a precise weight, and this "charge" is directly moved to a compression or injection transfer process, where it is molded into a finished part. The process allows for direct processing of the compounded material, bypassing the expense and delay of producing an intermediate product (pellets or sheets) as is used in other fiber-reinforced thermoplastic molding processes. The D-LFT process is an attractive option for products that have highly complex geometry, require high strength and stiffness, and benefit from the recyclability of a thermoplastic resin.
Vacuum resin transfer compression molding (“RTM”) process employs two mold halves, typically a core and a cavity, similar to matched die molding. The composite is produced by placing glass mat, chopped strand, or continuous strand fiberglass in the mold cavity in the desired pattern. Parts used for cosmetic purposes typically have a gel coat applied to the mold surface. The core mold is then fitted to the cavity, and upon a satisfactory seal, a vacuum is applied. When the proper vacuum is achieved, the resin is injected into the mold to fill the part. Finally, the part is allowed to cure and is then removed from the mold and trimmed to shape. Fiberglass reinforced products produced from the RTM process exhibit a high-quality surface on both sides of the part and excellent part thickness. The multiple insert tooling technique can be utilized in the RTM process to improve throughput based upon volume requirements.
Structural Foam and Web Injection Molding (“SIM”) are low-pressure injection molding processes that develop high-strength, rigid parts at low weight. This is accomplished by mixing a foaming agent (usually nitrogen gas) with the melted polymer (structural foam process), or by injecting nitrogen gas into the mold cavity immediately after the plastic resin is injected (structural web molding). Structural foam produces a cellular interior structure that can provide twice the rigidity of a solid plastic molding. The structural web process pushes the plastic out to the mold cavity walls, uniformly packing out the entire mold and hollowing out thicker sections to create products of varying wall thicknesses. As a result, structural web molded parts have a smoother, glossier finish than other low-pressure parts. Both processes give part designers flexibility when designing products that need strength and stiffness at low weight and also have the benefit of recyclability due to the use of a thermoplastic resin.
Reaction Injection Molding (“RIM”) is a process whereby a composite is produced through the injection of a two- component thermoset resin system utilizing dicyclopentadiene (“DCPD”) technology. DCPD technology involves injecting a liquid compound into matched die aluminum molds to form the part. In this process the mold is prepared, closed and the liquid compound is injected into the tool then cured. Additional finishing is required when the part is designated for top coat painting. The RIM process is an alternative to other closed mold processes for mid-volume parts that require a high level of impact resistance.
Hand Lay-Up is a process that utilizes a shell mold, typically the cavity, where glass cloth, either chopped strand or continuous strand glass mat, is introduced into the cavity. Resin is then applied to the cloth and rolled out to achieve a uniform wet-out from the glass and to remove any trapped air. The part is then allowed to cure and is removed from the mold. After removal, the part typically undergoes trimming to achieve the shape desired. Parts used for cosmetic purposes typically have a gel coat applied to the mold surface prior to the lay-up to improve the surface quality of the finished part. Parts produced from this process have a smooth outer surface and an unfinished or rough interior surface. These fiberglass-reinforced products are typically non-cosmetic components or structural reinforcements that are sold externally or used internally as components of larger assemblies.
Spray-Up is a process that utilizes the same type of shell mold as hand-lay-up, but instead of using glass cloth to produce the composite part, a chopper/spray system is employed. Glass rovings and resin feed the chopper/spray gun. The resin coated, chopped glass is sprayed into the mold to the desired thickness. The resin coated glass in the mold is then rolled out to ensure complete wet-out and to remove any trapped air. The part is then allowed to cure, is removed from the mold, and is then trimmed to the desired shape. Parts used for cosmetic purposes typically have a gel coat applied to the mold surface prior to the resin-coated glass being sprayed into the mold to improve the surface quality of the finished part. Parts produced from this process have a smooth outer surface and an unfinished or rough interior surface.
Assembly, Machining, and Paint Products
Many of the products molded by the Company are assembled, machined, and prime painted or topcoat painted to result in a finished product used by the Company's customers.
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The Company has demonstrated manufacturing flexibility that accommodates a range of low volume hand assembly and machining work, to high volume, highly automated assembly and machining systems. Robotics are used as deemed productive for material handling, machining, and adhesive applications. In addition to conventional machining methods, water-jet cutting technology is also used where appropriate. The Company also utilizes paint booths and batch ovens in its facilities. The Company generally contracts with outside providers for higher volume programs that require top coat paint.
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Capital expenditures totaled approximately $9.1 million, $16.6 million, and $11.6 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively. These capital expenditures primarily consisted of building and equipment improvements and additional production equipment to manufacture parts.
The Company continuously engages in product development. Research and development activities focus on developing new material formulations, new structural composite products, new production capabilities and processes, and improving existing products and manufacturing processes. The Company does not maintain a separate research and development organization or facility, but uses its production equipment, as necessary, to support these efforts and cooperates with its customers and its suppliers in research and development efforts. Likewise, manpower to direct and advance research and development is integrated with the existing manufacturing, engineering, production, and quality organizations. Management has estimated that costs related to research and development were approximately $1.7 million, $1.6 million and $1.3 million in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
MAJOR CUSTOMERS
The Company had five major customers during the year ended December 31, 2023, BRP, Inc. (“BRP”), Navistar, Inc. (“Navistar”), PACCAR, Inc. (“PACCAR”), Universal Forest Products, Inc. (“UFP”) and Volvo Group North America, LLC (“Volvo”). Major customers are defined as customers whose sales individually consist of more than ten percent of total sales during any annual or interim reporting period in the current year. The loss of a significant portion of sales to these customers could have a material adverse effect on the business of the Company. The following table presents sales to major customers as a percent of total sales for the years ended December 31:

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Supply Agreement | Supply Agreement Expiration
BRP | 14% |  | 14% |  | 12% |  | Yes | July 31, 2024
Navistar | 20% |  | 17% |  | 15% |  | No | N/A
PACCAR | 10% |  | 10% |  | 12% |  | No | N/A
UFP | 7% |  | 9% |  | 12% |  | Yes | March 10, 2027
Volvo | 16% |  | 14% |  | 12% |  | Yes | December 31, 2027

BRP provides a portfolio of industry-leading products comprising of snowmobiles, watercraft, on and off-road vehicles, power sports propulsion systems as well as engines for karts, motorcycles and recreational aircraft. Demand for these products is driven by consumer demand and general economic conditions.
The North American truck market in which Navistar, Volvo, and PACCAR compete is highly competitive and the demand for medium and heavy-duty trucks is subject to considerable volatility as it moves in response to cycles in the overall business environment and is particularly sensitive to the industrial sector, which generates a significant portion of the freight tonnage hauled. Truck demand also depends on general economic conditions and changes to emission regulations, among other factors.
UFP supplies products to three industry segments: retail, industrial, and construction. These are highly-competitive markets, with suppliers competing for a share of available shelf space at large “big box” retailers and independent contractors. As a discretionary product category, suppliers must also strive continuously to differentiate their products with unique designs, colors, and features, in addition to maintaining a constant focus on cost reduction. Demand for these products is driven by residential and commercial construction and general economic conditions, among other influences.
OTHER CUSTOMERS
The Company also produces products for other customers and industries, including medium and heavy-duty trucks, power sports, building products, industrial and utilities and other commercial markets. Sales to these customers individually were all less than 10% of total sales for interim and annual reporting during 2023.
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GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Substantially all of the Company's products are sold in U.S. dollars. The following table provides information related to the Company's sales by country, based on the ship to location of customers' production facilities, for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
United States | $ | 234,504 |  |  | $ | 231,391 |  |  | $ | 191,667 |
Mexico | 105,818 |  |  | 113,245 |  |  | 88,952 |
Canada | 11,980 |  |  | 26,829 |  |  | 22,642 |
Other | 5,436 |  |  | 5,911 |  |  | 4,222 |
Total | $ | 357,738 |  |  | $ | 377,376 |  |  | $ | 307,483 |

SEASONALITY & BUSINESS CYCLE
The Company's business is affected annually by the production schedules of its customers. Certain of the Company's customers typically shut down their operations on an annual basis for a period of one to several weeks during the Company's third quarter. Certain customers also typically shut down their operations during the last week of December. As a result, demand for the Company's products typically decreases during the third and fourth quarters. Demand for medium and heavy-duty trucks, power sports, automotive, and commercial products also fluctuates on an economic, cyclical and seasonal basis, causing a corresponding fluctuation for demand of the Company's products.
MAJOR COMPETITORS
The Company believes that it is one of the largest compounders and molders of thermoset and thermoplastic structural products in North America. The Company faces competition from a number of other molders including, most significantly, Molded Fiber Glass Companies, Teijin, Ashley Industrial Molding, René Matériaux Composite Ltée ("RMC"), STS Group, and 20/20 Custom Molded Plastics.
RAW MATERIALS
The principal raw materials used in the Company's processes are unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, polyethylene, polypropylene, and dicyclopentadiene resins, fiberglass, and filler. Other significant raw materials include adhesives for assembly of molded components, in-mold coating, gel-coat, prime paint for preparation of cosmetic surfaces, and hardware (primarily metal components). Many of the raw materials used by the Company are petrochemical-based, natural gas-based, as well as downstream derivatives, and therefore, the costs of certain raw materials can be affected by changes in costs in these upstream commodities. Due to fluctuating commodity prices, suppliers are typically reluctant to enter into long-term contracts. The Company generally has supplier alternatives for each raw material, and regularly evaluates its supply base to improve its overall purchasing position.
Normally we do not carry inventories of raw materials or finished products in excess of what is reasonably required to meet production and shipping schedules, and to manage risk of supply and variation in demand.
CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
Capacity utilization is measured based on standard cycle times and a standard work week, which can range from five days per week, three-shifts per day to seven days per week, 24x7 operation, depending on the facility and molding process. During times when demand exceeds the standard five day, three -shift capacity, the Company will work weekends to create additional capacity, which can provide capacity utilization percentages greater than 100%. During 2023, the Company has used various methods from overtime to a weekend manpower crews to support the customers' production requirements.
The Company measures facility capacity in terms of its large compression molding presses (2,000 tons or greater). The Company owned 28 large compression molding presses at its facilities at December 31, 2023. The capacity utilization in these production facilities was 83% and 89% for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Company measures facility capacity in terms of its large injection molding presses (750 tons or greater). The Company owned 12 large injection molding presses at its facilities at December 31, 2023. The capacity utilization in these production facilities was 64% and 79% for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
BACKLOG
The Company relies on production schedules provided by its customers to plan and implement production. These schedules are normally provided on a weekly basis and typically considered firm for approximately four weeks. Some customers update these schedules daily for changes in demand, allo wing them to run their inventories on a “just-in-time” basis. The
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ordered backlog of four weeks of expected shipments was approximately $25.3 million (100% of which the Company shipped during the first month of 2024) and $30.3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
As of December 31, 2023, the Company employed a total of 1,857 employees, which consisted of 698 employees in the United States, 985 employees in Mexico and 174 employees in Canada. The salary workforce consisted of 369 employees, while 1,488 employees were hourly. Four plant locations making up 67.3% of the workforce are covered by collective bargaining agreements.
Details on the collective bargaining agreements are as follows:

Plant Location |  | Union Name |  | Expiration Date |  | Employees
Columbus, Ohio |  | International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers ("IAM") |  | August 9, 2025 |  | 321
Matamoros, Mexico |  | Sindicato de Jorneleros y Obreros |  | January 1, 2025 |  | 743
Cobourg, Canada |  | United Food & Commercial Workers Canada ("UFCW") |  | November 1, 2025 |  | 132
Escobedo, Mexico |  | Sindicato de trabajadores de la industria metalica y del comercio del estado de Nuevo Leon Presidente Benito Juarez Garcia C.T.M. |  | February 18, 2024(1) |  | 54

(1)The Company is currently negotiating an extension to the Escobedo, Mexico collective bargaining agreement.
To support the Company’s long-term strategic plan, the Company is committed to being an employer of choice focusing on providing a safe place to work, organizational development opportunities, competitive total rewards packages while keeping diversity, equity and inclusion in the forefront.
Safety – The safety of the Company's workforce is a top priority with continued improvement in the Company's safety record. The Company utilizes behavior-based safety programs at all global facilities as a proactive method of increasing safe behaviors.
Diversity, Equity and Inclusion – The Company is committed to diversity, equity and inclusion, including a focus on continued diversity of our Board of Directors ("the Board") and leadership team. The Company has implemented initiatives to help maintain a workforce that represents diversity and inclusion.
Organizational Development – The Company offers learning and development opportunities throughout the workforce, including a comprehensive leadership program for high-potential employees identified through our succession and talent planning process.
Talent Planning – The Company has developed people management processes that enable us to hire, retain and develop a high-performing workforce. We have performance procedures that align with our organization’s strategic goals and support employee development. Employee engagement surveys are conducted to understand employee satisfaction and provide opportunities to create action plans to improve our workplace culture and employee retention.
Total Rewards – Our total rewards package supports an environment where employees want to stay and build their career. We provide fair and competitive compensation and benefits that promote physical, emotional and financial well-being. With a focus on the employee experience, our workplace fosters employee engagement, productivity and morale while encouraging effort, creativity and innovation.
ENVIRONMENTAL, CLIMATE RELATED REGULATIONS AND COMPLIANCE
The Company's manufacturing operations are subject to federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations, which impose limitations on the discharge of hazardous and non-hazardous pollutants into the air and waterways. The Company has established and implemented standards for the treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. Our policy is to conduct our business with due regard for the preservation and protection of the environment. Our environmental waste management process involves the regular auditing of hazardous waste accumulation points, hazardous waste activities, authorized treatment, and storage and disposal facilities. We believe that our operations are in substantial compliance with all material environmental laws and regulations applicable to our plants and operations. Historically, our annual costs of achieving and maintaining compliance with environmental laws and regulations have not been material to our financial results. However, new requirements, more stringent application of existing requirements or the discovery of previously
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unknown environmental conditions could result in material environmental related expenditures in the future. See below under "Item 1A Risk Factors - Legal, Insurance, Tax and Cybersecurity Risks - Changes in legal, regulatory, and social responses to climate change, including any possible effect on energy prices, could adversely affect our business and reduce our profitability."
The Company has Environmental Management Systems at all of its facilities and has obtained ISO 14001 certification at all facilities. As part of the Company's environmental policy, all manufacturing employees are trained on waste management and other environmental issues. The Company's full Board provides oversight of the Company's environmental and climate matters through an Enterprise Risk Management system and quarterly reporting process.
The Company holds various environmental operating permits for its production facilities in the U.S., Mexico, and Canada as required by U.S., Mexican and Canadian federal, state and local regulations. The Company has substantially complied with all requirements of these operating permits.
The Company produces structural parts that are long-lived assets and generally not considered single source plastics. As such, the Company is not currently subject to any resin plastic taxes or single use plastic regulations.
PATENTS, TRADE NAMES, AND TRADEMARKS
The Company will evaluate, apply for, and maintain patents, trade names, and trademarks where it believes that such patents, trade names, and trademarks are reasonably required to protect its rights in its products. However, the Company does not believe that any single patent, trade name, or trademark or related group of such rights is materially important to its business or its ability to compete.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We maintain a website at www.coremt.com. Annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, all amendments to those reports, and other information about us are available free of charge through this website as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are electronically filed with the SEC. These materials are also available from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The following risk factors describe various risks that may affect our business, financial condition, and operations. References to “we,” “us,” and “our” in this “Risk Factors” section refer to Core Molding Technologies and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise specified or unless the context otherwise requires.
Risks Relating to our Business
Our business has concentration risks associated with significant customers.
Sales to five customers constituted approximately 68% of our 2023 total sales. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of our total sales for this period. The loss of any significant portion of sales to any of our significant customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Accounts receivable balances with five customers accounted for 67% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2023. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and maintains reserves for potential bad debt losses. If the financial conditions of any of these customers were to deteriorate, impacting their ability to pay their receivables, our reserves may not be adequate which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Beginning in the second half of 2024 and continuing through 2026, our business with Volvo, a significant customer accounting for approximately 16% of our 2023 total sales, will begin transitioning from existing production programs that the Company currently supplies to new programs that the Company does not support. There is no assurance that we will be able to replace the loss of any revenue that we may experience from the expiration of our existing production programs with Volvo, or from the loss of any other significant customer whether due to unexpected loss or future expiration of production programs.
Furthermore, these customers may not continue to do business with us as they have in the past and we may not be able to supply these customers or any of our other customers at current levels.
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Our business is affected by the cyclical and overall nature of the industries and markets that we serve.
The North American heavy and medium-duty truck industry, on which the demand of our products is largely dependent, is highly cyclical. In 2023, approximately 52% of our product sales was in this industry. The market for this industry fluctuates in response to factors that are beyond our control, such as general economic conditions, interest rates, federal and state regulations (including engine emissions regulations, tariffs, import regulations, and other taxes), consumer spending, fuel costs, supply chain constraints, our customers' inventory levels and production rates, and the overall strength of the economy. Our manufacturing operations have a significant fixed cost component. Accordingly, during periods of changing demands, including an increase or slowdown in truck demand, the profitability of our operations may change proportionately more than revenues from operations. In addition, our operations are typically seasonal as a result of regular customer maintenance shutdowns, which typically vary from year to year based on production demands and occur in the third and fourth quarter of each calendar year. This seasonality may result in decreased net sales and profitability during the third and fourth fiscal quarters of each calendar year. Weakness in overall economic conditions or in the markets that we serve, or significant reductions by our customers in their inventory levels or future production rates, could result in decreased demand for our products and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Price increases in raw materials (including price increases due to prolonged inflation) and availability of raw materials, including disruptions in supply chain, could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
We purchase resins and fiberglass for use in production as well as hardware and other components for product assembly. The prices for purchased materials are affected by the prices of material feed stocks such as crude oil, natural gas, and downstream components, as well as processing capacity versus demand. If we are unsuccessful in developing ways to mitigate these raw material increases or are unable to offset the increase through price increases to our customers, our results of operations could be materially adversely impacted.
We rely upon a global supply chain to deliver the raw materials, components, systems and parts that we need to manufacture and service our products. Any direct or indirect supply chain disruptions, including from the effects of any pandemics or epidemics, economic slowdowns, recessions, geopolitical events, inflation or rising interest rates, may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In addition, recent inflationary pressures have resulted in increased raw material, labor and logistics expenses, which, if they continue for a prolonged period, may adversely affect our results of operations. If our costs are subject to continuing significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability to do so could harm our results of operation.
Long-term fixed price customer contracts could adversely impact operating results in an inflationary economy.
In order to obtain new business in a competitive environment, the Company enters into long-term contracts that fix the customer product price and requires the Company to accept all product orders. These fixed price customer contracts allow for certain price increases but may not provide for recovery of all of the Company's cost increases. As a result, if the Company’s operating costs, such as raw material, labor and overhead costs, increase the Company may not be able to increase the price of products sold to customers enough to offset operating costs increases, which could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.
Cost reduction and quality improvement initiatives by original equipment manufacturers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
We are primarily a components supplier to large original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) that are able to exert considerable pressure on components suppliers to reduce costs, improve quality, and provide additional design and engineering capabilities. OEMs continue to demand and receive price reductions and measurable increases in quality through their use of competitive selection processes, rating programs, and various other arrangements. We may be unable to generate sufficient production cost savings in the future to offset such price reductions. OEMs may also seek to save costs by purchasing components from suppliers that are geographically closer to their production facilities or relocating production to locations with lower cost structures and purchasing components from suppliers with lower production costs. These decisions by OEMs could require us to shift production between our facilities, move production lines between our facilities, or open new facilities to remain competitive. Shifting production, moving production lines, or opening new locations could result in significant costs required for capital investment, transfer expenses, and operating costs. Additionally, OEMs have generally required component suppliers to provide more design engineering input at earlier
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stages of the product development process, the costs of which have, in some cases, been absorbed by the suppliers. To the extent that the Company does not meet the quality standards or demands of quality improvement initiatives sought by OEMs, or does not match the quality of suppliers of comparable products, OEMs may choose to purchase from these alternative suppliers, and as a result the Company may lose existing or new business with OEMs. Future price reductions, increased quality standards, and additional engineering capabilities required by OEMs may reduce our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
We operate in highly competitive markets, and if we are unable to effectively compete it may negatively impact future operating results, sales, and earnings.
The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. We compete with a number of other manufacturers that produce and sell similar products. Our products primarily compete on the basis of capability, product quality, cost, and delivery. Some of our competitors have greater financial resources, research and development facilities, design engineering, manufacturing, and marketing capabilities. If we are unable to develop new and innovative products, diversify the markets, materials, and processes we utilize and increase operational enhancements, we may fall behind competitors or lose the ability to achieve competitive advantages. In the highly competitive market in which we operate, this may negatively impact our ability to retain existing customers or attract new customers, and if that occurs, it may negatively impact future operating results, sales, and earnings.
We may be subject to additional shipping expense or late fees if we are not able to meet our customers' on-time demand for our products.
We must continue to meet our customers' demand for on-time delivery of our products. Factors that could result in our inability to meet customer demands include a failure by one or more of our suppliers to supply us with the raw materials and other resources that we need to operate our business effectively and an unforeseen spike in demand for our products, which would create capacity constraints, among other factors. If this occurs, we may be required to incur additional shipping expenses to ensure on-time delivery or otherwise be required to pay late fees, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Increasing competition for highly skilled and talented workers, as well as labor shortages, could adversely affect our business.
Our success largely depends on the efforts and abilities of our key personnel and our continuing ability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel. Their skills, experience, and industry contacts significantly benefit us. A number of factors may adversely affect the labor force available to us or increase labor costs, including high employment levels and government regulations. To date we have experienced an increasingly competitive labor market. The increasing competition for highly skilled and talented employees has resulted, and could in the future result, in higher compensation costs and could result in difficulties in maintaining a capable workforce. If we are unable to hire and retain employees capable of performing at a high level, or if mitigation measures we may take to respond to a decrease in labor availability, such as overtime and third-party outsourcing, have unintended negative effects, our business could be adversely affected. A sustained labor shortage, lack of skilled labor, increased turnover or labor cost inflation, as a result of general macroeconomic factors, could lead to increased costs, such as increased overtime to meet demand and increased wage rates to attract and retain employees, which could negatively affect our ability to efficiently operate our manufacturing facilities and overall business and have other adverse effects on our results of operations and financial condition.
Work stoppages or other labor issues at our facilities or at our customers' facilities could adversely affect our operations.
As of December 31, 2023, unions at our Columbus, Ohio, Matamoros and Escobedo, Mexico, and Cobourg, Canada facilities represented approximately 67.3% of our entire workforce. As a result, we are subject to the risk of work stoppages and other labor-relations matters. The current Columbus, Ohio, Matamoros, Mexico, Cobourg, Canada, and Escobedo, Mexico union contracts extend through August 9, 2025, January 1, 2024, November 1, 2025 and February 18, 2024, respectively. Any prolonged work stoppage or strike at our unionized facilities could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. Any failure by us to reach a new agreement upon expiration of such union contracts may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition. The Company is currently negotiating an extension to the Escobedo, Mexico collective bargaining agreement.
In addition, if any of our customers or suppliers experience a material work stoppage, that customer may halt or limit the purchase of our products or that supplier may interrupt supply of our necessary production components. This could cause
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us to shut down production facilities relating to these products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Our foreign operations in Mexico and Canada subject us to risks that could negatively affect our business.
We operate manufacturing facilities in Matamoros and Escobedo, Mexico and Cobourg, Canada. As a result, a significant portion of our business and operations is subject to the risk of changes in economic conditions, tax systems, consumer preferences, social conditions, safety and security conditions, and political conditions inherent in Mexico and Canada, including changes in the laws and policies that govern foreign investment, as well as changes in United States laws and regulations relating to foreign trade and investment. Changes in laws and regulations related to foreign trade and investment may have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Our business is subject to risks associated with manufacturing equipment and infrastructure.
We convert raw materials into molded products through a manufacturing process at each production facility. A catastrophic loss of the use of all or a portion of our facilities due to accident, fire, explosion, or natural disaster, whether short or long-term, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Unexpected failures of our equipment and machinery may result in production delays, revenue loss, and significant repair costs, as well as injuries to our employees. Any interruption in production capability may require us to make large capital expenditures to remedy the situation, which could have a negative impact on our profitability and cash flows. Our business interruption insurance may not be sufficient to offset the lost revenues or increased costs that we may experience during a disruption of our operations. Because we supply our products to OEMs, a temporary or long-term business disruption could result in a permanent loss of customers. If this were to occur, our future sales levels and therefore our profitability could be materially adversely affected.
Our business is subject to risks associated with new business awards. In order to recognize profit from new business, we must accurately estimate product costs as part of the quoting process and implement effective and efficient manufacturing processes. Expected future sales from business awards may not materialize. We may not realize the sales or operating results that we anticipate from new business awards, and we may experience difficulties in meeting the production demands of new business awards.
The success of our business relies on our ability to produce products which meet the quality, performance, and price expectations of our customers. Our ability to recognize profit is largely dependent upon accurately identifying the costs associated with the manufacturing of our products and executing the manufacturing process in a cost-effective manner. All costs may not be accurately identified during the Company's quoting process and the expected level of manufacturing efficiency may not be achieved. As a result, we may not realize the anticipated operating results related to new business awards.
We will continue to pursue, and may be awarded, new business from existing or new customers. The Company may make capital investments, which may be material to the Company, in order to meet the expected production requirements of existing or new customers related to these business awards, and to support the potential production demands which may result from continued sales growth. The anticipated impact on the Company's sales and operating results related to these business awards may not materialize, as our growth could be adversely affected by many factors, including macroeconomic events such as inflation, recession, and interest rate increases, competition, and labor market shortages or regulations. Any delays or production difficulties encountered in connection with these business awards, and any change in customer demand, could adversely impact our business, results of operations, and liquidity, and the benefits we anticipate may never materialize.
We have made acquisitions and may make acquisitions in the future. We may not realize the operating results that we anticipate from these acquisitions or from acquisitions we may make in the future, and we may experience difficulties in integrating the acquired businesses or may inherit significant liabilities related to such businesses.
We explore opportunities to acquire businesses that we believe are related to our core competencies, some of which may be material to us. We expect such acquisitions will produce operating results consistent with our other operations; however, any such acquisition could fail to produce the expected operating results.
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Any acquisitions, may present significant challenges for our management due to the increased time and resources required to properly integrate management, employees, information systems, accounting controls, personnel, and administrative functions of the acquired business with those of ours and to manage the combined company on a going forward basis. The diversion of management's attention and any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with the integration of these businesses could adversely impact our business, results of operations, and liquidity, and the benefits we anticipate may never materialize.
If we are unable to meet future capital requirements, our business may be adversely affected.
As we grow our business, we may have to incur significant capital expenditures. We may make capital investments to, among other things, build new or upgrade our facilities, purchase equipment, and enhance our production processes. We may not have, or be able to obtain, adequate funds to make all necessary capital expenditures when required, and the amount of future capital expenditures may be materially in excess of our anticipated or current expenditures. If we are unable to make necessary capital expenditures we may not have the capability to support our customer demands, which in turn could reduce our sales and profitability and impair our ability to satisfy our customers' expectations. In addition, even if we are able to invest sufficient resources, these investments may not generate net sales that exceed our expenses, generate any net sales at all, or result in any commercially acceptable products.
We may not achieve expected efficiencies related to the proximity of our customers' production facilities to our manufacturing facilities, or with respect to existing or future production relocation plans.
Certain facilities are located in close proximity to our customers in order to minimize both our customers' and our own costs. If any of our customers were to move or if nearby facilities are closed, that may impact our ability to remain competitive. Additionally, our competitors could build a facility that is closer to our customers' facilities which may provide them with a geographic advantage. Any of these events might require us to move closer to our customers, build new facilities, or shift production between our current facilities to meet our customers' needs, resulting in additional cost and expense.
Our products may be rendered obsolete or less attractive if there are changes in technology, regulatory requirements, or competitive processes.
Changes in technology, regulatory requirements, and competitive processes may render certain products obsolete or less attractive. Future chemical regulations may restrict our ability to manufacture products, cause us to incur substantial expenditures to comply with them, and subject us to liability for adverse environmental or health effects linked to the manufacture of our products. Failure to comply with future regulations may subject us to penalties or other enforcement actions. Our ability to anticipate changes in these areas will be a significant factor in our ability to remain competitive. If we are unable to identify or compensate for any one of these changes it may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
Financial and Accounting Risks
Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, or financial condition.
Because of our international operations, we are exposed to risk associated with value changes in foreign currencies, which may adversely affect our business. Historically, our reported net sales, earnings, cash flow, and financial condition have been subjected to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. Our primary exchange rate exposure is with the Canadian dollar and the Mexican peso against the U.S. dollar. We may experience losses from foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, and such losses could adversely affect our sales, earnings, cash flow, liquidity, or financial condition.
Our stock price can be volatile.
Our stock price can fluctuate widely in response to a variety of factors. Factors include actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results, our relatively small public float, changes in securities analysts' estimates of our future earnings, the loss of major customers, or significant business developments relating to us or our competitors, and other factors, including those described in this “Risk Factors” section. Our common stock also has a low average daily trading volume, which limits a person's ability to quickly accumulate or quickly divest themselves of large blocks of our stock. In
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addition, a low average trading volume can lead to significant price swings even when a relatively few number of shares are being traded.
We have incurred impairment charges in the past and we may be required to incur additional impairment charges in the future on a portion or all of the carrying value of our goodwill or other intangible assets associated with our reporting unit which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Each year, and more frequently on an interim basis if appropriate, we are required by ASC Topic 350, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other,” to assess the carrying value of our indefinite lived intangible assets and goodwill to determine whether the carrying value of those assets is impaired. Such assessment and determination involves significant judgments to estimate the fair value of our reporting unit including estimating future cash flows, near term and long term revenue growth, and determining appropriate discount rates, among other assumptions. If operating earnings fall below forecasted operating earnings, we would perform an interim or annual goodwill impairment analysis. Should that analysis conclude that the reporting unit’s fair value were to be below carrying value a goodwill impairment charge would be necessary. Any such charges could materially adversely affect our financial results in the periods in which they are recorded.
Our ability to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting may be insufficient to allow us to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, and this could cause our financial statements to become materially misleading and adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.
We require effective internal control over financial reporting in order to provide reasonable assurance with respect to our financial reports and to effectively prevent fraud. Internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Therefore, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. If we cannot provide reasonable assurance with respect to our financial statements and effectively prevent fraud, our financial statements could become materially misleading, which could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.
If we are not able to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, including any failure to implement required new or improved controls or if we experience difficulties in their implementation, our business, financial condition, and operating results could be harmed. Any material weakness could affect investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial statements. As a result, our ability to obtain any additional financing, or additional financing on favorable terms, could be materially and adversely affected. This, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and the market value of our stock and require us to incur additional costs to improve our internal control systems and procedures. In addition, perceptions of the Company among customers, suppliers, lenders, investors, securities analysts, and others could also be adversely affected. Material weaknesses may arise in the future due to our failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting.
Our failure to comply with our debt covenants could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
The Company’s credit agreements contain certain covenants. The Company’s ability to borrow money and repay existing debt on scheduled terms under its existing credit agreements requires the Company to be compliant with its covenants. If a default of covenants were to occur, we may not be able to pay our debts or borrow sufficient funds, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
Legal, Insurance, Tax and Cybersecurity Risks
Changes in the legal, regulatory, and social responses to climate change, including any possible effect on energy prices, could adversely affect our business and reduce our profitability.
Many of our products are made from a material whose manufacturing process involves the emission of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that scientists have attributed as a cause of climate change. Our products require transportation from our facilities to the site where they are used, which consumes energy. Although it is uncertain at this time precisely what actions various governmental bodies will take early to address the effects of climate change and to achieve goals in response to the potential effects of climate change, various proposed legislative or regulatory initiatives related to climate changes, such as cap-and-trade systems, increased limits on emissions of greenhouse gases and fuel efficiency standards, or other measures, could in the future have a material impact on us, our customers, or the markets we serve, thereby resulting
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in a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operation. For example, customers in the transportation (automotive and truck) industry could be required to incur greater costs in order to comply with such initiatives, which could have an adverse impact on their profitability or viability. This could in turn lead to further changes in the structure of the transportation industry that could reduce demand for our products. We are also reliant on energy to manufacture our products, with our operating costs being subject to increase if energy costs rise. If new regulations would result in higher energy costs we may not be able to recover our operating cost increases through production efficiencies and price increases. Increases in energy prices for any reason (including as a result of new initiatives related to climate change) will increase our operating costs and likely reduce our profitability. Until the timing, scope and extent of any future regulation becomes known, we cannot predict its effect on our cost structure or our operating results, but it is likely our costs will increase in relation to any climate change legislation and regulation concerning greenhouse gases, which could have an adverse effect on our future financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In addition, changes in weather severity may result in sufficient insurance availability to be limited or the price of insurance to materially increase. The Company, its suppliers and customers are located in areas that may be subject to damage or disruption due to changes in weather severity (i.e. floods, hurricanes, fires, etc.). Although the Company maintains property and business interruption insurance, damage from a weather event, natural disaster, or disruption in the supply chain or customer demand may not be fully covered by our insurance and could cause a material adverse impact on our business. Disruption in our supply chain could also have an adverse effect on our ability to manufacture and deliver our products on a timely basis, and thereby affect our results of operations. Thus, any supply chain disruption, however small, could potentially cause the complete shutdown of an assembly line of one of our customers, and any such shutdown could expose us to claims for compensation. If the Company is unable to obtain sufficient insurance coverage or the cost of insurance materially increases, the Company’s financial condition and results of operation could be materially impacted.
We may be subject to product liability claims, recalls or warranty claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
As a components supplier to OEMs, we face a business risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that our products malfunction and result in personal injury or death. Product liability claims could result in significant losses as a result of expenses incurred in defending claims or the award of damages. In addition, we may be required to participate in recalls involving components sold by us if any prove to be defective, or we may voluntarily initiate a recall or make payments related to such claims in order to maintain positive customer relationships. While we do maintain product liability insurance, it may not be sufficient to cover all product liability claims, and as a result, any product liability claim brought against us could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Further, we warrant the quality of our products under limited warranties, and as such, we are subject to risk of warranty claims in the event that our products do not conform to our customers’ specifications. Such warranty claims may result in costly product recalls, significant repair costs, and damage to our reputation, all of which would adversely affect our results of operations.
Our insurance coverage may be inadequate to protect against the potential hazards to our business.
We maintain property, business interruption, stop loss for health care and workers' compensation, director and officer, product liability, cyber, and casualty insurance coverage, but such insurance may not provide adequate coverage against potential claims, including losses resulting from war risks, terrorist acts, or product liability claims relating to products we manufacture. Consistent with market conditions in the insurance industry, premiums and deductibles for some of our insurance policies have been increasing and may continue to increase in the future. In some instances, some types of insurance may become available only for reduced amounts of coverage, if at all. In addition, our insurers may challenge coverage for certain claims. If we were to incur a significant liability for which we were not fully insured or that our insurers disputed, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position.
We are subject to environmental, occupational health and safety rules and regulations that may require us to make substantial expenditures or expose us to financial or other obligations including substantial damages, penalties, fines, civil or criminal sanctions, and remediation costs that could adversely affect our results.
Our operations, facilities, and personnel are subject to extensive and evolving laws and regulations pertaining to air emissions, wastewater discharges, the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous materials and wastes, health and safety, the investigation and remediation of contamination, and the protection of the environment and natural resources. It is difficult to predict the future interpretations and developments of environmental and health and safety laws and regulations or their impact on our future results and cash flows. Continued compliance could result in significant increases in capital expenditures and operating costs. In addition, we may be exposed to obligations or involved from time to time in
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administrative or legal proceedings relating to environmental, health and safety or other regulatory matters, and may incur financial and other obligations relating to such matters.
Certain senior management employees have entered into potentially costly severance arrangements with us if terminated by the employee for good reason.
We have entered into executive employment agreements with executive officers that provide for significant severance payments in the event such employee's employment with us is terminated by the employee for good reason (as defined in the employment agreement). Good reason includes one or more of the following occurring in the ordinary course of business or within one year of a change in control: (i) a material reduction in base salary, (ii) a material diminution in the executive's position and/or duties, (iii) a material breach of the employment agreement by the person or other entity then controlling the Company, or (iv) a disavowal of the employment agreement by the person or other entity then controlling the Company. A change in control occurs when (a) one Person (as defined in the employment agreement), or more than one Person acting as a group, acquires ownership of stock of the Company that, together with the stock held by such Person or group, constitutes more than 50% of the total fair market value or total voting power of the stock of the Company, (b) a majority of the members of the Board are replaced during any twelve-month period by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the Board before the date of appointment or election, or (c) the sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets. These agreements would make it costly for the employment of certain of our senior management employees to be terminated and such costs may also discourage potential acquisition proposals, which may negatively affect our stock price.
Our provision for income tax, adverse tax audits, or changes in tax policy could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We are subject to income taxes in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. Our provision for income taxes and cash flow related to taxes may be negatively impacted by: (1) changes in the mix of earnings taxable in jurisdictions with different statutory rates, (2) changes in tax laws and accounting principles, (3) changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities, (4) discovery of new information during the course of tax return preparation, (5) increases in nondeductible expenses, or (6) being subject to include foreign income in the United States as part of the GILTI tax provision.
Tax audits may also negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are subject to continued examination of our income tax returns, and tax authorities may disagree with our tax positions and assess additional tax. We regularly evaluate the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes. Outcomes from examinations may have a negative impact on our future financial condition and operating results.
Cybersecurity incidents may threaten our confidential information, disrupt operations and result in harm to our reputation and adversely impact our business and financial performance.
Cybersecurity incidents across industries, including ours, are increasing in sophistication and frequency and may range from uncoordinated individual attempts to measures targeted specifically at us. These attacks include but are not limited to, malicious software or viruses, attempts to gain unauthorized access to, or otherwise disrupt, our information systems, attempts to gain unauthorized access to business, proprietary or other confidential information, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in critical systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data. Cybersecurity failures may be caused by employee error, malfeasance, system errors or vulnerabilities, including vulnerabilities of our vendors, suppliers, and their products. We have been subject to cybersecurity incidents in the past. Based on information known to date, past incidents have not had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We, or third parties who provide material services to us, may experience such incidents in the future, potentially with more frequency or sophistication.
In the conduct of our business, we collect, use, transmit and store data on information systems, which are vulnerable to disruption and an increasing threat of continually evolving cybersecurity risks. Failures of our IT systems as a result of cybersecurity incidents or other disruptions could result in a breach of critical operational or financial controls and lead to a disruption of our operations, commercial activities or financial processes. Cybersecurity incidents or other disruptions impacting significant customers and/or suppliers could also lead to a disruption of our operations or commercial activities. Despite our attempts to implement safeguards on our systems and mitigate potential risks, our actions may not be sufficient to prevent cyberattacks or security breaches that manipulate or improperly use our systems or networks, compromise confidential or otherwise protected information, destroy or corrupt data, or otherwise disrupt our operations. The
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occurrence of such events could have a material adverse effect on our business financial condition and results of operations.
Risks Related to Economic Conditions
Economic conditions and disruptions in the financial markets could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Disruptions in the financial markets could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition if our ability to borrow money were to be impaired. Disruptions in the financial markets may also have a material adverse impact on the availability and cost of credit in the future. Our ability to pay our debt or refinance our obligations will depend on our future performance, which could be affected by, among other things, prevailing economic conditions. Disruptions in the financial markets may also have an adverse effect on the U.S. and world economies, which would have a negative impact on demand for our products. In addition, tightening of credit markets may have an adverse impact on our customers' ability to finance the sale of new trucks or our suppliers' ability to provide us with raw materials, either of which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Risk management and strategy
The Company maintains a cyber risk management program designed to assess, identify, manage, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats and incidents. The cyber risk management program is integrated into the Company’s overall enterprise risk management (“ERM”) program. The ERM program is designed to provide cross-functional board and executive insight across the business to identify and monitor risks, opportunities and emerging trends that can impact the Company’s strategic business objectives.
The Company also maintains several processes intended to safeguard our information systems, protect the integrity of our data and respond to cybersecurity incidents. These processes include a formal information security training program for all employees, training on matters such as phishing and email security best practices, annual disaster recovery exercises, targeted access controls, and multi-factor authentication logins. The Company maintains a cybersecurity incident response process to help ensure a timely and consistent response to actual or attempted cybersecurity incidents impacting the Company.
The Company engages third-party service providers to aid in monitoring and safeguarding critical assets from cybersecurity attacks. Through these partnerships, the Company leverages specialized knowledge, insights, and practices to enhance the effectiveness of its cybersecurity strategies. Key third-party services include 24/7 active and passive monitoring and mitigation of the Company’s network, endpoints, and data. Additionally, the Company has contractual obligations in place with third-party service providers to adhere to specific information security standards and to promptly notify and collaborate with management in the event of qualifying cybersecurity incidents.
As of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company is not aware of any cybersecurity incidents that have had, or are reasonably likely to have, a material impact on our business or operations. However, due to the evolving nature of cyber threats and their increased sophistication, there remains the potential for adverse impacts on the Company should a cybersecurity incident occur. These impacts could include reputational damage, competitive harm, operational disruptions, financial costs, and regulatory actions. Please refer to the risk factor titled "Cybersecurity attacks may threaten our confidential information, disrupt operations and result in harm to our reputation and adversely impact our business and financial performance." See Part I, Item 1A for further information regarding cybersecurity risks and potential impacts on our business and results of operations.
Governance
Management's responsibility
The Company’s senior executive team, which includes our Director of Information Systems, is responsible for providing input and oversight of our ERM program, including assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. The senior executive team is informed about and oversees the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents through their management of, and participation in, our cybersecurity risk management and strategy
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processes. The senior executive team provides an in-depth annual report and quarterly updates on our enterprise risks, including cybersecurity risks, to present to the full Board.
Board oversight
While management is responsible for the day-to-day management of cybersecurity risks, our Board maintains principal oversight responsibility for our enterprise risk management, including cybersecurity. The Board has responsibility for, among other things, oversight of the Company’s information technology and cybersecurity processes and procedures, including oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats and the steps management has taken to monitor and mitigate such risks. The Board reviews and discusses with management, at least annually:
•the adequacy and effectiveness of our information technology security processes and procedures,
•the assessment of risks and threats to our information technology systems,
•the internal controls regarding information technology security and cybersecurity, and
•the steps management has taken to monitor and mitigate information technology security and cybersecurity risks and to remediate the effects of any cybersecurity incidents that may occur.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Core Molding Technologies has its headquarters in Columbus, Ohio, and operates six production facilities in three countries, United States, Canada and Mexico. Four of the production facilities are owned and the remaining two are leased. We consider our properties to generally be in good condition, well maintained, and suitable and adequate to meet our business requirements for the foreseeable future. We do not anticipate difficulty in renewing existing leases as they expire or in finding alternative facilities. All owned facilities are subject to liens securing the Company's obligations under our revolving and term loans as described in Note 9, Debt to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of its business. The Company is not aware of any material pending legal proceedings to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or of which any of their property is the subject.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
None.
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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The Company's common stock is traded on the NYSE American LLC under the symbol “CMT”. The Company's common stock was held by 306 holders of record on March 11, 2024.
We repurchased 125,701 shares of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2023. All stock was purchased to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon vesting and exercising of stock awards. There were no repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2023.

Period | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price paid per share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Maximum Number that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
October 1 to 31, 2023 | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
November 1 to 30, 2023 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
December 1 to 31, 2023 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY
Core Molding Technologies and its subsidiaries operate in the engineered materials market as one operating segment as a molder of thermoplastic and thermoset structural products. During the year ended December 31, 2023 the Company's operating segment consisted of one component reporting unit. The Company produces and sells molded products for varied markets, including medium and heavy-duty trucks, power sports, building products, industrial and utilities and other commercial markets. Core Molding Technologies has its headquarters in Columbus, Ohio, and operates six production facilities in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
General
The Company’s business and operating results are directly affected by changes in overall customer demand, operational costs, and performance and leverage of our fixed cost and selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") infrastructure.
Product sales fluctuate in response to several factors, including many that are beyond the Company’s control, such as general economic conditions, interest rates, government regulations, consumer spending, labor availability, and our customers’ production rates and inventory levels. Product sales consist of demand from customers in many different markets with different levels of cyclicality and seasonality. The Company's largest market, North American truck, which is highly cyclical, accounted for 52%, 45%, and 41% of the Company’s product revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Operating performance is dependent on the Company’s ability to manage changes in input costs for items such as raw materials, labor, and overhead operating costs. The Company has certain contractual commitments that restrict its ability to pass through changes in input costs to certain customers. As a result, during periods of significant increases or decreases in input costs operating results may be impacted.
Performance is also affected by manufacturing efficiencies, including items such as on time delivery, quality, scrap, and productivity. Market factors of supply and demand can impact operating costs. In periods of rapid increases or decreases in customer demand, the Company is required to ramp operational activity up or down quickly, which may impact manufacturing efficiencies more than in periods of steady demand.
Operating performance is also dependent on the Company’s ability to effectively launch new customer programs, which are typically extremely complex in nature. The start of production of a new program is the result of a process of developing new molds and assembly equipment, validation testing, manufacturing process design, development and testing, along with training and often hiring employees. Meeting the targeted levels of manufacturing efficiency for new programs usually occurs over time as the Company gains experience with new tools and processes. Therefore, during a new program launch period, start-up costs and inefficiencies can affect operating results.
Business Outlook
Looking forward, based on industry analyst projections, customer forecasts, anticipated price changes, as well as anticipated new program launches, offset by current programs that we expect to begin to ramp down in the second half of 2024 as further described below, the Company expects revenues for calendar year 2024 to decrease by approximately 10 to 15 percent as compared to 2023. Additional factors contributing to our anticipated 2024 revenue outlook include an expected cyclical demand slowdown, decreased customer inventory builds due to stabilizing inventory levels as well as a consumer demand environment that is more consistent with pre-pandemic levels.
Beginning in the second half of 2024 and continuing through 2026, the Company’s business with Volvo will begin transitioning from existing programs that the Company currently supplies to new programs that the Company does not support. Notwithstanding this transition and the completion of existing programs with Volvo, the Company continues to actively bid for new Volvo business, which we believe we will continue to secure outside of the current programs. Going forward we remain focused on continuing to replace phased out business from existing programs with new programs from Volvo or other customers.
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The Company’s raw material supply chains remain stable, and the Company anticipates raw material pricing in 2024 to remain flat or slightly higher as compared to 2023. Labor markets have also stabilized, although at higher cost levels over the past several years. The Company does not anticipate challenges in hiring hourly labor, although management believes wage pressure will continue, especially in Mexico.
2023 compared to 2022
Net sales for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 totaled $357,738,000 and $377,376,000, respectively. Included in total sales were tooling project sales of $10,363,000 and $18,675,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These sales are sporadic in nature and fluctuate in regard to scope and related revenue on a period-to-period basis. Product sales, excluding tooling project sales, for the year ended December 31, 2023 were $347,375,000 compared to $358,701,000 for the same period in 2022. The decrease in sales is primarily the result of lower demand from customers in building products and industrial and utilities industries, offset by higher demand from customers in the heavy-duty truck industry, full year impact of price increases related to the recoupment of raw material inflation costs, and revenues from new program launches.
The Company's product sales for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period of 2022 by market are as follows (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022 |
Medium and heavy-duty truck | $ | 181,376 |  |  | 158,649 |  |
Power sports | $ | 84,688 |  |  | 84,727 |  |
Building products | $ | 28,743 |  |  | 41,038 |  |
Industrial and utilities | $ | 23,658 |  |  | 27,988 |  |
All other | $ | 28,910 |  |  | 46,299 |  |
Net product revenue | $ | 347,375 |  |  | $ | 358,701 |  |

Gross margin was approximately 18.0% of sales for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared with 13.9% for the year ended December 31, 2022. The gross margin percentage increase was due to net changes in selling price and raw material cost of 5.3% and favorable product mix and production efficiencies of 0.6%, offset by lower fixed cost leverage of 1.2% and unfavorable foreign currency impact of 0.6%.
Selling, general and administrative expense ("SG&A") totaled $37,983,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $34,399,000 in 2022. The increase in SG&A expense primarily resulted from higher labor and benefit costs of $2,150,000, higher bonus of $907,000 and higher professional fees of $627,000. In connection with the decrease in sales, the Company has recognized a one-time severance expense totaling $570,000.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company refinanced its existing credit facility. As a result, the Company recorded one-time losses of $1,234,000 from writing off outstanding deferred loan costs and $348,000 from prepayment fees associated with the repayment of the FGI Term Loan.
Interest expense totaled $1,011,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to interest expense of $1,960,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in net interest expense was due to lower average senior debt balance for the year ended December 31, 2023, when compared to the same period in 2022. The Company also recognized $346,000 of interest income during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Income tax expense was approximately $5,422,000, or 21.3% of total income before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2023. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $2,382,000 and includes statutory foreign tax expense from foreign taxable income offset by tax benefits from tax losses in the United States. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022, also includes a valuation allowance reversal of $2,363,000 related to deferred tax assets related to the federal jurisdiction in the United States.
The Company recorded net income for 2023 of $20,324,000 or $2.31 per diluted share, compared with net income of $12,203,000 or $1.44 per diluted share for 2022.
Comprehensive income totaled $22,572,000 in 2023, compared with comprehensive income of $14,181,000 in 2022. The increase was primarily related to an increase in net income of $8,121,000.
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2022 Compared to 2021
Net sales for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 totaled $377,376,000 and $307,483,000, respectively. Included in total sales were tooling project sales of $18,675,000 and $23,458,000 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These sales are sporadic in nature and fluctuate in regard to scope and related revenue on a period-to-period basis. Product sales, excluding tooling project sales, for the year ended December 31, 2022 were $358,701,000 compared to $284,025,000 for the same period in 2021. The increase in sales is primarily the result of higher demand from the heavy-duty truck and power sports industries, price increases related to the recoupment of raw material inflation costs, and launch of new programs.
The Company's product sales for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the same period of 2021 by market are as follows (in thousands):

| 2022 |  | 2021
Medium and heavy-duty truck | $ | 158,649 |  |  | $ | 114,805 |
Power sports | 84,727 |  |  | 60,230 |
Building products | 41,038 |  |  | 44,981 |
Industrial and utilities | 27,988 |  |  | 27,227 |
All other | 46,299 |  |  | 36,782 |
Net product revenue | $ | 358,701 |  |  | $ | 284,025 |

Gross margin was approximately 13.9% of sales for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared with 13.4% for the year ended December 31, 2021. The gross margin percentage increase was due to net changes in selling price and raw material cost of 2.5% and higher fixed cost leverage of 0.8% offset by unfavorable product mix and production inefficiencies of 2.8%.
Selling, general and administrative expense ("SG&A") totaled $34,399,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to $30,276,000 in 2021. Included in selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) for the year ended December 31, 2021 are closure costs of $2,027,000 related to the manufacturing facility in Batavia, Ohio. Excluding closing costs, remaining SG&A costs for the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled $28,249,000. The increase in SG&A expense primarily resulted from higher labor and benefit costs of $2,112,000, higher bonus of $1,096,000, higher professional fees of $1,296,000 and higher travel costs of $374,000.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company refinanced its existing credit facility. As a result, the Company recorded one-time losses of $1,234,000 from writing off outstanding deferred loan costs and $348,000 from prepayment fees associated with the repayment of the FGI Term Loan.
Interest expense totaled $1,960,000 for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to interest expense of $2,311,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to lower interest rates resulting from the Company refinancing its credit facility during 2022, when compared to 2021.
Income tax expense was approximately $2,382,000, or 16.3% of total income before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company’s income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes statutory foreign tax expense from foreign taxable income offset by tax benefits from tax losses in the United States. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022, also includes a valuation allowance reversal of $2,363,000 related to deferred tax assets related to the federal jurisdiction in the United States. Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $4,248,000 and includes statutory foreign tax expense from foreign taxable income offset by tax benefits, net of valuation allowances, for tax losses in the United States.
The Company recorded net income for 2022 of $12,203,000 or $1.44 per basic and diluted share, compared with net income of $4,671,000 or $0.55 per basic and diluted share for 2021.
Comprehensive income totaled $14,181,000 in 2022, compared with comprehensive income of $4,371,000 in 2021. The increase was primarily related to an increase in net income of $7,532,000 and a net increase in post retirement benefit plan adjustments of $1,732,000.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flow
The Company’s primary sources of funds have been cash generated from operating activities and borrowings from third parties. Primary cash requirements are for operating expenses, capital expenditures, repayments of debt, and acquisitions. The Company from time to time will enter into foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swaps to mitigate risk of foreign exchange and interest rate volatility. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $9,195,000 and $23,229,000, respectively. At December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $13,851,000 and $24,479,000, respectively.
Cash provided by operating activities totaled $34,842,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023. Net income of $20,324,000 positively impacted operating cash flows. Non-cash deductions included in net income from depreciation and amortization, share based compensation, and deferred incomes taxes amounted to $12,912,000, $2,923,000 and $2,473,000 respectively, positively impacted cash flows. An increase in working capital of $3,812,000 resulted in a decrease in cash. The decrease in cash from working capital was primarily related to net changes in prepaid assets and accounts payable, offset by net changes in other accrued expenses, accounts receivable and inventory.
Cash used in investing activities totaled $9,100,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily related to purchases of property, plant and equipment for additional capacity, automation, new programs and equipment improvements at the Company’s production facilities. The Company anticipates spending approximately $13,000,000 on property, plant and equipment purchases for all of the Company's operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company plans on using cash on hand and cash from operations to finance capital expenditures. At December 31, 2023, purchase commitments for capital expenditures in progress were approximately $1,100,000.
Cash used in financing activities totaled $5,821,000 for the year ended December 31, 2023. Cash activity primarily consisted of the purchase of treasury stock of $2,669,000 in exchange for payment of taxes related to net share settlements of equity awards, net repayments of revolving loans of $1,864,000 and repayments of principal on outstanding term loans of $1,288,000.
At December 31, 2023, the Company had $24,104,000 of cash on hand, an available revolving line of credit of $25,000,000 and capex line of credit of $25,000,000. If a material adverse change in the financial position of the Company should occur, or if actual sales or expenses are substantially different than what has been forecasted, the Company's liquidity and ability to obtain further financing to fund future operating and capital requirements could be negatively impacted.
Management believes cash on hand, cash flow from operating activities and available borrowings under the Company’s credit agreement will be sufficient to meet the Company’s current liquidity needs.
Huntington Credit Agreement
On July 22, 2022, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Huntington Credit Agreement”) with The Huntington National Bank (“Huntington”), as the sole lender, administrative agent, lead arranger and book runner, and the lenders from time to time thereto. Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company secured loans (the “Huntington Loans”) in the maximum aggregate principal amount of $75,000,000 ($38,689,000 of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022), comprised of three $25,000,000 commitments: a term loan commitment, a CapEx loan commitment, and a revolving loan commitment.
The initial proceeds from the Huntington Credit Agreement were used in part to (i) repay all existing outstanding indebtedness of the Company owing to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and FGI Equipment Finance LLC (“FGI”) and (ii) pay certain fees and expenses associated with entering the Huntington Credit Agreement.
At the option of the Company, the Huntington Loans shall be comprised of Alternative Base Rate (ABR) Loans or Secure Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Loans.
ABR Loans bear interest at a per annum rate equal to ABR plus a margin of 280 to 330 basis points determined based on the Company’s leverage ratio. ABR is the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate in effect on such day plus 0.50% per annum and (c) Daily Simple SOFR for such day (taking into account any floor set forth in the definition of “Daily Simple SOFR”) plus 1.00% per annum; provided, that if the ABR shall be less than 0.00%, then ABR shall be deemed to be 0.00%.
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SOFR Loans bear interest at a per annum rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus a margin of 180 to 230 basis points determined based on the Company’s leverage ratio. Daily Simple SOFR means, for any day (a “SOFR Rate Day”), a rate per annum equal to the greater of (a) SOFR for the day (such day, the “SOFR Determination Date”) that is five (5) U.S. Government Securities Business Days prior to (i) if such SOFR Rate Day is a U.S. Government Securities Business Day, such SOFR Rate Day or (ii) if such SOFR Rate Day is not a U.S. Government Securities Business Day, the U.S. Government Securities Business Day immediately preceding such SOFR Rate Day, in each case, as such SOFR is published by the SOFR Administrator on the SOFR Administrator’s Website, and (b) 0.00%.
The Company’s obligations under the Huntington Credit Agreement are secured by all of the U.S. and Canadian assets of the Company, including all of its equity interests in each of the Company’s U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries and 65% of the Company’s equity interest in its Mexican subsidiaries, and are unconditionally guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Company.
The Huntington Credit Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, conditions, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The Company is in compliance with such covenants as of December 31, 2023.
Voluntary prepayments of amounts outstanding under the Huntington Loans are permitted at any time without premium or penalty.
In connection with the credit agreement, the Company incurred debt origination fees of $402,000 related to the Huntington Credit Agreement, which is being amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement. The aggregate unamortized deferred financing fees as of December 31, 2023 totaled $291,000.
Huntington Capex Loan
Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company secured Capex loan (the “Huntington Capex Loan”) in the maximum aggregate principal amount of $25,000,000 (none of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022 and through December 31, 2023). Proceeds of the Huntington Capex Loan would be used to finance the ongoing capital expenditure needs of the Company.
Any borrowings from the Huntington Capex Loan will be converted to new term loans annually each February, beginning February 2025, and will have monthly principal repayments based on a sixty-month amortization period with all amounts outstanding on the Huntington Capex Loan being fully due on July 22, 2027.
Huntington Revolving Loan
Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company a revolving loan commitment (the “Huntington Revolving Loan”) of $25,000,000 ($13,689,000 of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022). The Company has $25,000,000 of available revolving loans of which none is outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The interest rate for the Huntington Revolving Loan was 7.11% as of December 31, 2023.
The Huntington Credit Agreement makes available to the Company a revolving commitment in the maximum amount of $25,000,000 at the Company’s option at any time during the five-year period following the closing. The revolving loan commitment terminates, and all outstanding borrowings thereunder must be repaid on July 22, 2027.
Huntington Term Loan
Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company a Term Loan commitment (the “Huntington Term Loan”) of $25,000,000 ($25,000,000 of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022). The Huntington Term Loan is to be repaid in monthly installments beginning August 2022 of $104,000 per month for the first 24 months, $156,000 per month for the next 24 months, $208,000 for the next 12 months and the remaining balance to be paid on July 22, 2027. The interest rate for the Huntington Term Loan was 7.11% as of December 31, 2023.
Interest Rate Swap Agreement
The Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement that became effective July 22, 2022 and continues through July 2027, which was designed as a cash flow hedge for an initial aggregate amount of $25,000,000 of the Huntington Term Loan. Under this agreement, the Company will pay a fixed SOFR rate of 2.95% to the swap counterparty in exchange for the Term Loans daily variable SOFR. The fair value of the interest rate swap was an asset of $524,000 at December 31, 2023.
Leaf Capital Funding
On April 24, 2020 the Company entered into a finance agreement with Leaf Capital Funding of $175,000 for equipment. The parties agreed to a fixed interest rate of 5.50% and a term of 60 months.
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Wells Fargo Loan
On December 31, 2021, the Company had term loans (the "WF Term Loans") and a revolving loan (the "WF Revolving loan") with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, with balances of $13,992,000 and $4,424,000, respectively. The Company’s term and revolving loans had variable interest rates on December 31, 2021 of 3.77% and 4.25%, respectively. On July 22, 2022, all existing outstanding indebtedness of the Company owed to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association was repaid in full as part of the Huntington Credit Agreement.
FGI Equipment Finance LLC Term Loan
On December 31, 2021, the Company had a term loan (the "FGI Term Loan"), evidenced by a promissory note (the "FGI Note") with FGI, with a balance of $12,561,000. The Company’s term loan had a fixed interest rate of 8.25% at December 31, 2021. On July 22, 2022, all existing outstanding indebtedness of the Company owed to FGI was repaid in full as part of the Huntington Credit Agreement.
At December 31, 2022, the company recorded losses of $1,234,000 from writing off outstanding deferred loan costs and approximately $348,000 from prepayment fees associated with the FGI Term Loan.
Shelf Registration
On December 22, 2023 the Company filed a universal shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) with the SEC in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, which became effective on January 8, 2024. The Registration Statement replaces an existing shelf Registration Statement which expired on December 16, 2023. The Registration Statement registered common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, depositary shares, rights, units, and any combination of the foregoing, for a maximum aggregate offering price of up to $50 million, which may be sold from time to time. The terms of any securities offered under the Registration Statement and intended use of proceeds will be established at the times of the offerings and will be described in prospectus supplements filed with the SEC at the times of the offerings. The Registration Statement has a three-year term.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND OFF-BALANCE SHEET TRANSACTIONS
The Company has the following minimum commitments under contractual obligations, including purchase obligations, as defined by the SEC. A “purchase obligation” is defined as an agreement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding on the Company and that specifies all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Other long-term liabilities are defined as long-term liabilities that are reflected on the Company’s balance sheet under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Based on this definition, the table below includes only those contracts which include fixed or minimum obligations. It does not include normal purchases, which are made in the ordinary course of business.
The following table provides aggregated information about the maturities of contractual obligations and other long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2023:

| 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  | 2028 and after |  | Total
Long-term debt | $ | 1,549,000 |  |  | $ | 1,885,000 |  |  | $ | 2,135,000 |  |  | $ | 17,709,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,278,000 |
Interest(A) | 1,066,000 |  |  | 980,000 |  |  | 891,000 |  |  | 596,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,533,000 |
Operating lease obligations | 2,137,000 |  |  | 1,122,000 |  |  | 594,000 |  |  | 189,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,042,000 |
Contractual commitments for capital expenditures | 1,100,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,100,000 |
Post retirement benefits | 156,000 |  |  | 152,000 |  |  | 159,000 |  |  | 144,000 |  |  | 2,505,000 |  |  | 3,116,000 |
Total | $ | 6,008,000 |  |  | $ | 4,139,000 |  |  | $ | 3,779,000 |  |  | $ | 18,638,000 |  |  | $ | 2,505,000 |  |  | $ | 35,069,000 |

(A)Estimated future interest payments based on the effective interest rate as of December 31, 2023.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no significant off-balance sheet arrangements.
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations discuss the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to accounts receivable, inventories, goodwill and other long-lived assets, self-insurance, post-retirement benefits, revenue recognition and income taxes. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
Management believes the following critical accounting policies, among others, affect its more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements.
Accounts Receivable Allowances
Management maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. The Company determined that no allowance for doubtful accounts was needed at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022, respectively. Management also records estimates for customer returns and deductions, discounts offered to customers, and for price adjustments. Should customer returns and deductions, discounts, and price adjustments fluctuate from the estimated amounts, additional allowances may be required. The Company had an allowance for estimated chargebacks of $138,000 at December 31, 2023 and $502,000 at December 31, 2022.
Inventories
Inventories, which include material, labor and manufacturing overhead, are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The inventories are accounted for using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of determining inventory costs. Inventory quantities on-hand are regularly reviewed, and where necessary, provisions for excess and obsolete inventory are recorded based on historical and anticipated usage. The Company has recorded an allowance for slow moving and obsolete inventory of $671,000 at December 31, 2023 and $433,000 at December 31, 2022.
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment and finite-lived intangibles. The recoverability of long-lived assets is evaluated by an analysis of operating results and consideration of other significant events or changes in the business environment. The Company evaluates, whether impairment exists for long-lived assets on the basis of undiscounted expected future cash flows from operations before interest. There was no impairment of the Company's long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
Goodwill
The purchase consideration of acquired businesses have been allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based on the estimated fair values on the respective acquisition dates. Based on these values, the excess purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill. The Company accounts for goodwill in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. FASB ASC Topic 350 prohibits the amortization of goodwill and requires these assets be reviewed for impairment at the reporting unit level.
The annual impairment tests of goodwill may be completed through qualitative assessments; however the Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to a quantitative impairment test for the reporting unit in any period. The Company may resume the qualitative assessment for the reporting unit in any subsequent period.
Under a qualitative and quantitative approach, the impairment test for goodwill consists of an assessment of whether it is more-likely-than-not that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. As part of the qualitative assessment, the Company considers relevant events and circumstances that affect the fair value or carrying amount of the
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Company. Such events and circumstances could include changes in economic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, reporting unit specific events and capital markets pricing. The Company places more weight on the events and circumstances that most affect the Company's fair value or carrying amount. These factors are all considered by management in reaching its conclusion about whether to perform step one of the impairment test. If the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment for the reporting unit, or if a qualitative assessment indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the estimated carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company proceeds to a quantitative approach.
The Company performed a qualitative analysis for the years end December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, and determined there was no impairment of the Company’s goodwill.
Self-Insurance
The Company is self-insured with respect to Columbus, Ohio; Gaffney, South Carolina; Winona, Minnesota; and Brownsville, Texas for medical, dental and vision claims and Columbus, Ohio for workers’ compensation claims, all of which are subject to stop-loss insurance thresholds. The Company is also self-insured for dental and vision with respect to its Cobourg, Canada location. The Company has recorded an estimated liability for self-insured medical, dental and vision claims incurred but not reported and worker’s compensation claims incurred but not reported at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 of $988,000 and $889,000, respectively, included within the Other Current Liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Post-Retirement Benefits
Management records an accrual for post retirement costs associated with the health care plan sponsored by the Company for certain retirees. Should actual results differ from the assumptions used to determine the reserves, additional provisions may be required. In particular, increases in future healthcare costs above the assumptions could have an adverse effect on the Company's operations. The effect of a change in healthcare costs is described in Note 12 - Post Retirement Benefits. Core Molding Technologies had a liability for post retirement healthcare benefits based on actuarially computed estimates of $3,116,000 at December 31, 2023 and $6,625,000 at December 31, 2022.
Revenue Recognition
The Company historically has recognized revenue from two streams, product revenue and tooling revenue. Product revenue is earned from the manufacture and sale of sheet molding compound and thermoset and thermoplastic products. Revenue from product sales is generally recognized as products are shipped, as the Company transfers control to the customer and is entitled to payment upon shipment. In certain circumstances, the Company recognizes revenue from product sales when products are produced and the customer takes control at our production facility.
Tooling revenue is earned from manufacturing multiple tools, molds and assembly equipment as part of a tooling program for a customer. Given that the Company is providing a significant service of producing highly interdependent component parts of the tooling program, each tooling program consists of a single performance obligation to provide the customer the capability to produce a single product. Based on the arrangement with the customer, the Company recognizes revenue either at a point in time or over time. When the Company does not have an enforceable right to payment, the Company recognizes tooling revenue at a point in time. In such cases, the Company recognizes revenue upon customer acceptance, which is when the customer has legal title to the tools.
Certain tooling programs include an enforceable right to payment. In those cases, the Company recognizes revenue over time based on the extent of progress towards completion of its performance obligation. The Company uses a cost-to-cost measure of progress for such contracts because it best depicts the transfer of value to the customer and also correlates with the amount of consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred.
Income Taxes
The Company evaluates the balance of deferred tax assets that will be realized based on the premise that the Company is more likely than not to realize deferred tax benefits through the generation of future taxable income. Management reviews all available evidence, both positive and negative, to assess the long-term earnings potential of the Company using a number of alternatives to evaluate financial results in economic cycles at various industry volume conditions. The projected availability of taxable income to realize the tax benefits from the reversal of temporary differences before expiration of
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these benefits are also considered. The Company evaluates provisions and deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if adjustments to our valuation allowance are required based on the consideration of all available evidence.
As of December 31, 2023 the Company had a net deferred tax asset of $370,000 consisting of net deferred tax asset of $1,595,000 related to tax positions in Mexico, offset by deferred tax liabilities of $1,182,000 and $43,000 related to tax positions in the United States and Canada. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a valuation allowance of $1,530,000 against the deferred tax asset related to local tax positions in the United States, due to cumulative losses over the last three years and uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to realize the deferred assets. The Company believes that the deferred tax assets associated with the Mexican tax jurisdictions are more-likely-than-not to be realizable based on estimates of future taxable income.
Management recognizes the financial statement effects of a tax position when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Current expected credit loss (CECL)
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses,” which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that will replace today’s “incurred loss” model and generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except that the losses will be recognized as an allowance. Subsequent to issuing ASU 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” for the purpose of clarifying certain aspects of ASU 2016-13. ASU 2018-19 has the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU 2016-13. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments,” which is effective with the adoption of ASU 2016-13. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326),” which is also effective with the adoption of ASU 2016-13. In November 2019, the FASB voted to delay the implementation date for certain companies, including those that qualify as a smaller reporting company under SEC rules, until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We have adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2023 with no material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or presentation thereof.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Core Molding Technologies’ primary market risk results from changes in the price of commodities used in its manufacturing operations. Core Molding Technologies is also exposed to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency fluctuations associated with the Mexican Peso and Canadian Dollar. Core Molding Technologies does not hold any material market risk sensitive instruments for trading purposes.
Core Molding Technologies has the following three items that are sensitive to market risks at December 31, 2023: (1) Term Loans and Revolving Loan which bear a variable interest rate; (2) foreign currency purchases in which the Company purchases Mexican Pesos or Canadian Dollars with United States dollars to meet certain obligations that arise due to operations at the facilities located in Mexico or Canada; and (3) raw material purchases in which Core Molding Technologies purchases various resins and fiberglass for use in production. The prices and availability of these materials are affected by the prices certain feedstocks, transportation costs, as well as processing capacity versus demand.
Assuming a hypothetical 10% change in short-term interest rates, interest paid on the Company’s Revolving Loan and Term Loan would impact the interest paid by the Company, as the interest rate on these loans is based upon SOFR; however, it would not have a material effect on earnings before taxes.
Assuming a hypothetical 10% decrease in the United States dollar to Mexican Peso or Canadian Dollar exchange rates, the Company would be impacted by an increase in operating costs, which would have an adverse effect on operating margins.
Assuming a hypothetical 10% increase in raw material costs, Core Molding Technologies would be impacted, which would have an adverse effect on operating margins.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Shareholders and the Board of Directors of
Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Columbus, Ohio
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and Schedule II (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements.
Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
Critical audit matters are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. We determined that there are no critical audit matters.
Crowe LLP
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2009.
Oak Brook, Illinois
March 12, 2024
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Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except for per share data)

| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net sales | $ | 357,738 |  |  | $ | 377,376 |  |  | $ | 307,483 |
Total cost of sales | 293,218 |  |  | 324,974 |  |  | 266,139 |
Gross margin | 64,520 |  |  | 52,402 |  |  | 41,344 |
Selling, general and administrative expense | 37,983 |  |  | 34,399 |  |  | 30,276 |
Operating income | 26,537 |  |  | 18,003 |  |  | 11,068 |
Other income and expense |  |  |  |  |
Loss due to extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | 1,582 |  |  | — |
Net periodic post-retirement benefit | (220) |  |  | (124) |  |  | (162) |
Net interest expense | 1,011 |  |  | 1,960 |  |  | 2,311 |
Total other income and expense | 791 |  |  | 3,418 |  |  | 2,149 |
Income before income taxes | 25,746 |  |  | 14,585 |  |  | 8,919 |
Income taxes: |  |  |  |  |
Current | 2,949 |  |  | 5,851 |  |  | 4,615 |
Deferred | 2,473 |  |  | (3,469) |  |  | (367) |
Total income taxes | 5,422 |  |  | 2,382 |  |  | 4,248 |
Net income | $ | 20,324 |  |  | $ | 12,203 |  |  | $ | 4,671 |
Net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 2.37 |  |  | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |
Diluted | $ | 2.31 |  |  | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(In thousands)

| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net income | $ | 20,324 |  |  | $ | 12,203 |  |  | $ | 4,671 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency hedging derivatives: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized hedge gain (loss) | 706 |  |  | (85) |  |  | — |
Income tax benefit (expense) | (161) |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |
Interest rate hedging derivatives: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized benefit (loss) | (240) |  |  | 765 |  |  | — |
Income tax benefit (expense) | 50 |  |  | (161) |  |  | — |
Post retirement benefit plan adjustments: |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial gain | 3,026 |  |  | 2,309 |  |  | 89 |
Prior service costs | (496) |  |  | (496) |  |  | (496) |
Income tax benefit (expense) | (637) |  |  | (381) |  |  | 107 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 22,572 |  |  | $ | 14,181 |  |  | $ | 4,371 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except for share data)

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Assets: |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 24,104 |  |  | $ | 4,183 |
Accounts receivable, net | 41,711 |  |  | 44,261 |
Inventories, net | 22,063 |  |  | 23,871 |
Foreign tax receivable | 6,380 |  |  | 2,680 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 8,621 |  |  | 5,670 |
Total current assets | 102,879 |  |  | 80,665 |
Right of use asset | 3,802 |  |  | 5,114 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 81,185 |  |  | 83,267 |
Goodwill | 17,376 |  |  | 17,376 |
Intangibles, net | 6,017 |  |  | 7,619 |
Other non-current assets | 2,118 |  |  | 4,574 |
Total Assets | $ | 213,377 |  |  | $ | 198,615 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | $ | 1,468 |  |  | $ | 1,208 |
Revolving debt | — |  |  | 1,864 |
Accounts payable | 23,958 |  |  | 29,586 |
Contract liabilities | 5,204 |  |  | 1,395 |
Accrued liabilities: |  |  |
Compensation and related benefits | 10,498 |  |  | 9,101 |
Other | 5,058 |  |  | 7,643 |
Total current liabilities | 46,186 |  |  | 50,797 |
Other non-current liabilities | 3,759 |  |  | 3,516 |
Long-term debt | 21,519 |  |  | 22,986 |
Post retirement benefits liability | 2,960 |  |  | 5,191 |
Total Liabilities | 74,424 |  |  | 82,490 |
Commitments and Contingencies |  |  |
Stockholders' Equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock — $0.01 par value, authorized shares - 10,000,000; no shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 | — |  |  | — |
Common stock — $0.01 par value, authorized shares - 20,000,000; outstanding shares: 8,655,384 at December 31, 2023 and 8,417,656 at December 31, 2022 | 86 |  |  | 84 |
Paid-in capital | 43,265 |  |  | 40,342 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of income taxes | 5,301 |  |  | 3,053 |
Treasury stock — at cost, 3,992,152 shares at December 31, 2023 and 3,866,451 shares at December 31, 2022 | (31,768) |  |  | (29,099) |
Retained earnings | 122,069 |  |  | 101,745 |
Total Stockholders' Equity | 138,953 |  |  | 116,125 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $ | 213,377 |  |  | $ | 198,615 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
(In thousands, except for share data)

| Common Stock Outstanding |  | Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Treasury Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2020 | 7,980,516 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 36,127 |  |  | $ | 1,375 |  |  | $ | (28,521) |  |  | $ | 84,871 |  |  | $ | 93,932 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,671 |  |  | 4,671 |
Change in post retirement benefits, net of tax of $107 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (300) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (300) |
Purchase of treasury stock | (7,237) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (96) |  |  |  |  | (96) |
Restricted stock vested | 262,461 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 1,886 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,886 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 8,235,740 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 38,013 |  |  | $ | 1,075 |  |  | $ | (28,617) |  |  | $ | 89,542 |  |  | $ | 100,095 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,203 |  |  | 12,203 |
Change in post retirement benefits, net of tax of $381 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,432 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,432 |
Unrealized foreign currency hedge, net of tax of $27 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (58) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (58) |
Change in interest rate swaps, net of tax of $161 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 604 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 604 |
Purchase of treasury stock | (48,285) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (482) |  |  |  |  | (482) |
Restricted stock vested | 230,201 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 2,329 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,329 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 8,417,656 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 40,342 |  |  | $ | 3,053 |  |  | $ | (29,099) |  |  | $ | 101,745 |  |  | $ | 116,125 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20,324 |  |  | 20,324 |
Change in post retirement benefits, net of tax of $637 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,893 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,893 |
Change in foreign currency hedge, net of tax of $161 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 545 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 545 |
Change in interest rate swap, net of tax of $50 |  |  |  |  |  |  | (190) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (190) |
Purchase of treasury stock | (125,701) |  |  | (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,669) |  |  |  |  | (2,670) |
Exercise of stock appreciation rights | 100,641 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |
Restricted stock vested | 262,788 |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2 |
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 2,923 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,923 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | 8,655,384 |  |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 43,265 |  |  | $ | 5,301 |  |  | $ | (31,768) |  |  | $ | 122,069 |  |  | $ | 138,953 |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)

| Years Ended
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 20,324 |  |  | $ | 12,203 |  |  | $ | 4,671 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 12,912 |  |  | 11,884 |  |  | 11,616 |
Deferred income taxes | 2,473 |  |  | (3,469) |  |  | (475) |
Share-based compensation | 2,923 |  |  | 2,329 |  |  | 1,886 |
Loss on disposal of assets | 80 |  |  | — |  |  | 571 |
Loss from extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | 1,234 |  |  | — |
Loss (gain) on foreign currency | (58) |  |  | 396 |  |  | 172 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 2,550 |  |  | (9,000) |  |  | (8,952) |
Inventories | 1,808 |  |  | 1,258 |  |  | (6,769) |
Prepaid and other assets | (5,825) |  |  | 928 |  |  | (565) |
Accounts payable | (4,916) |  |  | 5,999 |  |  | 5,346 |
Accrued and other liabilities | 3,551 |  |  | (4,067) |  |  | 5,481 |
Post retirement benefits liability | (980) |  |  | (713) |  |  | (436) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 34,842 |  |  | 18,982 |  |  | 12,546 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | (9,100) |  |  | (16,588) |  |  | (11,569) |
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 154 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (9,100) |  |  | (16,588) |  |  | (11,415) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Gross borrowings on revolving loans | 37,098 |  |  | 165,172 |  |  | 49,610 |
Gross repayment on revolving loans | (38,962) |  |  | (167,732) |  |  | (45,606) |
Proceeds from term loan | — |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | — |
Payment of principal of term loan | (1,288) |  |  | (25,913) |  |  | (3,022) |
Payment of deferred loan costs | — |  |  | (402) |  |  | (2) |
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards | (2,669) |  |  | (482) |  |  | (96) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (5,821) |  |  | (4,357) |  |  | 884 |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 19,921 |  |  | (1,963) |  |  | 2,015 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 4,183 |  |  | 6,146 |  |  | 4,131 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 24,104 |  |  | $ | 4,183 |  |  | $ | 6,146 |
Cash paid for: |  |  |  |  |
Interest | $ | 1,234 |  |  | $ | 1,677 |  |  | $ | 1,840 |
Income taxes | $ | 5,250 |  |  | $ | 6,649 |  |  | $ | 5,067 |
Non-cash investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Fixed asset purchases in accounts payable | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | 868 |  |  | $ | 329 |
Non-cash financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Deposit used in payment of principal on term loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,200 |  |  | $ | — |

See notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Basis of Presentation
Core Molding Technologies and its subsidiaries operate in the engineered materials market as one operating segment as a molder of thermoplastic and thermoset structural products. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company's operating segment consisted of one component reporting unit. The Company produces and sells molded products for varied markets, including medium and heavy-duty trucks, power sports, building products and other industrial markets. The Company offers customers a wide range of manufacturing processes to fit various program volumes and investment requirements. These processes include compression molding of sheet molding compound ("SMC"), resin transfer molding ("RTM"), liquid molding of dicyclopentadiene ("DCPD"), spray-up and hand-lay-up, direct long-fiber thermoplastics ("D-LFT") and structural foam and structural web injection molding ("SIM"). Core Molding Technologies has its headquarters in Columbus, Ohio, and operates six production facilities in Columbus, Ohio; Gaffney, South Carolina; Winona, Minnesota; Matamoros and Escobedo, Mexico; and Cobourg, Ontario, Canada. All production facilities produce structural composite products.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation - The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all subsidiaries after elimination of all intercompany accounts, transactions, and profits.
Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
Revenue Recognition - The Company historically has recognized revenue from two streams, product revenue and tooling revenue. Product revenue is earned from the manufacture and sale of sheet molding compound and thermoset and thermoplastic products. Revenue from product sales is generally recognized as products are shipped, as the Company transfers control to the customer and is entitled to payment upon shipment. In certain circumstances, the Company recognizes revenue from product sales when products are produced and the customer takes control at our production facility.
Tooling revenue is earned from manufacturing multiple tools, molds and assembly equipment as part of a tooling program for a customer. Given that the Company is providing a significant service of producing highly interdependent component parts of the tooling program, each tooling program consists of a single performance obligation to provide the customer the capability to produce a single product. Based on the arrangement with the customer, the Company recognizes revenue either at a point in time or over time. When the Company does not have an enforceable right to payment, the Company recognizes tooling revenue at a point in time. In such cases, the Company recognizes revenue upon customer acceptance, which is when the customer has legal title to the tools.
Certain tooling programs include an enforceable right to payment. In those cases, the Company recognizes revenue over time based on the extent of progress towards completion of its performance obligation. The Company uses a cost-to-cost measure of progress for such contracts because it best depicts the transfer of value to the customer and also correlates with the amount of consideration to which the entity expects to be titled in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to the customer. Under the cost-to-cost measure of progress, progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash is held primarily in three banks in three separate jurisdictions. The Company had $24,104,000 cash on hand at December 31, 2023 and had $4,183,000 cash on hand at December 31, 2022.
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Accounts Receivable Allowances - Management maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. The Company determined that no allowance for doubtful accounts was needed at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022, respectively. Management also records estimates for customer returns and deductions, discounts offered to customers, and for price adjustments. Should customer returns and deductions, discounts, and price adjustments fluctuate from the estimated amounts, additional allowances may be required. The Company had an allowance for estimated chargebacks of $138,000 at December 31, 2023 and $502,000 at December 31, 2022.
Inventories - Inventories, which include material, labor and manufacturing overhead, are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The inventories are accounted for using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of determining inventory costs. Inventory quantities on-hand are regularly reviewed, and where necessary, provisions for excess and obsolete inventory are recorded based on historical and anticipated usage. The Company has recorded an allowance for slow moving and obsolete inventory of $671,000 at December 31, 2023 and $433,000 at December 31, 2022.
Inventories, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Raw materials and components | $ | 13,068 |  |  | $ | 16,523 |
Work in process | 2,649 |  |  | 2,929 |
Finished goods | 6,346 |  |  | 4,419 |
Total inventories, net | $ | 22,063 |  |  | $ | 23,871 |

Contract Assets/Liabilities - Contract assets and liabilities represent the net cumulative customer billings, vendor payments and revenue recognized for tooling programs. For tooling programs where net revenue recognized and vendor payments exceed customer billings, the Company recognizes a contract asset. For tooling programs where net customer billings exceed revenue recognized and vendor payments, the Company recognizes a contract liability. Customer payment terms vary by contract and can range from progress payments based on work performed or one single payment once the contract is completed. Contract assets are classified as current and are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are $77,000 and $344,000, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recognized no impairments on contract assets. Contract liabilities are classified as current on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Contract liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are $5,204,000 and $1,395,000, respectively. The Company recognized $2,446,000 and $14,562,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, corresponding with revenue from contract liabilities related to jobs outstanding at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Property, Plant, and Equipment - Property, plant, and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The carrying amount of long-lived assets is evaluated annually to determine if adjustment to the depreciation period or to the unamortized balance is warranted.
Ranges of estimated useful lives for computing depreciation are as follows:

Land improvements | 20 years
Buildings and improvements | 20 - 40 years
Machinery and equipment | 3 - 15 years
Tools, dies and patterns | 3 - 5 years

Long-Lived Assets - Long-lived assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment and finite-lived intangibles. The recoverability of long-lived assets is evaluated by an analysis of operating results and consideration of other significant events or changes in the business environment. The Company evaluates whether impairment exists for long-lived assets on the basis of undiscounted expected future cash flows from operations before interest. There was no impairment of the Company's long-lived assets for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The Company completed the closure
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of the manufacturing facility located in Batavia, Ohio as of December 31, 2021, and recognized a loss of $571,000 on the disposal of long-lived assets at December 31, 2021.
Goodwill - The purchase consideration of acquired businesses have been allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based on the estimated fair values on the respective acquisition dates. Based on these values, the excess purchase consideration over the fair value of the net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill. The Company accounts for goodwill in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. FASB ASC Topic 350 prohibits the amortization of goodwill and requires these assets be reviewed for impairment at the reporting unit level.
The annual impairment tests of goodwill may be completed through qualitative assessments; however the Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment and proceed directly to a quantitative impairment test for the reporting unit in any period. The Company may resume the qualitative assessment for the reporting unit in any subsequent period.
Under a qualitative and quantitative approach, the impairment test for goodwill consists of an assessment of whether it is more-likely-than-not that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. As part of the qualitative assessment, the Company considers relevant events and circumstances that affect the fair value or carrying amount of the Company. Such events and circumstances could include changes in economic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, reporting unit specific events and capital markets pricing. The Company places more weight on the events and circumstances that most affect the Company's fair value or carrying amount. These factors are all considered by management in reaching its conclusion about whether to perform step one of the impairment test. If the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment for the reporting unit, or if a qualitative assessment indicates it is more-likely-than-not that the estimated carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the Company proceeds to a quantitative approach.
The Company performed a qualitative analysis for the years end December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, and determined there was no impairment of the Company’s goodwill.
Income Taxes - The Company records deferred income taxes for differences between the financial reporting basis and income tax basis of assets and liabilities. A detailed breakout is located in Note 11 - Income Taxes.
Self-Insurance - The Company is self-insured with respect to Columbus, Ohio; Gaffney, South Carolina; Winona, Minnesota; and Brownsville, Texas for medical, dental and vision claims and Columbus, Ohio for workers’ compensation claims, all of which are subject to stop-loss insurance thresholds. The Company is also self-insured for dental and vision with respect to its Cobourg, Canada location. The Company has recorded an estimated liability for self-insured medical, dental and vision claims incurred but not reported and worker’s compensation claims incurred but not reported at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 of $988,000 and $889,000, respectively, included within the Other Current Liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Post Retirement Benefits - Management records an accrual for post retirement costs associated with the health care plan sponsored by the Company for certain retirees. Should actual results differ from the assumptions used to determine the reserves, additional provisions may be required. In particular, increases in future healthcare costs above the assumptions could have an adverse effect on the Company's operations. The effect of a change in healthcare costs is described in Note 12 - Post Retirement Benefits. Core Molding Technologies had a liability for post retirement healthcare benefits based on actuarially computed estimates of $3,116,000 at December 31, 2023 and $6,625,000 at December 31, 2022.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - The Company's financial instruments historically consist of long-term debt, revolving loans, interest rate swaps, foreign currency hedges, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. Further detail is located in Note 14 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments.
Concentration Risks - The Company has concentration risk related to significant amounts of sales and accounts receivable with certain customers. The Company had five major customers during the year end December 31, 2023, BRP, Inc. (“BRP”), Navistar, Inc. (“Navistar”), PACCAR, Inc. (“PACCAR”), Universal Forest Products, Inc. (“UFP”), and Volvo Group North America, LLC (“Volvo”). Major customers are defined as customers whose current year sales individually consist of more than ten percent of total sales during any annual or interim reporting period in the current year. Sales to five major customers comprised 68%, 64% and 63% of total sales in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively (see Note 4 - Major Customers). Concentrations of accounts receivable balances with five customers accounted for 67% of accounts receivable at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers' financial
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condition. The Company maintains reserves for potential bad debt losses, and such bad debt losses have been historically within the Company's expectations.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company employed a total of 1,857 employees, which consisted of 698 employees in the United States, 985 employees in Mexico and 174 employees in Canada. The salary workforce consisted of 369 employees, while 1,488 employees were hourly. Four plant locations making up 67.3% of the workforce are covered by collective bargaining agreements.
Details on the collective bargaining agreements are as follows:

Plant Location |  | Union Name |  | Expiration Date |  | Employees
Columbus, Ohio |  | International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers ("IAM") |  | August 9, 2025 |  | 321
Matamoros, Mexico |  | Sindicato de Jorneleros y Obreros |  | January 1, 2025 |  | 743
Cobourg, Canada |  | United Food & Commercial Workers Canada ("UFCW") |  | November 1, 2025 |  | 132
Escobedo, Mexico |  | Sindicato de trabajadores de la industria metalica y del comercio del estado de Nuevo Leon Presidente Benito Juarez Garcia C.T.M. |  | February 18, 2024(1) |  | 54

(1)The Company is currently negotiating an extension to the Escobedo, Mexico collective bargaining agreement.
Earnings per Common Share - Basic earnings per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share are computed similarly but include the effect of the assumed exercise of dilutive stock options and vesting of restricted stock under the treasury stock method. Certain of the Company's restricted shares are entitled to receive dividends and voting rights applicable to the Company's common stock, irrespective of any vesting requirement. These restricted shares are considered a participating security and the Company is required to apply the two-class method to consider the impact of the restricted shares on the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share. A detailed computation of earnings per share is located in Note 3 - Net Income (Loss) per Common Share.
Research and Development - Research and development activities focus on developing new material formulations, new products, new production capabilities and processes, and improving existing products and manufacturing processes. The Company does not maintain a separate research and development organization or facility, but uses its production equipment, as necessary, to support these efforts and cooperates with its customers and its suppliers in research and development efforts. Manpower to direct and advance research and development is integrated with the existing manufacturing, engineering, production, and quality organizations. Research and development costs, which are expensed as incurred, totaled approximately $1.7 million, $1.6 million and $1.3 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Foreign Currency - The functional currency for the Mexican and Canadian operations is the United States Dollar. All foreign currency asset and liability amounts are remeasured into United States Dollars at end-of-period exchange rates. Income statement accounts are remeasured at the weighted monthly average rates. Gains and losses resulting from remeasurement of foreign currency financial statements into United States Dollars and gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in current results of operations. Net foreign currency remeasurement and transaction activity is included in selling, general and administrative expense. This activity resulted in income of $291,000 in 2023. The activity resulted in an expense of $401,000 and $149,000 in 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Current expected credit loss (CECL)
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses,” which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that will replace today’s “incurred loss” model and generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, entities will measure credit losses in a manner similar to current practice, except that the losses will be recognized as an allowance. Subsequent to issuing ASU 2016-13, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses,” for the purpose of clarifying certain aspects of ASU 2016-13. ASU 2018-19 has the same effective date and transition requirements as ASU
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2016-13. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments,” which is effective with the adoption of ASU 2016-13. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326),” which is also effective with the adoption of ASU 2016-13. In November 2019, the FASB voted to delay the implementation date for certain companies, including those that qualify as a smaller reporting company under SEC rules, until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We have adopted this ASU as of January 1, 2023 with no material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or presentation thereof.
3. Net Income per Common Share
Net income per common share is computed based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per common share is computed similarly but includes the effect of the assumed exercise of dilutive stock appreciation rights and restricted stock under the treasury stock method.
On May 13, 2021, the Company's shareholders approved the 2021 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) that replaced the 2006 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”) approved in May 2006 and amended in May 2015. The 2021 Plan provides restricted stock award recipients voting rights equivalent to the Company's common stock and accrual of dividends but not receipt of dividends until all conditions or restrictions related to such award have been satisfied. Accordingly, the restricted shares are not considered participating shares. The 2006 Plan provides restricted stock award recipients voting rights equivalent to the Company’s common stock and accrual and receipt of dividends irrespective of any conditions or restrictions related to such award being satisfied. Accordingly, the restricted shares granted from the 2006 Plan are considered a participating security and the Company is required to apply the two-class method to consider the impact of the restricted shares on the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share.
The computation of basic and diluted net income per common share is as follows (in thousands, except for per share data):

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net income | $ | 20,324 |  |  | $ | 12,203 |  |  | $ | 4,671 |
Less: net income allocated to participating securities | 81 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 232 |
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 20,243 |  |  | $ | 12,023 |  |  | $ | 4,439 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic | 8,550 |  |  | 8,356 |  |  | 8,062 |
Effect of dilutive securities | 222 |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |
Weighted average common and potentially issuable common shares outstanding — diluted | 8,772 |  |  | 8,368 |  |  | 8,062 |
Basic net income per common share | $ | 2.37 |  |  | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |
Diluted net income per common share | $ | 2.31 |  |  | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |

The computation of basic and diluted net income per participating share is as follows (in thousands, except for per share data):

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Net income allocated to participating securities | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | 232 |
Weighted average participating shares outstanding — basic | 34 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 422 |
Effect of dilutive securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Weighted average participating and potentially issuable participating shares outstanding — diluted | 34 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 422 |
Basic net income per participating share | $ | 2.37 |  |  | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |
Diluted net income per participating share | $ | 2.37 |  |  | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |

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4.Major Customers
The Company had five major customers during the year ended December 31, 2023, BRP, Navistar, PACCAR, UFP and Volvo. Major customers are defined as customers whose sales individually consist of more than ten percent of total sales during any annual or interim reporting period in the current year. The loss of a significant portion of sales to these customers could have a material adverse effect on the business of the Company.
The following table presents sales revenue for the above-mentioned customers for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
BRP product sales | $ | 43,924 |  |  | $ | 51,057 |  |  | $ | 35,078 |
BRP tooling sales | 4,778 |  |  | 1,613 |  |  | 2,735 |
Total BRP sales | 48,702 |  |  | 52,670 |  |  | 37,813 |
Navistar product sales | 71,367 |  |  | 60,778 |  |  | 39,546 |
Navistar tooling sales | 751 |  |  | 3,126 |  |  | 6,962 |
Total Navistar sales | 72,118 |  |  | 63,904 |  |  | 46,508 |
PACCAR product sales | 35,745 |  |  | 36,652 |  |  | 33,545 |
PACCAR tooling sales | 1,618 |  |  | 1,293 |  |  | 2,016 |
Total PACCAR sales | 37,363 |  |  | 37,945 |  |  | 35,561 |
UFP product sales | 25,390 |  |  | 33,638 |  |  | 38,292 |
UFP tooling sales | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total UFP sales | 25,390 |  |  | 33,638 |  |  | 38,292 |
Volvo product sales | 57,168 |  |  | 51,428 |  |  | 35,854 |
Volvo tooling sales | 1,030 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 123 |
Total Volvo sales | 58,198 |  |  | 51,643 |  |  | 35,977 |
Other product sales | 113,781 |  |  | 125,148 |  |  | 101,710 |
Other tooling sales | 2,186 |  |  | 12,428 |  |  | 11,622 |
Total other sales | 115,967 |  |  | 137,576 |  |  | 113,332 |
Total product sales | 347,375 |  |  | 358,701 |  |  | 284,025 |
Total tooling sales | 10,363 |  |  | 18,675 |  |  | 23,458 |
Total sales | $ | 357,738 |  |  | $ | 377,376 |  |  | $ | 307,483 |

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5. Foreign Operations
Primarily all of the Company's product is sold to U.S. based customers in U.S. dollars. The following table provides information related to sales by country, based on the ship to location of customers' production facilities, for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
United States | $ | 234,504 |  |  | $ | 231,391 |  |  | $ | 191,667 |
Mexico | 105,818 |  |  | 113,245 |  |  | 88,952 |
Canada | 11,980 |  |  | 26,829 |  |  | 22,642 |
Other | 5,436 |  |  | 5,911 |  |  | 4,222 |
Total | $ | 357,738 |  |  | $ | 377,376 |  |  | $ | 307,483 |

The following table provides information related to the location of the Company's property, plant and equipment, net, as of December 31 (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022
United States | $ | 37,737 |  |  | $ | 37,483 |
Mexico | 34,802 |  |  | 36,405 |
Canada | 8,646 |  |  | 9,379 |
Total | $ | 81,185 |  |  | $ | 83,267 |

6. Property, Plant, and Equipment
Property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following at December 31 (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022
Land and land improvements | $ | 6,009 |  |  | $ | 6,009 |
Building and improvements | 45,775 |  |  | 44,490 |
Machinery and equipment | 152,063 |  |  | 139,408 |
Tools, dies, and patterns | 3,222 |  |  | 3,222 |
Additions in progress | 2,264 |  |  | 7,396 |
Total | 209,333 |  |  | 200,525 |
Less accumulated depreciation | (128,148) |  |  | (117,258) |
Property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 81,185 |  |  | $ | 83,267 |

Additions in progress at December 31, 2023 and 2022 relate to building improvements and equipment purchases that were not yet completed and placed in service at year end. At December 31, 2023, commitments for capital expenditures in progress were $1,100,000 and included $298,000 recorded on the balance sheet in accounts payable. At December 31, 2022, commitments for capital expenditures in progress were $2,812,000, and included $868,000 recorded on the balance sheet in accounts payable. Depreciation expense was $11,229,000, $9,655,000 and $9,181,000 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
7. Leases
The Company has operating leases with fixed and variable payment terms primarily associated with buildings and warehouses. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of twelve months to forty-five months, some of which include options to extend the lease for five years. Operating leases are included in right-of-use ("ROU") assets, other accrued liabilities and other non-current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.
The Company used the applicable incremental borrowing rate at lease inception date to measure lease liabilities and ROU assets. The incremental borrowing rate used by the Company was based on baseline rates and adjusted by the credit spreads
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commensurate with the Company’s secured borrowing rate. At each reporting period when there is a new lease initiated, the Company will utilize the rate implicit in the lease if readily determinable and if not readily determinable, then the Company will utilize the incremental borrowing rate to perform lease classification tests on lease components and to measure ROU assets and lease liabilities.
The following table provides information related to the components of lease expense as of December 31 (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022
Operating lease cost | $ | 2,073 |  |  | $ | 1,715 |
Short-term lease cost | 1,922 |  |  | 1,549 |
Total net lease cost | $ | 3,995 |  |  | $ | 3,264 |

The following table provides information related to other supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases as of December 31, (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022
Operating lease: |  |  |
Operating lease right of use assets | $ | 3,802 |  |  | $ | 5,114 |
Total operating lease right of use assets | $ | 3,802 |  |  | $ | 5,114 |
Current operating lease liabilities (A) | $ | 1,981 |  |  | $ | 1,626 |
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities (B) | 1,828 |  |  | 3,516 |
Total operating lease liabilities | $ | 3,809 |  |  | $ | 5,142 |

(A) Current operating lease liability included in "Other Current Accrued Liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(B) Noncurrent operating lease liability included in "Other Non-Current Liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

| 2023 |  | 2022
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years): | 2.4 |  | 3.6
Weighted average discount rate: | 5.5 | % |  | 4.1 | %

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, cash payments on amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities were $2,117,000 and $1,640,000, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company terminated a lease for the secondary warehouse in Monterrey, Mexico. As a result, the Company wrote off approximately $1,548,000 and $1,660,000 of lease assets and lease liabilities, respectively, related to this lease. The Company then entered into a new lease related to the secondary warehouse in Monterrey, Mexico, which resulted in right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities of $641,000. The Company also entered into a new lease related to a warehouse in Matamoros, Mexico, which resulted in additional right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities of $1,172,000. During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were $1,099,000 right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities.
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As of December 31, 2023, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

| Operating Leases
2024 | $ | 2,137 |
2025 | 1,122 |
2026 | 594 |
2027 | 189 |
Total lease payments | 4,042 |
Less: imputed interest | (233) |
Total lease obligations | 3,809 |
Less: current obligations | (1,981) |
Long-term lease obligations | $ | 1,828 |

8. Goodwill and Intangibles
Goodwill activity for the year consisted of the following at December 31, (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 17,376 |  |  | $ | 17,376 |
Additions | — |  |  | — |
Impairment | — |  |  | — |
Balance at end of year | $ | 17,376 |  |  | $ | 17,376 |

Intangible assets at December 31, 2023 were comprised of the following (in thousands):

Definite-lived Intangible Assets | Amortization Period |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Trade Name | 25 years |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | (88) |  |  | $ | 162 |
Trademarks | 10 years |  | 1,610 |  |  | (959) |  |  | 651 |
Non-competition Agreement | 5 years |  | 1,810 |  |  | (1,810) |  |  | — |
Developed Technology | 7 years |  | 4,420 |  |  | (3,762) |  |  | 658 |
Customer Relationships | 10-12 years |  | 9,330 |  |  | (4,784) |  |  | 4,546 |
Total |  |  | $ | 17,420 |  |  | $ | (11,403) |  |  | $ | 6,017 |

Intangible assets at December 31, 2022 were comprised of the following (in thousands):

Definite-lived Intangible Assets | Amortization Period |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Trade Name | 25 years |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | (78) |  |  | $ | 172 |
Trademarks | 10 years |  | 1,610 |  |  | (798) |  |  | 812 |
Non-competition Agreement | 5 years |  | 1,810 |  |  | (1,795) |  |  | 15 |
Developed Technology | 7 years |  | 4,420 |  |  | (3,131) |  |  | 1,289 |
Customer Relationships | 10-12 years |  | 9,330 |  |  | (3,999) |  |  | 5,331 |
Total |  |  | $ | 17,420 |  |  | $ | (9,801) |  |  | $ | 7,619 |

The Company incurred $1,602,000, $1,948,000 and $1,949,000 of amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
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As of December 31, 2023, future intangible amortization was follows (in thousands):

| Amortization Expense
2024 | $ | 1,587 |
2025 | 952
2026 | 915
2027 | 915
2028 | 761
2029 and thereafter | 887
Total intangibles as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 6,017 |

9. Debt
Long-term debt consists of the following at (in thousands):

| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Leaf Capital term loan payable | 48 |  |  | 85 |
Huntington term loans payable | 23,230 |  |  | 24,479 |
Total | 23,278 |  |  | 24,564 |
Less: deferred loan costs | (291) |  |  | (370) |
Less: current portion | (1,468) |  |  | (1,208) |
Long-term debt | $ | 21,519 |  |  | $ | 22,986 |

Huntington Credit Agreement
On July 22, 2022, the Company entered into a credit agreement (the “Huntington Credit Agreement”) with The Huntington National Bank (“Huntington”), as the sole lender, administrative agent, lead arranger and book runner, and the lenders from time to time thereto. Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company secured loans (the “Huntington Loans”) in the maximum aggregate principal amount of $75,000,000 ($38,689,000 of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022), comprised of three $25,000,000 commitments: a term loan commitment, a CapEx loan commitment, and a revolving loan commitment.
The initial proceeds from the Huntington Credit Agreement were used in part to (i) repay all existing outstanding indebtedness of the Company owing to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and FGI Equipment Finance LLC (“FGI”) and (ii) pay certain fees and expenses associated with entering the Huntington Credit Agreement.
At the option of the Company, the Huntington Loans shall be comprised of Alternative Base Rate (ABR) Loans or Secure Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Loans.
ABR Loans bear interest at a per annum rate equal to ABR plus a margin of 280 to 330 basis points determined based on the Company’s leverage ratio. ABR is the greatest of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Funds Rate in effect on such day plus 0.50% per annum and (c) Daily Simple SOFR for such day (taking into account any floor set forth in the definition of “Daily Simple SOFR”) plus 1.00% per annum; provided, that if the ABR shall be less than 0.00%, then ABR shall be deemed to be 0.00%.
SOFR Loans bear interest at a per annum rate equal to Daily Simple SOFR plus a margin of 180 to 230 basis points determined based on the Company’s leverage ratio. Daily Simple SOFR means, for any day (a “SOFR Rate Day”), a rate per annum equal to the greater of (a) SOFR for the day (such day, the “SOFR Determination Date”) that is five (5) U.S. Government Securities Business Days prior to (i) if such SOFR Rate Day is a U.S. Government Securities Business Day, such SOFR Rate Day or (ii) if such SOFR Rate Day is not a U.S. Government Securities Business Day, the U.S. Government Securities Business Day immediately preceding such SOFR Rate Day, in each case, as such SOFR is published by the SOFR Administrator on the SOFR Administrator’s Website, and (b) 0.00%.
The Company’s obligations under the Huntington Credit Agreement are secured by all of the U.S. and Canadian assets of the Company, including all of its equity interests in each of the Company’s U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries and 65% of the
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Company’s equity interest in its Mexican subsidiaries, and are unconditionally guaranteed by certain subsidiaries of the Company.
The Huntington Credit Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, conditions, affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The Company is in compliance with such covenants as of December 31, 2023.
Voluntary prepayments of amounts outstanding under the Huntington Loans are permitted at any time without premium or penalty.
In connection with the credit agreement, the Company incurred debt origination fees of $402,000 related to the Huntington Credit Agreement, which is being amortized over the life of the Credit Agreement. The aggregate unamortized deferred financing fees as of December 31, 2023 totaled $291,000.
Huntington Capex Loan
Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company secured Capex loan (the “Huntington Capex Loan”) in the maximum aggregate principal amount of $25,000,000 (none of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022 and through December 31, 2023). Proceeds of the Huntington Capex Loan would be used to finance the ongoing capital expenditure needs of the Company.
Any borrowings from the Huntington Capex Loan will be converted to new term loans annually each February, beginning February 2025, and will have monthly principal repayments based on a sixty-month amortization period with all amounts outstanding on the Huntington Capex Loan being fully due on July 22, 2027.
Huntington Revolving Loan
Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company a revolving loan commitment (the “Huntington Revolving Loan”) of $25,000,000 ($13,689,000 of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022). The Company has $25,000,000 of available revolving loans of which none is outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The interest rate for the Huntington Revolving Loan was 7.11% as of December 31, 2023.
The Huntington Credit Agreement makes available to the Company a revolving commitment in the maximum amount of $25,000,000 at the Company’s option at any time during the five-year period following the closing. The revolving loan commitment terminates, and all outstanding borrowings thereunder must be repaid on July 22, 2027.
Huntington Term Loan
Pursuant to the terms of the Huntington Credit Agreement, Huntington made available to the Company a Term Loan commitment (the “Huntington Term Loan”) of $25,000,000 ($25,000,000 of which was advanced to the Company on July 22, 2022). The Huntington Term Loan is to be repaid in monthly installments beginning August 2022 of $104,000 per month for the first 24 months, $156,000 per month for the next 24 months, $208,000 for the next 12 months and the remaining balance to be paid on July 22, 2027. The interest rate for the Huntington Term Loan was 7.11% as of December 31, 2023.
Interest Rate Swap Agreement
The Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement that became effective July 22, 2022 and continues through July 2027, which was designed as a cash flow hedge for an initial aggregate amount of $25,000,000 of the Huntington Term Loan. Under this agreement, the Company will pay a fixed SOFR rate of 2.95% to the swap counterparty in exchange for the Term Loans daily variable SOFR. The fair value of the interest rate swap was an asset of $524,000 and $765,000 at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Leaf Capital Funding
On April 24, 2020 the Company entered into a finance agreement with Leaf Capital Funding of $175,000 for equipment. The parties agreed to a fixed interest rate of 5.50% and a term of 60 months.
Wells Fargo Loan
On December 31, 2021, the Company had term loans (the "WF Term Loans") and a revolving loan (the "WF Revolving loan") with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, with balances of $13,992,000 and $4,424,000, respectively. The Company’s term and revolving loans had variable interest rates on December 31, 2021 of 3.77% and 4.25%, respectively. On July 22, 2022, all existing outstanding indebtedness of the Company owed to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association was repaid in full as part of the Huntington Credit Agreement.
FGI Equipment Finance LLC Term Loan
On December 31, 2021, the Company had a term loan (the "FGI Term Loan"), evidenced by a promissory note (the "FGI Note") with FGI, with a balance of $12,561,000. The Company’s term loan had a fixed interest rate of 8.25% at December
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31, 2021. On July 22, 2022, all existing outstanding indebtedness of the Company owed to FGI was repaid in full as part of the Huntington Credit Agreement.
At December 31, 2022, the company recorded losses of $1,234,000 from writing off outstanding deferred loan costs and approximately $348,000 from prepayment fees associated with the FGI Term Loan.
Annual maturities of long-term debt are as follows (in thousands):

2024 | $ | 1,549 |
2025 | 1,885 |
2026 | 2,135 |
2027 | 17,709 |
Total long-term debt as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 23,278 |

10. Stock Based Compensation
On May 13, 2021, the Company's shareholders approved the 2021 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) that replaced the 2006 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan (the “2006 Plan”) approved in May 2006 and amended in May 2015. The 2021 Plan allows for grants to employees, officers, non-employee directors, consultants, independent contractors and advisors of non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and other stock-based awards (“stock awards”) up to an aggregate of 924,823 awards. At December 31, 2023, 289,929 shares of common stock were available to be granted. Awards can be granted under the 2021 Plan through the earlier of May 13, 2031, or the date the maximum number of available awards under the 2021 Plan have been granted. No new awards may be granted from the 2006 Plan.
Awards under the 2021 Plan vest over one to three years and shares previously awarded and currently unvested under the 2006 Plan vest over three years. Shares granted under both the 2006 and 2021 Plans vest upon the date of a participant’s death, disability or change in control.
The Company follows the provisions of FASB ASC 718 requiring that compensation cost relating to share-based payment transactions be recognized in the financial statements. The cost is measured at the grant date, based on the calculated fair value of the award, and is recognized as an expense over the employee's requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity award).
During 2023, 2022 and 2021, employees surrendered 125,701, 48,285 and 7,237 shares, respectfully, of the Company's common stock to satisfy income tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting and exercising of stock awards.
Restricted Stock
The Company grants shares of its common stock to certain directors and employees in the form of unvested stock (“Restricted Stock”). These awards are measured at the fair value of Core Molding Technologies’ common stock on the date of issuance and recognized ratably as compensation expense over the applicable vesting period.
The following summarizes the status of Restricted Stock and changes during the years ended December 31:

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| Number of Shares |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested - beginning of year | 502,747 |  | $ | 10.46 |  |  | 459,420 |  | $ | 9.79 |  |  | 507,835 |  | $ | 6.35 |
Granted | 179,580 |  | 15.98 |  |  | 287,485 |  | 10.39 |  |  | 250,635 |  | 13.74 |
Vested | (262,788) |  | 9.85 |  |  | (230,201) |  | 7.87 |  |  | (262,461) |  | 6.89 |
Forfeited | (45,956) |  | 12.46 |  |  | (13,957) |  | 11.28 |  |  | (36,589) |  | 7.66 |
Unvested - end of year | 373,583 |  | $ | 13.33 |  |  | 502,747 |  | $ | 10.46 |  |  | 459,420 |  | $ | 9.79 |

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At December 31, 2023 and 2022, there was $3,008,000 and $3,570,000, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation expense. That cost is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of 1.7 years. Total compensation expense related to restricted stock grants for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $2,871,000, $2,284,000, and $1,762,000, respectively, and is recorded as selling, general and administrative expense.
Tax benefits in connection with payment of taxes upon the vesting of restricted stock previously issued to employees for the year ended December 31, 2023, was $536,000. Tax deficiencies in connection with payment of taxes upon the vesting of restricted stock previously issued to employees for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $79,000. Tax benefits in connection with payment of taxes upon the vesting of restricted stock previously issued to employees for the year ended December 31, 2021, was $305,000.
Performance Restricted Stock Awards
The Company grants shares of its common stock to certain officers and key managers in the form of shares of performance-based restricted stock ("Performance Restricted Stock Awards"). These awards are measured at the fair value of the Company's common stock on the date of issuance and recognized ratably as compensation expense over the applicable vesting period to the extent that the performance measures have been satisfied as of the last day of the performance period of the award. The total amount payable as of the award's vesting date is determined by the three-year average Operational Income and Return on Capital Employed performance measure achievement as defined in the applicable award agreement. The Company adjusts compensation expense for actual forfeitures as they occur and for estimated performance measure achievement.
The following summarizes the status of Performance Restricted Stock Awards and changes during the years ended December 31:

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| Number of Shares |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested - beginning of year | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Granted | 13,350 |  |  | 15.98 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Vested | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | (1,613) |  |  | 15.98 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Unvested - end of year | 11,737 |  |  | $ | 15.98 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |

At December 31, 2023, there was $135,000 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to Performance Restricted Stock Awards. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to Performance Restricted Stock Awards. The unrecognized compensation expense at December 31, 2023 is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of 2.2 years. Total compensation cost related to Performance Restricted Stock Awards for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $52,000, all of which was recorded to selling, general and administrative expense.
Stock Appreciation Rights
As part of the Company's 2019 annual grant, Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) were granted with a grant price of $10. These awards have a contractual term of five years and vest ratably over a period of three years or immediately vest if the recipient is over 65 years of age. These awards are valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, and are amortized ratably as compensation expense over a three-year period.
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A summary of the Company's stock appreciation rights activity for the years ended December 31, is as follows:

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| Number of Shares |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value |  | Number of Shares |  | Wtd. Avg. Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding - beginning of year | 177,016 |  |  | $ | 2.57 |  |  | 177,016 |  |  | $ | 2.57 |  |  | 180,925 |  |  | $ | 2.57 |
Granted | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Exercised | (177,016) |  |  | 2.57 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,909) |  |  | 2.57 |
Outstanding - end of year | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 177,016 |  |  | $ | 2.57 |  |  | 177,016 |  |  | $ | 2.57 |
Exercisable - end of year | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 177,016 |  |  | $ | 2.57 |  |  | 124,801 |  |  | $ | 2.57 |

The weighted average grant date fair value of exercised SARs was $2.57. At December 31, 2022, there was no unrecognized compensation expense related to SARs.
The Company did not recognize any compensation cost related to SARs for the year ended December 31, 2023. Total compensation cost related to SARs for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $45,000 and $127,000 respectively, all of which was recorded to selling, general and administrative expense.
11. Income Taxes
Components of the provision for income taxes are as follows (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | (18) |  |  | $ | (388) |
Foreign | 2,835 |  |  | 5,896 |  |  | 4,979 |
State and local | 88 |  |  | (27) |  |  | 24 |
| 2,949 |  |  | 5,851 |  |  | 4,615 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 2,844 |  |  | (3,533) |  |  | (208) |
Foreign | (451) |  |  | 80 |  |  | (167) |
State and local | 80 |  |  | (16) |  |  | 8 |
| 2,473 |  |  | (3,469) |  |  | (367) |
Provision for income taxes | $ | 5,422 |  |  | $ | 2,382 |  |  | $ | 4,248 |

A reconciliation of the income tax provision based on the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company's income tax provision for the years ended December 31 is as follows (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Provision at United States federal statutory rate | $ | 5,407 |  |  | $ | 3,063 |  |  | $ | 1,870 |
U.S. federal valuation allowance | — |  |  | (2,363) |  |  | 1,706 |
U.S. state and local valuation allowance | 379 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 269 |
Net operating loss carryback at 34% tax rate | — |  |  | — |  |  | (137) |
Effect of foreign taxes | 143 |  |  | 1,519 |  |  | 996 |
State and local tax expense | (385) |  |  | (391) |  |  | (237) |
Other | (122) |  |  | 205 |  |  | (219) |
Provision for income taxes | $ | 5,422 |  |  | $ | 2,382 |  |  | $ | 4,248 |

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At December 31, 2023, a provision has not been made for U.S. taxes on accumulated undistributed earnings of approximately $32,622,000 and $19,153,000 of the Company's Canadian and Mexican subsidiaries, respectively, that would become payable upon repatriation to the United States. At December 31, 2022, a provision has not been made for U.S. taxes on accumulated undistributed earnings of approximately $28,100,000 and $16,479,000 of the Company's Canadian and Mexican subsidiaries, respectively, that would become payable upon repatriation to the United States. It is the intention of the Company to reinvest all such earnings in operations and facilities outside of the United States. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of deferred tax liability related to investments in these foreign subsidiaries.
The Company evaluates the balance of deferred tax assets that will be realized based on the premise that the Company is more likely than not to realize deferred tax benefits through the generation of future taxable income. Management makes assumptions, judgments, and estimates to determine our current and deferred tax provision and also the deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company evaluates provisions and deferred tax assets quarterly to determine if adjustments to our valuation allowance are required based on the consideration of all available evidence.
As of December 31, 2023 the Company had a net deferred tax asset of $1,595,000 related to tax positions in Mexico and deferred tax liabilities of $1,182,000 and $43,000 related to tax positions in the United States and Canada. Deferred tax assets are included in "Other non-current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and deferred tax liabilities are included in "Other non-current liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had a valuation allowance of $1,530,000 against the deferred tax asset related to local tax positions in the United States, due to cumulative losses over the last three years and uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to realize the deferred assets. The Company believes that the deferred tax assets associated with the Mexican tax jurisdictions are more-likely-than-not to be realizable based on estimates of future taxable income.
As of December 31, 2022 the Company had net deferred tax assets of $163,000, $893,000 and $2,406,000 related to tax positions in Canada, Mexico and the United States, respectively. Deferred tax assets are included in "Other non-current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During 2022, the Company reversed $2,363,000 of its valuation allowance on deferred tax assets related to federal tax positions in the United States, due to tax planning strategies. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had a valuation allowance of $1,154,000 against the deferred tax asset related to local tax positions in the United States, due to cumulative losses over the last three years and uncertainty related to the Company’s ability to realize the deferred assets. The Company believes that the deferred tax assets associated with the Canadian and Mexican tax jurisdictions are more-likely-than-not to be realizable based on estimates of future taxable income.
Deferred tax assets consist of the following at December 31:

| 2023 |  | 2022
U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 442 |  |  | $ | 2,276 |
U.S. state and local operating loss carryforwards | 1,553 |  |  | 1,123 |
Interest limitation carryforwards | 1,162 |  |  | 1,734 |
Accrued liabilities | 595 |  |  | 626 |
Accounts receivable | 32 |  |  | 44 |
Inventory | 211 |  |  | 215 |
Property, plant, and equipment | (6,065) |  |  | (5,111) |
Post retirement benefits | 1,024 |  |  | 1,629 |
Goodwill and finite-lived assets, net | 2,151 |  |  | 1,662 |
Other, net | 795 |  |  | 418 |
Total deferred tax asset | 1,900 |  |  | 4,616 |
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets | (1,530) |  |  | (1,154) |
Total deferred tax asset (liability), net | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | 3,462 |

At December 31, 2023, the Company's estimated net operating loss carryforwards and interest limitation carryforwards in the United States federal tax jurisdiction were $2,100,000 and $4,945,000, respectively. At December 31, 2022, the Company's estimated net operating loss carryforwards and interest limitation carryforwards in the United States federal tax jurisdiction were $10,836,000 and $7,883,000, respectively. Both carryforwards do not expire. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no net operating loss carryforwards in Canada or Mexico or jurisdictions.
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At December 31, 2023 and 2022 the Company had no liability for unrecognized tax benefits under guidance relating to tax uncertainties. The Company does not anticipate that the unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change within the next twelve months.
The Company files income tax returns in the United States, Mexico, Canada and various state and local jurisdictions. The Company is subject to federal income tax examinations for tax years 2014 through 2017 but the scope of examination is limited to adjustments resulting from Net Operating Loss carry back claims from the 2019, and 2020 tax years. The Company is subject to federal income tax examinations for years 2020 through 2023 with unlimited scope. The Company is not subject to state examinations for years before 2020. The Company is not subject to Mexican income tax examinations by Mexican authorities for the years before 2018 and is not subject to Canadian income tax examinations by Canadian authorities for the years before 2019.
12. Post Retirement Benefits
The Company provides post retirement benefits to certain of its United States and Canadian employees, including contributions to a multi-employer defined benefit pension plan, health care and life insurance benefits, and contributions to several defined retirement contribution plans.
The Company contributes to a multi-employer defined benefit pension plan for its employees represented by the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers ("IAM") at the Company’s Columbus, Ohio production facility. The Company does not administer this plan and contributions are determined in accordance with provisions of the collective bargaining agreement. The risks of participating in this multi-employer plan are different from a single-employer plan in the following aspects:
•Assets contributed to the multi-employer plan by one employer may be used to provide benefits to employees of other participating employers.
•If a participating employer stops contributing to the plan, the unfunded obligations of the plan may be borne by the remaining participating employers.
•If the Company chooses to stop participating in its multi-employer plan, the Company may be required to pay the plan an amount based on the underfunded status of the plan, referred to as a withdrawal liability.
The Company’s participation in the multi-employer defined benefit pension plan for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is outlined in the table below. The most recent Pension Protection Act ("PPA") zone status is for the plan’s year-end at December 31, 2022. The zone status is based on information the Company received from the plan and is certified by the plan’s actuary. Among other factors, plans in the red zone are generally less than 65% funded, plans in the yellow zone are less than 80% funded, and plans in the green zone are at least 80% funded. The “FIP/RP Status Pending/Implemented” column indicates whether a financial improvement plan ("FIP") or a rehabilitation plan ("RP") is either pending or has been implemented.

Pension Fund |  | EIN/Pension Plan Number |  | Pension Protection Act Zone Status |  | FIP/RP Status Pending/ Implemented |  | Contributions of the Company |  | Surcharge Imposed |  | Expiration Date of Collective Bargaining Agreement
2023 |  | 2022 | 2023 |  | 2022
IAM National Pension Fund / National Pension Plan (A) |  | 51-6031295 - 002 |  | Red Zone as of 12/31/22 |  | Red Zone as of 12/31/21 |  | Implemented |  | $ | 1,002,000 |  |  | $ | 1,191,000 |  |  | Yes |  | 8/7/2025
|  |  |  |  |  | Total Contributions: |  | $ | 1,002,000 |  |  | $ | 1,191,000 |  |  |  |  |

(A)The plan re-certified its zone status after using the amortization provisions of the Code. The Company's contributions to the plan did not represent more than 5% of total contributions to the plan as indicated in the plan's most recently available annual report for the plan year ended December 31, 2022. Under the terms of the collective-bargaining agreement, the Company is required to make contributions to the plan for each hour worked up to a maximum of 40 hours per person, per week at $1.55 per hour from August 10, 2019 through August 9, 2025. The Company is paying a surcharge of $0.16 for each hour worked up to a maximum of 40 hours per person, per week as a result of the pension plan being in the Red Zone.
Prior to the acquisition of Columbus Plastics, certain of the Company's employees were participants, or were eligible to participate, in Navistar's post retirement health and life insurance benefit plan. This plan provides healthcare and life insurance benefits for certain employees upon their retirement, along with their spouses and certain dependents and
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requires cost sharing between the Company, Navistar and the participants, in the form of premiums, co-payments, and deductibles. The Company and Navistar share the cost of benefits for these employees, using a formula that allocates the cost based upon the respective portion of time that the employee was an active service participant after the acquisition of Columbus Plastics to the period of active service prior to the acquisition of Columbus Plastics.
The Company also sponsors a post retirement health and life insurance benefit plan for certain union retirees of its Columbus, Ohio production facility. In August 2010, as part of a new collective-bargaining agreement, the post retirement health and life insurance benefits for all current and future represented employees who were not retired were eliminated in exchange for a one-time cash payment. Individuals who retired prior to August 2010 remain eligible for post retirement health and life insurance benefits.
The elimination of post retirement health and life insurance benefits described above resulted in a reduction of the Company’s post retirement benefits liability of approximately $10,282,000 in 2010. This reduction in post retirement benefits liability was treated as a negative plan amendment and is being amortized as a reduction to net periodic benefit cost over approximately twenty years, the actuarial life expectancy of the remaining participants in the plan at the time of the amendment. This negative plan amendment resulted in net periodic benefit cost reductions of approximately $496,000 in 2023, 2022 and 2021, and will result in net periodic benefit cost reductions of approximately $496,000 in 2024 and each year thereafter during the amortization period.
The funded status of the Company's post retirement health and life insurance benefits plan as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and reconciliation with the amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are provided below (in thousands):

| Post Retirement Benefits
2023 |  | 2022
Change in benefit obligation: |  |  |
Benefit obligation at January 1 | $ | 6,625 |  |  | $ | 9,080 |
Interest cost | 254 |  |  | 198 |
Unrecognized gain | (3,004) |  |  | (2,136) |
Benefits paid, net | (759) |  |  | (517) |
Benefit obligation at December 31 | $ | 3,116 |  |  | $ | 6,625 |
Plan Assets | — |  |  | — |
Amounts recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income: |  |  |
Prior service credit | $ | (3,648) |  |  | $ | (4,122) |
Net loss (gain) | (2,056) |  |  | 948 |
Total | $ | (5,704) |  |  | $ | (3,174) |
Weighted-average assumptions as of December 31: |  |  |
Discount rate used to determine benefit obligation and net periodic benefit cost | 4.7 | % |  | 4.9 | %

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The components of expense for all of the Company's post retirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Pension expense: |  |  |  |  |
Multi-employer plan | $ | 981 |  |  | $ | 1,137 |  |  | $ | 857 |
Defined contribution plans | 1,873 |  |  | 1,482 |  |  | 1,231 |
Total pension expense | 2,854 |  |  | 2,619 |  |  | 2,088 |
Health and life insurance: |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost | 254 |  |  | 198 |  |  | 161 |
Amortization of prior service credits | (496) |  |  | (496) |  |  | (496) |
Amortization of net loss | 22 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 173 |
Net periodic benefit credit | (220) |  |  | (124) |  |  | (162) |
Total post retirement benefits expense | $ | 2,634 |  |  | $ | 2,495 |  |  | $ | 1,926 |

The Company accounts for post retirement benefits under FASB ASC 715, which requires the recognition of the funded status of a defined benefit pension or post retirement plan in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized a net actuarial gain of $3,004,000 which is comprised of an actuarial gain of $3,393,000, offset by differences between actual and expected benefit payments, expenses and balance sheet accruals resulting in a loss of $389,000. The actuarial gain primarily resulted from a change from a self-insured to a fully-insured plan. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a net actuarial gain of $2,136,000, which is comprised of an actuarial gain of $2,272,000, offset by differences between actual and expected benefit payments, expenses and balance sheet accrual resulting in a loss of $136,000. The actuarial gain primarily resulted from an increase in the discount rate. The net actuarial gain for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Amounts not yet recognized as a component of net periodic benefit costs at December 31, 2023 and 2022 were a net credit of $5,835,000 and $3,174,000, respectively. The amount in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic post retirement cost during 2024 consists of a prior service credit of $496,000 and a net gain of $149,000. In addition, 2024 interest expense related to post retirement healthcare is expected to be $93,000, for a total post retirement healthcare net gain of approximately $552,000 in 2024. The Company expects benefits paid in 2024 to be consistent with estimated future benefit payments as shown in the table below.
The weighted average rate of increase in the per capita cost of covered health care benefits as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 is projected to be 7.1% and 5.8%, respectively. The rate is projected to decrease gradually to medical and prescriptions post age 65 of 6.60% by the year 2029 and remain at that level thereafter. As of December 31, 2022, the comparable assumptions for prior year were medical post age 65 of 4.25% and prescriptions of 5.0% by the year 2027.
The estimated future benefit payments of the health care plan for the next ten years are as follows (in thousands):

| Postretirement Health Care Benefits Plan
2024 | $ | 156 |
2025 | 152 |
2026 | 159 |
2027 | 144 |
2028 | 149 |
2029 - 2033 | 745 |

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13. Commitments and Contingencies
From time to time, the Company is involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of its business. However, the Company is presently not involved in any legal proceedings which in the opinion of management are likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations.
14. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in a transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Fair value is measured using the fair value hierarchy and related valuation methodologies as defined in the authoritative literature. This hierarchical valuation methodology provides a fair value framework that describes the categorization of assets and liabilities in three levels based upon the assumptions (inputs) used to price the assets or liabilities. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, whereas Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment.
The three levels are defined as follows:
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations, in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs reflecting management's own assumptions about the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability.
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, debt, interest rate swaps and foreign currency derivatives. Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable carrying values as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these financial instruments. As of December 31, 2023, the carrying amounts of the Huntington Term Loan and Huntington Revolving Loan approximated fair value due to the short-term nature of the underlying variable rate SOFR agreements. The Company had Level 2 fair value measurements at December 31, 2023 relating to the Company’s interest rate swaps and foreign currency derivatives.
Derivative and hedging activities
Foreign currency derivatives
The Company conducted business in foreign countries and paid certain expenses in foreign currencies; therefore, the Company was exposed to foreign currency exchange risk between the U.S. Dollar and foreign currencies, which could impact the Company’s operating income and cash flows. To mitigate risk associated with foreign currency exchange, the Company entered into forward contracts to exchange a fixed amount of U.S. Dollars for a fixed amount of foreign currency, which will be used to fund future foreign currency cash flows. At inception, all forward contracts are formally documented as cash flow hedges and are measured at fair value each reporting period.
Derivatives are formally assessed both at inception and at least quarterly thereafter, to ensure that derivatives used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of the hedged item. If it is determined that a derivative ceases to be a highly effective hedge, or if the anticipated transaction is no longer probable of occurring, hedge accounting is discontinued, and any future mark-to-market adjustments are recognized in earnings. The effective portion of gain or loss is reported in other comprehensive income and the ineffective portion is reported in earnings. The impacts of these contracts were largely offset by gains and losses resulting from the impact of changes in exchange rates on transactions denominated in the foreign currency. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 the Company had no ineffective portion related to the cash flow hedges. The notional contract value of foreign currency derivatives was $9,195,000 and $13,851,000 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company entered into an interest rate swap contract to fix the interest rate on an initial aggregate amount of $25,000,000 thereby reducing exposure to interest rate changes. The interest rate swap pays a fixed rate of 2.95% to the swap counterparty in exchange for daily SOFR. At inception, all interest rate swaps were formally documented as cash flow hedges and are measured at fair value each reporting period. See Note 9, "Debt", for additional information. The
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notional contract value of the interest rate swap was $23,229,000 and $24,479,000 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Financial statements impacts
The following tables detail amounts related to our derivatives designated as hedging instruments (in thousands):

|  | Fair Value of Derivative Instruments December 31, 2023
|  | Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
|  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value
Foreign exchange contracts |  | Prepaid expenses other current assets |  | $ | 620 |  |  | Accrued other liabilities |  | $ | — |
| Other non-current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swaps |  | Prepaid expenses other current assets |  | $ | 419 |  |  | Accrued other liabilities |  | $ | — |
|  | Other non-current assets |  | $ | 105 |  |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | $ | — |

|  | Fair Value of Derivative Instruments December 31, 2022
|  | Asset Derivatives |  | Liability Derivatives
|  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value
Foreign exchange contracts |  | Prepaid expenses other current assets |  | $ | 72 |  |  | Accrued other liabilities |  | $ | 157 |
| Other non-current assets |  | $ | — |  |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swaps |  | Prepaid expenses other current assets |  | $ | 280 |  |  | Accrued other liabilities |  | $ | — |
|  | Other non-current assets |  | $ | 485 |  |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | $ | — |

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had foreign exchange contracts related to the Mexican Peso with an exchange rates ranging from 18.04 to 19.00 and the Canadian Dollar with exchange rates ranging from 1.34 to 1.37.
The following tables summarize the amount of unrealized / realized gain and loss recognized in Accumulated Comprehensive Income (AOCI) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

Derivatives in subtopic 815-20 Cash Flow Hedging Relationship | Amount of Unrealized Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative |  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income(A) |  | Amount of Realized Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Foreign exchange contracts | $ | 2,931 |  |  | $ | (82) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | 2,225 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Selling, general and administrative expense |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 243 |  |  | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Interest Expense |  | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | — |

(A) The foreign currency derivative activity reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income is allocated to cost of goods sold and selling, general and administrative expense based on the percentage of foreign currency spend.
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15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
The following table presents changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by component, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

| Hedging Derivative Activities |  | Post Retirement Benefit Plan Items(A) |  | Total
2022: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2022 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,075 |  |  | $ | 1,075 |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 688 |  |  | 2,136 |  |  | 2,824 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | (8) |  |  | (323) |  |  | (331) |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (134) |  |  | (381) |  |  | (515) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 2,507 |  |  | $ | 3,053 |
2023: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at January 1, 2023 | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 2,507 |  |  | $ | 3,053 |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | 3,174 |  |  | 3,004 |  |  | 6,178 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income | (2,708) |  |  | (474) |  |  | (3,182) |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (111) |  |  | (637) |  |  | (748) |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | 901 |  |  | $ | 4,400 |  |  | $ | 5,301 |

(A) The effect of post-retirement benefit items reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income is included in other income and expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. These Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost (see Note 12 - Post Retirement Benefits for additional details). The tax effect of post retirement benefit items reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income is included in income tax expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
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16. Quarterly Results of Operations (Unaudited)
The following is a summary of the unaudited quarterly results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands).

| 1st Quarter |  | 2nd Quarter |  | 3rd Quarter |  | 4th Quarter |  | Total Year
2023: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product sales | $ | 98,337 |  |  | $ | 95,703 |  |  | $ | 80,896 |  |  | $ | 72,439 |  |  | $ | 347,375 |
Tooling sales | 1,170 |  |  | 2,022 |  |  | 5,832 |  |  | 1,339 |  |  | 10,363 |
Net sales | 99,507 |  |  | 97,725 |  |  | 86,728 |  |  | 73,778 |  |  | 357,738 |
Gross margin | 17,743 |  |  | 20,562 |  |  | 15,278 |  |  | 10,937 |  |  | 64,520 |
Operating income | 8,075 |  |  | 10,070 |  |  | 5,875 |  |  | 2,517 |  |  | 26,537 |
Net income | 5,852 |  |  | 7,936 |  |  | 4,354 |  |  | 2,182 |  |  | 20,324 |
Net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic (1) | $ | 0.69 |  |  | $ | 0.93 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | 2.37 |
Diluted (1) | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 0.91 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |  |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | 2.31 |
2022: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product sales | $ | 89,901 |  |  | $ | 93,317 |  |  | $ | 92,340 |  |  | $ | 83,143 |  |  | $ | 358,701 |
Tooling sales | 691 |  |  | 5,418 |  |  | 9,266 |  |  | 3,300 |  |  | 18,675 |
Net sales | 90,592 |  |  | 98,735 |  |  | 101,606 |  |  | 86,443 |  |  | 377,376 |
Gross margin | 14,507 |  |  | 13,045 |  |  | 13,303 |  |  | 11,547 |  |  | 52,402 |
Operating income | 6,012 |  |  | 4,385 |  |  | 4,632 |  |  | 2,974 |  |  | 18,003 |
Net income | 3,864 |  |  | 2,188 |  |  | 1,319 |  |  | 4,832 |  |  | 12,203 |
Net income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic (1) | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 1.44 |
Diluted (1) | $ | 0.46 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 1.44 |
2021: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Product sales | $ | 69,133 |  |  | $ | 79,117 |  |  | $ | 67,643 |  |  | $ | 68,132 |  |  | $ | 284,025 |
Tooling sales | 3,696 |  |  | 1,344 |  |  | 13,382 |  |  | 5,036 |  |  | 23,458 |
Net sales | 72,829 |  |  | 80,461 |  |  | 81,025 |  |  | 73,168 |  |  | 307,483 |
Gross margin | 12,718 |  |  | 13,736 |  |  | 6,415 |  |  | 8,475 |  |  | 41,344 |
Operating income (loss) | 5,346 |  |  | 6,173 |  |  | (2,393) |  |  | 1,942 |  |  | 11,068 |
Net income (loss) | 3,456 |  |  | 4,086 |  |  | (3,312) |  |  | 441 |  |  | 4,671 |
Net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic (1) | $ | 0.41 |  |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | (0.41) |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |
Diluted (1) | $ | 0.41 |  |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | (0.41) |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.55 |

(1) Sum of the quarters may not sum to total year due to rounding.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Not Applicable.
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ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company has carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a -15(e) of the Exchange Act). Based upon this evaluation, the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure of controls and procedures were (i) effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act were accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures, and (ii) effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting is not intended to provide absolute assurance that a misstatement of the Company’s financial statements would be prevented or detected.
The Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting based on the criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). This evaluation included a review of the documentation of controls, evaluation of the design effectiveness of controls, testing of the operating effectiveness of controls and a conclusion on this evaluation. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.
The Company's independent registered public accounting firm, Crowe LLP, audited our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, as stated in their report in the section entitled "Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" included elsewhere in this Form 10-K, which expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023.
Changes in Internal Controls
There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f)) that occurred in the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
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PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this Part III, Item 10 is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be held on or about May 16, 2024, which is expected to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Part III, Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be held on or about May 16, 2024, which is expected to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table shows certain information concerning our common stock to be issued in connection with our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2023:

Plan Category | Number of Shares to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options or Vesting (1) |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options (2) |  | Number of Shares Remaining Available for Future Issuance
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders | 385,320 |  |  | $ | 13.41 |  |  | 289,929 |

(1) This amount includes outstanding awards under the Company's 2021 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan (the "2021 Plan") and the 2006 Long Term Equity Incentive Plan (the "2006 Plan"). Includes (i) 373,583 shares issuable pursuant to restricted stock awards and (ii) 0 shares issuable pursuant to outstanding stock appreciation rights, based on the Company's December 31, 2023 closing stock price.
(2) Weighted average exercise price shown in this table above does not take into account restricted stock awards.
Other information required by this Part III, Item 12 is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be held on or about May 16, 2024, which is expected to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Part III, Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be held on or about May 16, 2024, which is expected to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required by this Part III, Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders to be held on or about May 16, 2024, which is expected to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a) Documents filed as Part of this Report:
(1) Financial Statements
See Part II, Item 8 hereof.
(2) Financial Statement Schedules and Independent Auditor's Report
The following consolidated financial statement schedules are filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves for the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021
All other schedules are omitted because of the absence of the conditions under which they are required.
(3) Exhibits
See Index to Exhibits filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
Not Applicable.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CORE MOLDING TECHNOLOGIES, INC. |
By | /s/ David L. Duvall |
| David L. Duvall |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
| March 12, 2024 |

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has signed below by the following persons been on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

/s/ David L. Duvall |  |
David L. Duvall | President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | March 12, 2024
/s/ John P. Zimmer |  |
John P. Zimmer | Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | March 12, 2024
* |  |
Sandra L. Kowaleski | Director | March 12, 2024
* |  |
Thomas R. Cellitti | Director | March 12, 2024
* |  |
Ralph O. Hellmold | Director | March 12, 2024
* |  |
Matthew Jauchius | Director | March 12, 2024
* |  |
Salvador Minarro-Villalobos | Director | March 12, 2024
* |  |
Andrew O. Smith | Director | March 12, 2024
*By /s/ John P. Zimmer |  |
John P. Zimmer | Attorney-In-Fact | March 12, 2024

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Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Schedule II
Consolidated valuation and qualifying accounts and reserves for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Reserves deducted from asset to which it applies:
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

|  |  | Additions |  |  |  |
| Balance at Beginning of Year |  | (Recovered)/ Charged to Costs & Expenses |  | Charged to Other Accounts |  | Deductions(A) |  | Balance at End of Year
Year Ended December 31, 2023 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $— |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | $ | 90,000 |  |  | $ | (90,000) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | $ | 41,000 |  |  | $ | 51,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,000 |  |  | $ | 90,000 |

Customer Chargeback Allowance

|  |  | Additions |  |  |  |
| Balance at Beginning of Year |  | (Recovered)/ Charged to Costs & Expenses |  | Charged to Other Accounts |  | Deductions(B) |  | Balance at End of Year
Year Ended December 31, 2023 | $ | 502,000 |  |  | $ | 534,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 898,000 |  |  | $ | 138,000 |
Year Ended December 31, 2022 | $ | 222,000 |  |  | $ | 736,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 456,000 |  |  | $ | 502,000 |
Year Ended December 31, 2021 | $ | 179,000 |  |  | $ | 83,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 40,000 |  |  | $ | 222,000 |

(A)Amount represents uncollectible accounts written off.
(B)Amount represents customer returns and deductions, discounts and price adjustments accepted.
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Location
3(a)(1) |  | Certificate of Incorporation of Core Molding Technologies, Inc. as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on October 8, 1996 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-29203)
3(a)(2) |  | Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Core Molding Technologies, Inc. as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on November 6, 1996 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(b) to filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on November 6, 1996 Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-29203)
3(a)(3) |  | Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on August 28, 2002 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a)(4) to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002
3(a)(4) |  | Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock as filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on April 21, 2020 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Form 8-K filed April 22, 2020
3(a)(5) |  | Certificate of Elimination of the Series A Junior Participant Preferred Stock as filed with the Delaware Sec. of State on April 1, 2021 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(a)(5) to Form 8-K filed April 6, 2021
3(b)(1) |  | Amended and Restated By-Laws of Core Molding Technologies, Inc. |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 4, 2008
3(b)(2) |  | Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated By- Laws of Core Molding Technologies, Inc. |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 17, 2013
4 |  | Description of Securities |  | Filed Herein
10(a) |  | Supply Agreement, dated August 4, 2014 between Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Core Composites Corporation and Navistar, Inc.2 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2014
10(b) |  | Credit Agreement, dated October 27, 2020, between Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, lead arranger and book runner, and the lenders party thereto. |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K filed on November 2, 2020
10(b)(1) |  | Master Security Agreement, dated as of October 20, 2020, among FGI Equipment Finance LLC, Core Molding Technologies, Inc. as debtor, and each of Core Composites Corporation and CC HPM, S. de R.L. de C.V., as guarantors |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K filed on November 2, 2020
10(b)(2) |  | Promissory Note, dated October 20, 2020, between Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and FGI Equipment Finance LLC. |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K filed on November 2, 2020
10(c) |  | Core Molding Technologies, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan 1 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c) to Registration Statement on Form S-8 (Registration No. 333-60909).

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Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Location
10(c)(1) |  | 2002 Core Molding Technologies, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (as amended May 17, 2006)1 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 23, 2006
10(d) |  | 2006 Core Molding Technologies, Inc. Long Term Equity Incentive Plan as amended and restated effective May 12, 2017 1 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 15, 2017
10(e) |  | Core Molding Technologies, Inc. Executive Cash Incentive Plan 1 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A dated April 8, 2016
10(f) |  | Core Molding Technologies, Inc. Salaried Employee Bonus Plan 2 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 9, 2020
10(g) |  | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement between Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and certain executive officers 1 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 15, 2012
10(h) |  | Form of Award for Stock Appreciation Rights between Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and certain executive officers 1 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 20, 2019
10(i) |  | Form of Restricted Stock Agreement between Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and certain executive officers, dated August 6, 2021 1 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(m) to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021
10(j) |  | Form of Executive Employment Agreement between David L. Duvall and Core Molding Technologies, Inc, dated August 6, 2021 1 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(n) to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021
10(k) |  | Form of Executive Employment Agreement between Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and certain executive officers, dated August 6, 2021 1 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(q) to Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 6th, 2021
10(l) |  | Credit Agreement, dated July 22, 2022 between Core Molding Technologies, Inc. and The Huntington National Bank, as administrative agent, sole lead arranger and sole bookrunner, and the lenders from time to time thereto |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on July 28, 2022
10(m) |  | Core Molding Technologies, Inc. 2021 Long-Term Equity Incentive Plan |  | Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A dated April 7, 2021
10(m) |  | Form Performance Restricted Stock Award Agreement |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 14, 2023
10(o) |  | Core Molding Technologies, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (as amended and restated effective as of May 11, 2023) |  | Incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A dated April 7, 2023
11 |  | Computation of Net Income per Share |  | Exhibit 11 omitted because the required information is Included in Notes to Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K
21 |  | List of Subsidiaries |  | Filed Herein

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Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Location
23 |  | Consent of Crowe LLP |  | Filed Herein
24 |  | Powers of Attorney |  | Filed Herein
31(a) |  | Section 302 Certification by David L. Duvall, President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director |  | Filed Herein
31(b) |  | Section 302 Certification by John P. Zimmer, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, and Chief Financial Officer |  | Filed Herein
32(a) |  | Certification of David L. Duvall, Chief Executive Officer of Core Molding Technologies, Inc., dated March 12, 2024, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 |  | Filed Herein
32(b) |  | Certification of John P. Zimmer, Chief Financial Officer of Core Molding Technologies, Inc., dated March 12, 2024, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 |  | Filed Herein
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document |  | Filed Herein
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  | Filed Herein
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase |  | Filed Herein
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase |  | Filed Herein
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase |  | Filed Herein
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase |  | Filed Herein
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  | Filed Herein

1.Indicates management contracts or compensatory plans that are required to be filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2.Certain portions of this Exhibit have been omitted intentionally subject to a confidentiality treatment request. A complete version of the Exhibit has been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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