10-Q 1 sec10q033117.htm FORM 10-Q AT 03/31/17

United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____________ to ____________
Commission file number 0-20914
OHIO VALLEY BANC CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ohio | 31-1359191
(State of Incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

420 Third Avenue |
Gallipolis, Ohio | 45631
(Address of principal executive offices) | (ZIP Code)

(740) 446-2631
(Issuer's telephone number, including area code)
_____________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data file required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☒
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of common shares of the registrant outstanding as of May 10, 2017 was 4,680,883.

OHIO VALLEY BANC CORP.
Index

|  | Page Number
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 7
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 35
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 36
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 37
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 37
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 37
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 37
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 37
Item 5. | Other Information | 37
Item 6. | Exhibits | 37
Signatures |  | 38
Exhibit Index |  | 39

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

OHIO VALLEY BANC CORP. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

|  | March 31, 2017 |  |  | December 31, 2016 |
|  | UNAUDITED |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and noninterest-bearing deposits with banks |  | $ | 11,498 |  |  | $ | 12,512 |
Interest-bearing deposits with banks |  |  | 100,419 |  |  |  | 27,654 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 111,917 |  |  |  | 40,166 |
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions |  |  | 1,425 |  |  |  | 1,670 |
Securities available for sale |  |  | 103,172 |  |  |  | 96,490 |
Securities held to maturity (estimated fair value: 2017 - $19,376; 2016 - $19,171) |  |  | 18,827 |  |  |  | 18,665 |
Restricted investments in bank stocks |  |  | 7,506 |  |  |  | 7,506 |
Total loans |  |  | 738,861 |  |  |  | 734,901 |
Less: Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (7,315 | ) |  |  | (7,699 | )
Net loans |  |  | 731,546 |  |  |  | 727,202 |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 13,468 |  |  |  | 12,783 |
Other real estate owned |  |  | 2,049 |  |  |  | 2,129 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 2,299 |  |  |  | 2,315 |
Goodwill |  |  | 7,371 |  |  |  | 7,801 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 629 |  |  |  | 670 |
Bank owned life insurance and annuity assets |  |  | 29,347 |  |  |  | 29,349 |
Other assets |  |  | 7,176 |  |  |  | 7,894 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,036,732 |  |  | $ | 954,640 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing deposits |  | $ | 287,130 |  |  | $ | 209,576 |
Interest-bearing deposits |  |  | 580,773 |  |  |  | 580,876 |
Total deposits |  |  | 867,903 |  |  |  | 790,452 |
Other borrowed funds |  |  | 39,285 |  |  |  | 37,085 |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 8,500 |  |  |  | 8,500 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 13,393 |  |  |  | 14,075 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 929,081 |  |  |  | 850,112 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (See Note 5) |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock ($1.00 stated value per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 2017 - 5,340,622 shares issued; 2016 - 5,325,504 shares issued) |  |  | 5,341 |  |  |  | 5,326 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 47,201 |  |  |  | 46,788 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 71,354 |  |  |  | 69,117 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (533 | ) |  |  | (991 | )
Treasury stock, at cost (659,739 shares) |  |  | (15,712 | ) |  |  | (15,712 | )
Total shareholders' equity |  |  | 107,651 |  |  |  | 104,528 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity |  | $ | 1,036,732 |  |  | $ | 954,640 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
3

OHIO VALLEY BANC CORP. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED) (dollars in thousands, except per share data)

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Interest and dividend income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees |  | $ | 10,790 |  |  | $ | 8,927 |
Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  |  | 488 |  |  |  | 488 |
Tax exempt |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | 114 |
Dividends |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | 74 |
Other Interest |  |  | 265 |  |  |  | 167 |
|  |  | 11,738 |  |  |  | 9,770 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | 498 |
Other borrowed funds |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 125 |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | 47 |
|  |  | 873 |  |  |  | 670 |
Net interest income |  |  | 10,865 |  |  |  | 9,100 |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 145 |  |  |  | 479 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses |  |  | 10,720 |  |  |  | 8,621 |
Noninterest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts |  |  | 504 |  |  |  | 405 |
Trust fees |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 60 |
Income from bank owned life insurance and annuity assets |  |  | 222 |  |  |  | 209 |
Mortgage banking income |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 57 |
Electronic refund check / deposit fees |  |  | 1,376 |  |  |  | 1,754 |
Debit / credit card interchange income |  |  | 780 |  |  |  | 586 |
Loss on other real estate owned |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | (5 | )
Other |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | 169 |
|  |  | 3,113 |  |  |  | 3,235 |
Noninterest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 5,364 |  |  |  | 4,570 |
Occupancy |  |  | 434 |  |  |  | 429 |
Furniture and equipment |  |  | 260 |  |  |  | 185 |
Professional fees |  |  | 453 |  |  |  | 337 |
Marketing expense |  |  | 255 |  |  |  | 247 |
FDIC insurance |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | 149 |
Data processing |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | 353 |
Software |  |  | 359 |  |  |  | 292 |
Foreclosed assets |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | 65 |
Amortization of intangibles |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | ---- |
Merger related expenses |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 227 |
Other |  |  | 1,297 |  |  |  | 1,115 |
|  |  | 9,375 |  |  |  | 7,969 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 4,458 |  |  |  | 3,887 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 1,241 |  |  |  | 1,055 |
NET INCOME |  | $ | 3,217 |  |  | $ | 2,832 |
Earnings per share |  | $ | .69 |  |  | $ | .69 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
4

OHIO VALLEY BANC CORP. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED) (dollars in thousands) |
|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Net Income |  | $ | 3,217 |  |  | $ | 2,832 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in unrealized loss on available for sale securities |  |  | 694 |  |  |  | 938 |
Related tax benefit |  |  | (236 | ) |  |  | (319 | )
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  | 458 |  |  |  | 619 |
Total comprehensive income |  | $ | 3,675 |  |  | $ | 3,451 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
5

OHIO VALLEY BANC CORP. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) (dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) |
|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 104,528 |  |  | $ | 90,470 |
Net income |  |  | 3,217 |  |  |  | 2,832 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  | 458 |  |  |  | 619 |
Common stock issued to ESOP (2017 - 15,118 shares issued; 2016 - 24,572 shares issued) |  |  | 428 |  |  |  | 575 |
Cash dividends |  |  | (980 | ) |  |  | (865 | )
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 107,651 |  |  | $ | 93,631 |
Cash dividends per share |  | $ | .21 |  |  | $ | .21 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
6

OHIO VALLEY BANC CORP. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (dollars in thousands) |
|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Net cash provided by operating activities: |  | $ | 4,137 |  |  | $ | 5,344 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities of securities available for sale |  |  | 3,935 |  |  |  | 4,538 |
Purchases of securities available for sale |  |  | (10,010 | ) |  |  | ---- |
Proceeds from maturities of securities held to maturity |  |  | 214 |  |  |  | 466 |
Purchases of securities held to maturity |  |  | (389 | ) |  |  | (80 | )
Proceeds from maturities of certificates of deposit in financial institutions |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | 245 |
Net change in loans |  |  | (4,951 | ) |  |  | (304 | )
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned |  |  | 580 |  |  |  | 205 |
Purchases of premises and equipment |  |  | (959 | ) |  |  | (221 | )
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | ---- |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | (11,111 | ) |  |  | 4,849 |
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in deposits |  |  | 77,505 |  |  |  | 80,259 |
Cash dividends |  |  | (980 | ) |  |  | (865 | )
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings |  |  | 2,785 |  |  |  | 4,527 |
Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings |  |  | (462 | ) |  |  | (329 | )
Change in other long-term borrowings |  |  | (112 | ) |  |  | ---- |
Change in other short-term borrowings |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | (11 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  |  | 78,725 |  |  |  | 83,581 |
Change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 71,751 |  |  |  | 93,774 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 40,166 |  |  |  | 45,530 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 111,917 |  |  | $ | 139,304 |
Supplemental disclosure: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 845 |  |  | $ | 649 |
Cash paid for income taxes |  |  | 511 |  |  |  | ---- |
Transfers from loans to other real estate owned |  |  | 635 |  |  |  | 30 |
Other real estate owned sales financed by The Ohio Valley Bank Company |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 274 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
7

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
NOTE 1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF PRESENTATION: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Ohio Valley Banc Corp. ("Ohio Valley") and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, The Ohio Valley Bank Company (the "Bank"), Loan Central, Inc. ("Loan Central"), a consumer finance company, Ohio Valley Financial Services Agency, LLC ("Ohio Valley Financial Services"), an insurance agency, and OVBC Captive, Inc. ("the Captive"), a limited purpose property and casualty insurance company. Ohio Valley and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as the "Company". All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
These interim financial statements are prepared by the Company without audit and reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position of the Company at March 31, 2017, and its results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be anticipated for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2017. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not purport to contain all the necessary financial disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("US GAAP") that might otherwise be necessary in the circumstances. The Annual Report of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2016 contains consolidated financial statements and related notes which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
The consolidated financial statements for 2016 have been reclassified to conform to the presentation for 2017. These reclassifications had no effect on the net results of operations or shareholders' equity.
USE OF ESTIMATES IN THE PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: The accounting and reporting policies followed by the Company conform to US GAAP established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ.
INDUSTRY SEGMENT INFORMATION: Internal financial information is primarily reported and aggregated in two lines of business, banking and consumer finance.
EARNINGS PER SHARE: Earnings per share are computed based on net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average common shares outstanding were 4,672,316 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 4,127,666 for the three months ended March 31, 2016. Ohio Valley had no dilutive effect and no potential common shares issuable under stock options or other agreements for any period presented.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS: In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)". The ASU creates a new topic, Topic 606, to provide guidance on revenue recognition for entities that enter into contracts with customers to transfer goods or services or enter into contracts for the transfer of nonfinancial assets. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additional disclosures are required to provide quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted on January 1, 2017. Adoption by the Company is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities". The update provides updated accounting and reporting requirements for both public and non-public entities. The most significant provisions that will impact the Company are: 1) equity securities available for sale will be measured at fair value, with the changes in fair value recognized in the income statement; 2) eliminate the requirement to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments at amortized cost on the balance sheet; 3) utilization of the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; and 4) require separate presentation of both financial assets and liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or accompanying notes to the financial statements. The update will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, using a cumulative-effect adjustment to the balance sheet as of the beginning of the year of adoption. Early adoption is not permitted. Management is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
8

In February 2016, the FASB issued an update (ASU 2016-02, Leases) which will require lessees to record most leases on their balance sheet and recognize leasing expenses in the income statement. Operating leases, except for short-term leases that are subject to an accounting policy election, will be recorded on the balance sheet for lessees by establishing a lease liability and corresponding right-of-use asset. The guidance in this ASU will become effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. Management is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses". ASU 2016-13 requires entities to report "expected" credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit rather than the current "incurred loss" model. These expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date are to be based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU will also require enhanced disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an entity's portfolio. These disclosures include qualitative and quantitative requirements that provide additional information about the amounts recorded in the financial statements. This ASU is effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted, for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2018. Management is currently in the developmental stages, collecting available historical information, in order to assess the expected credit losses. However, the impact to the financial statements are still yet to be determined.
In August 2016, FASB issued an update (ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows") (Topic 230), which addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments in this update apply to all entities, including business entities and not-for-profit entities that are required to present a statement of cash flows, and are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. Adoption by the Company is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In January 2017, the FASB issued an update (ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other) which is intended to simplify the measurement of goodwill in periods following the date on which the goodwill is initially recorded. Under the amendments in this update, an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. However, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. A public business entity that is a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filer should adopt the amendments in this update for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Adoption by the Company is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
NOTE 2 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
9

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
The following is a description of the Company's valuation methodologies used to measure and disclose the fair values of its financial assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis:
Securities: The fair values for securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). During times when trading is more liquid, broker quotes are used (if available) to validate the model. Rating agency and industry research reports as well as defaults and deferrals on individual securities are reviewed and incorporated into the calculations.
Impaired Loans: At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value generally receive specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower's financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management's historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management's expertise and knowledge of the client and client's business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly.
Other Real Estate Owned: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.
Appraisals for both collateral-dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, a member of management reviews the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with management's own assumptions of fair value based on factors that include recent market data or industry-wide statistics. On an as-needed basis, the Company reviews the fair value of collateral, taking into consideration current market data, as well as all selling costs that typically approximate 10%.
Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

|  | Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2017 Using |
|  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities |  |  | ---- |  |  | $ | 10,576 |  |  |  | ---- |
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 92,596 |  |  |  | ---- |

|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using |
|  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities |  |  | ---- |  |  | $ | 10,544 |  |  |  | ---- |
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 85,946 |  |  |  | ---- |

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2017 or 2016.
10

Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are summarized below:

|  | Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2017, Using |
|  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  | $ | 290 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 2,462 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 375 |
Other real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 754 |

|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016, Using |
|  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  | $ | 3,536 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 1,985 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 298 |
Other real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 754 |

At March 31, 2017, the recorded investment of impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans totaled $3,581, with a corresponding valuation allowance of $454, resulting in a decrease of $221 in provision expense during the three months ended March 31, 2017, with $558 in additional charge-offs recognized. This is compared to an increase of $89 in provision expense during the three month ended March 31, 2016, with no additional charge-offs recognized. At December 31, 2016, the recorded investment of impaired loans measured for impairment using the fair value of collateral for collateral-dependent loans totaled $8,732, with a corresponding valuation allowance of $2,913, resulting in an increase of $2,509 in provision expense during the year ended December 31, 2016, with no additional charge-offs recognized.
Other real estate owned that was measured at fair value less costs to sell at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 had a net carrying amount of $754, which is made up of the outstanding balance of $2,217, net of a valuation allowance of $1,463 at December 31, 2016. There were no corresponding write downs during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016.
11

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

March 31, 2017 |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input(s) |  | Range |  | (Weighted Average) |
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  | $ | 290 |  | Sales approach |  | Adjustment to comparables |  | 15.7% to 52% |  |  | 31.7% |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 2,462 |  | Sales approach |  | Adjustment to comparables |  | 0% to 250% |  |  | 58.6% |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 375 |  | Sales approach |  | Adjustment to comparables |  | 2% to 14.2% |  |  | 8.1% |
Other real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction |  |  | 754 |  | Sales approach |  | Adjustment to comparables |  | 0% to 30% |  |  | 11.7% |

December 31, 2016 |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input(s) |  | Range |  | (Weighted Average) |
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  | $ | 3,536 |  | Sales approach |  | Adjustment to comparables |  | 0% to 65% |  |  | 13.7% |
|  |  |  |  | Cost approach |  | Adjustment to comparables |  | 0% to 29.5% |  |  | 14.8% |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 1,985 |  | Sales approach |  | Adjustment to comparables |  | 0% to 250% |  |  | 58.6% |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 298 |  | Sales approach |  | Adjustment to comparables |  | 0.9% to 9.7% |  |  | 5.2% |
Other real estate owned: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction |  |  | 754 |  | Sales approach |  | Adjustment to comparables |  | 0% to 30% |  |  | 11.7% |

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are as follows:

|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2017 Using:
|  | Carrying Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 111,917 |  |  | $ | 111,917 |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 111,917
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions |  |  | 1,425 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 1,425 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 1,425
Securities available for sale |  |  | 103,172 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 103,172 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 103,172
Securities held to maturity |  |  | 18,827 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 9,964 |  |  |  | 9,411 |  |  |  | 19,375
Restricted investments in bank stocks |  |  | 7,506 |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A
Loans, net |  |  | 731,546 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 732,323 |  |  |  | 732,323
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 2,299 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 365 |  |  |  | 1,934 |  |  |  | 2,299
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 867,903 |  |  |  | 287,130 |  |  |  | 581,065 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 868,195
Other borrowed funds |  |  | 39,285 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 37,977 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 37,977
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 8,500 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 6,141 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 6,141
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 543 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 542 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 543

12

|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 Using:
|  | Carrying Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 40,166 |  |  | $ | 40,166 |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 40,166
Certificates of deposit in financial institutions |  |  | 1,670 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 1,670 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 1,670
Securities available for sale |  |  | 96,490 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 96,490 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 96,490
Securities held to maturity |  |  | 18,665 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 9,541 |  |  |  | 9,630 |  |  |  | 19,171
Restricted investments in bank stocks |  |  | 7,506 |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | N/A
Loans, net |  |  | 727,202 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 727,079 |  |  |  | 727,079
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 2,315 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | 2,091 |  |  |  | 2,315
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 790,452 |  |  |  | 209,576 |  |  |  | 581,340 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 790,916
Other borrowed funds |  |  | 37,085 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 35,948 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 35,948
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 8,500 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 5,821 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 5,821
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 513 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 513

The methods and assumptions, not previously presented, used to estimate fair values are described as follows:
Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amounts of cash and short-term instruments approximate fair values and are classified as Level 1.
Certificates of Deposit in Financial Institutions: The carrying amounts of certificates of deposit in financial institutions approximate fair values and are classified as Level 2.
Securities Held to Maturity: The fair values for securities held to maturity are determined in the same manner as securities held for sale and discussed earlier in this note. Level 3 securities consist of nonrated municipal bonds and tax credit ("QZAB") bonds.
Restricted Investments in Bank Stocks: It is not practical to determine the fair value of Federal Home Loan Bank, Federal Reserve Bank and United Bankers Bank stock due to restrictions placed on their transferability.
Loans: Fair values of loans are estimated as follows: The fair value of fixed rate loans is estimated by discounting future cash flows using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality resulting in a Level 3 classification. For variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values resulting in a Level 3 classification. Impaired loans are valued at the lower of cost or fair value as described previously. The methods utilized to estimate the fair value of loans do not necessarily represent an exit price.
Deposits: The fair values disclosed for noninterest-bearing deposits are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amount) resulting in a Level 1 classification. The carrying amounts of variable rate, fixed-term money market accounts and certificates of deposit approximate their fair values at the reporting date resulting in a Level 2 classification. Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using a discounted cash flows calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits resulting in a Level 2 classification.
Other Borrowed Funds: The carrying values of the Company's short-term borrowings, generally maturing within ninety days, approximate their fair values resulting in a Level 2 classification. The fair values of the Company's long-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 2 classification.
Subordinated Debentures: The fair values of the Company's Subordinated Debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 2 classification.
Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable: The carrying amount of accrued interest approximates fair value, resulting in a classification that is consistent with the earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities with which it is associated.
13

Off-balance Sheet Instruments: Fair values for off-balance sheet, credit-related financial instruments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties' credit standing. The fair value of commitments is not material.
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company's entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company's financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
NOTE 3 – SECURITIES
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale and securities held to maturity at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and gross unrecognized gains and losses:

Securities Available for Sale |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |
March 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities |  | $ | 10,622 |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | 10,576 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential |  |  | 93,357 |  |  |  | 607 |  |  |  | (1,368 | ) |  |  | 92,596 |
Total securities |  | $ | 103,979 |  |  | $ | 607 |  |  | $ | (1,414 | ) |  | $ | 103,172 |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government sponsored entity securities |  | $ | 10,624 |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | 10,544 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential |  |  | 87,367 |  |  |  | 495 |  |  |  | (1,916 | ) |  |  | 85,946 |
Total securities |  | $ | 97,991 |  |  | $ | 495 |  |  | $ | (1,996 | ) |  | $ | 96,490 |

Securities Held to Maturity |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrecognized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrecognized Losses |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |
March 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 18,822 |  |  | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | (105 | ) |  | $ | 19,371 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 5 |
Total securities |  | $ | 18,827 |  |  | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | (105 | ) |  | $ | 19,376 |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 18,661 |  |  | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | (148 | ) |  | $ | 19,167 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 4 |
Total securities |  | $ | 18,665 |  |  | $ | 654 |  |  | $ | (148 | ) |  | $ | 19,171 |

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at March 31, 2017, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain issuers may have the right to call or prepay the debt obligations prior to their contractual maturities. Securities not due at a single maturity are shown separately.

|  | Available for Sale |  |  | Held to Maturity |
Debt Securities: |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 4,000 |  |  | $ | 3,999 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 272 |
Due in over one to five years |  |  | 6,621 |  |  |  | 6,576 |  |  |  | 6,850 |  |  |  | 7,109 |
Due in over five to ten years |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 8,442 |  |  |  | 8,815 |
Due after ten years |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 3,259 |  |  |  | 3,175 |
Agency mortgage-backed securities, residential |  |  | 93,358 |  |  |  | 92,597 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |
Total debt securities |  | $ | 103,979 |  |  | $ | 103,172 |  |  | $ | 18,827 |  |  | $ | 19,376 |

14

The following table summarizes securities with unrealized losses at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position:

March 31, 2017 |  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
|  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |
Securities Available for Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government sponsored |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
entity securities |  | $ | 10,576 |  |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 10,576 |  |  | $ | (46 | )
Agency mortgage-backed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
securities, residential |  |  | 66,917 |  |  |  | (1,368 | ) |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 66,917 |  |  |  | (1,368 | )
Total available for sale |  | $ | 77,493 |  |  | $ | (1,414 | ) |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 77,493 |  |  | $ | (1,414 | )

|  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
|  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrecognized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrecognized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrecognized Loss |
Securities Held to Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
political subdivisions |  | $ | 1,878 |  |  | $ | (105 | ) |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 1,878 |  |  | $ | (105 | )
Total held to maturity |  | $ | 1,878 |  |  | $ | (105 | ) |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 1,878 |  |  | $ | (105 | )

December 31, 2016 |  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
|  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |
Securities Available for Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government sponsored |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
entity securities |  | $ | 10,544 |  |  | $ | (80 | ) |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 10,544 |  |  | $ | (80 | )
Agency mortgage-backed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
securities, residential |  |  | 64,043 |  |  |  | (1,916 | ) |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 64,043 |  |  |  | (1,916 | )
Total available for sale |  | $ | 74,587 |  |  | $ | (1,996 | ) |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 74,587 |  |  | $ | (1,996 | )

|  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
|  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrecognized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrecognized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrecognized Loss |
Securities Held to Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
political subdivisions |  | $ | 3,813 |  |  | $ | (148 | ) |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 3,813 |  |  | $ | (148 | )
Total held to maturity |  | $ | 3,813 |  |  | $ | (148 | ) |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 3,813 |  |  | $ | (148 | )

There were no sales of investment securities during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. Unrealized losses on the Company's debt securities have not been recognized into income because the issuers' securities are of high credit quality as of March 31, 2017, and management does not intend to sell, and it is likely that management will not be required to sell, the securities prior to their anticipated recovery. Management does not believe any individual unrealized loss at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 represents an other-than-temporary impairment.
NOTE 4 – LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

Loans are comprised of the following: |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 287,161 |  |  | $ | 286,022 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | 72,232 |  |  |  | 77,605 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 89,521 |  |  |  | 90,532 |
Construction |  |  | 49,821 |  |  |  | 45,870 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 105,663 |  |  |  | 100,589 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Automobile |  |  | 62,072 |  |  |  | 59,772 |
Home equity |  |  | 20,966 |  |  |  | 20,861 |
Other |  |  | 51,425 |  |  |  | 53,650 |
|  |  | 738,861 |  |  |  | 734,901 |
Less: Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (7,315 | ) |  |  | (7,699 | )
Loans, net |  | $ | 731,546 |  |  | $ | 727,202 |

15

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

March 31, 2017 |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | 4,315 |  |  | $ | 907 |  |  | $ | 1,538 |  |  | $ | 7,699 |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 445 |  |  |  | (1,087 | ) |  |  | 385 |  |  |  | 402 |  |  |  | 145 |
Loans charged off |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | (559 | ) |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (321 | ) |  |  | (957 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | 215 |  |  |  | 428 |
Total ending allowance balance |  | $ | 1,392 |  |  | $ | 2,729 |  |  | $ | 1,360 |  |  | $ | 1,834 |  |  | $ | 7,315 |

March 31, 2016 |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 1,087 |  |  | $ | 1,959 |  |  | $ | 2,589 |  |  | $ | 1,013 |  |  | $ | 6,648 |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 82 |  |  |  | 340 |  |  |  | 479 |
Loans charged-off |  |  | (104 | ) |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | (483 | ) |  |  | (587 | )
Recoveries |  |  | 162 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | 406 |
Total ending allowance balance |  | $ | 1,185 |  |  | $ | 1,995 |  |  | $ | 2,672 |  |  | $ | 1,094 |  |  | $ | 6,946 |

The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment of loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

March 31, 2017 |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 153 |  |  | $ | 391 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 545 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 1,392 |  |  |  | 2,576 |  |  |  | 969 |  |  |  | 1,833 |  |  |  | 6,770 |
Total ending allowance balance |  | $ | 1,392 |  |  | $ | 2,729 |  |  | $ | 1,360 |  |  | $ | 1,834 |  |  | $ | 7,315 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 915 |  |  | $ | 7,701 |  |  | $ | 8,903 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 17,728 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 286,246 |  |  |  | 203,873 |  |  |  | 96,760 |  |  |  | 134,254 |  |  |  | 721,133 |
Total ending loans balance |  | $ | 287,161 |  |  | $ | 211,574 |  |  | $ | 105,663 |  |  | $ | 134,463 |  |  | $ | 738,861 |

December 31, 2016 |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Consumer |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending allowance balance attributable to loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 2,535 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | $ | 205 |  |  | $ | 2,981 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 939 |  |  |  | 1,780 |  |  |  | 666 |  |  |  | 1,333 |  |  |  | 4,718 |
Total ending allowance balance |  | $ | 939 |  |  | $ | 4,315 |  |  | $ | 907 |  |  | $ | 1,538 |  |  | $ | 7,699 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 717 |  |  | $ | 13,111 |  |  | $ | 8,465 |  |  | $ | 416 |  |  | $ | 22,709 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | 285,305 |  |  |  | 200,896 |  |  |  | 92,124 |  |  |  | 133,867 |  |  |  | 712,192 |
Total ending loans balance |  | $ | 286,022 |  |  | $ | 214,007 |  |  | $ | 100,589 |  |  | $ | 134,283 |  |  | $ | 734,901 |

16

The following tables present information related to loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31,2016:

March 31, 2017 |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  |  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonowner-occupied |  | $ | 381 |  |  | $ | 381 |  |  | $ | 98 |
Construction |  |  | 354 |  |  |  | 345 |  |  |  | 55 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 392 |  |  |  | 392 |  |  |  | 391 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 1 |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  |  | 915 |  |  |  | 915 |  |  |  | ---- |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | 4,112 |  |  |  | 3,008 |  |  |  | ---- |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 5,236 |  |  |  | 3,785 |  |  |  | ---- |
Construction |  |  | 643 |  |  |  | 182 |  |  |  | ---- |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 8,511 |  |  |  | 8,511 |  |  |  | ---- |
Total |  | $ | 20,753 |  |  | $ | 17,728 |  |  | $ | 545 |

December 31, 2016 |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  |  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Allowance for Loan Losses Allocated |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  | $ | 5,477 |  |  | $ | 5,477 |  |  | $ | 2,435 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 384 |  |  |  | 384 |  |  |  | 100 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 392 |  |  |  | 392 |  |  |  | 241 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity |  |  | 416 |  |  |  | 416 |  |  |  | 205 |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  |  | 717 |  |  |  | 717 |  |  |  | ---- |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | 3,638 |  |  |  | 3,091 |  |  |  | ---- |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 5,078 |  |  |  | 3,632 |  |  |  | ---- |
Construction |  |  | 1,001 |  |  |  | 527 |  |  |  | ---- |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 8,073 |  |  |  | 8,073 |  |  |  | ---- |
Total |  | $ | 25,176 |  |  | $ | 22,709 |  |  | $ | 2,981 |

The following tables present information related to loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2017 |
|  | Average Impaired Loans |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |  |  | Cash Basis Interest Recognized |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonowner-occupied |  | $ | 382 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Construction |  |  | 345 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 392 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity |  |  | 211 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  |  | 918 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 12 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | 3,547 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 36 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 3,822 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 21 |
Construction |  |  | 182 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 8,292 |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 100 |
Total |  | $ | 18,091 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 180 |

17

|  | Three months ended March 31, 2016 |
|  | Average Impaired Loans |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |  |  | Cash Basis Interest Recognized |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  | $ | 204 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 395 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 4,439 |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 41 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity |  |  | 219 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential real estate |  |  | 731 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 9 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | 3,257 |  |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 43 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 3,134 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13 |
Construction |  |  | 680 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 4,341 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 51 |
Total |  | $ | 17,400 |  |  | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 168 |

The recorded investment of a loan is its carrying value excluding accrued interest and deferred loan fees.
Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing include both smaller balance homogenous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified as impaired loans.
The Company transfers loans to other real estate owned, at fair value less cost to sell, in the period the Company obtains physical possession of the property (through legal title or through a deed in lieu). As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, other real estate owned secured by residential real estate totaled $365 and $938, respectively. In addition, nonaccrual residential mortgage loans that are in the process of foreclosure had a recorded investment of $1,542 and $1,492 as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
The following table presents the recorded investment of nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing by class of loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

March 31, 2017 |  | Loans Past Due 90 Days And Still Accruing |  |  | Nonaccrual |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 3,411 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 657 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 2,752 |
Construction |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 527 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 925 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Automobile |  |  | 206 |  |  |  | 27 |
Home equity |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 18 |
Other |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 36 |
Total |  | $ | 454 |  |  | $ | 8,353 |

18

December 31, 2016 |  | Loans Past Due 90 Days And Still Accruing |  |  | Nonaccrual |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 132 |  |  | $ | 3,445 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1,571 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 2,506 |
Construction |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 527 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 867 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Automobile |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | 5 |
Home equity |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 34 |
Other |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 6 |
Total |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 8,961 |

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment of past due loans by class of loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

March 31, 2017 |  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  |  | 90 Days Or More Past Due |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Loans Not Past Due |  |  | Total |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 2,470 |  |  | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 5,991 |  |  | $ | 281,170 |  |  | $ | 287,161 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | 889 |  |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | 471 |  |  |  | 1,687 |  |  |  | 70,545 |  |  |  | 72,232 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 84 |  |  |  | 2,752 |  |  |  | 2,884 |  |  |  | 86,637 |  |  |  | 89,521 |
Construction |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 487 |  |  |  | 182 |  |  |  | 734 |  |  |  | 49,087 |  |  |  | 49,821 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | 1,468 |  |  |  | 104,195 |  |  |  | 105,663 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Automobile |  |  | 828 |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | 1,216 |  |  |  | 60,856 |  |  |  | 62,072 |
Home equity |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 20,966 |  |  |  | 20,966 |
Other |  |  | 661 |  |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 146 |  |  |  | 898 |  |  |  | 50,527 |  |  |  | 51,425 |
Total |  | $ | 5,340 |  |  | $ | 2,925 |  |  | $ | 6,613 |  |  | $ | 14,878 |  |  | $ | 723,983 |  |  | $ | 738,861 |

December 31, 2016 |  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  |  | 90 Days Or More Past Due |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Loans Not Past Due |  |  | Total |
Residential real estate |  | $ | 3,728 |  |  | $ | 953 |  |  | $ | 2,201 |  |  | $ | 6,882 |  |  | $ | 279,140 |  |  | $ | 286,022 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 366 |  |  |  | 1,325 |  |  |  | 1,825 |  |  |  | 75,780 |  |  |  | 77,605 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 261 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 2,506 |  |  |  | 2,785 |  |  |  | 87,747 |  |  |  | 90,532 |
Construction |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | 182 |  |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | 45,570 |  |  |  | 45,870 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 1,283 |  |  |  | 483 |  |  |  | 800 |  |  |  | 2,566 |  |  |  | 98,023 |  |  |  | 100,589 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Automobile |  |  | 1,091 |  |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | 1,438 |  |  |  | 58,334 |  |  |  | 59,772 |
Home equity |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 394 |  |  |  | 20,467 |  |  |  | 20,861 |
Other |  |  | 685 |  |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 886 |  |  |  | 52,764 |  |  |  | 53,650 |
Total |  | $ | 7,597 |  |  | $ | 2,293 |  |  | $ | 7,186 |  |  | $ | 17,076 |  |  | $ | 717,825 |  |  | $ | 734,901 |

Troubled Debt Restructurings:
A troubled debt restructuring ("TDR") occurs when the Company has agreed to a loan modification in the form of a concession for a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty. All TDR's are considered to be impaired. The modification of the terms of such loans included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; a reduction in the contractual principal and interest payments of the loan; or short-term interest-only payment terms.
The Company has allocated reserves for a portion of its TDR's to reflect the fair values of the underlying collateral or the present value of the concessionary terms granted to the customer.
19

The following table presents the types of TDR loan modifications by class of loans as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

March 31, 2017 |  | TDR's Performing to Modified Terms |  |  | TDR's Not Performing to Modified Terms |  |  | Total TDR's |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only payments |  | $ | 711 |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 711 |
Credit extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 204 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only payments |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 231 |
Rate reduction |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 232 |  |  |  | 232 |
Reduction of principal and interest payments |  |  | 573 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 573 |
Maturity extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | 1,560 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 1,560 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only payments |  |  | 560 |  |  |  | 2,182 |  |  |  | 2,742 |
Rate reduction |  |  | 381 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 381 |
Credit extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | 572 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 572 |
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only payments |  |  | 8,512 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 8,512 |
Credit extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 391 |  |  |  | 391 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturity extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 209 |
Total TDR's |  | $ | 13,513 |  |  | $ | 2,805 |  |  | $ | 16,318 |

December 31, 2016 |  | TDR's Performing to Modified Terms |  |  | TDR's Not Performing to Modified Terms |  |  | Total TDR's |
Residential real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only payments |  | $ | 717 |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | 717 |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only payments |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 284 |
Rate reduction |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 232 |  |  |  | 232 |
Reduction of principal and interest payments |  |  | 579 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 579 |
Maturity extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | 1,582 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 1,582 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only payments |  |  | 600 |  |  |  | 2,210 |  |  |  | 2,810 |
Rate reduction |  |  | 384 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 384 |
Credit extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | 574 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 574 |
Commercial and industrial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only payments |  |  | 8,074 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 8,074 |
Credit extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 391 |  |  |  | 391 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturity extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | 213 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 213 |
Credit extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 203 |
Total TDR's |  | $ | 13,210 |  |  | $ | 2,833 |  |  | $ | 16,043 |

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, the TDR's described above decreased the provision expense and the allowance for loan losses by $56 with no corresponding charge-offs. Compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, the TDR's described above increased the provision expense and the allowance for loan losses by $48 with no corresponding charge-offs. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the TDR's described above decreased the allowance for loan losses and provision expense by $1,112 with corresponding charge-offs of $11.
20

At March 31, 2017, the balance in TDR loans increased $275, or 1.7%, from year-end 2016. The Company had 83% of its TDR's performing according to their modified terms at March 31, 2017, as compared to 82% at December 31, 2016. The Company's specific allocations in reserves to customers whose loan terms have been modified in TDR's totaled $490 at March 31, 2017, as compared to $546 in reserves at December 31, 2016. At March 31, 2017, the Company had $1,989 in commitments to lend additional amounts to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as TDR's, as compared to $2,427 at December 31, 2016.
There were no TDR loan modifications or defaults during the three months ended March 31, 2017. The following table presents the pre- and post-modification balances of TDR loan modifications by class of loans that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2016:

|  | TDR's Performing to Modified Terms |  |  | TDR's Not Performing to Modified Terms |
Three months ended March 31, 2016 |  | Pre-Modification Recorded Investment |  |  | Post-Modification Recorded Investment |  |  | Pre-Modification Recorded Investment |  |  | Post-Modification Recorded Investment |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest only payments |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |
Credit extension at lower stated rate than market rate |  |  | 581 |  |  |  | 581 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | ---- |
Total TDR's |  | $ | 819 |  |  | $ | 819 |  |  | $ | ---- |  |  | $ | ---- |

All of the Company's loans that were restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2016 were performing in accordance with their modified terms. Furthermore, there were no TDR's described above at March 31, 2016 that experienced any payment defaults within twelve months following their loan modification. A default is considered to have occurred once the TDR is past due 90 days or more or it has been placed on nonaccrual. TDR loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2016 had no impact on the provision expense or the allowance for loan losses. As of March 31, 2016, the Company had no allocation of reserves to customers whose loan terms were modified during the first three months of 2016.
Credit Quality Indicators:
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. These risk categories are represented by a loan grading scale from 1 through 10. The Company analyzes loans individually with a higher credit risk rating and groups these loans into categories called "criticized" and "classified" assets. The Company considers its criticized assets to be loans that are graded 8 and its classified assets to be loans that are graded 9 through 11. The Company's risk categories are reviewed at least annually on loans that have aggregate borrowing amounts that meet or exceed $500.
The Company uses the following definitions for its criticized loan risk ratings:

Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention indicate considerable risk due to deterioration of repayment (in the earliest stages) due to potential weak primary repayment source, or payment delinquency. These loans will be under constant supervision, are not classified and do not expose the institution to sufficient risks to warrant classification. These deficiencies should be correctable within the normal course of business, although significant changes in company structure or policy may be necessary to correct the deficiencies. These loans are considered bankable assets with no apparent loss of principal or interest envisioned. The perceived risk in continued lending is considered to have increased beyond the level where such loans would normally be granted. Credits that are defined as a troubled debt restructuring should be graded no higher than special mention until they have been reported as performing over one year after restructuring.

21

The Company uses the following definitions for its classified loan risk ratings:

Substandard. Loans classified as substandard represent very high risk, serious delinquency, nonaccrual, or unacceptable credit. Repayment through the primary source of repayment is in jeopardy due to the existence of one or more well defined weaknesses and the collateral pledged may inadequately protect collection of the loans. Loss of principal is not likely if weaknesses are corrected, although financial statements normally reveal significant weakness. Loans are still considered collectible, although loss of principal is more likely than with special mention loan grade 8 loans. Collateral liquidation considered likely to satisfy debt.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful display a high probability of loss, although the amount of actual loss at the time of classification is undetermined. This should be a temporary category until such time that actual loss can be identified, or improvements made to reduce the seriousness of the classification. These loans exhibit all substandard characteristics with the addition that weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. This classification consists of loans where the possibility of loss is high after collateral liquidation based upon existing facts, market conditions, and value. Loss is deferred until certain important and reasonable specific pending factors which may strengthen the credit can be more accurately determined. These factors may include proposed acquisitions, liquidation procedures, capital injection, receipt of additional collateral, mergers, or refinancing plans. A doubtful classification for an entire credit should be avoided when collection of a specific portion appears highly probable with the adequately secured portion graded substandard.

Loss. Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and are of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the credit has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset yielding such a minimum value even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. Amounts classified as loss should be promptly charged off.

Criticized and classified loans will mostly consist of commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans. The Company considers its loans that do not meet the criteria for a criticized and classified asset rating as pass rated loans, which will include loans graded from 1 (Prime) to 7 (Watch). All commercial loans are categorized into a risk category either at the time of origination or reevaluation date. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, and based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of commercial loans by class of loans was as follows:

March 31, 2017 |  | Pass |  |  | Criticized |  |  | Classified |  |  | Total |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  | $ | 61,934 |  |  | $ | 1,244 |  |  | $ | 9,054 |  |  | $ | 72,232 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 82,204 |  |  |  | 2,339 |  |  |  | 4,978 |  |  |  | 89,521 |
Construction |  |  | 49,025 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 796 |  |  |  | 49,821 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 98,545 |  |  |  | 1,274 |  |  |  | 5,844 |  |  |  | 105,663 |
Total |  | $ | 291,708 |  |  | $ | 4,857 |  |  | $ | 20,672 |  |  | $ | 317,237 |

December 31, 2016 |  | Pass |  |  | Criticized |  |  | Classified |  |  | Total |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner-occupied |  | $ | 66,495 |  |  | $ | 428 |  |  | $ | 10,682 |  |  | $ | 77,605 |
Nonowner-occupied |  |  | 83,103 |  |  |  | 2,364 |  |  |  | 5,065 |  |  |  | 90,532 |
Construction |  |  | 45,325 |  |  |  | ---- |  |  |  | 545 |  |  |  | 45,870 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 94,091 |  |  |  | 188 |  |  |  | 6,310 |  |  |  | 100,589 |
Total |  | $ | 289,014 |  |  | $ | 2,980 |  |  | $ | 22,602 |  |  | $ | 314,596 |

The Company also obtains the credit scores of its borrowers upon origination (if available by the credit bureau), but the scores are not updated. The Company focuses mostly on the performance and repayment ability of the borrower as an indicator of credit risk and does not consider a borrower's credit score to be a significant influence in the determination of a loan's credit risk grading.
22

For residential and consumer loan classes, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the recorded investment of residential and consumer loans by class of loans based on repayment activity as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

March 31, 2017 | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
| Automobile |  | Home Equity |  | Other |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Total |
Performing |  | $ | 61,839 |  |  | $ | 20,948 |  |  | $ | 51,285 |  |  | $ | 283,606 |  |  | $ | 417,678 |
Nonperforming |  |  | 233 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 3,555 |  |  |  | 3,946 |
Total |  | $ | 62,072 |  |  | $ | 20,966 |  |  | $ | 51,425 |  |  | $ | 287,161 |  |  | $ | 421,624 |

December 31, 2016 | Consumer |  |  |  |  |  |
| Automobile |  | Home Equity |  | Other |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Total |
Performing |  | $ | 59,646 |  |  | $ | 20,827 |  |  | $ | 53,598 |  |  | $ | 282,445 |  |  | $ | 416,516 |
Nonperforming |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | 3,577 |  |  |  | 3,789 |
Total |  | $ | 59,772 |  |  | $ | 20,861 |  |  | $ | 53,650 |  |  | $ | 286,022 |  |  | $ | 420,305 |

The Company, through its subsidiaries, originates residential, consumer, and commercial loans to customers located primarily in the southeastern areas of Ohio as well as the western counties of West Virginia. Approximately 5.01% of total loans were unsecured at March 31, 2017, down from 5.61% at December 31, 2016.
NOTE 5 - FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-BALANCE SHEET RISK
The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and financial guarantees. The Bank's exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, and financial guarantees written, is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The contract amounts of these instruments are not included in the consolidated financial statements. At March 31, 2017, the contract amounts of these instruments totaled approximately $68,168, compared to $67,191 at December 31, 2016. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for instruments recorded on the balance sheet. Since many of these instruments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total contract amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
NOTE 6 - OTHER BORROWED FUNDS
Other borrowed funds at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are comprised of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Cincinnati and promissory notes. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, FHLB Borrowings included $62 and $73 in capitalized lease obligations, respectively.

|  | FHLB Borrowings |  |  | Promissory Notes |  |  | Totals |
March 31, 2017 |  | $ | 31,515 |  |  | $ | 7,770 |  |  | $ | 39,285 |
December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 29,203 |  |  | $ | 7,882 |  |  | $ | 37,085 |

Pursuant to collateral agreements with the FHLB, advances were secured by $278,571 in qualifying mortgage loans, $69,040 in commercial loans and $5,365 in FHLB stock at March 31, 2017. Fixed-rate FHLB advances of $31,453 mature through 2042 and have interest rates ranging from 1.34% to 3.31% and a year-to-date weighted average cost of 2.14%. There were no variable-rate FHLB borrowings at March 31, 2017.
At March 31, 2017, the Company had a cash management line of credit enabling it to borrow up to $75,000 from the FHLB. All cash management advances have an original maturity of 90 days. The line of credit must be renewed on an annual basis. There was $75,000 available on this line of credit at March 31, 2017.
Based on the Company's current FHLB stock ownership, total assets and pledgeable loans, the Company had the ability to obtain borrowings from the FHLB up to a maximum of $222,034 at March 31, 2017. Of this maximum borrowing capacity, the Company had $140,581 available to use as additional borrowings, of which $75,000 could be used for short-term, cash management advances, as mentioned above.
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Promissory notes, issued primarily by Ohio Valley, are due at various dates through a final maturity date of August 1, 2026, and have fixed rates ranging from 1.25% to 4.09% through August 1, 2021 and a year-to-date weighted average cost of 2.79% at March 31, 2017, as compared to 2.34% at December 31, 2016. Promissory notes payable by Ohio Valley to related parties totaled $360 at March 31, 2017. Promissory notes payable to other banks totaled $3,786 at March 31, 2017.
Letters of credit issued on the Bank's behalf by the FHLB to collateralize certain public unit deposits as required by law totaled $50,000 at March 31, 2017 and $45,000 at December 31, 2016.
Scheduled principal payments as of March 31, 2017:

|  | FHLB Borrowings |  |  | Promissory Notes |  |  | Totals |
2017 |  | $ | 5,200 |  |  | $ | 1,827 |  |  | $ | 7,027 |
2018 |  |  | 2,623 |  |  |  | 2,261 |  |  |  | 4,884 |
2019 |  |  | 2,489 |  |  |  | 1,219 |  |  |  | 3,708 |
2020 |  |  | 2,335 |  |  |  | 519 |  |  |  | 2,854 |
2021 |  |  | 2,059 |  |  |  | 541 |  |  |  | 2,600 |
Thereafter |  |  | 16,809 |  |  |  | 1,403 |  |  |  | 18,212 |
|  | $ | 31,515 |  |  | $ | 7,770 |  |  | $ | 39,285 |

NOTE 7 – SEGMENT INFORMATION
The reportable segments are determined by the products and services offered, primarily distinguished between banking and consumer finance. They are also distinguished by the level of information provided to the chief operating decision maker, who uses such information to review performance of various components of the business, which are then aggregated if operating performance, products/services, and customers are similar. Loans, investments, and deposits provide the majority of the net revenues from the banking operation, while loans provide the majority of the net revenues for the consumer finance segment. All Company segments are domestic.
Total revenues from the banking segment, which accounted for the majority of the Company's total revenues, totaled 87.7% and 85.7% of total consolidated revenues for the quarters ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The accounting policies used for the Company's reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies. Income taxes are allocated based on income before tax expense.
Information for the Company's reportable segments is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 |
|  | Banking |  |  | Consumer Finance |  |  | Total Company |
Net interest income |  | $ | 9,390 |  |  | $ | 1,475 |  |  | $ | 10,865 |
Provision expense |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 145 |
Noninterest income |  |  | 2,779 |  |  |  | 334 |  |  |  | 3,113 |
Noninterest expense |  |  | 8,582 |  |  |  | 793 |  |  |  | 9,375 |
Tax expense |  |  | 937 |  |  |  | 304 |  |  |  | 1,241 |
Net income |  |  | 2,626 |  |  |  | 591 |  |  |  | 3,217 |
Assets |  |  | 1,025,871 |  |  |  | 10,861 |  |  |  | 1,036,732 |

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 |
|  | Banking |  |  | Consumer Finance |  |  | Total Company |
Net interest income |  | $ | 7,671 |  |  | $ | 1,429 |  |  | $ | 9,100 |
Provision expense |  |  | 375 |  |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 479 |
Noninterest income |  |  | 2,832 |  |  |  | 403 |  |  |  | 3,235 |
Noninterest expense |  |  | 7,194 |  |  |  | 775 |  |  |  | 7,969 |
Tax expense |  |  | 731 |  |  |  | 324 |  |  |  | 1,055 |
Net income |  |  | 2,202 |  |  |  | 630 |  |  |  | 2,832 |
Assets |  |  | 871,819 |  |  |  | 11,698 |  |  |  | 883,517 |

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NOTE 8 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On May 9, 2017, the Company was made aware that four wire transfers it processed in May 2017 were fraudulently initiated. An investigation of the situation and the potential recovery of losses are in their early stages. While we believe all affected transactions have been identified, no conclusions have been reached concerning the responsibility by any party for any potential losses, nor has there been a determination of whether or not existing insurance policies of any party will cover all or part of any such losses. Should there be no recoveries from insurance and the Company were to absorb all the losses known at this time to be associated with this activity (excluding the costs of investigation), it would incur a pre-tax expense of approximately $933.

| ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)
Forward Looking Statements
Except for the historical statements and discussions contained herein, statements contained in this report constitute "forward looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Act of 1934 and as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are often, but not always, identified by the use of such words as "believes," "anticipates," "expects," and similar expressions. Such statements involve various important assumptions, risks, uncertainties, and other factors, many of which are beyond our control and which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to: changes in political, economic or other factors, such as inflation rates, recessionary or expansive trends, taxes, the effects of implementation of legislation and the continuing economic uncertainty in various parts of the world; competitive pressures; fluctuations in interest rates; the level of defaults and prepayment on loans made by the Company; unanticipated litigation, claims, or assessments; fluctuations in the cost of obtaining funds to make loans; and regulatory changes. Additional detailed information concerning a number of important factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in management's discussion and analysis is available in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, including the disclosure under the heading "Item 1A. Risk Factors" of Part 1 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation and disclaims any intention to republish revised or updated forward looking statements, whether as a result of new information, unanticipated future events or otherwise.
Financial Overview
The Company is primarily engaged in commercial and retail banking, offering a blend of commercial and consumer banking services within southeastern Ohio as well as western West Virginia. The banking services offered by the Bank include the acceptance of deposits in checking, savings, time and money market accounts; the making and servicing of personal, commercial, floor plan and student loans; the making of construction and real estate loans; and credit card services. The Bank also offers individual retirement accounts, safe deposit boxes, wire transfers and other standard banking products and services. In addition, the Bank is one of a limited number of financial institutions that facilitates the payment of tax refunds through a third-party tax refund product provider. The Bank has facilitated the payment of these tax refunds through electronic refund check/deposit ("ERC/ERD") transactions. ERC/ERD transactions involve the payment of a tax refund to the taxpayer after the Bank has received the refund from the federal/state government. ERC/ERD transactions occur primarily during the tax refund season, typically during the first quarter of each year. Loan Central also provides refund anticipation loans ("RALs") to its customers. RALs are short-term cash advances against a customer's anticipated income tax refund.
On August 5, 2016, the Company completed the merger of Milton Bancorp, Inc. ("Milton Bancorp") into Ohio Valley. Immediately following the merger, Milton Bancorp's wholly-owned subsidiary, The Milton Banking Company ("Milton Bank"), was merged with and into the Bank. Milton Bank's results of operations were included in the Company's results beginning August 6, 2016. This transaction resulted in the addition of $132 million in assets and 5 branch locations in Jackson, Madison and Pickaway counties in Ohio.
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Net income totaled $3,217 during the first quarter of 2017, an increase of $385, or 13.6%, compared to $2,832 during the first quarter of 2016. Earnings per share finished at $.69 per share for both the first quarters of 2017 and 2016. The increase to earnings was impacted primarily by the benefits of higher net interest income and lower provision expense partially offset by general increases in various overhead expenses.
The annualized net income to average asset ratio, or return on assets ("ROA"), decreased to 1.23% at March 31, 2017, compared to 1.29% at March 31, 2016. The Company's net income to average equity ratio, or return on equity ("ROE"), also decreased to 12.41% at March 31, 2017, compared to 12.50% at March 31, 2016.
Net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 showed positive growth over the same period in 2016, increasing 19.4%. The increase came primarily from interest revenues associated with $164,225 of average earning asset growth. The growth in average earning assets came primarily from average loans, which contributed $152,990 to the increase in average earning assets. While the Company continues to experience growth from its existing markets, the large growth in loans came primarily from the Milton Bank merger, which resulted in the acquisition of $112 million in loans. Also contributing to net interest income growth was higher interest recorded from the Company's interest-bearing Federal Reserve clearing account. Average interest-bearing balances maintained at the Federal Reserve during the first three months of 2017 grew 4.7% over 2016, impacted by seasonal tax processing activity. However, it has been the Federal Reserve's action of increasing short-term interest rates by 25 basis points in each of December 2016 and March 2017 that contributed most to higher interest income on deposits.
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, provision expense decreased $334 from the prior year's first quarter. Lower provision expense was largely due to a $2,436 decrease in specific allocations from December 31, 2016 related to the financial performance improvement of one commercial real estate loan relationship. The decrease in specific allocations was partially offset by a $2,052 increase in general allocations from December 31, 2016 related to specific loan portfolio risks that management determined were necessary. Due to the lower level of specific reserves, the allowance for loan losses decreased by $384 from year-end 2016 to finish at $7,315, or .99 percent of total loans at March 31, 2017, as compared to 1.05% at December 31, 2016 and 1.19% at March 31, 2016.
Total noninterest income during the first quarter of 2017 decreased $122, or 3.8%, as compared to the first quarter results of 2016. Year-over-year decreases were largely due to lower tax processing fees through ERC/ERD transactions. In addition to a reduced number of tax refunds being processed during the first quarter of 2017, the per item fees received by the Company were lower under the new contract with the third-party tax refund product provider. Tax refund processing fees totaled $1,376, a decrease of $378 from the same period during 2016. Partially offsetting the decrease in tax processing fees were increases in fee income related to a higher deposit base from the Milton bank acquisition. The higher deposit base contributed to a $194 increase in debit and credit card interchange income, as well as an increase of $99 in service charges on deposit accounts. The remaining noninterest categories decreased $37, or 7.6%, primarily from higher losses on the sale of other real estate owned ("OREO").
Total noninterest expense increased $1,406, or 17.6%, during the first quarter of 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was impacted by the acquisition of Milton Bank, which contributed to general increases in most noninterest expense categories related to having a larger organization after the merger. Higher overhead expense came mostly from salaries and employee benefit costs, which grew by $794, or 17.4%, during the first quarter of 2017. The increase was largely the result of adding Milton Bank employees, as well as annual merit increases and higher health insurance costs. Additional overhead expense increases came from data processing, foreclosed asset costs, and professional fees, which collectively increased $425, or 56.3% during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to 2016. The remaining noninterest categories increased $187, or 7.1%, during 2017.
At March 31, 2017, total assets were $1,036,732, compared to $954,640 at year-end 2016. Asset growth was impacted mostly by a $72,765 increase to interest-bearing deposits from the Company's Federal Reserve clearing account that were generated from seasonal tax clearing activities during the first quarter of 2017. Gross loan balances of $738,861 at March 31, 2017 increased by $3,960 from year-end 2016, driven by growing commercial and residential real estate loan originations within the Athens, Ohio market. Total investment securities also increased 5.9% from year-end 2016, due mostly to new purchases of mortgage-backed securities.
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Total liabilities were $929,081 at March 31, 2017, up $78,969 from December 31, 2016. Total deposit balances experienced continued growth during 2017, increasing $77,451 compared to year-end 2016. Noninterest-bearing deposits accounted for $77,554 of the increase and were the result of normal seasonal increases in tax refund processing activities and municipal public fund deposit balances.
At March 31, 2017, total shareholders' equity was $107,651, up $3,123 since December 31, 2016. Regulatory capital ratios of the Company remained higher than the "well capitalized" minimums.
Comparison of Financial Condition
at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016
The following discussion focuses, in more detail, on the consolidated financial condition of the Company at March 31, 2017 compared to December 31, 2016. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the interim consolidated financial statements and the footnotes included in this Form 10‑Q.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
At March 31, 2017, cash and cash equivalents increased $71,751, to finish at $111,917, compared to $40,166 at December 31, 2016. The increase in cash and cash equivalents was largely due to deposit liability growth from year-end 2016, mostly from seasonal increases in ERC/ERD transactions. The Company continues to utilize its interest-bearing Federal Reserve Bank clearing account to maintain these seasonal tax refund deposits, as well as to fund earning asset growth and maturities of retail certificates of deposit ("CD's"). From year-end 2016 to March 31, 2017, the Federal Reserve Bank clearing account balance increased by $72,765. The excess funds from seasonal tax clearing activities are expected to decrease during the remainder of 2017. The interest rate paid on both the required and excess reserve balances is based on the targeted federal funds rate established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Short-term rate increases of 25 basis points during each of December 2016 and March 2017 caused the federal funds rate to finish at 1.00% at March 31, 2017. This had a corresponding effect to the interest revenue growth experienced during the first quarter of 2017 on Federal Reserve Bank clearing account balances. This interest rate is higher than what the Company would have received from its investments in federal funds sold, currently in a range of less than 1.00%. Furthermore, Federal Reserve Bank balances are 100% secured.
As liquidity levels vary continuously based on consumer activities, amounts of cash and cash equivalents can vary widely at any given point in time. The Company's focus will be to invest excess funds into longer-term, higher-yielding assets, primarily loans, when the opportunities arise.
Certificates of deposit
At March 31, 2017, the Company had $1,425 in certificates of deposit owned by the Captive, down slightly from year-end 2016. The deposits on hand at March 31, 2017 consist of six certificates with maturity terms ranging from less than 1 year up to 2.5 years.
Securities
The balance of total securities increased $6,844, or 5.9%, compared to year-end 2016. The Company's investment securities portfolio is made up mostly of U.S. Government agency ("Agency") mortgage-backed securities, which increased $6,651, or 7.7%, from year-end 2016 and represented 75.9% of total investments at March 31, 2017. During the first three months of 2017, the Company invested $10,010 in new Agency mortgage-backed securities, while receiving principal repayments of $3,808. The monthly repayment of principal has been the primary advantage of Agency mortgage-backed securities as compared to other types of investment securities, which deliver proceeds upon maturity or call date.
Loans
The loan portfolio represents the Company's largest asset category and is its most significant source of interest income. Gross loan balances totaled $738,861 at March 31, 2017, representing an increase of $3,960, or 0.5%, as compared to $734,901 at December 31, 2016. Loan balances were positively impacted by growth in commercial and residential real estate balances.
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The commercial lending segment increased $2,641, or 0.8%, from year-end 2016, which came mostly from the commercial and industrial loan portfolio, which increased $5,074, or 5.0%, from year-end 2016. The increase was impacted by two loan originations with one borrower during the first quarter of 2017. Commercial and industrial loans consist of loans to corporate borrowers primarily in small to mid-sized industrial and commercial companies that include service, retail and wholesale merchants. Collateral securing these loans includes equipment, inventory, and stock.
The commercial real estate loan segment comprises the largest portion of the Company's total commercial loan portfolio at March 31, 2017, representing 66.7%. At March 31, 2017, commercial real estate loans totaled $211,574, which decreased $2,433, or 1.1%, from year-end 2016. Larger payoffs caused owner-occupied and nonowner-occupied loans to decrease $6,384, or 3.8%, from year-end 2016, while loan volume contributed to construction loans being up $3,951, or 8.2%, from year-end 2016. While management believes lending opportunities exist in the Company's markets, future commercial lending activities will depend upon economic and related conditions, such as general demand for loans in the Company's primary markets, interest rates offered by the Company, the effects of competitive pressure and normal underwriting considerations. Management will continue to place emphasis on its commercial lending, which generally yields a higher return on investment as compared to other types of loans.
The residential real estate loan segment comprises the largest portion of the Company's overall loan portfolio at 38.9% and consists primarily of one- to four-family residential mortgages and carries many of the same customer and industry risks as the commercial loan portfolio. Residential real estate loan balances during the first three months of 2017 increased $1,139, or 0.4%, from year-end 2016. The Company's growth in residential real estate loans was impacted by its Athens, Ohio market. In December 2015, the Company opened a loan production office in Athens, Ohio to expand its market presence. Throughout 2016, the Athens, Ohio market contributed greatly to the success of the Company's commercial loan growth. Since year-end 2016, residential real estate loan demand has been very responsive within the Athens, Ohio location, producing $1,724 in residential real estate loans during the first quarter of 2017. Total loan production within the real estate portfolio consists of increasing short-term adjustable-rate mortgages partially offset by decreasing long-term fixed-rate mortgages. As part of management's interest rate risk strategy, the Company continues to sell most of its long-term fixed-rate residential mortgages to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, while maintaining the servicing rights for those mortgages. A customer that does not qualify for a long-term, secondary market loan may choose from one of the Company's other adjustable-rate mortgage products, which contributed to higher balances of adjustable-rate mortgages from year-end 2016.
Consumer loan balances remained relatively stable at March 31, 2017, increasing $180, or 0.1%, from year-end 2016. While overall consumer loan balances were stable, the Company's automobile loan segment grew by $2,300, or 3.8%, from year-end 2016. Automobile loans represent the Company's largest consumer loan segment at 46.2% of total consumer loans. The Company continues to target more auto dealers within its market areas and offer interest rates that are more competitive with local banks. Growth in automobile loans was partially offset by decreases in other consumer loans, mostly from credit card loan balances. The Company will continue to monitor its auto lending segment while maintaining strict loan underwriting processes to limit future loss exposure.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The Company established a $7,315 allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2017, which was a decrease from the $7,699 allowance at year-end 2016. The allowance was impacted by a decrease of $2,436 in specific allocations from year-end 2016. Specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses identify loan impairment by measuring fair value of the underlying collateral and the present value of estimated future cash flows. When re-evaluating the impaired loan balances to their corresponding collateral values at March 31, 2017, it was determined that a commercial real estate loan relationship was no longer impaired and no longer collateral dependent due to the borrower's financial performance improvement. This resulted in the removal of that borrower's specific allocation of $1,681 that had previously been identified as impairment. Further contributing to lower specific reserves during the first quarter of 2017 was the charge-off of a collateral dependent commercial real estate loan's specific allocation of $557. This specific reserve had been allocated for during 2016, which resulted in no corresponding provision expense impact in 2017.
Partially offsetting the decrease in specific allocations was an increase in the Company's general allocations of the allowance for loan losses from year-end 2016. As part of the Company's quarterly analysis of the allowance for loan losses, management reviewed various factors that directly impact the general allocation need of the allowance, which include: historical loan losses, loan delinquency levels, local economic conditions and unemployment rates, criticized/classified asset coverage levels and loan loss recoveries. The Company's risk factors have benefited from a decline in troubled assets, with nonperforming loans to total loans finishing at 1.19% at March 31, 2017, as compared to 1.26% at December 31, 2016. The Company's nonperforming assets to total assets also improved to 1.05% at March 31, 2017, as compared to 1.20% at December 31, 2016. General risks in the portfolio were also positively impacted by lower impaired loans at March 31, 2017, which decreased $4,981, or 21.9%, from year-end 2016. However, it was the addition of new risk factors during the first quarter of 2017 that caused the general allocation component of the allowance for loan losses to increase $2,052, or 43.5%, from year-end 2016. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company continued to experience lower historical loan loss factors, which prompted management to evaluate the exposure to losses incurred during an economic downturn. Based on historical losses incurred outside the Company's lookback period, management determined it would be necessary to include an economic risk factor to add general reserves for losses based upon the difference in the Company's current historical loss factors and risks in the portfolio. Furthermore, management evaluated recent changes in loan underwriting standards, which may expose the loan portfolio to additional credit risk. As a result, an economic risk factor was added, which contributed to additional general reserves.
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The Company's allowance for loan losses to total loans ratio finished at 0.99% at March 31, 2017 and 1.05% at year-end 2016. Management believes that the allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2017 was adequate and reflected probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio. There can be no assurance, however, that adjustments to the allowance for loan losses will not be required in the future. Changes in the circumstances of particular borrowers, as well as adverse developments in the economy, are factors that could change and make adjustments to the allowance for loan losses necessary. Asset quality will continue to remain a key focus, as management continues to stress not just loan growth, but quality in loan underwriting as well.
Deposits
Deposits continue to be the most significant source of funds used by the Company to meet obligations for depositor withdrawals, to fund the borrowing needs of loan customers, and to fund ongoing operations. Total deposits at March 31, 2017 increased $77,451, or 9.8%, from year-end 2016. This deposit growth came primarily from noninterest-bearing deposit balances. During the first quarter of 2017, the Company experienced a significant increase in its business checking account balances, which increased $77,554, or 37.0%, from year-end 2016. This increase was largely the result of ERC/ERD tax refund items processed during the first quarter of 2017. As a result of the tax processing activity being seasonal, the elevated first quarter balances within the Company's business checking accounts should decrease during the remainder of 2017.
Deposit growth also came from interest-bearing NOW account balances, which increased $10,844, or 7.0%, during the first three months of 2017 as compared to year-end 2016. This increase was largely driven by growth in municipal NOW products due to seasonality of tax collections received, which typically decrease in the second quarter. Interest-bearing deposit growth also came from statement savings account balances, which increased $4,395, or 4.6%, from year-end 2016.
During the first quarter of 2017, time deposits decreased $8,320, or 4.4%, from year-end 2016. Based on the minimal spread between a short-term CD rate and a statement savings rate, many customers choose to invest balances into a more liquid product, perhaps hoping for rising rates in the near future. This change in time deposits from year-end 2016 fits within management's strategy of focusing on more "core" deposit balances. Also partially offsetting growth in deposits was an $8,063, or 6.0%, decrease in money market balances, largely due to the Company's Market Watch product.
While facing increased competition for deposits in its market areas, the Company will continue to emphasize growth and retention in its core deposit relationships during the remainder of 2017, reflecting the Company's efforts to reduce its reliance on higher cost funding and improving net interest income.
Other Borrowed Funds
Other borrowed funds were $39,285 at March 31, 2017, an increase of $2,200, or 5.9%, from year-end 2016. The increase was necessary to help fund earning asset growth during the first quarter of 2017. While deposits continue to be the primary source of funding for growth in earning assets, management will continue to utilize Federal Home Loan Bank advances and promissory notes to help manage interest rate sensitivity and liquidity.
29

Shareholders' Equity
The Company maintains a capital level that exceeds regulatory requirements as a margin of safety for its depositors. At March 31, 2017, the Bank's capital exceeded the minimum requirements to be deemed "well capitalized" under applicable prompt corrective action regulations. Total shareholders' equity at March 31, 2017 of $107,651 increased $3,123, or 3.0%, as compared to $104,528 at December 31, 2016. Capital growth during 2017 came primarily from year-to-date net income of $3,217.
Comparison of Results of Operations
for the Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017 and 2016
The following discussion focuses, in more detail, on the consolidated results of operations of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the interim consolidated financial statements and the footnotes included in this Form 10‑Q.
Net Interest Income
The most significant portion of the Company's revenue, net interest income, results from properly managing the spread between interest income on earning assets and interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. During the first quarter of 2017, net interest income increased $1,765, or 19.4%, as compared to the first quarter of 2016. The improvement came primarily from the acquisition of Milton Bank during the third quarter of 2016, which contributed to higher interest income on acquired earning assets partially offset by interest expense on acquired interest-bearing deposits. In total, the Company benefited from $1,429 in net interest income generated by the Milton Bank acquisition. Further contributions to net interest income came from higher interest income on interest-bearing deposits with banks as a result of seasonal average balance growth and short-term rate increases.
Total interest and fee income recognized on the Company's earning assets increased $1,968, or 20.1%, during the first quarter of 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. While the Company generated loan growth primarily through the Milton Bank merger, there were already trends of loan origination improvement making a positive impact to loan earnings. The Athens, Ohio loan production office has generated over $15 million in commercial and residential real estate loans when comparing the balances at March 31, 2017 to a year ago at March 31, 2016. Loan growth (excluding Milton Bank and Athens, Ohio loans) has also been improving within the automobile segment, as well as the commercial and industrial loan segment, impacted by loan participations and loans to states and political subdivisions from a year ago. With the merger and improved loan production, the Company's loan income increased $1,863, or 20.9%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016.
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, total other interest income increased $98, or 58.7%, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increase was primarily due to higher interest revenue recorded from the Company's interest-bearing Federal Reserve clearing account. The Company continues to utilize its Federal Reserve clearing account to manage seasonal tax refund deposits and fund earning asset growth. This interest-bearing account carried an interest rate of 0.50% during most of 2016. In December 2016, the Federal Reserve increased short-term rates by 25 basis points, and then again in March 2017 by another 25 basis points. These short-term rate adjustments have increased the Federal Reserve clearing account's interest rate from 0.50% of a year ago to 1.00%. The timing of the most recent rate adjustments benefited the Company, as it entered into the first quarter of 2017 experiencing significant levels of excess funds impacted by the large volume of ERC/ERD transactions that were maintained within the Federal Reserve clearing account.
Total interest expense incurred on the Company's interest-bearing liabilities during the first quarter of 2017 increased $203, or 30.3%, as compared to the same period in 2016. The increases were primarily from the Milton Bank acquired deposits that generated more interest expense. However, the Company's interest expense continues to be minimized by a sustained low-rate environment that has impacted the repricings of various Bank deposit products, including certain interest-bearing demand accounts. This has contributed to a minimal change in the weighted average cost of the Company's core deposits, which finished at 0.24% at March 31, 2017, as compared to 0.23% at March 31, 2016. The Company continues to utilize more of its lower cost, core deposit funding sources to further reduce interest expense. In addition, over 60% of the acquired Milton Bank deposits consisted of core deposit funding sources. As a result, the Company's average interest- and non-interest bearing core deposits increased $120,703, or 20.5%, while the average balances of higher costing time deposits increased $29,071, or 18.9%, during the first three months of 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. The minimal change in average market interest rates and the continued emphasis on utilizing lower costing deposit balances have caused the Company's total weighted average costs on interest-bearing deposits to increase by only 2 basis points from 0.41% at March 31, 2017 to 0.43% at March 31, 2016.
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During 2017, the Company's net interest margin results improved over the prior year, finishing at 4.52% during the first quarter of 2017, as compared to 4.50% during the same period in 2016. This improvement was due to a 19.9% increase in average earning assets combined with a higher deposit mix of lower-costing core deposits and a sustained low rate environment that has helped to minimize interest expense. While the Company benefited in the first quarter of 2017 from a heightened level of excess funds within its Federal Reserve clearing account, the focus will be on re-deploying the retained portion of these funds to higher yielding assets as opportunities arise. The Company will continue to face pressure on its net interest income and margin improvement unless loan balances continue to expand and remain a larger component of overall earning assets.
Provision for Loan Losses
During the first quarter of 2017, the Company experienced a decrease in provision expense of $334, or 69.7%, as compared to the first quarter of 2016. The decrease in provision expense was primarily due to a $2,436 decrease in specific allocations, which was mostly due to one commercial real estate loan relationship. As previously mentioned, the financial improvement of this commercial borrower contributed to the removal of $1,681 in specific allocations, which lowered provision expense during the first quarter of 2017. The benefit of lower specific reserves was partially offset by a $2,052 increase in general allocations from year-end 2016. As previously mentioned, management further evaluated the risks associated with loan loss history and loan underwriting that resulted in additional risk factors being added to the March 31, 2017 allowance for loan loss determination.
Net charge-offs increased $348 during the first quarter of 2017, but was largely associated with the charge-off of $557 in specific reserves that had been allocated prior to 2017. Since the specific reserve had been allocated prior to 2017, there was no corresponding provision expense impact associated with this charge-off during the first quarter of 2017. Excluding this $557 charge-off, the remaining net charge-offs during the year-to-date period at March 31, 2017 would be down $209, as compared to the first quarter of 2016.
Future provisions to the allowance for loan losses will continue to be based on management's quarterly in-depth evaluation that is discussed in further detail under the caption "Critical Accounting Policies - Allowance for Loan Losses" within this Management's Discussion and Analysis.
Noninterest Income
Noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2017 decreased $122, or 3.8%, when compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. Lower noninterest income during 2017 was largely affected by the Company's seasonal ERC/ERD fees, which decreased $378, or 21.6%, from the prior year. In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Bank entered into a new agreement with a third-party tax refund product provider, which lowered the per-item fee associated with each refund facilitated. As a result, the lower fee structure caused tax processing revenues to be lower than the year before. Furthermore, the Company experienced a decrease in the number of ERC/ERD transactions that were facilitated. As a result of ERC/ERD fee activity being mostly seasonal, the majority of income will be recorded during the first half of 2017, with only minimal income expected during the second half of 2017.
Partially offsetting the decline from tax processing fees were increases from the Milton Bank acquisition. In total, the Company benefited from $180 in noninterest income generated by the addition of Milton Bank's customer deposit base. This addition to the deposit base contributed to the Company improvements in debit and credit card interchange income, which were up $194, or 33.1%, and service charges on deposit accounts, which were up $99, or 24.4%. The volume of transactions utilizing the Company's credit card and Jeanie Plus debit card continue to increase from a year ago, which are being impacted by cash and merchandise incentives that promote customer use of electronic payments.
The Company's remaining noninterest income categories were collectively down $37, or 7.6%, during the first quarter of 2017, when compared to the same period in 2016. This decrease was primarily due to a fair value write-down of $42 recorded on one commercial property that contributed to higher losses on OREO.
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Noninterest Expense
Noninterest expense during the first quarter of 2017 increased $1,406, or 17.6%, from the first quarter in 2016. The acquisition of Milton Bank contributed to an increase in most of the noninterest expense categories related to having a larger organization after the merger. The largest impact was to salaries and employee benefits, which increased $794, or 17.4%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. In addition to adding Milton Bank employees, the salaries and employee benefit category was also impacted by annual merit increases and higher health insurance costs.
The Company also experienced increases in data processing expense, which increased $182, or 51.6%, during the first quarter of 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. Data processing charges grew as a result of higher transaction volume associated with debit and credit cards, as well as higher processing charges from the Company's Big Rewards customer incentive platform.
Other overhead expense increases during the first quarter of 2017 include foreclosure costs, which were up $127, and professional fees, which were up $116, as compared to the first quarter of 2016. Both variances were impacted by the collection and legal expense associated with maintaining OREO properties, as well as the recovery efforts on loan deficiency balances.
The Company experienced a decrease of $200, or 88.1%, in merger related expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. During the first quarter of 2016, the Company executed the merger agreement with Milton Bancorp. The merger was eventually finalized on August 5, 2016. The Company anticipates the remaining merger related expenses in 2017 to be minimal.
The remaining noninterest expense categories increased $387, or 16.0%, during the first quarter of 2017, as compared to the first quarter of 2016. The addition of Milton Bank contributed to the increases of various noninterest expense areas that include software, building and equipment, customer incentives, and intangible asset amortization.
The Company's efficiency ratio is defined as noninterest expense as a percentage of fully tax-equivalent net interest income plus noninterest income. The effects from provision expense are excluded from the efficiency ratio. Management continues to place emphasis on managing its balance sheet mix and interest rate sensitivity as well as developing more innovative ways to generate noninterest revenue. During the year-to-date period ending March 31, 2017, the Company was successful in generating more net interest income primarily due to higher average earning assets while minimizing funding costs. However, a 21.6% year-over-year decline in tax processing fees combined with higher personnel costs caused overhead expense to outpace net revenue levels so far during 2017. As a result, the Company's efficiency levels have regressed, finishing at 66.2% at March 31, 2017, as compared to 63.8% at March 31, 2016.
Capital Resources
Banks and bank holding companies are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and, additionally for banks, prompt corrective action regulations, involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. In addition, in order for a financial holding company to continue to engage in activities permitted only for financial holding companies, it must be "well capitalized". Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action. The final rules implementing Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capital guidelines for U.S. banks (Basel III rules) became effective for the Company and the Bank on January 1, 2015 with full compliance with all of the requirements being phased in over a multi-year schedule, and fully phased in by January 1, 2019. Under the final rules, minimum requirements increased for both the quantity and quality of capital held by the Company and the Bank. The rules include a new common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 4.5% and a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. The capital conservation buffer began to phase in on January 1, 2016 at 0.625%, and will be phased in over a four-year period, increasing by the same amount on each subsequent January 1, until fully phased-in on January 1, 2019. Further, Basel III rules increased the minimum ratio of tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets increased from 4.0% to 6.0% and all banks are now subject to a 4.0% minimum leverage ratio. The required total risk-based capital ratio was unchanged. Failure to maintain the required common equity tier 1 capital conservation buffer will result in potential restrictions on a bank's ability to pay dividends, repurchase stock and/or pay discretionary compensation to its employees.
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Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required. At March 31, 2017 and year-end 2016, the Bank met the capital requirements to be deemed well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. The Company's capital also met the requirements for the Company to be deemed well capitalized.
The following table summarizes the capital ratios of the Company and Bank and the minimum regulatory requirements:

|  | 3/31/17 |  |  | 12/31/16 |  |  | Regulatory Minimum |
Common equity tier 1 risk-based capital ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company |  |  | 14.4% |  |  |  | 14.0% |  |  |  | 4.5% |
Bank |  |  | 14.5% |  |  |  | 14.2% |  |  |  | 4.5% |
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company |  |  | 15.6% |  |  |  | 15.3% |  |  |  | 6.0% |
Bank |  |  | 14.5% |  |  |  | 14.2% |  |  |  | 6.0% |
Total risk-based capital ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company |  |  | 16.6% |  |  |  | 16.4% |  |  |  | 8.0% |
Bank |  |  | 15.5% |  |  |  | 15.3% |  |  |  | 8.0% |
Leverage ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company |  |  | 10.3% |  |  |  | 11.2% |  |  |  | 4.0% |
Bank |  |  | 9.6% |  |  |  | 10.4% |  |  |  | 4.0% |

Cash dividends paid by the Company were $980 during the first three months of 2017. The year-to-date dividends paid totaled $0.21 per share for 2017.
Liquidity
Liquidity relates to the Company's ability to meet the cash demands and credit needs of its customers and is provided by the ability to readily convert assets to cash and raise funds in the marketplace. Total cash and cash equivalents, held to maturity securities maturing within one year and available for sale securities, totaling $215,360, represented 20.8% of total assets at March 31, 2017. In addition, the FHLB offers advances to the Bank, which further enhances the Bank's ability to meet liquidity demands. At March 31, 2017, the Bank could borrow an additional $140,581 from the FHLB, of which $75,000 could be used for short-term, cash management advances. Furthermore, the Bank has established a borrowing line with the Federal Reserve. At March 31, 2017, this line had total availability of $47,020. Lastly, the Bank also has the ability to purchase federal funds from a correspondent bank.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As discussed in Note 5 – Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk, the Company engages in certain off-balance sheet credit-related activities, including commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, which could require the Company to make cash payments in the event that specified future events occur. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. While these commitments are necessary to meet the financing needs of the Company's customers, many of these commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total amount of commitments does not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
Critical Accounting Policies
The most significant accounting policies followed by the Company are presented in Note A to the financial statements in the Company's 2016 Annual Report to Shareholders. These policies, along with the disclosures presented in the other financial statement notes, provide information on how significant assets and liabilities are valued in the financial statements and how those values are determined. Management views critical accounting policies to be those which are highly dependent on subjective or complex judgments, estimates and assumptions, and where changes in those estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on the financial statements. Management currently views the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and business combinations to be critical accounting policies.
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Allowance for loan losses:
The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management estimates the allowance balance required using past loan loss experience, the nature and volume of the portfolio, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions, and other factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management's judgment, should be charged off.
The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans generally consist of loans with balances of $200 or more on nonaccrual status or nonperforming in nature. Loans for which the terms have been modified, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired.
Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length and reasons for the delay, the borrower's prior payment record, and the amount of shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.
Commercial and commercial real estate loans are individually evaluated for impairment. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan's existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as consumer and most residential real estate, are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, they are not separately identified for impairment disclosure. Troubled debt restructurings are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan's effective rate at inception. If a troubled debt restructuring is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. For troubled debt restructurings that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of reserve in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses.
The general component covers non-impaired loans and impaired loans that are not individually reviewed for impairment and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Company over the most recent 3 years for the consumer and real estate portfolio segment and 5 years for the commercial portfolio segment. The total loan portfolio's actual loss experience is supplemented with other economic factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These economic factors include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects of any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. The following portfolio segments have been identified: Commercial Real Estate, Commercial and Industrial, Residential Real Estate, and Consumer.
Commercial and industrial loans consist of borrowings for commercial purposes by individuals, corporations, partnerships, sole proprietorships, and other business enterprises. Commercial and industrial loans are generally secured by business assets such as equipment, accounts receivable, inventory, or any other asset excluding real estate and generally made to finance capital expenditures or operations. The Company's risk exposure is related to deterioration in the value of collateral securing the loan should foreclosure become necessary. Generally, business assets used or produced in operations do not maintain their value upon foreclosure, which may require the Company to write down the value significantly to sell.
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Commercial real estate consists of nonfarm, nonresidential loans secured by owner-occupied and nonowner-occupied commercial real estate as well as commercial construction loans. An owner-occupied loan relates to a borrower purchased building or space for which the repayment of principal is dependent upon cash flows from the ongoing business operations conducted by the party, or an affiliate of the party, who owns the property. Owner-occupied loans that are dependent on cash flows from operations can be adversely affected by current market conditions for their product or service. A nonowner-occupied loan is a property loan for which the repayment of principal is dependent upon rental income associated with the property or the subsequent sale of the property. Nonowner-occupied loans that are dependent upon rental income are primarily impacted by local economic conditions which dictate occupancy rates and the amount of rent charged. Commercial construction loans consist of borrowings to purchase and develop raw land into one- to four-family residential properties. Construction loans are extended to individuals as well as corporations for the construction of an individual or multiple properties and are secured by raw land and the subsequent improvements. Repayment of the loans to real estate developers is dependent upon the sale of properties to third parties in a timely fashion upon completion. Should there be delays in construction or a downturn in the market for those properties, there may be significant erosion in value which may be absorbed by the Company.
Residential real estate loans consist of loans to individuals for the purchase of one- to four-family primary residences with repayment primarily through wage or other income sources of the individual borrower. The Company's loss exposure to these loans is dependent on local market conditions for residential properties as loan amounts are determined, in part, by the fair value of the property at origination.
Consumer loans are comprised of loans to individuals secured by automobiles, open-end home equity loans and other loans to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures, both secured and unsecured. These loans typically have maturities of 6 years or less with repayment dependent on individual wages and income. The risk of loss on consumer loans is elevated as the collateral securing these loans, if any, rapidly depreciate in value or may be worthless and/or difficult to locate if repossession is necessary. During the last several years, one of the most significant portions of the Company's net loan charge-offs have been from consumer loans. Nevertheless, the Company has allocated the highest percentage of its allowance for loan losses as a percentage of loans to the other identified loan portfolio segments due to the larger dollar balances and inherent risk associated with such portfolios.
Business combinations:
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount of any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree. Acquisition related transaction costs are expensed and included in other operational result. When a business is acquired, the Company assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. We are required to record the assets acquired, including identified intangible assets, and the liabilities assumed at their fair value. These often involve estimates based on third party valuations, such as appraisals, or internal valuations based on discounted cash flow analyses or other valuation techniques that may include estimates of attrition, inflation, asset growth rates, or other relevant factors. In addition, the determination of the useful lives over which an intangible asset will be amortized is subjective. Under FASB ASC 350 (SFAS No. 142 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets), goodwill and indefinite-lived assets recorded must be reviewed for impairment on an annual basis, as well as on an interim basis if events or changes indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss must be recognized for any excess of carrying value over fair value of the goodwill or the indefinite-lived intangible asset.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company maintains a diversified credit portfolio, with residential real estate loans currently comprising the most significant portion. Credit risk is primarily subject to loans made to businesses and individuals in southeastern Ohio and western West Virginia. Management believes this risk to be general in nature, as there are no material concentrations of loans to any industry or consumer group. To the extent possible, the Company diversifies its loan portfolio to limit credit risk by avoiding industry concentrations.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company's goal for interest rate sensitivity management is to maintain a balance between steady net interest income growth and the risks associated with interest rate fluctuations. Interest rate risk ("IRR") is the exposure of the Company's financial condition to adverse movements in interest rates. Accepting this risk can be an important source of profitability, but excessive levels of IRR can threaten the Company's earnings and capital.
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The Company evaluates IRR through the use of an earnings simulation model to analyze net interest income sensitivity to changing interest rates. The modeling process starts with a base case simulation, which assumes a static balance sheet and flat interest rates. The base case scenario is compared to rising and falling interest rate scenarios assuming a parallel shift in all interest rates. Comparisons of net interest income and net income fluctuations from the flat rate scenario illustrate the risks associated with the current balance sheet structure.
The Company's Asset/Liability Committee monitors and manages IRR within Board approved policy limits. The current IRR policy limits anticipated changes in net interest income to an instantaneous increase or decrease in market interest rates over a 12 month horizon to +/- 5% for a 100 basis point rate shock, +/- 7.5% for a 200 basis point rate shock and +/- 10% for a 300 basis point rate shock. Based on the level of interest rates, management did not test interest rates down 200 or 300 basis points.
The following table presents the Company's estimated net interest income sensitivity:

Change in Interest Rates in Basis Points |  | March 31, 2017 Percentage Change in Net Interest Income |  | December 31, 2016 Percentage Change in Net Interest Income
+300 |  | 5.20% |  | (.39%)
+200 |  | 3.64% |  | (.05%)
+100 |  | 1.90% |  | .09%
-100 |  | (3.04%) |  | (1.72%)

The estimated percentage change in net interest income due to a change in interest rates was within the policy guidelines established by the Board. With the historical low interest rate environment, management generally has been focused on limiting the duration of assets, while trying to extend the duration of our funding sources to the extent customer preferences will permit the Company to do so. At March 31, 2017, the interest rate risk profile reflects an asset sensitive position, which produces higher net interest income due to an increase in interest rates. Contributing to the change in interest rate risk profile from December 31, 2016, was the significant increase in liquidity due to tax refund processing. The additional liquidity is maintained in an interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve and the interest rate is highly correlated to any rate change implemented by the Federal Reserve as part of its monetary policy. Since the deposit balance associated with tax refund processing is seasonal, management expects a portion of the balance maintained at the Federal Reserve to decline in subsequent quarters, which may reduce or eliminate our asset sensitive position. In a declining rate environment, net interest income is impacted by the interest rate on many deposit accounts not being able to adjust downward. With interest rates so low, deposit accounts are perceived to be at or near an interest rate floor. As a result, net interest income decreases in a declining interest rate environment. Overall, management is comfortable with the current interest rate risk profile which reflects minimal exposure to interest rate changes.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
With the participation of the Chief Executive Officer (the principal executive officer) and the Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (the principal financial officer) of Ohio Valley, Ohio Valley's management has evaluated the effectiveness of Ohio Valley's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q. Based on that evaluation, Ohio Valley's Chief Executive Officer and Vice President and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that Ohio Valley's disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Ohio Valley in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Ohio Valley in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to Ohio Valley's management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in Ohio Valley's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a‑15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during Ohio Valley's fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2017, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Ohio Valley's internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Not applicable.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
You should carefully consider the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1.A. "Risk Factors" in Ohio Valley's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risk factors could materially affect the Company's business, financial condition or future results. The risk factors described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company or that management currently deems to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect the Company's business, financial condition and/or operating results. Moreover, the Company undertakes no obligation and disclaims any intention to publish revised information or updates to forward looking statements contained in such risk factors or in any other statement made at any time by any director, officer, employee or other representative of the Company unless and until any such revisions or updates are expressly required to be disclosed by applicable securities laws or regulations.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
On February 21, 2017, Ohio Valley sold 15,118 of its common shares, without par value, to the Ohio Valley Banc Corp. Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the "ESOP") for an aggregate of $428. No underwriters were involved, and no underwriting discount or commissions were paid. The sale was exempt from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 as a transaction by the issuer not involving any public offering, made only to the ESOP, with respect to which The Ohio Valley Bank Company serves as the Trustee.
Ohio Valley did not purchase any of its shares during the three months ended March 31, 2017.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
(a) Exhibits:
Reference is made to the Exhibit Index set forth immediately following the signature page of this Form 10-Q.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | OHIO VALLEY BANC CORP.
Date: | May 10, 2017 | By: | /s/Thomas E. Wiseman
|  |  | Thomas E. Wiseman
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: | May 10, 2017 | By: | /s/Scott W. Shockey
|  |  | Scott W. Shockey
|  |  | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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EXHIBIT INDEX
The following exhibits are included in this Form 10-Q or are incorporated by reference as noted in the following table:

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Description
2(a) |  | Agreement and Plan of Merger between Ohio Valley Banc Corp. and Milton Bancorp, Inc. dated January 7, 2016: Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Ohio Valley's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2016 (SEC File No. 0-20914).
2(b) |  | Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between Ohio Valley Banc Corp. and Milton Bancorp, Inc., dated April 20, 2016: Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Ohio Valley's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2016 (SEC File No. 0-20914).
3(a) |  | Amended Articles of Incorporation of Ohio Valley (reflects amendments through April 7, 1999) [for SEC reporting compliance only - - not filed with the Ohio Secretary of State]. Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(a) to Ohio Valley's Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 (SEC File No. 0-20914).
3(b) |  | Code of Regulations of Ohio Valley (as amended by the shareholders on May 12, 2010): Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to Ohio Valley's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2010 (SEC File No. 0-20914).
4 |  | Agreement to furnish instruments and agreements defining rights of holders of long-term debt: Filed herewith.
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification (Principal Executive Officer): Filed herewith.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification (Principal Financial Officer): Filed herewith.
32 |  | Section 1350 Certifications (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Accounting Officer): Filed herewith.
101.INS # |  | XBRL Instance Document: Filed herewith. #
101.SCH # |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema: Filed herewith. #
101.CAL # |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase: Filed herewith. #
101.DEF # |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase: Filed herewith. #
101.LAB # |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase: Filed herewith. #
101.PRE # |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase: Filed herewith. #

# Attached as Exhibit 101 are the following documents formatted in XBRL (eXtensive Business Reporting Language): (i) Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income; (iii) Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (iv) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity; (v) Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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