Property, plant and equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Disclosure of detailed information about property, plant and equipment [abstract]

11	Property, plant and equipment

See accounting policies in notes 36(H), (L)(ii) and (M).


	Right-of-use assets (note (a))			Leasehold improvements			Fixtures and furniture			Office and lab equipment			Computer equipment			Motor vehicles			Manufacturing equipment			Total
	$			$			$			$			$			$			$			$
Cost:
At January 1, 2021		3,401,069			1,205,969			98,033			4,026,763			587,652			183,627			—			9,503,113
Additions		5,370,122			2,702,786			23,885			3,834,862			406,613			316,462			1,262,337			13,917,067
Additions from acquisition		—			—			26,511			8,912			34,769			—			—			70,192
Disposals		(137,959	)		—			—			(702,458	)		(56,005	)		(40,411	)		—			(936,833	)
Written off		—			—			(102,101	)		(1,570,248	)		(524,370	)		(2,679	)		(99,656	)		(2,299,054	)
Exchange differences		199,969			(10,333	)		(6,354	)		(15,493	)		(9,116	)		(3,817	)		—			154,856

At December 31, 2021 and January 1, 2022		8,833,201			3,898,422			39,974			5,582,338			439,543			453,182			1,162,681			20,409,341
Additions		833,538			598,672			569			4,160,369			188,541			—			—			5,781,689
Additions from acquisition (note 3 3 (C))		4,623,601			3,102,189			—			6,898,517			—			8,261			—			14,632,568
Disposals		—			(30,492	)		—			(357,127	)		(65,993	)		(55,847	)		—			(509,459	)
Written off		(40,080	)		—			—			(438,530	)		(6,320	)		—			(1,158,041	)		(1,642,971	)
Exchange differences		(180,180	)		(92,424	)		(3,669	)		(158,913	)		(37,044	)		(40,483	)		(4,640	)		(517,353	)

At December 31, 2022		14,070,080			7,476,367			36,874			15,686,654			518,727			365,113			—			38,153,815

Accumulated depreciation and impairment loss:
At January 1, 2021		1,857,471			769,573			70,865			1,737,854			364,695			9,337			—			4,809,795
Charge for the year		1,542,566			693,032			25,697			1,544,258			182,186			123,192			177,184			4,288,115
Written back on disposal		(137,959	)		—			—			(39,020	)		(39,635	)		(6,735	)		—			(223,349	)
Written off		—			—			(84,050	)		(1,196,444	)		(360,256	)		(850	)		(7,944	)		(1,649,544	)
Exchange differences		256,698			(3,448	)		5,414			(115,726	)		5,494			(1,300	)		—			147,132

At December 31, 2021 and January 1, 2022		3,518,776			1,459,157			17,926			1,930,922			152,484			123,644			169,240			7,372,149
Charge for the year		2,087,167			1,088,119			10,582			2,287,110			127,052			136,524			250,334			5,986,888
Additions from acquisition (note 3 3 (C))		2,720,997			2,199,166			—			4,058,977			—			4,246			—			8,983,386
Written back on disposal		—			(24,776	)		—			(285,044	)		(41,151	)		(35,574	)		—			(386,545	)
Written off		(34,068	)		—			—			(176,672	)		(5,964	)		—			(1,158,041	)		(1,374,745	)
Impairment loss (note 8(c))		—			297,061			—			3,308,559			102,776			—			739,214			4,447,610
Exchange differences		26,090			(21,879	)		(6,128	)		51,607			(13,907	)		(12,510	)		(747	)		22,526

At December 31, 2022		8,318,962			4,996,848			22,380			11,175,459			321,290			216,330			—			25,051,269

Carrying amounts:
At December 31, 2022		5,751,118			2,479,519			14,494			4,511,195			197,437			148,783			—			13,102,546

At December 31, 2021		5,314,425			2,439,265			22,048			3,651,416			287,059			329,538			993,441			13,037,192

(a)	Right-of-use assets

The analysis of the carrying amount of

right-of-use

assets by class of underlying asset is as follows:


	Note	2022		2021
		$		$
Properties leased for own use, carried at depreciated cost	(i)		5,739,426		5,261,372
Office equipment, carried at depreciated cost	(ii)		11,692		53,053

			5,751,118		5,314,425

The analysis of expense items in relation to leases recognized in profit or loss is as follows:


	2022		2021		2020
	$		$		$
Depreciation charge of right-of-use assets by class of underlying asset:
- Properties leased for own use		2,039,815		1,535,333		575,787
- Office equipment		47,352		7,233		8,048

		2,087,167		1,542,566		583,835

Interest on lease liabilities (note 8(a))		244,085		205,915		49,400
Expense relating to short-term leases or leases of low-value assets		831,631		1,019,937		429,691

During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, additions to

right-of-use

assets of $833,538, $5,370,122 and $949,810, respectively, are mainly resulted from the capitalized lease payment payable under new tenancy agreements.

Details of the maturity analysis of lease liabilities are set out in note 2

(i)	Properties leased for own use

The Group has obtained the right to use some properties as its warehouses and offices through tenancy agreements. The leases typically run for an initial period of 2 to 10 years.

Some leases include an option to renew the lease for an additional period after the end of the contract term. Where practicable, the Group seeks to include such extension options exercisable by the Group to provide operational flexibility. The Group assesses at lease commencement date whether it is reasonably certain to exercise the extension options. If the Group is not reasonably certain to exercise the extension options, the future lease payments during the extension periods are not included in the measurement of lease liabilities. The potential exposure to future lease payments in relation to such leases are assessed as insignificant.

(ii)	Office equipment

The Group leases office equipment under a lease expiring in 5 years. The lease does not include an option to renew the lease or purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term at a price deemed to be a bargain purchase option. The lease does not include variable lease payments.

(b)	Amounts recognized in consolidated statement of cash flows

Amounts included in the consolidated statement of cash flows for leases comprise the following:


	2022			2021			2020
	$			$			$
Within operating cash flows		(831,631	)		(1,019,937	)		(429,691	)
Within financing cash flows		(2,121,981	)		(1,504,946	)		(660,326	)

		(2,953,612	)		(2,524,883	)		(1,090,017	)