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Income tax expense/(credit) (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income tax expense/(credit)  
Summary of income tax credit
    
2022
    
2021
    
2020
 
     $      $      $  
Current tax - Hong Kong Profits Tax
                          
Provision for the year
     7,338,274        1,164,222        —    
Current tax - Overseas
                          
Provision for the year
     88,463        38,475        19,671  
Deferred tax
                          
Origination and reversal of temporary differences
     (279,633      2,530,047        (1,957,229
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Tax expense/(credit)
     7,147,104        3,732,744        (1,937,558
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Schedule of reconciliation between tax credit credited to profit or loss and accounting loss
    
2022
    
2021
    
2020
 
     $      $      $  
Loss before taxation
     (183,306,283      (170,284,098      (3,901,443
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notional tax on loss before taxation, calculated at the applicable rate
     (18,117,948      (6,622,976      (697,772
Tax effect of
non-deductible
expenses
     25,595,035        11,587,117        1,111,877  
Tax effect of
non-taxable
income
     (168,565      (1,008,915      (76,874
Tax effect of temporary difference not recognized
     —          —          73,833  
Tax effect on utilization of previously unrecognized tax losses
     —          (579,657      (692,350
Tax effect of tax losses not recognized
     101,854        —          298,651  
Tax effect of previously unrecognized temporary differences recognized in current year
     (263,272      360,922        (1,957,229
Others
     —          (3,747      2,306  
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
       7,147,104        3,732,744        (1,937,558
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities recognized
    
Depreciation
allowances
in excess of
the related
depreciation
   
Tax losses
recognized
   
Intangible
assets
arising from
business
combination
   
Total
 
     $     $     $     $  
Deferred tax arising from:
                                
At January 1, 2020
     36,504       (1,169,865     1,133,361       —    
Charged/(credited) to profit or loss
     315,514       (2,138,179     (134,564     (1,957,229
Exchange differences
     12,727       (39,709     33,057       6,075  
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
At December 31, 2020 and January 1, 2021
     364,745       (3,347,753     1,031,854       (1,951,154
Charged to profit or loss
     906,775       1,528,881       94,391       2,530,047  
Exchange differences
     (3,839     9,710       (4,968     903  
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
At December 31, 2021 and January 1, 2022
     1,267,681       (1,809,162     1,121,277       579,796  
(Credited)/charged to profit or loss
     (957,459     1,799,103       (1,121,277     (279,633
Additions from acquisition (note 33(C))
     63,666       (235,879 )     2,850,000       2,677,787  
Exchange differences
     (38,448     2,489       —         (35,959
    
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
At December 31, 2022
     335,440       (243,449     2,850,000       2,941,991  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of Deferred Tax Liability Asset Explanatory
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
2022
 
 
2021
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
$
 
 
$
 
Represented by:
  
  
  
 
Deferred tax assets
  
 
                
 
  
 
                
 
  
 
(243,449
 
 
(79,702
Deferred tax liabilities
  
  
  
 
3,185,440
 
 
 
659,498
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
2,941,991
 
 
 
579,796
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of Expiry Date Of Cumulative Tax Losses Explanatory
The expiry dates of the cumulative tax losses are as follows:
 
 
  
2022
 
  
2021
 
 
  
$
 
  
$
 
Within 1 year
 
 
893,511
 
 
 
—  
 
Over 1 year but within 5 years
 
 
14,362,136
 
 
 
—  
 
Over 5 years but within 10 years
 
 
25,085,050
 
 
 
—  
 
Do not expire under the relevant tax legislations
 
 
22,245,856
 
 
 
—  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
62,586,553
 
 
 
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