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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended: March 28, 2021
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 001-14543
____________________________________
TrueBlue, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
______________________________________

| Washington |  | 91-1287341 |
| (State of incorporation) |  | (I.R.S. employer identification no.) |

1015 A Street, Tacoma, Washington 98402
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (253) 383-9101
______________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value | TBI | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☒ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |
Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 12, 2021, there were 35,471,339 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

TrueBlue, Inc.
Table of Contents

|  | Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Consolidated financial statements (unaudited) | 3
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 5
| Notes to consolidated financial statements | 6
Item 2. | Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations | 14
Item 3. | Quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk | 27
Item 4. | Controls and procedures | 27
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal proceedings | 28
Item 1A. | Risk factors | 28
Item 2. | Unregistered sales of equity securities and use of proceeds | 36
Item 3. | Defaults upon senior securities | 36
Item 4. | Mine safety disclosures | 36
Item 5. | Other information | 36
Item 6. | Index to exhibits | 37
| Signatures | 38

Page - 2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. | CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

TRUEBLUE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited)

(in thousands, except par value data) | March 28, 2021 | December 27, 2020
ASSETS |  |
Current assets: |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 88,006 |  | $ | 62,507 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $2,462 and $2,921 | 260,108 |  | 278,343 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 29,436 |  | 26,137 |
Income tax receivable | 6,461 |  | 11,898 |
Total current assets | 384,011 |  | 378,885 |
Property and equipment, net | 76,109 |  | 71,734 |
Restricted cash and investments | 231,178 |  | 240,534 |
Deferred income taxes, net | 35,058 |  | 30,019 |
Goodwill | 94,937 |  | 94,873 |
Intangible assets, net | 27,101 |  | 28,929 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 60,101 |  | 65,940 |
Workers’ compensation claims receivable, net | 53,547 |  | 52,934 |
Other assets, net | 17,395 |  | 16,729 |
Total assets | $ | 979,437 |  | $ | 980,577 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |
Current liabilities: |  |
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses | $ | 48,168 |  | $ | 58,447 |
Accrued wages and benefits | 126,906 |  | 122,657 |
Current portion of workers’ compensation claims reserve | 62,005 |  | 66,007 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 13,308 |  | 13,938 |
Other current liabilities | 8,102 |  | 7,918 |
Total current liabilities | 258,489 |  | 268,967 |
Workers’ compensation claims reserve, less current portion | 191,989 |  | 189,486 |
Long-term deferred compensation liabilities | 26,470 |  | 26,361 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities | 53,657 |  | 54,797 |
Other long-term liabilities | 3,205 |  | 3,776 |
Total liabilities | 533,810 |  | 543,387 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6) |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |
Preferred stock, $0.131 par value, 20,000 shares authorized; No shares issued and outstanding | — |  | — |
Common stock, no par value, 100,000 shares authorized; 35,474 and 35,493 shares issued and outstanding | 1 |  | 1 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (14,332) |  | (14,828) |
Retained earnings | 459,958 |  | 452,017 |
Total shareholders’ equity | 445,627 |  | 437,190 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 979,437 |  | $ | 980,577 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

Page - 3

Table of Contents
TRUEBLUE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(unaudited)

| Thirteen weeks ended |  |
(in thousands, except per share data) | March 28, 2021 | March 29, 2020 |  |  |
Revenue from services | $ | 458,706 |  | $ | 494,252 |  |  |  |
Cost of services | 348,132 |  | 368,093 |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 110,574 |  | 126,159 |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative expense | 97,401 |  | 117,381 |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 6,962 |  | 9,094 |  |  |  |
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge | — |  | 175,189 |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from operations | 6,211 |  | (175,505) |  |  |  |
Interest expense and other income, net | 575 |  | 263 |  |  |  |
Income (loss) before tax expense (benefit) | 6,786 |  | (175,242) |  |  |  |
Income tax benefit | (112) |  | (24,748) |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 6,898 |  | $ | (150,494) |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.20 |  | $ | (4.04) |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 0.20 |  | $ | (4.04) |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 34,674 |  | 37,255 |  |  |  |
Diluted | 35,066 |  | 37,255 |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | $ | 496 |  | $ | (6,625) |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 7,394 |  | $ | (157,119) |  |  |  |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

Page - 4

Table of Contents
TRUEBLUE, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited)

| Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands) | March 28, 2021 | March 29, 2020
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 6,898 |  | $ | (150,494) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 6,962 |  | 9,094 |
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge | — |  | 175,189 |
Allowance for credit losses | 207 |  | 3,289 |
Stock-based compensation | 3,343 |  | 1,508 |
Deferred income taxes | (5,002) |  | (23,432) |
Non-cash lease expense | 3,920 |  | 3,763 |
Other operating activities | (438) |  | 5,375 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |
Accounts receivable | 18,025 |  | 45,407 |
Income tax receivable | 4,910 |  | 435 |
Operating lease right-of-use asset | 3,501 |  | — |
Other assets | (4,578) |  | 5,958 |
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses | (9,633) |  | (28,443) |
Accrued wages and benefits | 4,249 |  | (11,733) |
Workers’ compensation claims reserve | (1,499) |  | (2,163) |
Operating lease liabilities | (3,320) |  | (3,811) |
Other liabilities | 338 |  | (2,334) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 27,883 |  | 27,608 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |
Capital expenditures | (10,003) |  | (7,028) |
Purchases of restricted available-for-sale investments | (14) |  | (1,149) |
Sales of restricted available-for-sale investments | 452 |  | 1,269 |
Maturities of restricted held-to-maturity investments | 6,371 |  | 6,168 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (3,194) |  | (740) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |
Purchases and retirement of common stock | — |  | (52,348) |
Net proceeds from employee stock purchase plans | 255 |  | 323 |
Common stock repurchases for taxes upon vesting of restricted stock | (2,555) |  | (1,792) |
Net change in revolving credit facility | — |  | 256,400 |
Other | (94) |  | (508) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (2,394) |  | 202,075 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 262 |  | (1,738) |
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 22,557 |  | 227,205 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | 118,612 |  | 92,371 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | 141,169 |  | $ | 319,576 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |
Cash paid (received) during the period for: |  |
Interest | $ | 477 |  | $ | 394 |
Income taxes | (20) |  | (1,751) |
Operating lease liabilities | 4,142 |  | 4,440 |
Non-cash transactions: |  |
Property and equipment purchased but not yet paid | 702 |  | 322 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | 1,453 |  | 2,422 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

Page - 5

Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

NOTE 1: SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Financial statement preparation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements (“financial statements”) of TrueBlue, Inc. (the “company,” “TrueBlue,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial information. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures usually found in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The financial statements reflect all adjustments which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to fairly state the financial statements for the interim periods presented. We follow the same accounting policies for preparing both quarterly and annual financial statements.
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The severity, magnitude and duration, as well as the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, are uncertain, rapidly changing and difficult to predict. Therefore, our accounting estimates and assumptions might change materially in future periods.
These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2020. The results of operations for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year nor for any other fiscal period.
Reclassifications
Certain previously reported immaterial prior year amounts have been reclassified within current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets to conform to current year presentation.
Recently adopted accounting standards
There were no new accounting pronouncements adopted during the period that had an impact on our financial statements.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
There are no accounting pronouncements which have not yet been adopted that are expected to have a significant impact on our financial statements and related disclosures.
NOTE 2: FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
Our assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following:

| March 28, 2021
(in thousands) | Total fair value | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (level 1) | Significant other observable inputs (level 2) | Significant unobservable inputs (level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 88,006 |  | $ | 88,006 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 53,163 |  | 53,163 |  | — |  | — |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (1) | $ | 141,169 |  | $ | 141,169 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Municipal debt securities | $ | 68,720 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 68,720 |  | $ | — |
Corporate debt securities | 79,754 |  | — |  | 79,754 |  | — |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 365 |  | — |  | 365 |  | — |
U.S. government and agency securities | 1,097 |  | — |  | 1,097 |  | — |
Restricted investments classified as held-to-maturity (2) | $ | 149,936 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 149,936 |  | $ | — |
Deferred compensation investments (3) | $ | 5,821 |  | $ | 5,821 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |

Page - 6

Table of Contents

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

| December 27, 2020
(in thousands) | Total fair value | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (level 1) | Significant other observable inputs (level 2) | Significant unobservable inputs (level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 62,507 |  | $ | 62,507 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 56,105 |  | 56,105 |  | — |  | — |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (1) | $ | 118,612 |  | $ | 118,612 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Municipal debt securities | $ | 70,723 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 70,723 |  | $ | — |
Corporate debt securities | 85,937 |  | — |  | 85,937 |  | — |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 512 |  | — |  | 512 |  | — |
U.S. government and agency securities | 1,124 |  | — |  | 1,124 |  | — |
Restricted investments classified as held-to-maturity (2) | $ | 158,296 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 158,296 |  | $ | — |
Deferred compensation investments (3) | $ | 5,915 |  | $ | 5,915 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |

(1)Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash include money market funds and deposits.
(2)Refer to Note 3: Restricted Cash and Investments for additional details on our held-to-maturity debt securities.
(3)Deferred compensation investments consist of mutual funds and money market funds. Refer to Note 3: Restricted Cash and Investments for additional details on these investments.
NOTE 3: RESTRICTED CASH AND INVESTMENTS
The following is a summary of the carrying value of our restricted cash and investments:

(in thousands) | March 28, 2021 | December 27, 2020
Cash collateral held by insurance carriers | $ | 26,745 |  | $ | 26,025 |
Cash and cash equivalents held in Trust | 25,586 |  | 29,410 |
Investments held in Trust | 145,244 |  | 152,247 |
Deferred compensation investments | 5,821 |  | 5,915 |
Company owned life insurance policies | 26,950 |  | 26,267 |
Other restricted cash and cash equivalents | 832 |  | 670 |
Total restricted cash and investments | $ | 231,178 |  | $ | 240,534 |

Held-to-maturity
Restricted cash and investments include collateral that has been provided or pledged to insurance carriers for workers’ compensation and state workers’ compensation programs. Our insurance carriers and certain state workers’ compensation programs require us to collateralize a portion of our workers’ compensation obligation. The collateral typically takes the form of cash and cash equivalents and highly rated investment grade securities, primarily in debt and asset-backed securities. The majority of our collateral obligations are held in a trust at the Bank of New York Mellon (“Trust”).
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of our held-to-maturity investments held in Trust, aggregated by investment category as of March 28, 2021 and December 27, 2020, were as follows:

| March 28, 2021
(in thousands) | Amortized cost | Gross unrealized gains | Gross unrealized losses | Fair value
Municipal debt securities | $ | 65,840 |  | $ | 2,880 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 68,720 |
Corporate debt securities | 78,056 |  | 1,974 |  | (276) |  | 79,754 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 351 |  | 14 |  | — |  | 365 |
U.S. government and agency securities | 997 |  | 100 |  | — |  | 1,097 |
Total held-to-maturity investments | $ | 145,244 |  | $ | 4,968 |  | $ | (276) |  | $ | 149,936 |

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| December 27, 2020
(in thousands) | Amortized cost | Gross unrealized gains | Gross unrealized losses | Fair value
Municipal debt securities | $ | 67,287 |  | $ | 3,436 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 70,723 |
Corporate debt securities | 83,467 |  | 2,511 |  | (41) |  | 85,937 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities | 493 |  | 19 |  | — |  | 512 |
U.S. government and agency securities | 1,000 |  | 124 |  | — |  | 1,124 |
Total held-to-maturity investments | $ | 152,247 |  | $ | 6,090 |  | $ | (41) |  | $ | 158,296 |

The amortized cost and fair value by contractual maturity of our held-to-maturity investments are as follows:

| March 28, 2021
(in thousands) | Amortized cost | Fair value
Due in one year or less | $ | 22,519 |  | $ | 22,675 |
Due after one year through five years | 109,541 |  | 113,285 |
Due after five years through ten years | 13,184 |  | 13,976 |
Total held-to-maturity investments | $ | 145,244 |  | $ | 149,936 |

Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of certain debt securities have the right to call or prepay their obligations without penalty. We have no significant concentrations of counterparties in our held-to-maturity investment portfolio.
Deferred compensation investments and company owned life insurance policies
We hold mutual funds, money market funds and company owned life insurance policies to support our deferred compensation liability. Unrealized gains and losses related to these investments still held at March 28, 2021 and March 29, 2020, included in selling general and administrative expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), were as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands) |  |  |  | March 28, 2021 | March 29, 2020
Unrealized gains (losses) |  |  |  | $ | 877 |  | $ | (4,841) |

NOTE 4: SUPPLEMENTAL BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
Accounts receivable allowance
The activity related to the allowance for accounts receivable was as follows:

| Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands) | March 28, 2021 | March 29, 2020
Beginning balance | $ | 2,921 |  | $ | 4,288 |
Cumulative-effect adjustment (1) | — |  | 524 |
Current period provision | 207 |  | 3,289 |
Write-offs | (669) |  | (1,699) |
Foreign currency translation | 3 |  | (23) |
Ending balance | $ | 2,462 |  | $ | 6,379 |

(1)As a result of our adoption of the accounting standard for credit losses, we recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to our account receivable allowance of $0.5 million as of the beginning of the first quarter of 2020.

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Prepaid expenses and other current assets

(in thousands) | March 28, 2021 | December 27, 2020
Prepaid software agreements | $ | 9,637 |  | $ | 8,643 |
Other prepaid expenses | 9,105 |  | 8,631 |
Other current assets | 10,694 |  | 8,863 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 29,436 |  | $ | 26,137 |

Accrued wages and benefits

(in thousands) | March 28, 2021 | December 27, 2020
Deferred employer payroll tax | $ | 58,230 |  | $ | 55,420 |
Other accrued wages and benefits | 68,676 |  | 67,237 |
Accrued wages and benefits | $ | 126,906 |  | $ | 122,657 |

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, which among other things, provided employer payroll tax credits for wages paid to employees who were unable to work during the COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, we were allowed to delay payments for the employer portion of social security taxes (6.2% of taxable wages) incurred between March 27, 2020 and December 31, 2020, for both our temporary associates and permanent employees. We anticipate the deferred amount will be paid by September 15, 2021.
NOTE 5: WORKERS’ COMPENSATION INSURANCE AND RESERVES
We provide workers’ compensation insurance for our associates and permanent employees. The majority of our current workers’ compensation insurance policies cover claims for a particular event above a $2.0 million deductible limit, on a “per occurrence” basis. This results in our being substantially self-insured.
Our workers’ compensation reserve for claims below the deductible limit is discounted to its estimated net present value using discount rates based on average returns of “risk-free” U.S. Treasury instruments available during the year in which the liability was incurred. The weighted average discount rate was 1.7% and 1.8% at March 28, 2021 and December 27, 2020, respectively. Payments made against self-insured claims are made over a weighted average period of approximately 5.5 years as of March 28, 2021.
The following table presents a reconciliation of the undiscounted workers’ compensation reserve to the discounted workers’ compensation reserve for the periods presented:

(in thousands) | March 28, 2021 | December 27, 2020
Undiscounted workers’ compensation reserve | $ | 271,593 |  | $ | 273,502 |
Less discount on workers’ compensation reserve | 17,599 |  | 18,009 |
Workers’ compensation reserve, net of discount | 253,994 |  | 255,493 |
Less current portion | 62,005 |  | 66,007 |
Long-term portion | $ | 191,989 |  | $ | 189,486 |

Payments made against self-insured claims were $11.2 million and $14.6 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021 and March 29, 2020, respectively.
Our workers’ compensation reserve includes estimated expenses related to claims above our self-insured limits (“excess claims”), and we record a corresponding receivable for the insurance coverage on excess claims based on the contractual policy agreements we have with insurance carriers. We discount this reserve and corresponding receivable to its estimated net present value using the discount rates based on average returns of “risk-free” U.S. Treasury instruments available during the year in which the liability was incurred. At March 28, 2021 and December 27, 2020, the weighted average rate was 1.2% and 1.3%, respectively. The claim payments are made and the corresponding reimbursements from our insurance carriers are received over an estimated weighted average period of approximately 17 years. The discounted workers’ compensation reserve for excess claims was $54.6 million and $54.0 million, and the corresponding gross receivable for the insurance on excess claims was $53.6 million and $52.9 million as of March 28, 2021 and December 27, 2020, respectively.

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Workers’ compensation cost consists primarily of changes in self-insurance reserves net of changes in discount, monopolistic jurisdictions’ premiums, insurance premiums and other miscellaneous expenses. Workers’ compensation cost of $10.1 million and $14.3 million was recorded in cost of services on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021 and March 29, 2020, respectively.
NOTE 6: COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Workers’ compensation commitments
We have provided our insurance carriers and certain states with commitments in the form and amounts listed below:

(in thousands) | March 28, 2021 | December 27, 2020
Cash collateral held by workers’ compensation insurance carriers | $ | 22,434 |  | $ | 22,253 |
Cash and cash equivalents held in Trust | 25,586 |  | 29,410 |
Investments held in Trust | 145,244 |  | 152,247 |
Letters of credit (1) | 6,095 |  | 6,095 |
Surety bonds (2) | 20,831 |  | 20,616 |
Total collateral commitments | $ | 220,190 |  | $ | 230,621 |

(1)We have agreements with certain financial institutions to issue letters of credit as collateral.
(2)Our surety bonds are issued by independent insurance companies on our behalf and bear annual fees based on a percentage of the bond, which are determined by each independent surety carrier. These fees do not exceed 2.0% of the bond amount, subject to a minimum charge. The terms of these bonds are subject to review and renewal every one to four years and most bonds can be canceled by the sureties with as little as 60 days’ notice.
Legal contingencies and developments
We are involved in various proceedings arising in the normal course of conducting business. We believe the liabilities included in our financial statements reflect the probable loss that can be reasonably estimated. The amounts recorded are immaterial and resolution of those proceedings are not expected to have a material effect on our results of operations, financial condition nor cash flows.

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NOTE 7: SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Changes in the balance of each component of shareholders’ equity during the reporting periods were as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands) |  |  |  | March 28, 2021 | March 29, 2020
Common stock shares |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  |  |  | 35,493 |  | 38,593 |
Purchases and retirement of common stock |  |  |  | — |  | (2,930) |
Net issuance under equity plans, including tax benefits |  |  |  | (23) |  | 415 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  | 4 |  | 50 |
Ending balance |  |  |  | 35,474 |  | 36,128 |
Common stock amount |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | 1 |
Current period activity |  |  |  | — |  | — |
Ending balance |  |  |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  |  |  | 452,017 |  | 639,210 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  | 6,898 |  | (150,494) |
Purchases and retirement of common stock (1) |  |  |  | — |  | (52,346) |
Net issuance under equity plans, including tax benefits |  |  |  | (2,300) |  | (1,471) |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  | 3,343 |  | 1,507 |
Change in accounting standard cumulative-effect adjustment (2) |  |  |  | — |  | (602) |
Ending balance |  |  |  | 459,958 |  | 435,804 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance, net of tax |  |  |  | (14,828) |  | (13,238) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  |  | 496 |  | (6,625) |
Ending balance, net of tax |  |  |  | (14,332) |  | (19,863) |
Total shareholders’ equity ending balance |  |  |  | $ | 445,627 |  | $ | 415,942 |

(1)Under applicable Washington State law, shares purchased are not displayed separately as treasury stock on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and are treated as authorized but unissued shares. It is our accounting policy to first record these purchases as a reduction to our common stock account. Once the common stock account has been reduced to a nominal balance, remaining purchases are recorded as a reduction to our retained earnings. Furthermore, activity in our common stock account related to stock-based compensation is also recorded to retained earnings until such time as the reduction to retained earnings due to stock repurchases has been recovered.
(2)As a result of our adoption of the accounting standard for credit losses, we recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of $0.6 million in the first quarter of 2020.
NOTE 8: INCOME TAXES
Our income tax provision or benefit for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate and, if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment. Our quarterly tax provision and quarterly estimate of our annual effective tax rate are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our full year pre-tax income and loss by jurisdiction, tax credits, government audit developments, changes in laws, regulations and administrative practices, and relative changes in expenses or losses for which tax benefits are not recognized. Additionally, our effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income. For example, the impact of discrete items, tax credits, and non-deductible expenses on our effective tax rate is greater when our pre-tax income is lower.
Our effective tax rate benefit for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021 was 1.7%. The difference between the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% and our effective income tax rate results primarily from the federal Work Opportunity Tax Credit (“WOTC”). WOTC is designed to encourage employers to hire workers from certain targeted groups with higher than

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average unemployment rates. Other differences between the statutory federal income tax rate result from state and foreign income taxes, certain non-deductible and non-taxable items, and tax effects of stock-based compensation.
NOTE 9: NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE
Diluted common shares were calculated as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except per share data) |  |  |  | March 28, 2021 | March 29, 2020
Net income (loss) |  |  |  | $ | 6,898 |  | $ | (150,494) |
Weighted average number of common shares used in basic net income (loss) per common share |  |  |  | 34,674 |  | 37,255 |
Dilutive effect of non-vested restricted stock |  |  |  | 392 |  | — |
Weighted average number of common shares used in diluted net income (loss) per common share |  |  |  | 35,066 |  | 37,255 |
Net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  | $ | 0.20 |  | $ | (4.04) |
Diluted |  |  |  | $ | 0.20 |  | $ | (4.04) |
Anti-dilutive shares |  |  |  | 345 |  | 602 |

NOTE 10: SEGMENT INFORMATION
Our operating segments and reportable segments are described below:
Our PeopleReady reportable segment provides blue-collar, contingent staffing through the PeopleReady operating segment. PeopleReady provides on-demand and skilled labor in a broad range of industries that include construction, manufacturing and logistics, warehousing and distribution, retail, waste and recycling, energy, hospitality, and general labor.
Our PeopleManagement reportable segment provides contingent labor and outsourced industrial workforce solutions, primarily on-site at the client’s facility, through the following operating segments, which we have aggregated into one reportable segment in accordance with U.S. GAAP:
•On-Site: On-site management and recruitment for the contingent industrial workforce of manufacturing, warehouse, and distribution facilities; and
•Centerline: Recruitment and management of contingent and dedicated commercial drivers to the transportation and distribution industries.
Our PeopleScout reportable segment provides high-volume, permanent employee recruitment process outsourcing, employer branding services and management of outsourced labor service providers through the following operating segments, which we have aggregated into one reportable segment in accordance with U.S. GAAP:
•PeopleScout RPO: Outsourced recruitment of permanent employees on behalf of clients and employer branding services; and
•PeopleScout MSP: Management of multiple third-party staffing vendors on behalf of clients.
The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by major source and segment and a reconciliation of segment revenue from services to total company revenue:

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|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands) |  |  |  | March 28, 2021 | March 29, 2020
Revenue from services: |  |  |  |  |
Contingent staffing |  |  |  |  |
PeopleReady |  |  |  | $ | 260,392 |  | $ | 299,294 |
PeopleManagement |  |  |  | 151,754 |  | 141,614 |
Human resource outsourcing |  |  |  |  |
PeopleScout |  |  |  | 46,560 |  | 53,344 |
Total company |  |  |  | $ | 458,706 |  | $ | 494,252 |

The following table presents a reconciliation of segment profit to income (loss) before tax expense (benefit):

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands) |  |  |  | March 28, 2021 | March 29, 2020
Segment profit (loss): |  |  |  |  |
PeopleReady |  |  |  | $ | 11,860 |  | $ | 7,655 |
PeopleManagement |  |  |  | 3,116 |  | (314) |
PeopleScout |  |  |  | 4,037 |  | 2,508 |
Total segment profit |  |  |  | 19,013 |  | 9,849 |
Corporate unallocated |  |  |  | (5,619) |  | (5,209) |
Work Opportunity Tax Credit processing fees |  |  |  | (135) |  | (135) |
Amortization of software as a service assets |  |  |  | (673) |  | (552) |
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge |  |  |  | — |  | (175,189) |
Workforce reduction costs |  |  |  | (70) |  | (1,308) |
COVID-19 government subsidies, net |  |  |  | 1,743 |  | — |
Other benefits (costs) |  |  |  | (1,086) |  | 6,133 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  | (6,962) |  | (9,094) |
Income (loss) from operations |  |  |  | 6,211 |  | (175,505) |
Interest expense and other income, net |  |  |  | 575 |  | 263 |
Income (loss) before tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  | $ | 6,786 |  | $ | (175,242) |

Asset information by reportable segment is not presented since we do not manage our segments on a balance sheet basis.

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Item 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

COMMENT ON FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this Form 10-Q, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, the impact of and our ongoing response to COVID-19, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, and future events and circumstances could differ significantly from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “goal,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements, including the risks and uncertainties described in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and results of Operations” (Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q),“Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” (Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-Q), and “Risk Factors” (Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q). We undertake no duty to update or revise publicly any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this report or to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise.
OVERVIEW
TrueBlue, Inc. (the “company,” “TrueBlue,” “we,” “us” and “our”) is a leading provider of specialized workforce solutions that help our clients achieve business growth and improve productivity . Our operations are managed as three business segments: PeopleReady, PeopleManagement and PeopleScout. Our PeopleReady segment offers on-demand, industrial staffing; our PeopleManagement segment offers contingent, on-site industrial staffing and commercial driver services; and our PeopleScout segment offers recruitment process outsourcing (“RPO”) and managed service provider (“MSP”) solutions. See Note 10: Segment Information, to our consolidated financial statements found in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for additional details on our operating segments and reportable segments.
The COVID-19 pandemic
Since early 2020, the coronavirus (“COVID-19”) outbreak, characterized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, has caused significant economic disruptions globally. Throughout the pandemic, our business has remained open and we have continued to provide key services to essential businesses and other businesses as COVID-19 restrictions were lifted. Nevertheless, the preventative measures and individual precautions taken to help curb the spread of COVID-19, and the resulting negative impact on economic activity, continue to have an adverse impact on client demand for our services, availability of qualified associates and our business results. In early 2020, we implemented comprehensive measures across our businesses to keep our associates, employees and clients healthy and safe. We remain committed to prioritizing the health and well-being of our associates, employees and clients. Our employees and management team have successfully operated the business with our work-from-home arrangements. We have no plans to return to our support center offices prior to the Fall of 2021. Thereafter, the timing and phased reentry plans will vary by location and employee.
In December 2020, two COVID-19 vaccines were approved for emergency use by the Food and Drug Administration to be administered in the United States (“U.S.”) and since then an additional vaccine has been approved. While initial quantities of the vaccines were limited, the speed of vaccinations throughout the first quarter exceeded initial governmental targets. While the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic continue to negatively impact our results and year-over-year comparisons, we are seeing improving volumes from existing clients, including clients in industries that were d isproportionately impacted by COVID-19, such as travel and leisure, as well as encouraging new business wins. In addition, our focus on efficiently managing costs while ensuring we continue to invest in digital strategies and sales resources has allowed us to accelerate our strategic priorities and emerge stronger as the economy begins to shift back to growth.
Our strong balance sheet and operational flexibility have helped us successfully manage through the ongoing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic to date while protecting our cash flow and liquidity. We continue to evaluate the nature and extent of changes to the market and economic conditions related to the COVID-19 pandemic and will assess the potential impact on our business and financial position. We expect that the pandemic will continue to have an adverse effect on our results, although the magnitude, duration and full effects of the pandemic are difficult to predict at this time. For additional discussion on the uncertainties and business risks associated with COVID-19, refer to “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q.

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First quarter of 2021 highlights
Revenue from services
Total company revenue declined 7.2% to $458.7 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. The decline was due to reduced client demand for our services primarily associated with the continued negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Revenue trends have improved compared to the fiscal fourth quarter of 2020, which had revenue declines of 12.3%, compared to the same period in the prior year. This improvement is primarily driven by improving volumes from existing clients, including clients in industries that were d isproportionately impacted by COVID-19, as well as n ew business wins.
PeopleReady, our largest segment, experienced a revenue decline of 13.0% for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. PeopleReady provides a wide range of staffing solutions for on-demand contingent general and skilled labor. PeopleReady has seen improved demand for contingent labor, but the supply of workers is a challenge in certain markets, which we believe is temporarily impacted by stimulus checks and elevated federal unemployment benefits, which are set to expire on September 6, 2021. PeopleManagement, our lowest margin segment, experienced revenue growth of 7.2% for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. PeopleManagement supplies an outsourced workforce that involves multi-year, multi-million dollar on-site and driver relationships. These types of client engagements are often more resilient in an economic downturn. PeopleScout, our highest margin segment, experienced a revenue decline of 12.7% for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. PeopleScout has a large number of clients in industries that were d isproportionately impacted by COVID-19 and, while volumes are improving, these industries continued to be disproportionately impacted by COVID-19 during the fiscal first quarter of 2021.
Gross profit margin
Total company gross profit as a percentage of revenue for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021 decreased by 140 basis points to 24.1%, compared to 25.5% for the same period in the prior year. Our staffing businesses contributed 150 basis points of compression, with 130 basis points from a non-recurring benefit in the prior year related to a reduction in expected costs to comply with the Affordable Care Act. The remaining 20 basis points of compression from our staffing business was driven by a 90 basis point compression due to the differential between amounts billed to clients and paid to associates (“bill pay spreads”), offset by a benefit of 70 basis points due to lower workers’ compensation expense as a result of a reduction to reserves largely associated with favorable patterns in claim development. Our PeopleScout business helped offset overall margin compression with an approximate 10 basis point expansion.
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense
Total company SG&A expense decreased by $20.0 million to $97.4 million, or 21.2% of revenue for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to $117.4 million, or 23.7% of revenue for the same period in the prior year. We took steps during fiscal 2020 to reduce SG&A expense while preserving our operational strengths, to ensure the business is well-positioned for growth as economic conditions improve. The decrease in SG&A expense benefited from $1.4 million of employee retention subsidies made available under the temporary Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy during the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021.
Income from operations
Total company income from operations was $6.2 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to a loss from operations of $175.5 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in income from operations was primarily due to a goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge of $175.2 million recorded in the fiscal first quarter of 2020. The charge was a result of the adverse impact on expected future cash flows related to the state of the economy at the time and the expected impact of COVID-19 on our business. The remaining increase was driven by improving revenue trends led by improving industry performance, including those disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, a series of new client wins, and disciplined cost management.
Net income
Net income was $6.9 million, or $0.20 per diluted share for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to a net loss of $150.5 million, or $4.04 per diluted share, which included a non-cash impairment charge of $151.9 million, net of tax, for the same period in the prior year. Net income for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021 includes a nominal income tax benefit as a result of the federal Work Opportunity Tax Credit (“WOTC”) more than offsetting income tax expense. This resulted in an effective tax rate benefit of 1.7% for the period. WOTC is designed to encourage employers to hire associates from certain

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targeted groups with higher than average unemployment rates. The net loss for the thirteen weeks ended March 29, 2020 included an income tax benefit of $24.7 million, $21.8 million of which was due to the goodwill and intangible asset impairment, resulting in an effective tax rate benefit of 14.1%.
Additional highlights
We continue to focus on capital management. As of March 28, 2021, we are in a strong financial position with cash and cash equivalents of $88.0 million, no outstanding debt and $150.0 million available under the most restrictive covenant of our Revolving Credit Facility for total liquidity of $238.0 million.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
We report our business as three reportable segments described below and in Note 10: Segment Information, to our consolidated financial statements found in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
•PeopleReady provides access to qualified associates through a wide range of staffing solutions for on-demand contingent general and skilled labor. PeopleReady connects people with work in a broad range of industries that include construction, manufacturing and logistics, warehousing and distribution, waste and recycling, energy, retail and hospitality. As of December 27, 2020, we had a network of 629 branches across all 50 states, Canada and Puerto Rico. Complementing our branch network is our industry-leading mobile app, JobStack TM, which connects people with work 24/7. This creates a virtual exchange between our associates and clients, and allows our branch resources to expand their recruiting, sales and service delivery efforts. JobStack is competitively differentiating our services, expanding our reach into new demographics, and improving our service delivery and work order fill rates, as we embrace a digital future.
•PeopleManagement provides recruitment and on-site management of a facility’s contingent industrial workforce throughout the U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico. In comparison with PeopleReady, services are larger in scale and longer in duration, and dedicated service teams are located at the client’s facility. We provide scalable solutions to meet the volume requirements of labor-intensive manufacturing, distribution and fulfillment facilities. Our dedicated service teams work closely with on-site management as an integral part of the production and logistics process, managing all or a subset of the contingent labor for a facility or operational function. Our on-site staffing solutions provide large-scale sourcing, screening, recruiting and management of the contingent workforce at a client’s facility in order to achieve faster hiring, lower total workforce cost, increase safety and compliance, improve retention, create greater volume flexibility, and enhance strategic decision-making through robust reporting and analytics. Our On-Site business includes our Staff Management | SMX and SIMOS Insourcing Solutions branded service offerings, which provide hourly and productivity-based (cost per unit) pricing options for industrial staffing solutions. Client contracts are generally multi-year in duration. The productivity-based pricing leverages a strategically engineered on-site solution to incentivize performance improvements in cost, quality and on-time delivery using a fixed price-per-unit approach. Both hourly and productivity-based pricing are impacted by factors such as geography, volume, job type, and degree of recruiting difficulty.
PeopleManagement also provides dedicated and contingent commercial truck drivers to the transportation and distribution industries through our Centerline Drivers (“Centerline”) brand. Centerline delivers drivers specifically matched to each client’s needs, allowing them to improve productivity, control costs, ensure compliance, and deliver improved service.
•PeopleScout offers RPO and MSP solutions to a wide variety of industries and geographies, primarily in the U.S., Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia. PeopleScout provides RPO services that manage talent solutions spanning the global economy and talent advisory capabilities supporting total workforce needs. We are recognized as an industry leader for RPO services. Our solution is highly scalable and flexible, which allows for outsourcing of all or a subset of skill categories across a series of recruitment, hiring and onboarding steps. Our solution delivers improved talent quality and candidate experience, faster hiring, increased scalability, lower cost of recruitment, greater flexibility, and increased compliance. Our clients outsource the recruitment process to PeopleScout in all major industries and jobs. We leverage our proprietary technology platform (Affinix TM) for sourcing, screening and delivering a permanent workforce, along with dedicated service delivery teams to work as an integrated partner with our clients. Affinix uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to search the web and source candidates, which means we can create the first slate of candidates for a job posting within minutes rather than days. Client contracts are generally multi-year in duration and pricing is typically composed of a fee for each hire and talent consulting fees.

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Pricing is impacted by factors such as geography, volume, job type, degree of recruiting difficulty, and the scope of outsourced recruitment and employer branding services included.
PeopleScout also includes our MSP business, which manages our clients’ contingent labor programs including vendor selection, performance management, compliance monitoring and risk management. As the client’s exclusive MSP, we have dedicated service delivery teams which work as an integrated partner with our clients to increase the productivity of their contingent workforce program.
Total company results
The following table presents selected financial data:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data) |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | % of revenue | Mar 29, 2020 |  | % of revenue
Revenue from services |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 458,706 |  |  | $ | 494,252 |  |  |
Gross profit |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 110,574 |  | 24.1 | % | $ | 126,159 |  |  | 25.5 | %
Selling, general and administrative expense |  |  |  |  |  |  | 97,401 |  | 21.2 |  | 117,381 |  |  | 23.7 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,962 |  | 1.5 |  | 9,094 |  |  | 1.8 |
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 175,189 |  |  |
Income (loss) from operations |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,211 |  | 1.4 | % | (175,505) |  |  | (35.5) | %
Interest expense and other income, net |  |  |  |  |  |  | 575 |  |  | 263 |  |  |
Income (loss) before tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,786 |  |  | (175,242) |  |  |
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  |  | (112) |  |  | (24,748) |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,898 |  | 1.5 | % | $ | (150,494) |  |  | (30.4) | %
Net income (loss) per diluted share |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | (4.04) |  |  |

Revenue from services
Revenue from services by reportable segment was as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | Growth (decline) % | Segment % of total | Mar 29, 2020 | Segment % of total
Revenue from services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PeopleReady |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 260,392 |  | (13.0) | % | 56.8 | % | $ | 299,294 |  | 60.5 | %
PeopleManagement |  |  |  |  |  |  | 151,754 |  | 7.2 |  | 33.1 |  | 141,614 |  | 28.7 |
PeopleScout |  |  |  |  |  |  | 46,560 |  | (12.7) |  | 10.1 |  | 53,344 |  | 10.8 |
Total company |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 458,706 |  | (7.2) | % | 100.0 | % | $ | 494,252 |  | 100.0 | %

The workforce solutions business is dependent on the overall strength of the labor market. Clients tend to use contingent workers to supplement their existing workforce and generally hire permanent workers when long-term demand is expected to increase. As a consequence, our revenue from services tends to increase quickly when the economy begins to grow. Conversely, our revenue decreases quickly when the economy begins to weaken and thus contingent staff positions are eliminated, permanent hiring is frozen and turnover replacement diminishes.
Total company revenue declined 7.2% to $458.7 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. The decline was due to reduced client demand primarily associated with the continued negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Revenue trends have improved compared to the fiscal fourth quarter of 2020, which had revenue declines of 12.3%, compared to the same period in the prior year. This improvement is driven by improving volumes from existing clients, including clients in industries that were d isproportionately impacted by COVID-19, as well as encouraging new business wins.

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PeopleReady
PeopleReady revenue declined to $260.4 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, a 13.0% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year. The decline was due to reduced client demand primarily associated with the continued negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Revenue trends have improved compared to the fiscal fourth quarter of 2020, which had revenue declines of 18.5%, compared to the same period in the prior year. PeopleReady experienced intra-quarter revenue trend improvement in the fiscal first quarter of 2021 as revenue declined 3.1% in March compared to 18.3% in January, compared to the same periods in the prior year. PeopleReady provides a wide range of staffing solutions for on-demand contingent general and skilled labor. PeopleReady has seen improved demand for contingent labor, but the supply of workers is a challenge in certain markets, which we believe is temporarily impacted by stimulus checks and elevated federal unemployment benefits, which are set to expire on September 6, 2021.
We believe the revenue decline was moderated by the use of our industry-leading JobStack mobile app that digitally connects workers with jobs. During the first quarter of 2021, PeopleReady dispatched approximately 716,000 shifts via JobStack and achieved a digital fill rate of 58%, an improvement of seven percentage points compared to the same period in the prior year. JobStack had approximately 26,500 client users as of March 28, 2021, or an increase of 13% compared to March 29, 2020. We are focused on encouraging clients to become JobStack heavy client users, which we define as clients with 50 or more touches on JobStack per month. Heavy client users have consistently posted better year-over-year growth rates compared to other PeopleReady clients. Our heavy client user mix increased from 20% of PeopleReady’s business in the fiscal first quarter of 2020 to 31% in the fiscal first quarter of 2021.
PeopleManagement
PeopleManagement revenue grew to $151.8 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, a 7.2% increase compared to the same period in the prior year. PeopleManagement supplies an outsourced workforce that involves multi-year, multi-million dollar on-site or driver relationships. These types of client engagements are often more resilient in an economic downturn. Revenue trends have improved compared to the fiscal fourth quarter of 2020, which had revenue growth of 4.6%, compared to the same period in the prior year. PeopleManagement experienced intra-quarter revenue trend improvement in the fiscal first quarter of 2021 as revenue grew 15% in March compared to 5% in January, compared to the same periods in the prior year. This improvement in the first quarter was broad-based across most of the industries we serve.
PeopleScout
PeopleScout revenue declined to $46.6 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, a 12.7% decrease compared to the same period in the prior year. The revenue decline was primarily due to reduced demand from existing clients resulting from the economic disruption caused by the impact of COVID-19. PeopleScout clients in the travel and leisure industries were especially impacted. These clients, which represented approximately 24% of the client mix in the prior year, were disproportionately impacted resulting in a 44% decrease in revenue from these clients compared to the same period in the prior year. Revenue trends for the business as a whole have improved compared to the fiscal fourth quarter of 2020, which had revenue declines of 23.8%, compared to the same period in the prior year. PeopleScout experienced intra-quarter revenue trend improvement in the fiscal first quarter of 2021 as revenue grew 4% in March compared to a decline of 25% in January, compared to the same periods in the prior year. This improvement is driven by improving volumes from existing clients, including clients in industries that were d isproportionately impacted by COVID-19, as well as encouraging new business wins.
Gross profit margin
Gross profit was as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Gross profit |  |  |  | $ | 110,574 |  | $ | 126,159 |
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  | 24.1 | % | 25.5 | %

Gross profit as a percentage of revenue declined to 24.1%, or 140 basis points for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to 25.5% for the same period in the prior year. Our staffing businesses contributed 150 basis points of compression, with 130 basis points from a non-recurring benefit in the prior year related to a reduction in expected costs to comply with the Affordable Care Act. The remaining 20 basis points of compression from our staffing business was driven by a 90 basis point compression due to bill pay spreads, offset by a benefit of 70 basis points due to lower workers compensation expense as a result of a reduction to reserves largely associated with favorable patterns in claim development. Our PeopleScout business helped offset overall margin compression with an approximately 10 basis point expansion.

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SG&A expense
SG&A expense was as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Selling, general and administrative expense |  |  |  | $ | 97,401 |  | $ | 117,381 |
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  | 21.2 | % | 23.7 | %

Total company SG&A expense decreased by $20.0 million, or 17.0% for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. We took steps during fiscal 2020 to reduce SG&A expense while preserving our operational strengths, to ensure the business is well-positioned for growth as economic conditions improve. The decrease in SG&A expense benefited from $1.4 million of employee retention subsidies made available under the temporary Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy during the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021. Our focus on efficiently managing costs while ensuring we continue to invest in sales resources and digital strategies have allowed us to accelerate our strategic priorities and emerge stronger as the economy begins to shift back to growth.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization was as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  | $ | 6,962 |  | $ | 9,094 |
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  | 1.5 | % | 1.8 | %

Depreciation and amortization decreased for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to the impairment to our acquired client relationships intangible assets of $34.7 million in the first quarter of 2020, which resulted in a decline in amortization expense.
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge was as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge |  |  |  | $ | — |  | $ | 175,189 |

As a result of the decrease in demand for our services primarily due to the economic impact caused by COVID-19, we lowered our future expectations, which was the primary trigger of an impairment of our goodwill and acquired client relationships intangible assets recorded in the thirteen weeks ended March 29, 2020. As a result of our interim impairment test in the first quarter of 2020, we concluded that the carrying amounts of goodwill for PeopleScout RPO, PeopleScout MSP and PeopleManagement On-Site reporting units exceeded their implied fair values and we recorded a non-cash impairment loss of $140.5 million. The total goodwill carrying value of $45.9 million for PeopleManagement On-Site reporting unit was fully impaired. The goodwill impairment charge for PeopleScout RPO and PeopleScout MSP was $92.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively. The impairment to our acquired client relationships intangible assets for our PeopleScout RPO and PeopleManagement On-Site reporting units was $34.7 million.
Income taxes
The income tax expense and the effective income tax rate were as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Income tax benefit |  |  |  | $ | (112) |  | $ | (24,748) |
Effective income tax rate |  |  |  | (1.7) | % | 14.1 | %

Our tax provision and our effective tax rate are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our full year pre-tax income and loss by jurisdiction, tax credits, government audit developments, changes in laws, regulations and administrative practices, and relative changes of expenses or losses for which tax benefits are not recognized.

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Additionally, our effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income and loss. For example, the impact of discrete items, tax credits and non-deductible expenses on our effective tax rate is greater when our pre-tax income or loss is lower.
The items creating a difference between income taxes computed at the statutory federal income tax rate and income taxes reported on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) are as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | % | Mar 29, 2020 | %
Income (loss) before tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,786 |  |  | $ | (175,242) |  |
Federal income tax expense (benefit) at statutory rate |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,425 |  | 21.0% | $ | (36,801) |  | 21.0%
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State income taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  |  |  |  | 288 |  | 4.2 | (6,776) |  | 3.9
Non-deductible goodwill impairment charge |  |  |  |  |  | — |  | — | 21,849 |  | (12.5)
CARES Act impact |  |  |  |  |  | 136 |  | 2.0 | (2,108) |  | 1.2
WOTC and other tax credits, net |  |  |  |  |  | (2,737) |  | (40.3) | (79) |  | —
Non-deductible and non-taxable items |  |  |  |  |  | 133 |  | 2.0 | — |  | —
Stock-based compensation shortfall |  |  |  |  |  | 291 |  | 4.3 | 765 |  | (0.4)
Foreign taxes and other, net |  |  |  |  |  | 352 |  | 5.1 | (1,598) |  | 0.9
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (112) |  | (1.7)% | $ | (24,748) |  | 14.1%

Significant fluctuations in our effective rate for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021 are primarily due to WOTC hiring credits. Other differences between the statutory federal income tax rate result from state and foreign income taxes, certain non-deductible and non-taxable items, and tax effects of stock-based compensation. The tax benefit of $24.7 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 29, 2020 was primarily the result of a non-deductible goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge.
WOTC is designed to encourage employers to hire workers from certain targeted groups with higher than average unemployment rates. WOTC is generally calculated as a percentage of wages over a twelve-month period up to worker maximums by targeted groups. Based on historical results and business trends, we estimate the amount of WOTC we expect to earn related to wages of the current year. However, the estimate is subject to variation because 1) a small percentage of our workers qualify for one or more of the many targeted groups; 2) the targeted groups are subject to different incentive credit rates and limitations; 3) credits fluctuate depending on economic conditions and qualified worker retention periods; and 4) state and federal offices can delay their credit certification processing and have inconsistent certification rates. We recognize an adjustment to prior year hiring credits if credits certified by government offices differ from original estimates. WOTC has been approved through the end of 2025.
Segment performance
We evaluate performance based on segment revenue and segment profit. Segment profit includes revenue, related cost of services, and ongoing operating expenses directly attributable to the reportable segment. Segment profit excludes goodwill and intangible impairment charges, depreciation and amortization expense, unallocated corporate general and administrative expense, interest, other income and expense, income taxes, and other adjustments not considered to be ongoing. See Note 10: Segment Information, to our consolidated financial statements found in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for additional details on our reportable segments, as well as a reconciliation of segment profit to income (loss) before tax expense (benefit).
Segment profit should not be considered a measure of financial performance in isolation nor as an alternative to net income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

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PeopleReady segment performance was as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Revenue from services |  |  |  | $ | 260,392 |  | $ | 299,294 |
Segment profit |  |  |  | 11,860 |  | 7,655 |
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  | 4.6 | % | 2.6 | %

PeopleReady segment profit grew $4.2 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. The growth was primarily due to cost reductions outpacing revenue declines. Revenue declines were primarily due to less demand from existing clients resulting from economic disruption caused by COVID-19 and pressure on our fill rates from stimulus benefits available to associates.
We believe our segment profit benefited by the strategic use of our industry-leading JobStack mobile app that digitally connects workers with jobs. JobStack is helping us safely connect people with work.
PeopleManagement segment performance was as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Revenue from services |  |  |  | $ | 151,754 |  | $ | 141,614 |
Segment profit |  |  |  | 3,116 |  | (314) |
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  | 2.1 | % | (0.2) | %

PeopleManagement segment profit grew $3.4 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. The growth was primarily due to improving client volumes, increased client wins and a consistent focus on cost management.
PeopleScout segment performance was as follows:

|  |  | Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands, except percentages) |  |  |  | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Revenue from services |  |  |  | $ | 46,560 |  | $ | 53,344 |
Segment profit |  |  |  | 4,037 |  | 2,508 |
Percentage of revenue |  |  |  | 8.7 | % | 4.7 | %

PeopleScout segment profit grew $1.5 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. The growth was primarily due to cost reductions outpacing revenue declines, which were primarily due to less demand from existing clients resulting from economic disruption caused by COVID-19.
FUTURE OUTLOOK
The global economy and our business have been dramatically affected by COVID-19. There are no reliable estimates of how long the pandemic will last, how many people will be affected, nor how rapidly people will be vaccinated. For that reason, it is difficult to predict the short- and long-term impacts of the pandemic on our business at this time. Due to the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19 and its impact on the business environment, we have limited visibility into our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in the future. However, we are providing the following future operating outlook for the second quarter and full year of fiscal 2021.
•We expect sequential revenue growth for the second quarter of 2021 to return to a pre-pandemic seasonal improvement of between 7% and 12%.
•We anticipate gross margin expansion to be between 180 and 220 basis points in the second quarter of 2021 driven by favorable bill pay spreads in our staffing businesses as well as favorable workers’ compensation costs, compared to the same period in the prior year. For fiscal 2021, we anticipate gross margin expansion to be between 40 and 100 basis points, compared to the prior year. This improvement is expected to be driven by a bounce back in economic growth in the second half of 2021 when we anticipate modest gross margin expansion in our PeopleScout business due to the operating leverage associated with its cost of sales, and, to a lesser extent, gross margin expansion in our staffing businesses from improving bill pay spreads as the economy recovers and demand for human capital increases.

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•We anticipate SG&A expense to be between $108 million and $112 million in the second quarter of 2021 and between $446 million and $454 million for fiscal 2021. We anniversary the majority of our cost reduction actions in April of 2021. We will continue to exercise disciplined cost management while making investments in sales resources and digital strategies to drive profitable revenue growth. We are also in the early stages of implementing pilot projects to further reduce the costs of our PeopleReady branch network through a greater use of technology, centralizing work activities, and repurposing of job roles, while maintaining the strength of our geographic footprint. These pilots will occur throughout 2021, and if successful, will lead to additional efficiencies in 2022.
•We believe the additional government spending on infrastructure projects in the American Jobs Plan, as proposed by the Biden administration, may generate additional demand for industrial staffing businesses especially within the construction, energy and transportation industries.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
LIQUIDITY

| Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands) | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Net income (loss) | $ | 6,898 |  | $ | (150,494) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 6,962 |  | 9,094 |
Goodwill and intangible asset impairment charge | — |  | 175,189 |
Allowance for credit losses | 207 |  | 3,289 |
Non-cash lease expense, net of changes in operating lease liabilities | 600 |  | (48) |
Stock-based compensation | 3,343 |  | 1,508 |
Deferred income taxes | (5,002) |  | (23,432) |
Other operating activities | (438) |  | 5,375 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |
Accounts receivable | 18,025 |  | 45,407 |
Accounts payable and other accrued expenses | (9,633) |  | (28,443) |
Accrued wages and benefits | 4,249 |  | (11,733) |
Income tax receivable | 4,910 |  | 435 |
Operating lease right-of-use asset | 3,501 |  | — |
Other assets | (4,578) |  | 5,958 |
Workers’ compensation claims reserve | (1,499) |  | (2,163) |
Other liabilities | 338 |  | (2,334) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 27,883 |  | $ | 27,608 |

Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased to $27.9 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to $27.6 million for the same period in the prior year.
Changes to adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021 were primarily due to:
•Depreciation and amortization decreased primarily due to an impairment in amortizable intangible assets of $34.7 million in the first quarter of 2020.
•The allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable decreased primarily due to lower reserves as collection efforts improved for past due receivable balances. Bad debt expense as a percent of revenue decreased to 0.05% for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, from 0.67% for the same period in the prior year.
•Deferred income taxes decreased relative to the prior year due to the $23.3 million discrete tax benefit resulting from goodwill and intangible asset impairments in the first quarter of 2020.
•The decrease in other operating activities is primarily due to $4.8 million in unrealized losses on deferred compensation assets in the prior year due to sharp declines in global equity investments.

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Changes to operating assets and liabilities for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021 were primarily due to:
•Cash provided by accounts receivable of $18.0 million was due to a seasonal revenue decline from the fourth quarter of 2020, resulting in a significant decrease in accounts receivable. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in our days sales outstanding by 2.6 days during the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, primarily due to a higher percentage of receivables with longer payment terms.
•Cash used for accounts payable and accrued expenses of $9.6 million was primarily due to seasonable deleveraging offset by more favorable payment terms negotiated with our vendors as part of our focus on capital management. Demand is lower during the first quarter, due in part to limitations in outside work during the winter months and slowdowns in manufacturing and logistics after the holiday season.
•Cash provided by accrued wages and benefits of $4.2 million was primarily due to timing of payroll tax payments.
•Cash provided by operating lease right-of-use asset of $3.5 million represents the amount of build-out costs incurred for our Chicago support center that has been reimbursed by our landlord during the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021.
•Generally, our workers’ compensation claims reserve for estimated claims decreases as contingent labor services decline, as is the case in the current and prior year. Our worker safety programs have had a positive impact and have created favorable adjustments to our workers’ compensation liabilities recorded in prior periods. Continued favorable adjustments to our prior year workers’ compensation liabilities are dependent on our ability to continue to lower accident rates and claim costs.
Cash flows from investing activities

| Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands) | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Capital expenditures | $ | (10,003) |  | $ | (7,028) |
Purchases and sales of restricted investments | 6,809 |  | 6,288 |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (3,194) |  | $ | (740) |

Net cash used in investing activities was $3.2 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to $0.7 million for the same period in the prior year.
Capital expenditures include build-out costs for our Chicago support center of $3.7 million, as well as our continued investment in software technology. We remain committed to technological innovation to transform our business for a digital future that makes it easier for our clients to do business with us and easier to connect people to work. We continue making investments in online and mobile apps to improve access to workers and candidates, as well as improve the speed and ease of connecting our clients and workers for our staffing businesses, and candidates for our RPO business. We expect these investments will increase the competitive differentiation of our services over the long-term, improve the efficiency of our service delivery, and reduce PeopleReady’s dependence on local branches to find associates and connect them with work. Examples include our JobStack mobile app in our PeopleReady business and our Affinix talent acquisition technology in our PeopleScout business.
Restricted investments consist of collateral that has been provided or pledged to insurance carriers and state workers’ compensation programs, as well as collateral to support the deferred compensation plan.
Cash flows from financing activities

| Thirteen weeks ended
(in thousands) | Mar 28, 2021 | Mar 29, 2020
Purchases and retirement of common stock | $ | — |  | $ | (52,348) |
Net proceeds from employee stock purchase plans | 255 |  | 323 |
Common stock repurchases for taxes upon vesting of restricted stock | (2,555) |  | (1,792) |
Net change in revolving credit facility | — |  | 256,400 |
Other | (94) |  | (508) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | (2,394) |  | $ | 202,075 |

Net cash used in financing activities was $2.4 million for the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, compared to $202.1 million for the same period in the prior year.

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Net cash provided by financing activities for the thirteen weeks ended March 29, 2020 was due to our draw down on our revolving credit agreement (“Revolving Credit Facility”).
During the thirteen weeks ended March 29, 2020, we repurchased $40.0 million of our common stock under an accelerated share repurchase program and $12.4 million of our common stock in the open market for a total of $52.4 million of common stock.
CAPITAL RESOURCES
Revolving credit facility
Under our Revolving Credit Facility, which matures on March 16, 2025, we have the ability to increase our borrowing from $300 million up to $450 million, subject to bank approval.
The following financial covenants, as defined in the second and third amendments to our credit agreement, are currently in effect through the second quarter of 2021:
•Asset Coverage Ratio of greater than 1.00, defined as the ratio of 60% of accounts receivable to the difference of total debt outstanding and unrestricted cash in excess of $50 million, subject to certain minimums. As of March 28, 2021, our asset coverage ratio was 25.6.
•Liquidity greater than $150 million, defined as the sum of unrestricted cash and availability under the aggregate revolving commitments. As of March 28, 2021, our liquidity was $381.9 million.
•EBITDA, as defined in the amended credit agreement, greater than $12 million for the trailing three quarters ending Q1 2021 and greater than $15 million for the trailing four quarters ending Q2 2021. As of March 28, 2021, EBITDA for the trailing three and four quarters was $62.8 million and $53.1 million, respectively.
The following financial covenants, as defined in the second amendment to our credit agreement, will be in effect starting the third quarter of 2021 and thereafter:
•Consolidated leverage ratio greater than 4.00 for the third and fourth quarters of 2021 and greater than 3.00 thereafter, defined as our funded indebtedness divided by trailing twelve months consolidated EBITDA, as defined in the amended credit agreement.
•Consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio greater than 1.25, defined as the trailing twelve months bank-adjusted cash flow divided by cash interest expense.
Workers’ compensation insurance, collateral and reserves
Workers’ compensation insurance
We provide workers’ compensation insurance for our associates and permanent employees. The majority of our current workers’ compensation insurance policies cover claims for a particular event above a $2.0 million deductible limit, on a “per occurrence” basis and, accordingly, we are substantially self-insured.
For workers’ compensation claims originating in Washington, North Dakota, Ohio, Wyoming, Canada and Puerto Rico (our “monopolistic jurisdictions”), we pay workers’ compensation insurance premiums and obtain full coverage under government-administered programs (with the exception of PeopleReady in Ohio where we have a self-insured policy). Accordingly, because we are not the primary obligor, our financial statements do not reflect the liability for workers’ compensation claims in these monopolistic jurisdictions.
Workers’ compensation collateral and restricted cash and investments
Our insurance carriers and certain state workers’ compensation programs require us to collateralize a portion of our workers’ compensation obligation, for which they become responsible should we become insolvent. The collateral typically takes the form of cash and cash-backed instruments, highly rated investment grade securities, letters of credit, and surety bonds. On a regular basis, these entities assess the amount of collateral they will require from us relative to our workers’ compensation obligation. Such amounts can increase or decrease independent of our assessments and reserves. We generally anticipate that our collateral commitments will continue to grow as we grow our business. We pay our premiums and deposit our collateral in installments. The majority of the restricted cash and investments collateralizing our self-insured workers’ compensation policies are held in a trust at the Bank of New York Mellon (“Trust”).

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Our total collateral commitments were made up of the following components for the fiscal period end dates presented:

(in thousands) | Mar 28, 2021 | Dec 27, 2020
Cash collateral held by workers’ compensation insurance carriers | $ | 22,434 |  | $ | 22,253 |
Cash and cash equivalents held in Trust | 25,586 |  | 29,410 |
Investments held in Trust | 145,244 |  | 152,247 |
Letters of credit | 6,095 |  | 6,095 |
Surety bonds (1) | 20,831 |  | 20,616 |
Total collateral commitments | $ | 220,190 |  | $ | 230,621 |

(1)Our surety bonds are issued by independent insurance companies on our behalf and bear annual fees based on a percentage of the bond, which is determined by each independent surety carrier. These fees do not exceed 2.0% of the bond amount, subject to a minimum charge. The terms of these bonds are subject to review and renewal every one to four years and most bonds can be canceled by the sureties with as little as 60 days’ notice.
At March 28, 2021, we had restricted cash and investments totaling $231.2 million. Restricted cash and investments consist principally of collateral that has been provided or pledged to insurance carriers for workers’ compensation and state workers’ compensation programs. We have agreements with certain financial institutions that allow us to restrict cash and cash equivalents and investments for the purpose of providing collateral instruments to our insurance carriers to satisfy workers’ compensation claims. The majority of our collateral obligations are held in a Trust. See Note 4: Restricted Cash and Investments, to our consolidated financial statements found in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for details on our restricted cash and investments. We established investment policy directives for the Trust with the first priority to preserve capital, second to ensure sufficient liquidity to pay workers’ compensation claims, third to diversify the investment portfolio and fourth to maximize after-tax returns. Trust investments must meet minimum acceptable quality standards. The primary investments include U.S. Treasury securities, U.S. agency debentures, U.S. agency mortgages, corporate securities and municipal securities. For those investments rated by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations the minimum ratings at time of purchase are:

| S&P | Moody’s | Fitch
Short-term rating | A-1/SP-1 | P-1/MIG-1 | F-1
Long-term rating | A | A2 | A

Workers’ compensation reserve
The following table provides a reconciliation of our collateral commitments to our workers’ compensation reserve as of the fiscal period end dates presented:

(in thousands) | Mar 28, 2021 | Dec 27, 2020
Total workers’ compensation reserve | $ | 253,994 |  | $ | 255,493 |
Add back discount on workers’ compensation reserve (1) | 17,599 |  | 18,009 |
Less excess claims reserve (2) | (54,632) |  | (54,019) |
Reimbursable payments to insurance provider (3) | 3,599 |  | 6,373 |
Other (4) | (370) |  | 4,765 |
Total collateral commitments | $ | 220,190 |  | $ | 230,621 |

(1)Our workers’ compensation reserves are discounted to their estimated net present value while our collateral commitments are based on the gross, undiscounted reserve.
(2)Excess claims reserve includes the estimated obligation for claims above our deductible limits. These are the responsibility of the insurance carriers against which there are no collateral requirements.
(3)This amount is included in restricted cash and represents a timing difference between claim payments made by our insurance carrier and the reimbursement from cash held in the Trust. When claims are paid by our carrier, the amount is removed from the workers’ compensation reserve but not removed from collateral until reimbursed to the carrier.
(4)Represents the difference between the self-insured reserves and collateral commitments.
Our workers’ compensation reserve is established using estimates of the future cost of claims and related expenses, which are discounted to their estimated net present value. We discount our workers’ compensation liability as we believe the estimated future cash outflows are readily determinable.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Our workers’ compensation reserve for deductible and self-insured claims is established using estimates of the future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, as well as those that have been incurred but not reported. Reserves are estimated for claims incurred in the current year, as well as claims incurred during prior years.
Management evaluates the adequacy of the workers’ compensation reserves in conjunction with an independent quarterly actuarial assessment. Factors considered in establishing and adjusting these reserves include, among other things:
•changes in medical and time loss (“indemnity”) costs;
•changes in mix between medical only and indemnity claims;
•regulatory and legislative developments impacting benefits and settlement requirements;
•type and location of work performed;
•the impact of safety initiatives; and
•positive or adverse development of claims, which considers the potential impact of COVID-19.
Our workers’ compensation claims reserve for claims below the deductible limit is discounted to their estimated net present value using discount rates based on returns of “risk-free” U.S. Treasury instruments with maturities comparable to the weighted average lives of our workers’ compensation claims. At March 28, 2021, the weighted average discount rate was 1.7%. The claim payments are made over an estimated weighted average period of approximately 5.5 years.
Our workers’ compensation reserve includes estimated expenses related to claims above our self-insured limits (“excess claims”), and a corresponding receivable for the insurance coverage on excess claims based on the contractual policy agreements we have with insurance carriers. We discount this reserve and corresponding receivable to its estimated net present value using the discount rates based on average returns of “risk-free” U.S. Treasury instruments available during the year in which the liability was incurred. At March 28, 2021, the weighted average rate was 1.2%. The claim payments are made and the corresponding reimbursements from our insurance carriers are received over an estimated weighted average period of approximately 17 years. The discounted workers’ compensation reserve for excess claims was $54.6 million and $54.0 million, as of March 28, 2021 and December 27, 2020, respectively. The discounted receivables from insurance companies, net of valuation allowance, were $53.6 million and $53.0 million as of March 28, 2021 and December 27, 2020, respectively
We continue to actively manage workers’ compensation cost through the safety of our associates with our safety programs, and actively control costs with our network of service providers. These actions have had a positive impact creating favorable adjustments to workers’ compensation liabilities recorded in the prior periods. Continued favorable adjustments to our prior year workers’ compensation liabilities are dependent on our ability to continue to aggressively lower accident rates and costs of our claims. We expect diminishing favorable adjustments to our workers’ compensation liabilities as the opportunity for significant reduction to frequency and severity of accident rates diminishes.
FUTURE OUTLOOK
We are providing the following future liquidity and capital resources outlook for the second quarter and full year of fiscal 2021:
•Capital expenditures for the second quarter of 2021 will be approximately $14 million and between $37 million to $41 million for fiscal 2021. This includes build-out costs planned for our Chicago support center of approximately $6 million for the second quarter of 2021 and $10 million for fiscal 2021, of which $8 million will be reimbursed by our landlord with $3 million of the reimbursements expected in the second quarter. The reimbursements from our landlord will be reflected in operating cash flows. We remain committed to technological innovation to transform our business for a digital future. We continue to make investments in online and mobile apps to improve access to associates in our staffing businesses as well as RPO candidates, as well as improve the speed and ease of connecting them with our clients. We expect these investments will increase the competitive differentiation of our services over the long term, improve the efficiency of our service delivery, and reduce PeopleReady’s dependence on local branches to find associates and connect them with work. Examples include PeopleReady’s JobStack mobile app and PeopleScout’s Affinix talent acquisition technology.
•We expect our Revolving Credit Facility and strong financial position to provide ample liquidity. At March 28, 2021, we had no debt outstanding on our Revolving Credit Facility leaving $294 million unused under the Revolving Credit Facility, resulting in $150 million available for additional borrowings based on our most restrictive covenant. We have an option to increase the total line of credit amount from $300 million to $450 million, subject to bank approval.
•We generated a cash flow benefit from delayed payroll tax payments under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) of $60 million. We plan to take advantage of favorable net operating loss carryback provisions in the CARES Act by repaying this benefit in the third quarter of 2021.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

•Our insurance carriers and certain state workers’ compensation programs require us to collateralize a portion of our workers’ compensation obligation, for which they become responsible should we become insolvent. The collateral typically takes the form of cash and cash-backed instruments, highly rated investment grade securities, letters of credit, and surety bonds. We continue to have risk that these collateral requirements may be increased by our insurers due to our loss history and market dynamics, including from the impact of COVID-19.
•As of March 28, 2021, $67 million remains available for repurchase of common stock under existing authorizations. We have historically returned capital to shareholders through stock repurchases. We may repurchase additional shares when economic conditions improve. However, the second amendment to our credit agreement prohibits us from repurchasing shares until July 1, 2021.
•We believe that cash provided from operations and our capital resources will be adequate to meet our cash requirements for the next 12 months.
SUMMARY OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
Our critical accounting estimates are discussed in Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; Summary of Critical Accounting Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2020.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
See Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to our consolidated financial statements found in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk are discussed in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2020.

Item 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Security and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Our disclosure controls and procedures are also designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
During the fiscal first quarter of 2021, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures at a reasonable assurance level, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level, as of March 28, 2021.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during our most recently completed fiscal quarter that materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
The certifications required by Rule 13a-14 of the Exchange Act are filed as exhibits 31.1 and 31.2, respectively, to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 6: Commitments and Contingencies, to our consolidated financial statements found in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. | RISK FACTORS

Investing in our securities involves risk. The following risk factors and all other information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 27, 2020 should be considered in evaluating our future prospects. If any of the events described below occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, or access to the capital markets could be materially and adversely affected.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR COMPANY’S OPERATIONS
COVID-19, governmental reactions to COVID-19, and the resulting adverse economic conditions have negatively impacted our business and will have a continued material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.
COVID-19’s negative impacts on the global economy and related governmental responses have been wide-ranging and multi-faceted. These impacts caused rapid declines in economic activity in the markets where we operate, disruptions in global supply chains, travel restrictions, sharp downturns in business activity, price volatility in equity markets, and concern that credit markets and companies will not remain liquid.
COVID-19 caused significant negative impacts on our operations and stock price. Our revenues declined substantially beginning in the second half of March 2020 because of COVID-19 and may remain suppressed while economic conditions return to pre-pandemic levels. The operations of our clients have been severely disrupted, and could remain depressed, thereby increasing the likelihood that our clients continue to delay new contracts or cancel current contracts, reduce orders for our services in the future, have difficulty paying for services provided, or cease operations altogether. The rapid increase in unemployment has made it easier for clients to find new staff, reducing the demand for our services. In response to these adverse conditions we have taken steps to reduce our expenses and cash outflows. These reductions in expenses, including layoffs, could reduce our ability to take advantage of opportunities in the future as economic conditions improve. Further deterioration in economic conditions, as a result of COVID-19 or otherwise, will lead to a prolonged decline in demand for our services and negatively impact our business.
The extent to which COVID-19, including any variants, adversely impacts our business depends on future developments of the pandemic and related governmental responses, such as the efficacy, distribution, and adoption of the COVID-19 vaccines, which are both uncertain and unpredictable. While this matter has, and we expect it to continue to, negatively impact our results of operations, cash flows, profit margins, and financial position, the current level of uncertainty over the economic and operational impacts of COVID-19 means the related financial impact is difficult to estimate at this time. In addition, we cannot guarantee that actions we take to reduce costs or otherwise change our operations will address the issues we face with clients, employees or our results of operations.
Advances in technology may disrupt the labor and recruiting markets and we must constantly improve our technology to meet the expectations of clients, candidates and employees.
The increased use of internet-based and mobile technology is attracting additional technology-oriented companies and resources to our industry. Our candidates and clients increasingly demand technological innovation to improve the access to and delivery of our services. Our clients increasingly rely on automation, artificial intelligence, machine learning and other new technologies to reduce their dependence on labor needs, which may reduce demand for our services and impact our operations. We face extensive pressure for lower prices and new service offerings and must continue to invest in and implement new technology and industry developments in order to remain relevant to our clients and candidates. As a result of this increasing dependence upon technology, we must timely and effectively identify, develop, or license technology from third parties, and integrate such enhanced or expanded technologies into the solutions that we provide. In addition, our business relies on a variety of technologies, including those that support recruiting, hiring, paying, order management, billing, collecting, associate data analytics and client data analytics. If we do not sufficiently invest in and implement new technology, or evolve our business at sufficient speed and scale, our business results may decline materially. Acquiring technological expertise and developing new technologies for our business may require us to incur significant expenses and capital costs. For some solutions, we depend on

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key vendors and partners to provide technology and support. If these third parties fail to perform their obligations or cease to work with us, our business operations could be negatively affected.
We are dependent on obtaining workers’ compensation and other insurance coverage at commercially reasonable terms. Unexpected changes in claim trends on our workers’ compensation may negatively impact our financial condition.
Our temporary staffing services employ associates for which we provide workers’ compensation insurance. Our workers’ compensation insurance policies are renewed annually. The majority of our insurance policies are with AIG. Our insurance carriers require us to collateralize a significant portion of our workers’ compensation obligation. The majority of our collateral is held in trust by a third party for the payment of these claims. The loss or decline in the value of our collateral could require us to seek additional sources of capital to pay our workers’ compensation claims. As our business grows or financial results deteriorate, we have seen the amount of collateral required increase and the timing of providing collateral accelerate, which could occur again in the future. Resources to meet these requirements may not be available. We cannot be certain we will be able to obtain appropriate types or levels of insurance in the future or that adequate replacement policies will be available on acceptable terms. The loss of our workers’ compensation insurance coverage would prevent us from operating as a staffing services business in the majority of our markets. Further, we cannot be certain that our current and former insurance carriers will be able to pay claims we make under such policies.
We self-insure, or otherwise bear financial responsibility for, a significant portion of expected losses under our workers’ compensation program. We have experienced unexpected changes in claim trends, including the severity and frequency of claims, changes in state laws regarding benefit levels and allowable claims, actuarial estimates, and medical cost inflation, and may experience such changes in the future which could result in costs that are significantly different than initially anticipated or reported and could cause us to record different reserves in our financial statements. There is a risk that we will not be able to increase the fees charged to our clients in a timely manner and in a sufficient amount to cover increased costs as a result of any changes in claims-related liabilities.
We actively manage the safety of our associates through our safety programs and actively control costs with our network of workers’ compensation related service providers. These activities have had a positive impact creating favorable adjustments to workers’ compensation liabilities recorded in prior periods. The benefit of these adjustments is likely to decline and there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to reduce accident rates and control costs to produce these results in the future.
Some clients require extensive insurance coverage and request insurance endorsements that are not available under standard policies. There can be no assurance that we will be able to negotiate acceptable compromises with clients or negotiate appropriate changes in our insurance contracts. An inability to meet client insurance requirements may adversely affect our ability to take on new clients or continue providing services to existing clients.
We may experience employment related claims, commercial indemnification claims and other legal proceedings that could materially harm our business.
We are in the business of employing people in the workplaces of our clients. We incur a risk of liability for claims relating to personal injury, wage and hour violations, immigration, discrimination, harassment and other liabilities arising from the actions of our clients and associates. Some or all of these claims may give rise to negative publicity, investigations, litigation or settlements, which may cause us to incur costs or have other material adverse impacts on our financial statements.
We may have liability to our clients for the action or inaction of our employees, that may cause harm to our clients or third parties. In some cases, we must indemnify our clients for certain acts of our associates or arising from our associates presence on the client’s job site and certain clients have negotiated broad indemnification provisions. We may also incur fines, penalties, and losses that are not covered by insurance or negative publicity with respect to these matters.
We maintain insurance with respect to some potential claims and costs with deductibles. We cannot be certain we will be able to obtain appropriate types or levels of insurance in the future or that adequate replacement policies will be available on acceptable terms. Should the final judgments or settlements exceed our insurance coverage, they could have a material effect on our business. Our ability to obtain insurance, its coverage levels, deductibles and premiums, are all dependent on market factors, our loss history, and insurance providers’ assessments of our overall risk profile. Further, we cannot be certain our current and former insurance carriers will be able to pay claims we make under such policies.
The loss of, continued reduction in or substantial decline in revenue from larger clients or certain industries could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, profitability and liquidity.
We experience revenue concentration with large clients and in certain industries. Generally, our contracts do not contain guarantees of minimum duration, revenue levels, or profitability. Our clients have in the past and could in the future terminate

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their contracts or materially reduce their requested levels of service at any time. Although we have no client that represents over 10% of our consolidated revenue, there are clients that exceed 10% of revenues within some of our operating segments. The deterioration of the financial condition of a large client or a particular industry could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. COVID-19 has caused certain clients to temporarily close large job sites or reduce demand for our services, and future outbreaks of the pandemic could cause large closures and long-term reduction in demand. In addition, a significant change to the business, staffing or recruiting model of these clients, for example a decision to insource our services, has had, and could again have, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The loss of, or reduced demand for our services from larger clients and industries, such as construction or travel and leisure, has had, and in the future could have, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Client concentration exposes us to concentrated credit risk, as a significant portion of our accounts receivable may be from a small number of clients. The impact of COVID-19 may adversely impact our clients’ ability to pay for our services. If we are unable to collect our receivables, or are required to take additional reserves, our results and cash flows will be adversely affected.
Our business and operations have undergone, and will continue to undergo, significant change as we seek to improve our operational and support effectiveness, which if not managed could have an adverse outcome on our business and results of operations.
We have significantly changed our operations and internal processes in recent periods, and we will continue making similar changes to improve our operational effectiveness. These efforts strain our systems, management, administrative, operations, and financial infrastructure. For example, we combined some of our operating segments earlier in the year. We believe these efforts are important to our long-term success. Managing and cascading these changes throughout the company will continue to require the further attention of our management team and refinements to our operational, financial and management controls, reporting systems and procedures. These activities will require ongoing expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources. If we fail to manage these changes effectively, our costs and expenses may increase more than we expect and our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed.
New business initiatives may cause us to incur additional expenditures and have an adverse effect on our business.
We expect to continue adjusting the composition of our business segments and entering into new business initiatives as part of our business strategy. New business initiatives, strategic business partners or changes in the composition of our business mix can be distracting to our management and disruptive to our operations, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially. New business initiatives, including initiatives outside of our workforce solutions business, in new markets, or new geographies, could involve significant unanticipated challenges and risks including not advancing our business strategy, not realizing our anticipated return on investment, experiencing difficulty in implementing initiatives, or diverting management’s attention from our other businesses. In particular, we are making significant investments to advance our technology, and we cannot be sure that those initiatives will be successful or that we will achieve a return on our investment. These events could cause material harm to our business, operating results or financial condition.
Failure to protect our intellectual property could harm our business, and we face the risk that our services or products may infringe upon the intellectual property rights of others.
We have invested in developing specialized technology and intellectual property, proprietary systems, processes and methodologies that we believe provide us a competitive advantage in serving clients. We cannot guarantee that trade secret, trademark, and copyright law protections are adequate to deter misappropriation of our intellectual property, which is an important part of our business. We may be unable to detect the unauthorized use of our intellectual property and take the necessary steps to enforce our rights. We cannot be sure that our services and products, or the products of others that we offer to our clients, do not infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties, and we may have infringement claims asserted against us or our clients. These claims may harm our reputation, result in financial liability and prevent us from offering some services or products to clients.
We are at risk of damage to our brands and reputation, which is important to our success.
Our ability to attract and retain clients, associates, candidates, and employees is affected by external perceptions of our brands and reputation. Negative perceptions or publicity could damage our reputation with current or perspective clients and employees. Negative perceptions or publicity regarding our vendors, clients, or business partners may adversely affect our brand and reputation. We may not be successful in detecting, preventing, or negating all changes in or impacts on our reputation. If any factor, including poor performance or negative publicity, whether or not true, hurts our reputation, we may experience negative repercussions which could harm our business.

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The expansion of social media platforms creates new risks and challenges that could cause damage to our brand and reputation.
The use of social media platforms, including social media websites and other forms of internet-based communications, has rapidly increased allowing individuals access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested parties. For example, unfavorable comments about a work site could make recruiting or hiring at that site more challenging. The inappropriate or unauthorized use of such platforms by our clients, employees or associates could violate privacy laws, cause damage to our brand, or lead to litigation which could harm our business.
We cannot guarantee that we will repurchase our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program or that our share repurchase program will enhance long-term shareholder value.
Our Board of Directors (the “Board”) has authorized a share repurchase program. Under the program, we are authorized to repurchase shares of common stock for a set aggregate purchase price, or we may choose to purchase shares in the open market, from individual holders, through an accelerated share repurchase program or otherwise. Although the Board has authorized a share repurchase program, the share repurchase program does not obligate the company to repurchase any specific dollar amount or to acquire any specific number of shares. The timing and amount of the repurchases, if any, will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, the trading price of our common stock and the nature of other investment opportunities. The repurchase program may be limited, suspended or discontinued at any time without prior notice. In addition, repurchases of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program could affect our stock price and increase its volatility. The existence of a share repurchase program could cause our stock price to be higher than it would be in the absence of such a program and could potentially reduce the market liquidity for our stock. Additionally, our share repurchase program could diminish our cash reserves, which may impact our ability to finance future growth and to pursue possible future strategic opportunities and acquisitions. There can be no assurance that these share repurchases will enhance shareholder value because the market price of our common stock may decline below the level at which we repurchased shares of stock. Although our share repurchase program is intended to enhance long-term shareholder value, there is no assurance that it will do so and short-term stock price fluctuations could reduce the program’s effectiveness. Following an amendment to our revolving credit agreement (the “Revolving Credit Facility”), our share repurchase program has been paused until the third quarter of 2021.
Our level of debt and restrictions in our credit agreement could negatively affect our operations and limit our liquidity and our ability to react to changes in the economy.
Our Revolving Credit Facility contains restrictive covenants that require us to maintain certain financial conditions, which we may fail to meet if there is a material decrease in our profitability, including as a result of COVID-19. Our failure to comply with these restrictive covenants could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, would require us to repay these borrowings before their due date. We may not have sufficient funds on hand to repay these loans, and if we are forced to refinance these borrowings on less favorable terms, or are unable to refinance at all, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected by increased costs and rates. If the business interruptions caused by COVID-19 last longer than we expect, we may need to seek other sources of liquidity.
Our principal sources of liquidity are funds generated from operating activities, available cash and cash equivalents, and borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility. We must have sufficient sources of liquidity to meet our working capital requirements, fund our workers’ compensation collateral requirements, service our outstanding indebtedness, and finance investment opportunities. Without sufficient liquidity, we could be forced to curtail our operations or we may not be able to pursue promising business opportunities.
As future debt levels increase, it could have significant consequences for the operation of our business including requiring us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to servicing our debt rather than using it for our operations; limiting our ability to obtain additional debt financing for future working capital, capital expenditures, or other corporate purposes; limiting our ability to take advantage of significant business opportunities, such as acquisitions; limiting our ability to react to changes in market or industry conditions; and putting us at a disadvantage compared to competitors with less debt.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR INDUSTRY
Our workforce solutions are subject to extensive government regulation and the imposition of additional regulations, which could materially harm our future earnings.
Our workforce solutions are subject to extensive federal, state, local and international government regulation. The cost to comply, and any inability to comply with government regulation, could have a material adverse effect on our business and

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financial results. Increases or changes in government regulation of the workplace or of the employer-employee relationship, or judicial or administrative proceedings related to such regulation, could materially harm our business.
Our temporary staffing services employ associates. The wage rates we pay to associates are based on many factors including government-mandated increases to minimum wage requirements, payroll-related taxes and benefits. If we are not able to increase the fees charged to clients to absorb any increased costs related to these factors, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
We offer our associates in the United States (“U.S.”) government-mandated health insurance in compliance with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively, the “ACA”). Because of the uncertainty surrounding potential changes to the ACA, we cannot predict with any certainty the likely impact of the ACA’s modification by the courts or of any other health care legislation on our financial condition or operating results. If we are unable to comply with changes to the ACA, or any future health care legislation in the U.S., or sufficiently raise the rates we charge our clients to cover any additional costs, such noncompliance or increases in costs could materially harm our business.
We operate in a highly competitive industry and may be unable to retain clients, market share, or profit margins.
Our industry is highly competitive and rapidly innovating, with low barriers to entry. We compete in global, national, regional and local markets with full-service and specialized temporary staffing companies as well as business process outsourcing companies that also offer our services. Our competitors offer a variety of flexible workforce solutions. Therefore, there is no assurance that we will be able to retain clients or market share in the future, nor can there be any assurance that we will, in light of competitive pressures, be able to remain profitable or maintain our current profit margins.
We may be unable to attract sufficient qualified associates and candidates to meet the needs of our clients.
We compete to meet our clients’ needs for workforce solutions, therefore, we must continually attract qualified associates and candidates to fill positions. Attracting qualified associates and candidates depends on factors such as desirability of the assignment, location, the associated wages and other benefits. Prior to COVID-19, unemployment in the U.S. was low, making it challenging to find sufficient eligible associates and candidates to meet our clients’ orders. The economic slowdown resulting from COVID–19 has increased unemployment substantially, but we cannot predict its continued effect on employment rates. Government responses to COVID-19 included generous unemployment benefits which negatively impacted our ability to recruit qualified associates and candidates. Continued similar unemployment benefits will further impact our ability to recruit in the future. We have experienced shortages of qualified associates and candidates and may experience such shortages in the future. Further, if there is a shortage, the cost to employ or recruit these individuals could increase and our ability to generate revenue would be harmed if we could not fill positions. If we are unable to pass those costs through to our clients, it could materially and adversely affect our business. Organized labor periodically engages in efforts to represent various groups of our associates. If we are subject to unreasonable collective bargaining agreements or work disruptions, our business could be adversely affected.
Cybersecurity vulnerabilities and incidents could lead to the improper disclosure of information about our clients, candidates, associates, and employees.
Our business requires the use, processing, and storage of confidential information about applicants, candidates, associates, other employees and clients. We use information technology and other computer resources to carry out operational and support activities and maintain our business records. We rely on information technology systems to process, transmit, and store electronic information and to communicate among our locations around the world and with our clients, partners, associates, and employees. The breadth and complexity of this infrastructure increases the potential risk of security breaches which could lead to potential unauthorized disclosure of confidential information.
Our systems and networks are vulnerable to computer viruses, malware, hackers and other security issues, including physical and electronic break-ins, disruptions from unauthorized access and tampering, social engineering attacks, impersonation of authorized users, and coordinated denial-of-services attacks. We have experienced cybersecurity incidents and attacks which have not had a material impact on our business or results of operations; however, there is no assurance that such impacts will not be material in the future. The security controls over sensitive or confidential information and other practices we and our third-party vendors follow may not prevent the improper access to, disclosure of, or loss of such information. Continued investments in cybersecurity will increase our costs and a failure to prevent access to our systems could lead to penalties, litigation, and damage to our reputation. Perceptions that we do not adequately protect the privacy of information could harm our relationship with clients and employees.

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Data security, data privacy and data protection laws and other technology regulations increase our costs.
Laws and regulations related to privacy and data protection are evolving and generally becoming more stringent. We may fail to implement practices and procedures that comply with increasing international and domestic privacy regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulations or the California Consumer Privacy Act. Several additional U.S. states have issued cybersecurity regulations that outline a variety of required security measures for protection of data. These regulations are designed to protect client, candidate, associate, and employee data and require that we meet stringent requirements regarding the handling of personal data, including the use, protection and transfer of personal data. As these laws continue to change, we may be required to make changes to our services, solutions or products to meet the new legal requirements. Changes in these laws may increase our costs to comply as well as our potential costs through higher potential penalties for non-compliance. Failure to protect the integrity and security of such confidential and/or proprietary information could expose us to regulatory fines, litigation, contractual liability, damage to our reputation and increased compliance costs.
Improper disclosure of, or access to our clients’ information could materially harm our business.
Our associates and employees may have access to or exposure to confidential information about applicants, candidates, associates, other employees and clients. The security controls over sensitive or confidential information and other practices we, our clients and our third-party vendors follow may not prevent the improper access to, disclosure of, or loss of such information. Failure to protect the integrity and security of such confidential and/or proprietary information could expose us to regulatory fines, litigation, contractual liability, damage to our reputation and increased compliance costs.
GENERAL RISK FACTORS
Demand for our workforce solutions is significantly affected by fluctuations in general economic conditions.
The demand for our workforce solutions is highly dependent upon the state of the economy and the workforce needs of our clients, which creates uncertainty and volatility. National and global economic activity is slowed by many factors, including rising interest rates, political and legislative changes, epidemics, other significant health concerns, and global trade uncertainties. As economic activity slows, companies tend to reduce their use of associates and recruitment of new employees. We work in a broad range of industries that primarily include construction, manufacturing and logistics, warehousing and distribution, waste and recycling, energy, retail, and hospitality. For example, we have recently experienced significantly reduced demand from our clients due to COVID-19. Significant declines in demand from any region or industry in which we have a major presence, or the financial health of our clients, significantly decreases our revenues and profits. The travel and hospitality industry was more severely impacted by COVID-19 and is expected to recover slowly. Deterioration in economic conditions or the financial or credit markets could also have an adverse impact on our clients’ financial health or their ability to pay for services we have already provided.
It is difficult for us to forecast future demand for our services due to the inherent uncertainty in forecasting the direction and strength of economic cycles and the project nature of our staffing assignments. The uncertainty can be exacerbated by volatile economic conditions, which has caused and may continue to cause clients to reduce or defer projects for which they utilize our services. The negative impact to our business can occur before, during or after a decline in economic activity is seen in the broader economy. When it is difficult for us to accurately forecast future demand, we may not be able to determine the optimal level of personnel and investment necessary to profitably manage our business in light of opportunities and risks we face.
Outsourcing certain aspects of our business could result in disruption and increased costs.
We have outsourced certain aspects of our business to third-party vendors. These relationships subject us to significant risks including disruptions in our business and increased costs. For example, we license software from third parties, much of which is central to our systems and our business. The licenses are generally terminable if we breach our obligations under the license agreements. If any of these relationships were terminated, or if any of these parties were to cease doing business or supporting the applications we currently utilize, our business could be disrupted and we may be forced to spend significant time and money to replace the licensed software. In addition, we have engaged third parties to host and manage certain aspects of our data center, information and technology infrastructure, mobile apps, and electronic pay solutions, to provide certain back office support activities, and to support business process outsourcing for our clients. We are subject to the risks associated with the vendors’ inability to provide these services in a manner that meets our needs. If the cost of these services is more than expected, if the vendors suddenly cease providing their services, if we or the vendors fail to adequately protect our data and information is lost, or if our ability to deliver our services is interrupted, then our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted.

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We may not achieve the intended effects of our business strategy which could negatively impact our results.
Our business strategy focuses on driving growth in our PeopleReady, PeopleManagement and PeopleScout business segments by investing in innovative technology and initiatives which drive organic growth. These investments may not achieve our desired results or may be impacted by matters outside of our control. If we are unsuccessful in executing any of these strategies, we may not achieve our goal of revenue and profitability growth, which could negatively impact financial results.
Failure of our information technology systems could adversely affect our operating results.
The efficient operation of our business and applications and services we provide is dependent on reliable technology. We rely on our information technology systems to monitor and control our operations, adjust to changing market conditions, implement strategic initiatives, and provide services to clients. We rely heavily on proprietary and third-party information technology systems, mobile device technology data centers, cloud-based environments and other technology. We take various precautions and have enhanced controls around these systems, but information technology systems are susceptible to damage, disruptions, shutdowns, power outages, hardware failures, computer viruses, malicious attacks, telecommunication failures, user errors, catastrophic events or failures during the process of upgrading or replacing software, vendors, or databases. The failure of technology and our applications and services, and our information systems to perform as anticipated could disrupt our business and result in decreased revenue and increased overhead costs, causing our business and results of operations to suffer materially.
Our facilities, operations and information technology systems are vulnerable to damage and interruption.
Our primary computer systems, headquarters, support facilities and operations are vulnerable to damage or interruption from power outages, computer and telecommunications failures, computer viruses, employee errors, security breaches, natural disasters, civil unrest, and catastrophic events. Failure of our systems or damage to our facilities may cause significant interruption to our business, and require significant additional capital and management resources to resolve, causing material harm to our business.
Acquisitions may have an adverse effect on our business.
We may continue making acquisitions a part of our business strategy. This strategy may be impeded, however, and we may not achieve our long-term growth goals if we cannot identify suitable acquisition candidates or if acquisition candidates are not available under acceptable terms. We may have difficulty integrating acquired companies into our operating, financial planning, and financial reporting systems and may not effectively manage acquired companies to achieve expected growth.
Future acquisitions could result in incurring additional debt and contingent liabilities, an increase in interest expense, amortization expense, and charges related to integration costs. Additional indebtedness could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations. We may also issue equity securities to pay for an acquisition, which could result in dilution to our shareholders. Any acquisitions we announce could be viewed negatively by investors, which may adversely affect the price of our common stock. Acquisitions can also result in the addition of goodwill and intangible assets to our financial statements and we may be required to record a significant charge in our financial statements during the period in which we determine an impairment of our acquired goodwill and intangible assets has occurred, which would negatively impact our financial results. The potential loss of key executives, employees, clients, suppliers, vendors, and other business partners of businesses we acquire may adversely impact the value of the assets, operations, or business we acquire. These events could cause material harm to our business, operating results or financial condition.
Our results of operations could materially deteriorate if we fail to attract, develop and retain qualified employees.
Our performance is dependent on attracting and retaining qualified employees who are able to meet the needs of our clients. We believe our competitive advantage is providing unique solutions for each client, which requires us to have trained and engaged employees. Our success depends upon our ability to attract, develop and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees, including management, sales, recruiting, service, technology and administrative personnel. The turnover rate in the employment services industry is high, and qualified individuals may be difficult to attract and hire. Our inability to recruit, train, motivate and provide a safe working environment to a sufficient number of qualified individuals may delay or affect the speed and quality of our strategy execution and planned growth. Delayed expansion, significant increases in employee turnover rates, failure to keep our staff healthy or significant increases in labor costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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We face risks in operating internationally.
A portion of our business operations and support functions are located outside of the U.S. These international operations are subject to a number of risks, including the effects of COVID-19 and governmental action, such as travel restrictions and “stay-at-home” orders, political and economic conditions in those foreign countries, foreign currency fluctuations, the burden of complying with various foreign laws and technical standards, unpredictable changes in foreign regulations, U.S. legal requirements governing U.S. companies operating in foreign countries, legal and cultural differences in the conduct of business, potential adverse tax consequences and difficulty in staffing and managing international operations. We have operations in the United Kingdom, which could be negatively impacted as clients in the United Kingdom encounter uncertainties related to the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union. We could also be exposed to fines and penalties under U.S. or foreign laws, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which prohibits improper payments to governmental officials and others for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws, we cannot be sure that our employees, contractors or agents will not violate such policies. Any such violations could materially damage our reputation, brands, business and operating results. Further, changes in U.S. laws and policies governing foreign investment and use of foreign operations or workers, and any negative sentiments towards the U.S. resulting from such changes, could adversely affect our operations.
We may have additional tax liabilities that exceed our estimates.
We are subject to federal taxes, a multitude of state and local taxes in the U.S., and taxes in foreign jurisdictions. We face continued uncertainty surrounding ongoing job tax credits we utilize, and for the recent business tax incentives related to measures taken to soften the impact of COVID-19. In the ordinary course of our business, there are transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. We are regularly subject to audit by tax authorities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could be materially different from our historical tax provisions and accruals. The results of an audit or litigation with tax authorities could materially harm our business. Changes in interpretation of existing laws and regulations by a taxing authority could result in penalties and increased costs in the future. The taxing authorities of the jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for valuing intercompany arrangements or may change their laws, which could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our financial position and results of operations.
Failure to maintain adequate financial and management processes and controls could lead to errors in our financial reporting.
If our management is unable to certify the effectiveness of our internal controls, including those over our third-party vendors, our independent registered public accounting firm cannot render an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting, or if material weaknesses in our internal controls are identified, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny and a loss of public confidence. In addition, if we do not maintain adequate financial and management personnel, processes and controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial performance on a timely basis, which could cause our stock price to decline.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, which may result in losses for investors.
The market price for our common stock has been and may be subject to significant volatility. Our stock price can fluctuate as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include, but are not limited to, changes in general economic conditions, including those caused by COVID-19; social unrest; announcement of new services or acquisitions by us or our competitors; changes in financial estimates or other statements by securities analysts; changes in industry trends or conditions; regulatory developments; and any major change in our Board or management. In addition, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated to the operating performance of listed companies. These broad market and industry factors may impact the price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance.

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Item 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The table below includes repurchases of our common stock pursuant to publicly announced plans or programs and those not made pursuant to publicly announced plans or programs during the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021.

Period | Total number of shares purchased (1) | Weighted average price paid per share (2) | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs | Maximum number of shares (or approximate dollar value) that may yet be purchased under plans or programs at period end (3)
12/28/2020 through 01/24/2021 | 4,724 |  | $18.32 |  | — |  | $66.7 million
01/25/2021 through 02/21/2021 | 121,317 |  | $19.75 |  | — |  | $66.7 million
02/22/2021 through 03/28/2021 | 3,425 |  | $20.60 |  | — |  | $66.7 million
Total | 129,466 |  | $19.72 |  | — |  |

(1)During the thirteen weeks ended March 28, 2021, we purchased 129,466 shares in order to satisfy employee tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock. These shares were not acquired pursuant to our publicly announced share repurchase program.
(2)Weighted average price paid per share does not include any adjustments for commissions.
(3)On October 16, 2019, our Board of Directors authorized a $100.0 million share repurchase program of our outstanding common stock. The share repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock and does not have expiration dates. As of March 28, 2021, $66.7 million remains available for repurchase under the existing authorization. The second amendment to our credit agreement prohibits us from repurchasing shares until July 1, 2021.

Item 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

Item 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.

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Item 6. | INDEX TO EXHIBITS

|  |  | Incorporated by reference
Exhibit number | Exhibit description | Filed herewith | Form | File no. | Date of first filing
3.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation. |  | 8-K | 001-14543 | 05/12/2016
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws. |  | 10-Q | 001-14543 | 10/30/2017
31.1 | Certification of A. Patrick Beharelle, Chief Executive Officer of TrueBlue, Inc., Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | X |  |  |
31.2 | Certification of Derrek L. Gafford, Chief Financial Officer of TrueBlue, Inc., Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | X |  |  |
32.1 | Certification of A. Patrick Beharelle, Chief Executive Officer of TrueBlue, Inc. and Derrek L. Gafford, Chief Financial Officer of TrueBlue, Inc., Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | X |  |  |
101 | The following financial statements from the Company’s 10-Q, formatted as Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) Notes to consolidated financial statements. | X |  |  |
104 | Cover page interactive data file - The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is formatted as Inline XBRL | X |  |  |

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | TrueBlue, Inc. |  |
|  | /s/ A. Patrick Beharelle | 4/26/2021 |
|  | Signature | Date |
| By: | A. Patrick Beharelle, Director, President and Chief Executive Officer |  |
|  | /s/ Derrek L. Gafford | 4/26/2021 |
|  | Signature | Date |
| By: | Derrek L. Gafford, Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President |  |
|  | /s/ Richard B. Christensen | 4/26/2021 |
|  | Signature | Date |
| By: | Richard B. Christensen, Chief Accounting Officer and Senior Vice President |  |

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