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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

[Mark One]

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number 0-32637

AMES NATIONAL CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Iowa | 42-1039071
(State of Incorporation) | (I. R. S. Employer Identification Number)

405 Fifth Street

Ames, Iowa 50010

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (515) 232-6251

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock | ATLO | NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this Chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☒ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 29, 2022, there were 9,092,167 shares of common stock, par value $2, outstanding.

Table of Contents

AMES NATIONAL CORPORATION

INDEX

|  | Page
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3
| Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 | 7
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 29
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 43
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 44
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 44
Item 1.A. | Risk Factors | 44
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 45
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 45
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 45
Item 5. | Other Information | 45
Item 6. | Exhibits | 46
| Signatures | 47

2

Table of Contents

AMES NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  | (audited) |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 28,681 |  |  | $ | 19,590 |
Interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions and federal funds sold |  |  | 119,651 |  |  |  | 69,539 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 148,332 |  |  |  | 89,129 |
Interest-bearing time deposits |  |  | 16,419 |  |  |  | 16,922 |
Securities available-for-sale |  |  | 823,897 |  |  |  | 831,003 |
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) and Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) stock, at cost |  |  | 3,473 |  |  |  | 3,422 |
Loans receivable, net |  |  | 1,130,077 |  |  |  | 1,144,108 |
Bank premises and equipment, net |  |  | 17,733 |  |  |  | 17,512 |
Accrued income receivable |  |  | 9,330 |  |  |  | 10,124 |
Bank-owned life insurance |  |  | 3,002 |  |  |  | 2,985 |
Deferred income taxes, net |  |  | 13,112 |  |  |  | 1,922 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 2,359 |  |  |  | 2,505 |
Goodwill |  |  | 12,424 |  |  |  | 12,424 |
Other assets |  |  | 4,560 |  |  |  | 4,985 |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,184,718 |  |  | $ | 2,137,041 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing checking |  | $ | 413,114 |  |  | $ | 411,585 |
Interest-bearing checking |  |  | 630,016 |  |  |  | 575,997 |
Savings and money market |  |  | 705,560 |  |  |  | 674,975 |
Time, $250 and over |  |  | 41,460 |  |  |  | 40,793 |
Other time |  |  | 169,743 |  |  |  | 174,669 |
Total deposits |  |  | 1,959,893 |  |  |  | 1,878,019 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  |  | 39,902 |  |  |  | 39,851 |
FHLB advances |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,000 |
Dividends payable |  |  | 2,455 |  |  |  | 2,364 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  | 5,803 |  |  |  | 6,029 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 2,008,053 |  |  |  | 1,929,263 |
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $2 par value, authorized 18,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 9,092,167 shares as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 |  |  | 18,184 |  |  |  | 18,184 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 16,353 |  |  |  | 16,353 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 173,067 |  |  |  | 170,377 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (30,939 | ) |  |  | 2,864 |
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 176,665 |  |  |  | 207,778 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 2,184,718 |  |  | $ | 2,137,041 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

Table of Contents

AMES NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share data)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Interest and dividend income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees |  | $ | 10,644 |  |  | $ | 11,984 |
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  |  | 2,588 |  |  |  | 1,989 |
Tax-exempt |  |  | 674 |  |  |  | 844 |
Other interest and dividend income |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | 178 |
Total interest income |  |  | 14,072 |  |  |  | 14,995 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 888 |  |  |  | 1,294 |
Other borrowed funds |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 37 |
Total interest expense |  |  | 920 |  |  |  | 1,331 |
Net interest income |  |  | 13,152 |  |  |  | 13,664 |
Provision (credit) for loan losses |  |  | (127 | ) |  |  | (426 | )
Net interest income after provision (credit) for loan losses |  |  | 13,279 |  |  |  | 14,090 |
Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wealth management income |  |  | 1,280 |  |  |  | 932 |
Service fees |  |  | 338 |  |  |  | 333 |
Securities gains, net |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | - |
Gain on sale of loans held for sale |  |  | 180 |  |  |  | 504 |
Merchant and card fees |  |  | 442 |  |  |  | 464 |
Other noninterest income |  |  | 278 |  |  |  | 273 |
Total noninterest income |  |  | 2,553 |  |  |  | 2,506 |
Noninterest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 5,611 |  |  |  | 5,507 |
Data processing |  |  | 1,432 |  |  |  | 1,372 |
Occupancy expenses, net |  |  | 717 |  |  |  | 728 |
FDIC insurance assessments |  |  | 147 |  |  |  | 139 |
Professional fees |  |  | 474 |  |  |  | 396 |
Business development |  |  | 336 |  |  |  | 237 |
Intangible asset amortization |  |  | 146 |  |  |  | 160 |
New market tax credit projects amortization |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 160 |
Other operating expenses, net |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | 307 |
Total noninterest expense |  |  | 9,379 |  |  |  | 9,006 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 6,453 |  |  |  | 7,590 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 1,308 |  |  |  | 1,567 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,145 |  |  | $ | 6,023 |
Basic and diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.57 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |
Dividends declared per share |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | 0.25 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

Table of Contents

AMES NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) (unaudited)
(in thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,145 |  |  | $ | 6,023 |
Unrealized (losses) on securities before tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding (losses) arising during the period |  |  | (45,034 | ) |  |  | (11,833 | )
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains realized in net income |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | - |
Other comprehensive (loss), before tax |  |  | (45,069 | ) |  |  | (11,833 | )
Tax effect related to other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | 11,266 |  |  |  | 2,957 |
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax |  |  | (33,803 | ) |  |  | (8,876 | )
Comprehensive (loss) |  | $ | (28,658 | ) |  | $ | (2,853 | )

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

Table of Contents

AMES NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid- |  |  | Retained |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), |  |  | Total Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | in Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Net of Taxes |  |  | Equity |
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  |  | 9,122,747 |  |  | $ | 18,245 |  |  | $ | 17,002 |  |  | $ | 158,217 |  |  | $ | 16,023 |  |  | $ | 209,487 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,023 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,023 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (8,876 | ) |  |  | (8,876 | )
Cash dividends declared, $0.25 per share |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,281 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,281 | )
Balance, March 31, 2021 |  |  | 9,122,747 |  |  | $ | 18,245 |  |  | $ | 17,002 |  |  | $ | 161,959 |  |  | $ | 7,147 |  |  | $ | 204,353 |
Balance, December 31, 2021 |  |  | 9,092,167 |  |  | $ | 18,184 |  |  | $ | 16,353 |  |  | $ | 170,377 |  |  | $ | 2,864 |  |  | $ | 207,778 |
Net income |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,145 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,145 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (33,803 | ) |  |  | (33,803 | )
Cash dividends declared, $0.27 per share |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,455 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (2,455 | )
Balance, March 31, 2022 |  |  | 9,092,167 |  |  | $ | 18,184 |  |  | $ | 16,353 |  |  | $ | 173,067 |  |  | $ | (30,939 | ) |  | $ | 176,665 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

Table of Contents

AMES NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited)
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 5,145 |  |  | $ | 6,023 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision (credit) for loan losses |  |  | (127 | ) |  |  | (426 | )
Provision for off-balance sheet commitments |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | - |
Amortization of securities available-for-sale, loans and deposits, net |  |  | 702 |  |  |  | 489 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 146 |  |  |  | 160 |
Depreciation |  |  | 313 |  |  |  | 356 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 77 |  |  |  | 93 |
Securities (gains), net |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  | - |
Increase in cash value of bank-owned life insurance |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | (17 | )
(Gain) on sales of loans held for sale |  |  | (180 | ) |  |  | (504 | )
Proceeds from loans held for sale |  |  | 9,191 |  |  |  | 22,428 |
Originations of loans held for sale |  |  | (9,011 | ) |  |  | (20,901 | )
Amortization of investment in New Markets Tax Credit projects |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | 160 |
Change in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in accrued income receivable |  |  | 794 |  |  |  | 1,129 |
(Increase) decrease in other assets |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | (224 | )
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  | (239 | ) |  |  | 616 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 6,984 |  |  |  | 9,382 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net decrease in interest-bearing time deposits |  |  | 503 |  |  |  | 531 |
Purchase of securities available-for-sale |  |  | (61,423 | ) |  |  | (113,635 | )
Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | - |
Proceeds from maturities and calls of securities available-for-sale |  |  | 22,175 |  |  |  | 25,680 |
Purchase of FHLB stock |  |  | (176 | ) |  |  | (286 | )
Proceeds from the redemption of FHLB stock |  |  | 125 |  |  |  | 7 |
Net decrease in loans |  |  | 14,451 |  |  |  | 9,923 |
Purchase of bank premises and equipment |  |  | (532 | ) |  |  | (83 | )
Net cash (used in) investing activities |  |  | (24,342 | ) |  |  | (77,863 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase in deposits |  |  | 81,874 |  |  |  | 126,358 |
Increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 4,128 |
Payments on FHLB borrowings |  |  | (3,000 | ) |  |  | - |
Dividends paid |  |  | (2,364 | ) |  |  | (2,281 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 76,561 |  |  |  | 128,205 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 59,203 |  |  |  | 59,724 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning |  |  | 89,129 |  |  |  | 173,097 |
Ending |  | $ | 148,332 |  |  | $ | 232,821 |

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AMES NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued) (unaudited)
(in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash payments for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 981 |  |  | $ | 1,576 |
Income taxes |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 70 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer of loans receivable to other real estate owned |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 10 |

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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AMES NATIONAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

1. | Significant Accounting Policies

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared by Ames National Corporation (the “Company”) pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. It is suggested that these interim financial statements be read in conjunction with the year-end audited financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “Annual Report”). In the opinion of management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company contain all adjustments necessary to fairly present the financial results for the interim periods reported. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results which may be expected for an entire year. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned banking subsidiaries (the “Banks”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Reclassifications: Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period’s consolidated financial statements to present them on a basis comparable with the current period’s consolidated financial statements. Interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions and federal funds sold were reclassified as cash and cash equivalents in 2021 resulting in net cash used in investing activities decreasing by approximately $61 million. No other reclassifications were significant. The reclassifications had no effect on stockholders’ equity and net income of the prior periods.

Goodwill: Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill resulting from acquisitions is not amortized, but is tested for impairment annually or whenever events change and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that an impairment loss has occurred. Goodwill is tested for impairment with an estimation of the fair value of a reporting unit.

The fair value of a reporting unit is the price that would be received to sell the unit as a whole in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As none of the Company’s reporting units are publicly traded, individual reporting unit fair value determinations cannot be directly correlated to the Company’s stock price. Significant judgment is applied when goodwill is assessed for impairment. This judgment includes developing cash flow projections, selecting appropriate discount rates, identifying relevant market comparables, incorporating general economic and market conditions and selecting an appropriate control premium. The Company completed a quantitative assessment of goodwill as of October 1, 2021 which indicated that goodwill was not impaired. Subsequently, the Company determined there were no adverse changes in criteria and key considerations to the previous assessment. Accordingly, the Company concluded there is no impairment of goodwill as of March 31, 2022.

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New and Pending Accounting Pronouncements: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The ASU requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. Organizations will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation method is appropriate for their circumstances. Additionally, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. In October 2019, the FASB voted to approve amendments to the effective date of ASU No. 2016-13 for smaller reporting companies, as defined by the SEC, and other non-SEC reporting entities. The amendment delays the effective date for our Company until interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company continues collecting and retaining loan and credit data and evaluating various loss estimation models, along with refining the implementation of the software and its approach for determining the expected credit losses under the new guidance. The impact of ASU No. 2016-13 on the Company’s financial statements is unknown at this time. The Company will continue to evaluate the extent of the potential impact.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASC 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU improve the usefulness of information provided to investors about certain loan refinancing, restructurings, and write-offs. The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) by creditors that have adopted ASU No. 2016-13. It also enhances disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Lastly, the amendments require that a public business entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the ASU on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

2. | Dividends

On February 9, 2022, the Company declared a cash dividend on its common stock, payable on May 13, 2022 to stockholders of record as of April 29, 2022, equal to $0.27 per share.

3. | Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share amounts were calculated using the weighted average shares outstanding during the periods presented. The weighted average outstanding shares for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was 9,092,167 and 9,122,747, respectively. The Company had no potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the periods presented.

4. | Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. No material changes in the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements have occurred since December 31, 2021.

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5. | Fair Value Measurements

Assets and liabilities carried at fair value are required to be classified and disclosed according to the process for determining fair value. There are three levels of determining fair value.

Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices, unadjusted, for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatility, prepayment speeds, credit risk); or inputs derived principally from or can be corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

The following table presents the balances of assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

Description |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government treasuries |  | $ | 200,887 |  |  | $ | 200,887 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
U.S. government agencies |  |  | 112,168 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 112,168 |  |  |  | - |
U.S. government mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 142,507 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 142,507 |  |  |  | - |
State and political subdivisions |  |  | 289,213 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 289,213 |  |  |  | - |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 79,122 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 79,122 |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 823,897 |  |  | $ | 200,887 |  |  | $ | 623,010 |  |  | $ | - |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government treasuries |  | $ | 190,479 |  |  | $ | 190,479 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
U.S. government agencies |  |  | 116,014 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 116,014 |  |  |  | - |
U.S. government mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 149,601 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 149,601 |  |  |  | - |
State and political subdivisions |  |  | 292,859 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 292,859 |  |  |  | - |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 82,050 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 82,050 |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 831,003 |  |  | $ | 190,479 |  |  | $ | 640,524 |  |  | $ | - |

Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets. U.S. government agencies, mortgage-backed securities, state and political subdivisions, and most corporate bonds are reported at fair value utilizing Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things.

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Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, they are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment or a change in previously recognized impairment). The following table presents the assets carried on the balance sheet (after specific reserves) by caption and by level within the valuation hierarchy as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

Description |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable |  | $ | 8,991 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 8,991 |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable |  | $ | 9,012 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 9,012 |
Other real estate owned |  |  | 218 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 218 |
Total |  | $ | 9,230 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 9,230 |

The significant inputs used in the fair value measurements for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2022 |
|  | Estimated |  | Valuation |  |  | Range |
|  | Fair Value |  | Techniques | Unobservable Inputs |  | (Average) |
Loans receivable |  | $ | 8,991 |  | Evaluation of collateral | Estimation of value |  | NM* |

|  | 2021 |
|  | Estimated |  | Valuation |  |  | Range |
|  | Fair Value |  | Techniques | Unobservable Inputs |  | (Average) |
Loans receivable |  | $ | 9,012 |  | Evaluation of collateral | Estimation of value |  |  | NM* |  |  |
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 218 |  | Appraisal | Appraisal adjustment |  | 6% | - | 8% | (7%) |

* Evaluations of the underlying assets are completed for each collateral dependent impaired loan with a specific reserve. The types of collateral vary widely and could include accounts receivables, inventory, a variety of equipment and real estate. Collateral evaluations are reviewed and discounted as appropriate based on knowledge of the specific type of collateral. In the case of real estate, an independent appraisal may be obtained. Types of discounts considered included aging of receivables, condition of the collateral, potential market for the collateral and estimated disposal costs. These discounts will vary from loan to loan, thus providing a range would not be meaningful.

GAAP requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or nonrecurring basis.

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The following table includes the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

|  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
| Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  | Estimated |  |  |  |  |  |  | Estimated |
| Hierarchy |  | Carrying |  |  | Fair |  |  | Carrying |  |  | Fair |
| Level |  | Amount |  |  | Value |  |  | Amount |  |  | Value |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | Level 1 |  | $ | 148,332 |  |  | $ | 148,332 |  |  | $ | 89,129 |  |  | $ | 89,129 |
Interest-bearing time deposits | Level 1 |  |  | 16,419 |  |  |  | 16,419 |  |  |  | 16,922 |  |  |  | 16,922 |
Securities available-for-sale | See previous table |  |  | 823,897 |  |  |  | 823,897 |  |  |  | 831,003 |  |  |  | 831,003 |
FHLB and FRB stock | Level 2 |  |  | 3,473 |  |  |  | 3,473 |  |  |  | 3,422 |  |  |  | 3,422 |
Loans receivable, net | Level 2 |  |  | 1,130,077 |  |  |  | 1,075,680 |  |  |  | 1,144,108 |  |  |  | 1,112,684 |
Accrued income receivable | Level 1 |  |  | 9,330 |  |  |  | 9,330 |  |  |  | 10,124 |  |  |  | 10,124 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | Level 2 |  | $ | 1,959,893 |  |  | $ | 1,961,384 |  |  | $ | 1,878,019 |  |  | $ | 1,880,137 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | Level 1 |  |  | 39,902 |  |  |  | 39,902 |  |  |  | 39,851 |  |  |  | 39,851 |
FHLB advances | Level 2 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,000 |  |  |  | 3,071 |
Accrued interest payable | Level 1 |  |  | 292 |  |  |  | 292 |  |  |  | 353 |  |  |  | 353 |

The methodologies used to determine fair value as of March 31, 2022 did not change from the methodologies described in the December 31, 2021 Annual Financial Statements.

Commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit: The fair values of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreement and credit worthiness of the counterparties. The carrying value and fair value of the commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are not considered significant.

Limitations: Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

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6. | Debt Securities

The amortized cost of securities available-for-sale and their approximate fair values as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are summarized below (in thousands):

2022: |  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Estimated |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
U.S. government treasuries |  | $ | 212,757 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | (11,886 | ) |  | $ | 200,887 |
U.S. government agencies |  |  | 116,513 |  |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | (4,444 | ) |  |  | 112,168 |
U.S. government mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 151,333 |  |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | (8,916 | ) |  |  | 142,507 |
State and political subdivisions |  |  | 302,881 |  |  |  | 296 |  |  |  | (13,964 | ) |  |  | 289,213 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 81,664 |  |  |  | 235 |  |  |  | (2,777 | ) |  |  | 79,122 |
|  | $ | 865,148 |  |  | $ | 736 |  |  | $ | (41,987 | ) |  | $ | 823,897 |

2021: |  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Estimated |
|  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
U.S. government treasuries |  | $ | 192,323 |  |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | (2,083 | ) |  | $ | 190,479 |
U.S. government agencies |  |  | 114,531 |  |  |  | 2,235 |  |  |  | (752 | ) |  |  | 116,014 |
U.S. government mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 149,896 |  |  |  | 1,375 |  |  |  | (1,670 | ) |  |  | 149,601 |
State and political subdivisions |  |  | 290,548 |  |  |  | 4,035 |  |  |  | (1,724 | ) |  |  | 292,859 |
Corporate bonds |  |  | 79,887 |  |  |  | 2,437 |  |  |  | (274 | ) |  |  | 82,050 |
|  | $ | 827,185 |  |  | $ | 10,321 |  |  | $ | (6,503 | ) |  | $ | 831,003 |

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available-for-sale as of March 31, 2022, are shown below by expected maturity. Expected maturity will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties (in thousands).

|  | Amortized |  |  | Estimated |
|  | Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 43,084 |  |  | $ | 43,195 |
Due after one year through five years |  |  | 459,166 |  |  |  | 439,613 |
Due after five years through ten years |  |  | 340,100 |  |  |  | 319,708 |
Due after ten years |  |  | 22,798 |  |  |  | 21,381 |
Total |  | $ | 865,148 |  |  | $ | 823,897 |

Securities with a carrying value of $217.3 million and $219.7 million at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, were pledged on public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.

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The proceeds and gains on securities available-for-sale for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 are summarized below (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale |  | $ | 535 |  |  | $ | - |
Gross realized gains on securities available-for-sale |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | - |
Gross realized losses on securities available-for-sale |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |

Gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

|  | Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
2022: |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government treasuries |  | $ | 181,570 |  |  | $ | (10,962 | ) |  | $ | 11,487 |  |  | $ | (924 | ) |  | $ | 193,057 |  |  | $ | (11,886 | )
U.S. government agencies |  |  | 77,732 |  |  |  | (3,006 | ) |  |  | 15,671 |  |  |  | (1,438 | ) |  |  | 93,403 |  |  |  | (4,444 | )
U.S. government mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 82,105 |  |  |  | (4,063 | ) |  |  | 51,997 |  |  |  | (4,853 | ) |  |  | 134,102 |  |  |  | (8,916 | )
State and political subdivisions |  |  | 218,589 |  |  |  | (11,894 | ) |  |  | 19,703 |  |  |  | (2,070 | ) |  |  | 238,292 |  |  |  | (13,964 | )
Corporate bonds |  |  | 43,356 |  |  |  | (2,603 | ) |  |  | 1,460 |  |  |  | (174 | ) |  |  | 44,816 |  |  |  | (2,777 | )
|  | $ | 603,352 |  |  | $ | (32,528 | ) |  | $ | 100,318 |  |  | $ | (9,459 | ) |  | $ | 703,670 |  |  | $ | (41,987 | )

|  | Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
2021: |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government treasuries |  | $ | 163,206 |  |  | $ | (2,083 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 163,206 |  |  | $ | (2,083 | )
U.S. government agencies |  |  | 30,647 |  |  |  | (570 | ) |  |  | 5,836 |  |  |  | (182 | ) |  |  | 36,483 |  |  |  | (752 | )
U.S. government mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 92,192 |  |  |  | (1,580 | ) |  |  | 2,524 |  |  |  | (90 | ) |  |  | 94,716 |  |  |  | (1,670 | )
State and political subdivisions |  |  | 115,204 |  |  |  | (1,667 | ) |  |  | 1,725 |  |  |  | (57 | ) |  |  | 116,929 |  |  |  | (1,724 | )
Corporate bonds |  |  | 16,484 |  |  |  | (274 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 16,484 |  |  |  | (274 | )
|  | $ | 417,733 |  |  | $ | (6,174 | ) |  | $ | 10,085 |  |  | $ | (329 | ) |  | $ | 427,818 |  |  | $ | (6,503 | )

Gross unrealized losses on debt securities totaled $42.0 million as of March 31, 2022. These unrealized losses are generally due to changes in interest rates or general market conditions. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, state or political subdivision, or corporations. Management then determines whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, and reviews industry analysts’ reports. The Company’s procedures for evaluating investments in states, municipalities and political subdivisions include but are not limited to reviewing the offering statement and the most current available financial information, comparing yields to yields of bonds of similar credit quality, confirming capacity to repay, assessing operating and financial performance, evaluating the stability of tax revenues, considering debt profiles and local demographics, and for revenue bonds, assessing the source and strength of revenue structures for municipal authorities. These procedures, as applicable, are utilized for all municipal purchases and are utilized in whole or in part for monitoring the portfolio of municipal holdings. The Company does not utilize third party credit rating agencies as a primary component of determining if the municipal issuer has an adequate capacity to meet the financial commitments under the security for the projected life of the investment, and, therefore, does not compare internal assessments to those of the credit rating agencies. Credit rating downgrades are utilized as an additional indicator of credit weakness and as a reference point for historical default rates. Management concluded that the gross unrealized losses on debt securities were temporary. Due to potential changes in conditions, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in fair values and management’s assessments will occur in the near term and that such changes could materially affect the amounts reported in the Company’s financial statements.

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7. | Loans Receivable and Credit Disclosures

The composition of loans receivable as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Real estate - construction |  | $ | 46,140 |  |  | $ | 42,638 |
Real estate - 1 to 4 family residential |  |  | 256,362 |  |  |  | 246,745 |
Real estate - commercial |  |  | 507,598 |  |  |  | 515,367 |
Real estate - agricultural |  |  | 152,136 |  |  |  | 153,457 |
Commercial 1 |  |  | 71,150 |  |  |  | 75,482 |
Agricultural |  |  | 96,197 |  |  |  | 111,881 |
Consumer and other |  |  | 16,647 |  |  |  | 15,097 |
|  |  | 1,146,230 |  |  |  | 1,160,667 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (16,484 | ) |  |  | (16,621 | )
Deferred loan (fees) and costs, net |  |  | 331 |  |  |  | 62 |
Loans receivable, net |  | $ | 1,130,077 |  |  | $ | 1,144,108 |

1 Commercial loan portfolio includes $0.3 million and $6.0 million of Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) was established by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Funding was extended into 2021. The PPP is administered by the Small Business Administration (SBA). PPP loans are forgivable by the SBA in qualifying circumstances and are 100 percent guaranteed by the SBA.

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Activity in the allowance for loan losses, on a disaggregated basis, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 1-4 Family |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Construction |  |  | Residential |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  | and Other |  |  | Total |
Balance, December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | 2,752 |  |  | $ | 8,406 |  |  | $ | 1,584 |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  | $ | 1,836 |  |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 16,621 |
Provision (credit) for loan losses |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | (92 | ) |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | (230 | ) |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | (127 | )
Recoveries of loans charged-off |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 3 |
Loans charged-off |  |  | - |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Balance, March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | 2,899 |  |  | $ | 8,314 |  |  | $ | 1,630 |  |  | $ | 1,152 |  |  | $ | 1,606 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 16,484 |

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 1-4 Family |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Construction |  |  | Residential |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  | and Other |  |  | Total |
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 725 |  |  | $ | 2,581 |  |  | $ | 8,930 |  |  | $ | 1,595 |  |  | $ | 1,453 |  |  | $ | 1,696 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 17,215 |
Provision (credit) for loan losses |  |  | 143 |  |  |  | (431 | ) |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  | (79 | ) |  |  | (82 | ) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (426 | )
Recoveries of loans charged-off |  |  | - |  |  |  | 263 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 269 |
Loans charged-off |  |  | - |  |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (113 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (151 | )
Balance, March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 868 |  |  | $ | 2,383 |  |  | $ | 9,049 |  |  | $ | 1,498 |  |  | $ | 1,262 |  |  | $ | 1,614 |  |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | 16,907 |

Allowance for loan losses disaggregated on the basis of impairment analysis method as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

2022 |  |  |  |  |  | 1-4 Family |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Construction |  |  | Residential |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  | and Other |  |  | Total |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 1,139 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 1,373 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 645 |  |  |  | 2,846 |  |  |  | 7,175 |  |  |  | 1,630 |  |  |  | 1,110 |  |  |  | 1,487 |  |  |  | 218 |  |  |  | 15,111 |
Balance March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 645 |  |  | $ | 2,899 |  |  | $ | 8,314 |  |  | $ | 1,630 |  |  | $ | 1,152 |  |  | $ | 1,606 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 16,484 |

2021 |  |  |  |  |  | 1-4 Family |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Construction |  |  | Residential |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  | and Other |  |  | Total |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 1,139 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 1,392 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 675 |  |  |  | 2,712 |  |  |  | 7,267 |  |  |  | 1,584 |  |  |  | 1,110 |  |  |  | 1,704 |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | 15,229 |
Balance December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | 2,752 |  |  | $ | 8,406 |  |  | $ | 1,584 |  |  | $ | 1,170 |  |  | $ | 1,836 |  |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 16,621 |

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Loans receivable disaggregated on the basis of impairment analysis method as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

2022 |  |  |  |  |  | 1-4 Family |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Construction |  |  | Residential |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  | and Other |  |  | Total |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 976 |  |  | $ | 9,789 |  |  | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 564 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 12,157 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 46,140 |  |  |  | 255,386 |  |  |  | 497,809 |  |  |  | 151,594 |  |  |  | 70,888 |  |  |  | 95,633 |  |  |  | 16,623 |  |  |  | 1,134,073 |
Balance March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 46,140 |  |  | $ | 256,362 |  |  | $ | 507,598 |  |  | $ | 152,136 |  |  | $ | 71,150 |  |  | $ | 96,197 |  |  | $ | 16,647 |  |  | $ | 1,146,230 |

2021 |  |  |  |  |  | 1-4 Family |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Construction |  |  | Residential |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  | and Other |  |  | Total |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 980 |  |  | $ | 9,792 |  |  | $ | 546 |  |  | $ | 330 |  |  | $ | 637 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 12,312 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 42,638 |  |  |  | 245,765 |  |  |  | 505,575 |  |  |  | 152,911 |  |  |  | 75,152 |  |  |  | 111,244 |  |  |  | 15,070 |  |  |  | 1,148,355 |
Balance December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 42,638 |  |  | $ | 246,745 |  |  | $ | 515,367 |  |  | $ | 153,457 |  |  | $ | 75,482 |  |  | $ | 111,881 |  |  | $ | 15,097 |  |  | $ | 1,160,667 |

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payment of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. The Company applies its normal loan review procedures to identify loans that should be evaluated for impairment.

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Impaired loans, on a disaggregated basis, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Unpaid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Unpaid |  |  |  |  |
|  | Recorded |  |  | Principal |  |  | Related |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Principal |  |  | Related |
|  | Investment |  |  | Balance |  |  | Allowance |  |  | Investment |  |  | Balance |  |  | Allowance |
With no specific reserve recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate - construction |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Real estate - 1 to 4 family residential |  |  | 651 |  |  |  | 719 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 677 |  |  |  | 739 |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - commercial |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 124 |  |  |  | 142 |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - agricultural |  |  | 542 |  |  |  | 617 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 546 |  |  |  | 1,001 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 258 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 233 |  |  |  | 269 |  |  |  | - |
Agricultural |  |  | 255 |  |  |  | 486 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 322 |  |  |  | 521 |  |  |  | - |
Consumer and other |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | - |
Total loans with no specific reserve: |  |  | 1,793 |  |  |  | 2,226 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,908 |  |  |  | 2,680 |  |  |  | - |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate - construction |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - 1 to 4 family residential |  |  | 325 |  |  |  | 341 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | 314 |  |  |  | 40 |
Real estate - commercial |  |  | 9,668 |  |  |  | 10,001 |  |  |  | 1,139 |  |  |  | 9,668 |  |  |  | 10,001 |  |  |  | 1,139 |
Real estate - agricultural |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 60 |
Agricultural |  |  | 309 |  |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 132 |
Consumer and other |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 22 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 21 |
Total loans with specific reserve: |  |  | 10,364 |  |  |  | 10,721 |  |  |  | 1,373 |  |  |  | 10,404 |  |  |  | 10,751 |  |  |  | 1,392 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate - construction |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - 1 to 4 family residential |  |  | 976 |  |  |  | 1,060 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 980 |  |  |  | 1,053 |  |  |  | 40 |
Real estate - commercial |  |  | 9,789 |  |  |  | 10,141 |  |  |  | 1,139 |  |  |  | 9,792 |  |  |  | 10,143 |  |  |  | 1,139 |
Real estate - agricultural |  |  | 542 |  |  |  | 617 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 546 |  |  |  | 1,001 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 330 |  |  |  | 367 |  |  |  | 60 |
Agricultural |  |  | 564 |  |  |  | 801 |  |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 637 |  |  |  | 836 |  |  |  | 132 |
Consumer and other |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 21 |
|  | $ | 12,157 |  |  | $ | 12,947 |  |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 12,312 |  |  | $ | 13,431 |  |  | $ | 1,392 |

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Average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | Average |  |  | Interest |  |  | Average |  |  | Interest |
|  | Recorded |  |  | Income |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Income |
|  | Investment |  |  | Recognized |  |  | Investment |  |  | Recognized |
With no specific reserve recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate - construction |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 167 |  |  | $ | - |
Real estate - 1 to 4 family residential |  |  | 664 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - commercial |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | 297 |
Real estate - agricultural |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,378 |  |  |  | 25 |
Commercial |  |  | 227 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 546 |  |  |  | - |
Agricultural |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | 13 |
Consumer and other |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | - |
Total loans with no specific reserve: |  |  | 1,852 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 3,010 |  |  |  | 335 |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate - construction |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - 1 to 4 family residential |  |  | 314 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - commercial |  |  | 9,668 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 10,016 |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - agricultural |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 333 |  |  |  | - |
Agricultural |  |  | 312 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 443 |  |  |  | - |
Consumer and other |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | - |
Total loans with specific reserve: |  |  | 10,385 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 11,341 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate - construction |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - 1 to 4 family residential |  |  | 978 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 870 |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - commercial |  |  | 9,791 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 10,208 |  |  |  | 297 |
Real estate - agricultural |  |  | 544 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,378 |  |  |  | 25 |
Commercial |  |  | 297 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 879 |  |  |  | - |
Agricultural |  |  | 601 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 803 |  |  |  | 13 |
Consumer and other |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 12,237 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 14,351 |  |  | $ | 335 |

The interest foregone on nonaccrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $143 thousand and $199 thousand, respectively.

Nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $12.2 million and $12.3 million, respectively.

The Company had loans meeting the definition of a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) of $11.27 million as of March 31, 2022, all of which were included in impaired and nonaccrual loans. The Company had TDRs of $11.30 million as of December 31, 2021, all of which were included in impaired and nonaccrual loans.

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The Company’s TDRs, on a disaggregated basis, occurring in the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Pre-Modification |  |  | Post-Modification |  |  |  |  |  |  | Pre-Modification |  |  | Post-Modification |
|  |  |  |  |  | Outstanding |  |  | Outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  | Outstanding |  |  | Outstanding |
|  | Number of |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Number of |  |  | Recorded |  |  | Recorded |
|  | Contracts |  |  | Investment |  |  | Investment |  |  | Contracts |  |  | Investment |  |  | Investment |
Real estate - construction |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Real estate - 1 to 4 family residential |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 153 |  |  |  | 153 |
Real estate - commercial |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - agricultural |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Commercial |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 58 |
Agricultural |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Consumer and other |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 211 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company did not grant any concessions to borrowers facing financial difficulties. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company granted concessions to two borrowers, with three contracts, facing financial difficulties. The loans were restructured for an extended maturity without principal reductions or an amortization period longer than a typical loan.

There were no TDR loans that were modified during the twelve months ended March 31, 2022 that had payment defaults. The Company considers TDR loans to have payment default when it is past due 60 days or more.

There were no net charge-offs and $262 thousand of net recoveries related to TDRs for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. No additional specific reserve was provided for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

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An aging analysis of the recorded investments in loans, on a disaggregated basis, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, is as follows (in thousands):

2022 |  |  |  |  |  | 90 Days |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 90 Days |
|  | 30-89 |  |  | or Greater |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | or Greater |
|  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Current |  |  | Total |  |  | Accruing |
Real estate - construction |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 46,140 |  |  | $ | 46,140 |  |  | $ | - |
Real estate - 1 to 4 family residential |  |  | 989 |  |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | 255,157 |  |  |  | 256,362 |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - commercial |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 507,574 |  |  |  | 507,598 |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - agricultural |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | 151,728 |  |  |  | 152,136 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial |  |  | 549 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 598 |  |  |  | 70,552 |  |  |  | 71,150 |  |  |  | - |
Agricultural |  |  | 894 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 894 |  |  |  | 95,303 |  |  |  | 96,197 |  |  |  | - |
Consumer and other |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 16,632 |  |  |  | 16,647 |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 2,879 |  |  | $ | 265 |  |  | $ | 3,144 |  |  | $ | 1,143,086 |  |  | $ | 1,146,230 |  |  | $ | - |

2021 |  |  |  |  |  | 90 Days |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 90 Days |
|  | 30-89 |  |  | or Greater |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | or Greater |
|  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Current |  |  | Total |  |  | Accruing |
Real estate - construction |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 42,638 |  |  | $ | 42,638 |  |  | $ | - |
Real estate - 1 to 4 family residential |  |  | 1,198 |  |  |  | 482 |  |  |  | 1,680 |  |  |  | 245,065 |  |  |  | 246,745 |  |  |  | 169 |
Real estate - commercial |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 515,343 |  |  |  | 515,367 |  |  |  | - |
Real estate - agricultural |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 153,427 |  |  |  | 153,457 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 266 |  |  |  | 75,216 |  |  |  | 75,482 |  |  |  | - |
Agricultural |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 111,709 |  |  |  | 111,881 |  |  |  | - |
Consumer and other |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 15,048 |  |  |  | 15,097 |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 1,724 |  |  | $ | 497 |  |  | $ | 2,221 |  |  | $ | 1,158,446 |  |  | $ | 1,160,667 |  |  | $ | 169 |

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The credit risk profile by internally assigned grade, on a disaggregated basis, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

2022 |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  | Total |
Pass |  | $ | 45,904 |  |  | $ | 388,722 |  |  | $ | 125,766 |  |  | $ | 61,302 |  |  | $ | 80,758 |  |  | $ | 702,452 |
Watch |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | 78,615 |  |  |  | 20,791 |  |  |  | 7,372 |  |  |  | 14,293 |  |  |  | 121,307 |
Special Mention |  |  | - |  |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 633 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,463 |
Substandard |  |  | - |  |  |  | 29,642 |  |  |  | 5,037 |  |  |  | 1,581 |  |  |  | 582 |  |  |  | 36,842 |
Substandard-Impaired |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9,789 |  |  |  | 542 |  |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 564 |  |  |  | 11,157 |
|  | $ | 46,140 |  |  | $ | 507,598 |  |  | $ | 152,136 |  |  | $ | 71,150 |  |  | $ | 96,197 |  |  | $ | 873,221 |

2021 |  | Construction |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Agricultural |  |  | Total |
Pass |  | $ | 38,753 |  |  | $ | 381,346 |  |  | $ | 126,157 |  |  | $ | 63,141 |  |  | $ | 95,289 |  |  | $ | 704,686 |
Watch |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | 99,127 |  |  |  | 17,853 |  |  |  | 8,132 |  |  |  | 7,421 |  |  |  | 132,772 |
Special Mention |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,085 |  |  |  | 3,519 |  |  |  | 762 |  |  |  | 7,664 |  |  |  | 15,030 |
Substandard |  |  | 3,646 |  |  |  | 22,017 |  |  |  | 5,382 |  |  |  | 3,117 |  |  |  | 870 |  |  |  | 35,032 |
Substandard-Impaired |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9,792 |  |  |  | 546 |  |  |  | 330 |  |  |  | 637 |  |  |  | 11,305 |
|  | $ | 42,638 |  |  | $ | 515,367 |  |  | $ | 153,457 |  |  | $ | 75,482 |  |  | $ | 111,881 |  |  | $ | 898,825 |

The credit risk profile based on payment activity, on a disaggregated basis, as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

2022 |  | 1-4 Family |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Residential |  |  | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  |  | and Other |  |  | Total |
Performing |  | $ | 255,386 |  |  | $ | 16,623 |  |  | $ | 272,009 |
Non-performing |  |  | 976 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 1,000 |
|  | $ | 256,362 |  |  | $ | 16,647 |  |  | $ | 273,009 |

2021 |  | 1-4 Family |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Residential |  |  | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
|  | Real Estate |  |  | and Other |  |  | Total |
Performing |  | $ | 245,598 |  |  | $ | 15,067 |  |  | $ | 260,665 |
Non-performing |  |  | 1,147 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 1,177 |
|  | $ | 246,745 |  |  | $ | 15,097 |  |  | $ | 261,842 |

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8. | Intangible assets

The following sets forth the carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of the intangible assets at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | Gross |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Gross |  |  | Accumulated |
|  | Amount |  |  | Amortization |  |  | Amount |  |  | Amortization |
Core deposit intangible asset |  | $ | 6,411 |  |  | $ | 4,169 |  |  | $ | 6,411 |  |  | $ | 4,043 |
Customer list |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | 418 |  |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | 398 |
Total |  | $ | 6,946 |  |  | $ | 4,587 |  |  | $ | 6,946 |  |  | $ | 4,441 |

The weighted average remaining life of the intangible assets is approximately 3 years and 4 years as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The following sets forth the activity related to the intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Beginning intangible assets, net |  | $ | 2,505 |  |  | $ | 3,133 |
Amortization |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  | (160 | )
Ending intangible assets, net |  | $ | 2,359 |  |  | $ | 2,973 |

Estimated remaining amortization expense on intangible assets for the years ending December 31 is as follows (in thousands):

2022 |  |  | 428 |
2023 |  |  | 502 |
2024 |  |  | 337 |
2025 |  |  | 300 |
2026 |  |  | 268 |
2027 |  |  | 240 |
After |  |  | 284 |
Total |  | $ | 2,359 |

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9. | Pledged Collateral Related to Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements

The repurchase agreements mature daily and the following sets forth the pledged collateral at estimated fair value related to securities sold under repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government treasuries |  | $ | 4,796 |  |  | $ | 4,971 |
U.S. government agencies |  |  | 39,461 |  |  |  | 38,045 |
U.S. government mortgage-backed securities |  |  | 9,311 |  |  |  | 11,127 |
Total pledged collateral |  | $ | 53,568 |  |  | $ | 54,143 |

In the event the repurchase agreements exceed the estimated fair value of the pledged securities available-for-sale, the Company has unpledged securities available-for-sale that may be pledged on the repurchase agreements.

10. | Borrowings

On June 11, 2021, the Company entered into a promissory note and line of credit agreement with an unaffiliated bank, providing for a five-year four million dollar line of credit facility. The Company had no outstanding borrowings on the line of credit as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The Company had $3.0 million of FHLB advances as of December 31, 2021 and none as of March 31, 2022.

11. | Income Taxes

The tax effects of temporary differences related to income taxes are included in deferred income taxes. The change in deferred income taxes since December 31, 2021 is due primarily to the increase in the unrealized losses on investment securities.

12. | Commitments, Contingencies and Concentrations of Credit Risk

On April 16, 2021, the Company entered into a $1.7 million commitment with a contractor to build a new branch in West Des Moines, Iowa. The Company has $406 thousand of the commitment remaining at March 31, 2022.

13. | Regulatory Matters

The Company and the Banks are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal and state banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements (as shown in the following table) can result in certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators, which, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Banks must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Company's and the Banks' capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Management believed the Company and the Banks met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject as of March 31, 2022.

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The Company and the Banks’ capital amounts and ratios as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | To Be Well |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Capitalized Under |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | For Capital |  |  | Prompt Corrective |
|  | Actual |  |  | Adequacy Purposes |  |  | Action Provisions |
|  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
As of March 31, 2022: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 211,219 |  |  |  | 14.9 | % |  | $ | 148,534 |  |  |  | 10.50 | % |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Boone Bank & Trust |  |  | 15,704 |  |  |  | 13.5 |  |  |  | 12,251 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 11,668 |  |  |  | 10.0 | %
First National Bank |  |  | 106,493 |  |  |  | 14.5 |  |  |  | 77,007 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 73,340 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
Iowa State Savings Bank |  |  | 24,309 |  |  |  | 15.9 |  |  |  | 16,043 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 15,280 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
Reliance State Bank |  |  | 27,424 |  |  |  | 15.0 |  |  |  | 19,235 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 18,319 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
State Bank & Trust |  |  | 21,243 |  |  |  | 14.8 |  |  |  | 15,114 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 14,395 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
United Bank & Trust |  |  | 12,137 |  |  |  | 15.3 |  |  |  | 8,328 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 7,931 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 194,024 |  |  |  | 13.7 | % |  | $ | 120,242 |  |  |  | 8.50 | % |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Boone Bank & Trust |  |  | 14,778 |  |  |  | 12.7 |  |  |  | 9,917 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 9,334 |  |  |  | 8.0 | %
First National Bank |  |  | 97,319 |  |  |  | 13.3 |  |  |  | 62,339 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 58,672 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
Iowa State Savings Bank |  |  | 23,048 |  |  |  | 15.1 |  |  |  | 12,988 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 12,224 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
Reliance State Bank |  |  | 25,131 |  |  |  | 13.7 |  |  |  | 15,571 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 14,655 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
State Bank & Trust |  |  | 19,590 |  |  |  | 13.6 |  |  |  | 12,235 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 11,516 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
United Bank & Trust |  |  | 11,144 |  |  |  | 14.1 |  |  |  | 6,742 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 6,345 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
Tier 1 capital (to average-assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 194,024 |  |  |  | 9.1 | % |  | $ | 85,639 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Boone Bank & Trust |  |  | 14,778 |  |  |  | 9.0 |  |  |  | 6,538 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 8,172 |  |  |  | 5.0 | %
First National Bank |  |  | 97,319 |  |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |  | 43,893 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 54,866 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
Iowa State Savings Bank |  |  | 23,048 |  |  |  | 9.0 |  |  |  | 10,219 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 12,774 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
Reliance State Bank |  |  | 25,131 |  |  |  | 8.6 |  |  |  | 11,642 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 14,553 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
State Bank & Trust |  |  | 19,590 |  |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |  | 8,812 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 11,016 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
United Bank & Trust |  |  | 11,144 |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |  | 5,137 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 6,421 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 194,024 |  |  |  | 13.7 | % |  | $ | 99,022 |  |  |  | 7.00 | % |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Boone Bank & Trust |  |  | 14,778 |  |  |  | 12.7 |  |  |  | 8,167 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 7,584 |  |  |  | 6.5 | %
First National Bank |  |  | 97,319 |  |  |  | 13.3 |  |  |  | 51,338 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 47,671 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Iowa State Savings Bank |  |  | 23,048 |  |  |  | 15.1 |  |  |  | 10,696 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 9,932 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Reliance State Bank |  |  | 25,131 |  |  |  | 13.7 |  |  |  | 12,823 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 11,907 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
State Bank & Trust |  |  | 19,590 |  |  |  | 13.6 |  |  |  | 10,076 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 9,356 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
United Bank & Trust |  |  | 11,144 |  |  |  | 15.1 |  |  |  | 5,552 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 5,155 |  |  |  | 6.5 |

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | To Be Well |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Capitalized Under |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | For Capital |  |  | Prompt Corrective |
|  | Actual |  |  | Adequacy Purposes |  |  | Action Provisions |
|  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
As of December 31, 2021: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 208,480 |  |  |  | 14.8 | % |  | $ | 146,881 |  |  |  | 10.50 | % |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Boone Bank & Trust |  |  | 15,603 |  |  |  | 14.2 |  |  |  | 11,562 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 11,012 |  |  |  | 10.0 | %
First National Bank |  |  | 104,608 |  |  |  | 14.5 |  |  |  | 75,832 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 72,221 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
Iowa State Savings Bank |  |  | 24,008 |  |  |  | 15.9 |  |  |  | 15,895 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 15,138 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
Reliance State Bank |  |  | 27,292 |  |  |  | 13.6 |  |  |  | 21,136 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 20,129 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
State Bank & Trust |  |  | 20,885 |  |  |  | 15.2 |  |  |  | 14,416 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 13,730 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
United Bank & Trust |  |  | 12,001 |  |  |  | 15.7 |  |  |  | 8,039 |  |  |  | 10.50 |  |  |  | 7,657 |  |  |  | 10.0 |
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 191,161 |  |  |  | 13.7 | % |  | $ | 118,904 |  |  |  | 8.50 | % |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Boone Bank & Trust |  |  | 14,652 |  |  |  | 13.3 |  |  |  | 9,360 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 8,809 |  |  |  | 8.0 | %
First National Bank |  |  | 95,573 |  |  |  | 13.2 |  |  |  | 61,388 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 57,777 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
Iowa State Savings Bank |  |  | 22,747 |  |  |  | 15.0 |  |  |  | 12,868 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 12,111 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
Reliance State Bank |  |  | 24,774 |  |  |  | 12.3 |  |  |  | 17,110 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 16,103 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
State Bank & Trust |  |  | 19,231 |  |  |  | 14.0 |  |  |  | 11,670 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 10,984 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
United Bank & Trust |  |  | 11,042 |  |  |  | 14.4 |  |  |  | 6,508 |  |  |  | 8.50 |  |  |  | 6,125 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
Tier 1 capital (to average-assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 191,161 |  |  |  | 9.0 | % |  | $ | 84,585 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Boone Bank & Trust |  |  | 14,652 |  |  |  | 9.0 |  |  |  | 6,525 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 8,157 |  |  |  | 5.0 | %
First National Bank |  |  | 95,573 |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |  | 44,333 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 55,416 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
Iowa State Savings Bank |  |  | 22,747 |  |  |  | 9.1 |  |  |  | 10,102 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 12,628 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
Reliance State Bank |  |  | 24,774 |  |  |  | 8.8 |  |  |  | 11,396 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 14,245 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
State Bank & Trust |  |  | 19,231 |  |  |  | 9.1 |  |  |  | 8,469 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 10,586 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
United Bank & Trust |  |  | 11,042 |  |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |  | 4,955 |  |  |  | 4.00 |  |  |  | 6,193 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
Common equity tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 191,161 |  |  |  | 13.7 | % |  | $ | 97,921 |  |  |  | 7.00 | % |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |
Boone Bank & Trust |  |  | 14,652 |  |  |  | 13.3 |  |  |  | 7,708 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 7,158 |  |  |  | 6.5 | %
First National Bank |  |  | 95,573 |  |  |  | 13.2 |  |  |  | 50,555 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 46,944 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Iowa State Savings Bank |  |  | 22,747 |  |  |  | 15.0 |  |  |  | 10,597 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 9,840 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Reliance State Bank |  |  | 24,774 |  |  |  | 12.3 |  |  |  | 14,091 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 13,084 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
State Bank & Trust |  |  | 19,231 |  |  |  | 14.0 |  |  |  | 9,611 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 8,924 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
United Bank & Trust |  |  | 11,042 |  |  |  | 14.4 |  |  |  | 5,360 |  |  |  | 7.00 |  |  |  | 4,977 |  |  |  | 6.5 |

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The Company and the Banks are subject to the rules of the Basel III regulatory capital framework and related Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The rules include the implementation of a 2.5 percent capital conservation buffer that is added to the minimum requirements for capital adequacy purposes for all capital ratios except tier 1 capital to average assets. A banking organization with a capital conservation buffer of less than the required amount will be subject to limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers. At March 31, 2022, the capital ratios for the Company and the Banks were sufficient to meet the conservation buffer.

14. | Subsequent Events

Management evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued. There were no significant events or transactions occurring after March 31, 2022, but prior to May 6, 2022, that provided additional evidence about conditions that existed at March 31, 2022. There were no other significant events or transactions that provided evidence about conditions that did not exist at March 31, 2022.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Ames National Corporation (the “Company”) is a bank holding company established in 1975 that owns and operates six bank subsidiaries in central Iowa (the “Banks”). The following discussion is provided for the consolidated operations of the Company and its Banks, First National Bank, Ames, Iowa (First National), State Bank & Trust Co. (State Bank), Boone Bank & Trust Co. (Boone Bank), Reliance State Bank (Reliance Bank), United Bank & Trust NA (United Bank) and Iowa State Savings Bank (Iowa State Bank). The purpose of this discussion is to focus on significant factors affecting the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

The Company does not engage in any material business activities apart from its ownership of the Banks. Products and services offered by the Banks are for commercial and consumer purposes including loans, deposits and wealth management services. Wealth management services includes financial planning and managing trust, agencies, estates and investment brokerage accounts. The Company employs sixteen individuals to assist with financial reporting, human resources, audit, compliance, marketing, technology systems, training, real estate valuation services and the coordination of management activities, in addition to 250 full-time equivalent individuals employed by the Banks.

The Company’s primary competitive strategy is to utilize seasoned and competent Bank management and local decision making authority to provide customers with faster response times and more flexibility in the products and services offered. This strategy is viewed as providing an opportunity to increase revenues through creating a competitive advantage over other financial institutions. The Company also strives to remain operationally efficient to provide better profitability while enabling the Company to offer more competitive loan and deposit rates.

The principal sources of Company revenues and cash flow are: (i) interest and fees earned on loans made by the Company and Banks; (ii) interest on fixed income investments held by the Banks; (iii) fees on wealth management services provided by those Banks exercising trust powers; (iv) service fees on deposit accounts maintained at the Banks; (v) gain on sale of loans; and (vi) merchant and card fees. The Company’s principal expenses are: (i) interest expense on deposit accounts and other borrowings; (ii) provision for loan losses; (iii) salaries and employee benefits; (iv) data processing costs associated with maintaining the Banks’ loan and deposit functions; (v) occupancy expenses for maintaining the Bank’s facilities; and (vi) professional fees. The largest component contributing to the Company’s net income is net interest income, which is the difference between interest earned on earning assets (primarily loans and investments) and interest paid on interest-bearing liabilities (primarily deposits and other borrowings). One of management’s principal functions is to manage the spread between interest earned on earning assets and interest paid on interest bearing liabilities in an effort to maximize net interest income while maintaining an appropriate level of interest rate risk.

The Company had net income of $5.1 million, or $0.57 per share, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to net income of $6.0 million, or $0.66 per share, for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in earnings is primarily the result of lower interest income on loans, offset in part by an increase in interest income on taxable securities and a decrease in interest expense on time deposits.

Net loan charge-offs totaled $10 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to net loan recoveries of $118 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2021. A credit for loan losses of $127 thousand was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to a $426 thousand credit for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

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The following management discussion and analysis will provide a review of important items relating to:

● | Challenges

● | Key Performance Indicators and Industry Results

● | Critical Accounting Policies

● | Non-GAAP Financial Measures

● | Income Statement Review

● | Balance Sheet Review

● | Asset Quality Review and Credit Risk Management

● | Liquidity and Capital Resources

● | Forward-Looking Statements and Business Risks

Challenges

Management has identified certain events or circumstances that may negatively impact the Company’s financial condition and results of operations in the future and is attempting to position the Company to best respond to those challenges. These challenges are addressed in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 11, 2022.

Key Performance Indicators and Industry Results

Certain key performance indicators for the Company and the industry are presented in the following chart. The industry figures are compiled by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and are derived from 4,391 community banks and savings institutions insured by the FDIC. Management reviews these indicators on a quarterly basis for purposes of comparing the Company’s performance from quarter-to-quarter against the industry as a whole.

Selected Indicators for the Company and the Industry

|  | 3 Months |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Ended |  |  | Years Ended December 31, |
|  | March, 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Company |  |  | Company |  |  | Industry* |  |  | Company |  |  | Industry* |
Return on assets |  |  | 0.96 | % |  |  | 1.15 | % |  |  | 1.25 | % |  |  | 1.01 | % |  |  | 1.09 | %
Return on equity |  |  | 10.28 | % |  |  | 11.43 | % |  |  | 11.61 | % |  |  | 9.48 | % |  |  | 9.72 | %
Net interest margin |  |  | 2.55 | % |  |  | 2.83 | % |  |  | 3.27 | % |  |  | 3.13 | % |  |  | 3.39 | %
Efficiency ratio |  |  | 59.72 | % |  |  | 55.04 | % |  |  | 61.42 | % |  |  | 55.83 | % |  |  | 62.34 | %
Capital ratio |  |  | 9.33 | % |  |  | 10.04 | % |  |  | 10.16 | % |  |  | 10.66 | % |  |  | 10.32 | %

*Latest available data

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Key performances indicators include:

● | Return on Assets

This ratio is calculated by dividing net income by average assets. It is used to measure how effectively the assets of the Company are being utilized in generating income. The Company's annualized return on average assets was 0.96% and 1.19% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This ratio decrease was primarily the result of lower net income.

● | Return on Equity

This ratio is calculated by dividing net income by average equity. It is used to measure the net income or return the Company generated for the shareholders’ equity investment in the Company. The Company's return on average equity was at 10.28% and 11.52% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. This ratio decrease was primarily the result of a lower net income and offset in part by a decrease in stockholders’ equity.

● | Net Interest Margin

The net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was 2.55% and 2.86%, respectively. The ratio is calculated by dividing tax equivalent net interest income by average earning assets. Earning assets are primarily made up of loans and investments that earn interest. This ratio is used to measure how well the Company is able to maintain interest rates on earning assets above those of interest-bearing liabilities, which is the interest expense paid on deposits and other borrowings.

● | Efficiency Ratio

This ratio is calculated by dividing noninterest expense by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income. The ratio is a measure of the Company’s ability to manage noninterest expenses. The Company’s efficiency ratio was 59.72% and 55.70% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The efficiency ratio has increased compared to the same quarter last year primarily due to a reduction in net interest income and an increase in noninterest expense.

● | Capital Ratio

The average capital ratio is calculated by dividing average total equity capital by average total assets. It measures the level of average assets that are funded by shareholders’ equity. Given an equal level of risk in the financial condition of two companies, the higher the capital ratio, generally the more financially sound the company. The Company’s capital ratio of 9.33% as of March 31, 2022 is lower than the industry average of 10.16% as of December 31, 2021 primarily due an increase in unrealized losses on investment securities.

Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion contained in this Item 2 and other disclosures included within this report are based, in part, on the Company’s audited December 31, 2021 consolidated financial statements. These statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The financial information contained in these statements is, for the most part, based on the financial effects of transactions and events that have already occurred. However, the preparation of these statements requires management to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

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The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” accompanying the Company’s audited financial statements. Based on its consideration of accounting policies that involve the most complex and subjective estimates and judgments, management has identified the allowance for loan losses, the assessment of other-than-temporary impairment for investment securities and the assessment of goodwill impairment to be the Company’s most critical accounting policies.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses that is treated as an expense and charged against earnings. Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that collectability of the principal is unlikely. The Company has policies and procedures for evaluating the overall credit quality of its loan portfolio, including timely identification of potential problem loans. On a quarterly basis, management reviews the appropriate level for the allowance for loan losses, incorporating a variety of risk considerations, both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative factors include the Company’s historical loss experience, delinquency and charge-off trends, collateral values, known information about individual loans and other factors. Qualitative factors include various considerations regarding the general economic environment in the Company’s market area. To the extent actual results differ from forecasts and management’s judgment, the allowance for loan losses may be greater or lesser than future charge-offs. Due to potential changes in conditions, including the economic disruption and uncertainties resulting from the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in estimates will occur in the near term and that such changes could be material to the amounts reported in the Company’s financial statements.

For further discussion concerning the allowance for loan losses and the process of establishing specific reserves, see the section of the Annual Report on Form 10-K entitled “Asset Quality Review and Credit Risk Management” and “Analysis of the Allowance for Loan Losses”.

Fair Value and Other-Than-Temporary Impairment of Investment Securities

The Company’s securities available-for-sale portfolio is carried at fair value with “fair value” being defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability is not adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable, (iii) able to transact, and (iv) willing to transact.

Declines in the fair value of available-for-sale securities below their cost that are deemed to be other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses. In estimating other-than-temporary impairment losses, management considers (1) the intent to sell the investment securities and the more likely than not requirement that the Company will be required to sell the investment securities prior to recovery (2) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost and (3) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Due to potential changes in conditions, including the economic disruption and uncertainties resulting from the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is at least reasonably possible that changes in management’s assessment of other-than-temporary impairment will occur in the near term and that such changes could be material to the amounts reported in the Company’s financial statements.

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Goodwill

Goodwill arose in connection with four acquisitions consummated in previous periods. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment or more often if conditions indicate a possible impairment. For the purposes of goodwill impairment testing, determination of the fair value of a reporting unit involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Impairment would arise if the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. At March 31, 2022, Company’s management has completed the goodwill impairment assessment and determined goodwill was not impaired. Actual future test results may differ from the present evaluation of impairment due to changes in the conditions used in the current evaluation. The effects of the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact our net income, fair value and correspondingly goodwill. An impairment of goodwill would decrease the Company’s earnings during the period in which the impairment is recorded.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This report contains references to financial measures that are not defined in GAAP. Such non-GAAP financial measures include the Company’s presentation of net interest income and net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis. Management believes these non-GAAP financial measures are widely used in the financial institutions industry and provide useful information to both management and investors to analyze and evaluate the Company’s financial performance. Limitations associated with non-GAAP financial measures include the risks that persons might disagree as to the appropriateness of items included in these measures and that different companies might calculate these measures differently. These non-GAAP disclosures should not be considered an alternative to the Company’s GAAP results. The following table reconciles the non-GAAP financial measures of net interest income and net interest margin on an FTE basis to GAAP (dollars in thousands).

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Reconciliation of net interest income and annualized net interest margin on an FTE basis to GAAP: |
Net interest income (GAAP) |  | $ | 13,152 |  |  | $ | 13,664 |
Tax-equivalent adjustment (1) |  |  | 180 |  |  |  | 225 |
Net interest income on an FTE basis (non-GAAP) |  |  | 13,332 |  |  |  | 13,889 |
Average interest-earning assets |  | $ | 2,090,628 |  |  | $ | 1,941,859 |
Net interest margin on an FTE basis (non-GAAP) |  |  | 2.55 | % |  |  | 2.86 | %

(1) Computed on a tax-equivalent basis using an incremental federal income tax rate of 21 percent, adjusted to reflect the effect of the tax-exempt interest income associated with owning tax-exempt securities and loans.

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Income Statement Review for the Three Months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021

The following highlights a comparative discussion of the major components of net income and their impact for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES

The following two tables are used to calculate the Company’s non-GAAP net interest margin on an FTE basis. The first table includes the Company’s average assets and the related income to determine the average yield on earning assets. The second table includes the average liabilities and related expense to determine the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin is equal to interest income less interest expense divided by average earning assets. Refer to the net interest income discussion following the tables for additional detail.

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND INTEREST RATES |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | Average |  |  | Revenue/ |  |  | Yield/ |  |  | Average |  |  | Revenue/ |  |  | Yield/ |
|  | balance |  |  | expense |  |  | rate |  |  | balance |  |  | expense |  |  | rate |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  | $ | 70,847 |  |  | $ | 876 |  |  |  | 4.95 | % |  | $ | 122,006 |  |  | $ | 1,712 |  |  |  | 5.61 | %
Agricultural |  |  | 95,526 |  |  |  | 925 |  |  |  | 3.87 | % |  |  | 92,362 |  |  |  | 989 |  |  |  | 4.28 | %
Real estate |  |  | 957,869 |  |  |  | 8,683 |  |  |  | 3.63 | % |  |  | 908,212 |  |  |  | 9,112 |  |  |  | 4.01 | %
Consumer and other |  |  | 16,136 |  |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | 3.97 | % |  |  | 14,172 |  |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 4.83 | %
Total loans (including fees) |  |  | 1,140,378 |  |  |  | 10,644 |  |  |  | 3.73 | % |  |  | 1,136,752 |  |  |  | 11,984 |  |  |  | 4.22 | %
Investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  |  | 699,709 |  |  |  | 2,588 |  |  |  | 1.48 | % |  |  | 453,939 |  |  |  | 1,989 |  |  |  | 1.75 | %
Tax-exempt (2) |  |  | 140,569 |  |  |  | 854 |  |  |  | 2.43 | % |  |  | 162,496 |  |  |  | 1,069 |  |  |  | 2.63 | %
Total investment securities |  |  | 840,278 |  |  |  | 3,442 |  |  |  | 1.64 | % |  |  | 616,435 |  |  |  | 3,058 |  |  |  | 1.98 | %
Interest-bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold |  |  | 109,972 |  |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | 0.60 | % |  |  | 188,672 |  |  |  | 178 |  |  |  | 0.38 | %
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 2,090,628 |  |  | $ | 14,252 |  |  |  | 2.73 | % |  |  | 1,941,859 |  |  | $ | 15,220 |  |  |  | 3.14 | %
Noninterest-earning assets |  |  | 54,353 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 81,154 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 2,144,981 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,023,013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Average loan balances include nonaccrual loans, if any. Interest income collected on nonaccrual loans has been included.
(2) Tax-exempt income has been adjusted to a tax-equivalent basis using an incremental tax rate of 21%.

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AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND INTEREST RATES |
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | Average |  |  | Revenue/ |  |  | Yield/ |  |  | Average |  |  | Revenue/ |  |  | Yield/ |
|  | balance |  |  | expense |  |  | rate |  |  | balance |  |  | expense |  |  | rate |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing checking, savings accounts and money markets |  | $ | 1,286,431 |  |  | $ | 490 |  |  |  | 0.15 | % |  | $ | 1,156,088 |  |  | $ | 479 |  |  |  | 0.17 | %
Time deposits |  |  | 213,427 |  |  |  | 398 |  |  |  | 0.75 | % |  |  | 252,035 |  |  |  | 815 |  |  |  | 1.29 | %
Total deposits |  |  | 1,499,858 |  |  |  | 888 |  |  |  | 0.24 | % |  |  | 1,408,123 |  |  |  | 1,294 |  |  |  | 0.37 | %
Other borrowed funds |  |  | 39,495 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | 0.32 | % |  |  | 40,692 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 0.36 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 1,539,353 |  |  |  | 920 |  |  |  | 0.24 | % |  |  | 1,448,815 |  |  |  | 1,331 |  |  |  | 0.37 | %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing checking |  |  | 396,894 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 354,595 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  |  | 8,563 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,571 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  | 200,171 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 209,032 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  | $ | 2,144,981 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,023,013 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (FTE)(3) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,332 |  |  |  | 2.55 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,889 |  |  |  | 2.86 | %
Spread Analysis (FTE) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income/average assets |  | $ | 14,252 |  |  |  | 2.66 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,220 |  |  |  | 3.01 | % |  |  |  |
Interest expense/average assets |  | $ | 920 |  |  |  | 0.17 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,331 |  |  |  | 0.26 | % |  |  |  |
Net interest income/average assets |  | $ | 13,332 |  |  |  | 2.49 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,889 |  |  |  | 2.75 | % |  |  |  |

(3) Net interest income (FTE) is a non-GAAP financial measure. For further information, refer to the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of this report.

Net Interest Income

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company's net interest margin adjusted for tax exempt income was 2.55% and 2.86%, respectively. Net interest income, prior to the adjustment for tax-exempt income, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled $13.2 million compared to $13.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

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For the three months ended March 31, 2022, interest income declined $923 thousand, or 6%, when compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease is primarily due to a reduction in interest rates, less income recognized from PPP fees and the recognition of nonaccrual interest income offset in part by an increase in taxable security interest income. Fees recognized from PPP loans during the first quarter of 2022 were $200 thousand as compared to $840 thousand of fees during the first quarter of 2021. Nonaccrual interest income recognized in the first quarter of 2022 was $7 thousand compared to $335 thousand recognized during the first quarter of 2021. Taxable securities interest income was $599 thousand higher than the first quarter of 2021 due primarily to increased balances.

Interest expense declined $411 thousand, or 31%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 when compared to the same period in 2021. The lower interest expense for the period is primarily due to interest rate declines and a decrease in time deposit balances.

Provision (Credit) for Loan Losses

A credit for loan losses of ($127) thousand was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to a credit for loan losses of ($426) thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Net loan charge-offs totaled $10 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to net loan recoveries of $118 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The credit for loan losses in the first quarter of 2022 was primarily due to a decline in loans outstanding from December 31, 2021. The credit for loan losses in the first quarter of 2021 was primarily due to loan recoveries, a reduction in a specific reserve and lower loan balances from December 31, 2020.

Noninterest Income and Expense

Noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled $2.6 million as compared to $2.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, an increase of 2%. The increase in noninterest income was primarily due to an increase in wealth management income, offset in part by lower gains on sale of residential loans held for sale as refinancing volume has slowed. The increase in wealth management income was primarily related to growth in the assets under management and new account relationships.

Noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled $9.4 million compared to $9.0 million recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2021, an increase of 4%. The increase is primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits, professional fees and business development costs. The efficiency ratio was 59.7% for the first quarter of 2022 as compared to 55.7% in the first quarter of 2021.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled $1.3 million compared to $1.6 million recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The effective tax rate was 20.3% and 20.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The lower than expected tax rate in 2022 and 2021 was due primarily to tax-exempt interest income and New Markets Tax Credits.

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Balance Sheet Review

As of March 31, 2022, total assets were $2.18 billion, a $47.7 million increase compared to December 31, 2021. This increase in assets is primarily reflected in interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold and was funded by growth in our deposits.

Investment Portfolio

The investment portfolio totaled $823.9 million as of March 31, 2022, a decrease of $7.1 million from the December 31, 2021 balance of $831.0 million. The decrease in securities available-for-sale is primarily due to a decline in fair value as interest rates rose during the first quarter of 2022, offset in part by purchases of investments.

On a quarterly basis, the investment portfolio is reviewed for other-than-temporary impairment. As of March 31, 2022, gross unrealized losses of $42.0 million, are considered to be temporary in nature due to the interest rate environment and other general economic factors. Certain bonds in the investment portfolio may become other-than-temporarily impaired and could negatively affect the Company’s net income. As a result of the Company’s favorable liquidity position, the Company does not have the intent to sell securities with an unrealized loss at the present time. In addition, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will hold these securities until recovery of their fair value to cost basis and expects full principal and interest to be collected. Therefore, the Company does not consider these investments to have other-than-temporary impairment as of March 31, 2022.

At March 31, 2022, the Company’s investment securities portfolio included securities issued by 280 government municipalities and agencies located within 28 states with a fair value of $289.2 million. At December 31, 2021, the Company’s investment securities portfolio included securities issued by 298 government municipalities and agencies located within 28 states with a fair value of $292.9 million. No one municipality or agency represents a concentration within this segment of the investment portfolio. Storm Lake, Iowa, general obligation bonds with a fair value of $7.0 million (approximately 2.4% of the fair value of the government municipalities and agencies) represent the largest exposure to any one municipality or agency for the Company as of March 31, 2022; the bonds are repayable from the levy of continuing annual tax on all the taxable property within the territory of the city of Storm Lake.

The Company’s procedures for evaluating investments in states, municipalities and political subdivisions include but are not limited to reviewing the offering statement and the most current available financial information, comparing yields to yields of bonds of similar credit quality, confirming capacity to repay, assessing operating and financial performance, evaluating the stability of tax revenues, considering debt profiles and local demographics, and for revenue bonds, assessing the source and strength of revenue structures for municipal authorities. These procedures, as applicable, are utilized for all municipal purchases and are utilized in whole or in part for monitoring the portfolio of municipal holdings. The Company does not utilize third party credit rating agencies as a primary component of determining if the municipal issuer has an adequate capacity to meet the financial commitments under the security for the projected life of the investment, and, therefore, does not compare internal assessments to those of the credit rating agencies. Credit rating downgrades are utilized as an additional indicator of credit weakness and as a reference point for historical default rates.

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The following table summarizes the total general obligation and revenue bonds in the Company’s investment securities portfolios as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 identifying the state in which the issuing government municipality or agency operates (in thousands):

|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Estimated |  |  |  |  |  |  | Estimated |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Amortized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Value |  |  | Cost |  |  | Value |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General Obligation bonds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Iowa |  | $ | 71,716 |  |  | $ | 69,206 |  |  | $ | 72,128 |  |  | $ | 72,830 |
Texas |  |  | 28,923 |  |  |  | 27,323 |  |  |  | 24,742 |  |  |  | 24,953 |
Nebraska |  |  | 19,543 |  |  |  | 18,076 |  |  |  | 19,546 |  |  |  | 19,486 |
Washington |  |  | 10,988 |  |  |  | 10,566 |  |  |  | 11,013 |  |  |  | 11,241 |
Other (2022: 16 states; 2021: 16 states) |  |  | 41,008 |  |  |  | 38,918 |  |  |  | 41,371 |  |  |  | 41,617 |
Total general obligation bonds |  | $ | 172,178 |  |  | $ | 164,089 |  |  | $ | 168,800 |  |  | $ | 170,127 |
Revenue bonds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Iowa |  | $ | 66,468 |  |  | $ | 64,638 |  |  | $ | 61,718 |  |  | $ | 62,181 |
Texas |  |  | 13,108 |  |  |  | 12,363 |  |  |  | 11,898 |  |  |  | 12,090 |
Nebraska |  |  | 10,067 |  |  |  | 9,321 |  |  |  | 9,727 |  |  |  | 9,636 |
Other (2022: 21 states; 2021: 21 states) |  |  | 41,060 |  |  |  | 38,802 |  |  |  | 38,405 |  |  |  | 38,825 |
Total revenue bonds |  | $ | 130,703 |  |  | $ | 125,124 |  |  | $ | 121,748 |  |  | $ | 122,732 |
Total obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 302,881 |  |  | $ | 289,213 |  |  | $ | 290,548 |  |  | $ | 292,859 |

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the revenue bonds in the Company’s investment securities portfolios were issued by government municipalities and agencies to fund public services such as community school facilities, college and university dormitory facilities, water utilities and electrical utilities. The revenue bonds are to be paid from 6 primary revenue sources. The revenue sources that represent 5% or more, individually, as a percent of the total revenue bonds are summarized in the following table (in thousands):

|  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Estimated |  |  |  |  |  |  | Estimated |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Amortized |  |  | Fair |
|  | Cost |  |  | Value |  |  | Cost |  |  | Value |
Revenue bonds by revenue source |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales tax |  | $ | 32,652 |  |  | $ | 31,476 |  |  | $ | 31,632 |  |  | $ | 31,896 |
Water |  |  | 22,579 |  |  |  | 21,543 |  |  |  | 22,611 |  |  |  | 22,924 |
College and universities, primarily dormitory revenues |  |  | 17,128 |  |  |  | 16,268 |  |  |  | 17,169 |  |  |  | 17,353 |
Sewer |  |  | 14,239 |  |  |  | 13,431 |  |  |  | 14,248 |  |  |  | 14,327 |
Leases |  |  | 10,265 |  |  |  | 9,972 |  |  |  | 8,788 |  |  |  | 8,894 |
Electric power & light revenues |  |  | 7,498 |  |  |  | 7,191 |  |  |  | 7,508 |  |  |  | 7,646 |
Other |  |  | 26,342 |  |  |  | 25,243 |  |  |  | 19,792 |  |  |  | 19,692 |
Total revenue bonds by revenue source |  | $ | 130,703 |  |  | $ | 125,124 |  |  | $ | 121,748 |  |  | $ | 122,732 |

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Loan Portfolio

The loan portfolio, net of the allowance for loan losses, totaled $1.13 billion and $1.14 billion as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in agriculture and commercial real estate loans, offset in part by an increase in the 1-4 family residential loan portfolio.

Deposits

Deposits totaled $1.96 billion and $1.88 billion as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The change in deposits since December 31, 2021 was due to increases across all types except time deposits which continue to decline due to the current rate environment. Balances fluctuate as customers’ liquidity needs vary at any given time. Deposit levels may be impacted in future periods by changing economic conditions.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. No material changes in the Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements have occurred since December 31, 2021.

Asset Quality Review and Credit Risk Management

The Company’s credit risk is historically centered in the loan portfolio, which on March 31, 2022 totaled $1.13 billion compared to $1.14 billion as of December 31, 2021. Net loans comprise 52% of total assets as of March 31, 2022. The objective in managing loan portfolio risk is to reduce the risk of loss resulting from a customer’s failure to perform according to the terms of an agreement and to quantify and manage credit risk on a portfolio basis. The Company’s level of problem loans (consisting of nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more) as a percentage of total loans was 1.09% at March 31, 2022, as compared to 1.11% at December 31, 2021. The Company’s level of problem loans as a percentage of total loans at March 31, 2022 of 1.09% is higher as compared to the Iowa State Average peer group of FDIC insured institutions as of December 31, 2021, of 0.45%, most recent available.

Impaired loans totaled $12.2 million as of March 31, 2022 and have decreased $682 thousand as compared to the impaired loans of $12.8 million as of December 31, 2021. The decrease is primarily due to payments on nonaccrual loans.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payment of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. The Company applies its normal loan review procedures to identify loans that should be evaluated for impairment.

The Company had TDRs of $11.27 million as of March 31, 2022 and $11.30 million as of December 31, 2021, all of which were included in impaired and nonaccrual loans.

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TDRs are monitored and reported on a quarterly basis. Certain TDRs are on nonaccrual status at the time of restructuring. These borrowings are typically returned to accrual status after the following: sustained repayment performance in accordance with the restructuring agreement for a reasonable period of at least nine months; and, management is reasonably assured of future performance. If the TDR meets these performance criteria and the interest rate granted at the modification is equal to or greater than the rate that the Company was willing to accept at the time of the restructuring for a new loan with comparable risk, then the loan will return to performing status.

For TDRs that were on nonaccrual status before the modification, a specific reserve may already be recorded. In periods subsequent to modification, the Company will continue to evaluate all TDRs for possible impairment and, as necessary, recognize impairment through the allowance. No additional specific reserve was provided for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company had no charge-offs and $262 thousand of recoveries for TDRs for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company does not have material commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers with loans whose terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings or whose loans are on nonaccrual.

Loans past due 90 days or more that are still accruing interest are reviewed no less frequently than quarterly to determine if there continues to be a strong reason that the credit should not be placed on nonaccrual. As of March 31, 2022, nonaccrual loans totaled $12.5 million and there were no loans past due 90 days and still accruing. This compares to nonaccrual loans of $12.7 million and loans past due 90 days and still accruing totaled $169 thousand as of December 31, 2021. The decrease in nonaccrual loans is due primarily to payments received during the quarter. There was no real estate owned and $218 thousand as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The agricultural real estate and agricultural operating loan portfolio classifications remain elevated. The watch and special mention loans in these categories totaled $35.1 million as of March 31, 2022 as compared to $36.5 million as of December 31, 2021. The substandard and impaired loans in these categories totaled $6.7 million and $7.4 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The watch and special mention loans classified as commercial real estate totaled $79.4 million as of March 31, 2022 as compared to $102.2 million as of December 31, 2021. The substandard and impaired commercial real estate loans totaled $39.4 million and $31.8 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of outstanding loans as of March 31, 2022 was 1.44%, as compared to 1.43% at December 31, 2021. The allowance for loan losses totaled $16.5 million and $16.6 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. PPP loans are government guaranteed and the impact on the allowance for loan loss was not significant.

The allowance for loan losses is management’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Factors considered in establishing an appropriate allowance include: an assessment of the financial condition of the borrower, a realistic determination of value and adequacy of underlying collateral, the condition of the local economy and the condition of the specific industry of the borrower, an analysis of the levels and trends of loan categories and a review of delinquent and classified loans. The decrease in the allowance for loan losses is mainly due to a decline in loans outstanding from December 31, 2021. Additional increases in the allowance for loan losses are possible if the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic or high inflation levels negatively impact our loan portfolio. These increases may be due to increased charge-offs or an increase in the qualitative factors. The qualitative factors are considered as a part of our allowance for loan loss calculation and may deteriorate if economic conditions worsen.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity management is the process by which the Company, through its Banks’ Asset and Liability Committees (ALCO), ensures that adequate liquid funds are available to meet its financial commitments on a timely basis, at a reasonable cost and within acceptable risk tolerances. These commitments include funding credit obligations to borrowers, funding of mortgage originations pending delivery to the secondary market, withdrawals by depositors, maintaining adequate collateral for pledging for public funds, trust deposits and borrowings, paying dividends to shareholders, payment of operating expenses, funding capital expenditures and maintaining deposit reserve requirements.

Liquidity is derived primarily from core deposit growth and retention; principal and interest payments on loans; principal and interest payments, sale, maturity and prepayment of securities available-for-sale; net cash provided from operations; and access to other funding sources. Other funding sources include federal funds purchased lines, FHLB advances and other capital market sources.

As of March 31, 2022, the level of liquidity and capital resources of the Company remain at a satisfactory level. Management believes that the Company's liquidity sources will be sufficient to support its existing operations for the foreseeable future.

The liquidity and capital resources discussion will cover the following topics:

● | Review of the Company’s Current Liquidity Sources

● | Review of Statements of Cash Flows

● | Company Only Cash Flows

● | Review of Commitments for Capital Expenditures, Cash Flow Uncertainties and Known Trends in Liquidity and Cash Flows Needs

● | Capital Resources

Review of the Company’s Current Liquidity Sources

Liquid assets of cash on hand, balances due from other banks and interest-bearing deposits in financial institutions as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 totaled $148.3 million and $89.1 million, respectively, and management believes these sources provide an adequate level of liquidity given current economic conditions.

Other sources of liquidity available to the Banks as of March 31, 2022 include outstanding lines of credit with the FHLB of Des Moines, Iowa of $301.0 million, with no outstanding FHLB advances. The Company also has a $4 million line of credit with an unaffiliated bank, with no outstanding borrowings as of March 31, 2022. Federal funds borrowing capacity at correspondent banks was $102.2 million, with no outstanding federal fund purchase balances as of March 31, 2022. The Company had securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaling $39.9 million as of March 31, 2022.

Total investments as of March 31, 2022 were $823.9 million compared to $831.0 million as of December 31, 2021. These investments provide the Company with a significant amount of liquidity since all of the investments are classified as available-for-sale as of March 31, 2022.

The investment portfolio serves an important role in the overall context of balance sheet management in terms of balancing capital utilization and liquidity. The decision to purchase or sell securities is based upon the current assessment of economic and financial conditions, including the interest rate environment, liquidity and credit considerations. The portfolio’s scheduled maturities and payments represent a significant source of liquidity.

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Review of the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled $7.0 million compared to $9.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease of $2.4 million in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to lower net income and fewer net proceeds from loans held for sale.

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $24.3 million compared to $77.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease of $53.6 million in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to fewer purchases of investments.

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2022 totaled $76.6 million compared to $128.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The decrease in cash provided by financing activities of $51.6 million was primarily due to a lower increase in deposits between periods. As of March 31, 2022, the Company did not have any external debt financing, off-balance sheet financing arrangements, or derivative instruments linked to its stock.

Review of Company Only Cash Flows

The Company’s liquidity on an unconsolidated basis is heavily dependent upon dividends paid to the Company by the Banks. The Banks provide adequate liquidity to pay the Company’s expenses and stockholder dividends. Dividends paid by the Banks to the Company amounted to $2.5 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Various federal and state statutory provisions limit the amounts of dividends banking subsidiaries are permitted to pay to their holding companies without regulatory approval. Federal Reserve policy further limits the circumstances under which bank holding companies may declare dividends. For example, a bank holding company should not continue its existing rate of cash dividends on its common stock unless its net income is sufficient to fully fund each dividend and its prospective rate of earnings retention appears consistent with its capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. In addition, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC have issued policy statements, which provide that insured banks and bank holding companies should generally pay dividends only out of current operating earnings. Federal and state banking regulators may also restrict the payment of dividends by order.

The Company, on an unconsolidated basis, has interest-bearing deposits totaling $1.3 million as of March 31, 2022.

Review of Commitments for Capital Expenditures, Cash Flow Uncertainties and Known Trends in Liquidity and Cash Flows Needs

On April 16, 2021, the Company entered into a commitment with a contractor to build a new branch in West Des Moines, Iowa for $1.7 million. The Company has $406 thousand of the commitment remaining at March 31, 2022. No other material capital expenditures or material changes in the capital resource mix are anticipated at this time. The primary cash flow uncertainty would be a sudden decline in deposits causing the Banks to liquidate securities. Historically, the Banks have maintained an adequate level of short-term marketable investments to fund the temporary declines in deposit balances. There are no known trends in liquidity and cash flow needs as of March 31, 2022 that are of concern to management.

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Capital Resources

The Company’s total stockholders’ equity as of March 31, 2022 totaled $176.7 million and was $31.1 million less than the $207.8 million recorded as of December 31, 2021. The decrease in stockholders’ equity was primarily the result of an increase in unrealized losses on the investment portfolio, offset in part by the retention of net income in excess of dividends. At March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, stockholders’ equity as a percentage of total assets was 8.1% and 9.7%, respectively. The capital levels of the Company exceed applicable regulatory guidelines as of March 31, 2022.

Forward-Looking Statements and Business Risks

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides the Company with the opportunity to make cautionary statements regarding forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report, including forward-looking statements concerning the Company’s future financial performance and asset quality. Any forward-looking statement contained in this Quarterly Report is based on management’s current beliefs, assumptions and expectations of the Company’s future performance, taking into account all information currently available to management. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to management. If a change occurs, the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, asset quality, plans and objectives may vary materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. The risks and uncertainties that may affect the actual results of the Company include, but are not limited to, the following: the substantial negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on national, regional and local economies in general and on our customers in particular; competitive products and pricing available in the marketplace; changes in credit and other risks posed by the Company’s loan and investment portfolios, including declines in commercial or residential real estate values or changes in the allowance for loan losses resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic or as dictated by new market conditions or regulatory requirements; fiscal and monetary policies of the U.S. government; changes in governmental regulations affecting financial institutions (including regulatory fees and capital requirements); changes in prevailing interest rates; credit risk management and asset/liability management; the financial and securities markets; the availability of and cost associated with sources of liquidity; and other risks and uncertainties inherent in the Company’s business, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K. Management intends to identify forward-looking statements when using words such as “believe”, “expect”, “intend”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “should”, “forecasting” or similar expressions. Undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to revise or update such forward-looking statements to reflect current events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The Company's market risk is comprised primarily of interest rate risk arising from its core banking activities of lending and deposit taking. Interest rate risk results from the changes in market interest rates which may adversely affect the Company's net interest income. Management continually develops and applies strategies to mitigate this risk. Management does not believe that the Company's primary market risk exposure and how it has been managed year-to-date in 2022 changed significantly when compared to 2021. Uncertainty due to the federal governmental actions stemming from reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic, may cause market interest rates to deviate from historical norms.

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Item 4. | Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms.

There was no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company's last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

Not applicable

Item 1.A. | Risk Factors

Management does not believe there have been any material changes in the risk factors that were disclosed in the Company's Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 11, 2022.

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Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

In November, 2021, the Company approved a Stock Repurchase Plan which provided for the repurchase of up to 100,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of March 31, 2022, there were 100,000 shares remaining to be purchased under the plan.

The following table provides information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchases” (as defined in rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Number |  |  | Maximum |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | of Shares |  |  | Number of |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Purchased as |  |  | Shares that |
|  | Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | Part of |  |  | May Yet Be |
|  | Number |  |  | Average |  |  | Publicly |  |  | Purchased |
|  | of Shares |  |  | Price Paid |  |  | Announced |  |  | Under |
Period |  | Purchased |  |  | Per Share |  |  | Plans |  |  | The Plan |
January 1, 2022 to January 31, 2022 |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 100,000 |
February 1, 2022 to February 28, 2022 |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 100,000 |
March 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022 |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 100,000 |
Total |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |

Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable

Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. | Other information

Not applicable

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Item 6. | Exhibits

31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

32.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document (1)

101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)

101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)

101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)

101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (1)

101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)

104 | Cover page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and combined in Exhibit 101.1)

(1) These interactive date files shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to liability under those sections.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| AMES NATIONAL CORPORATION
DATE: May 6, 2022 | By: /s/ John P. Nelson
| John P. Nelson, Chief Executive Officer and President
| By: /s/ John L. Pierschbacher
| John L. Pierschbacher, Chief Financial Officer

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