10-Q 1 lode-20180630x10q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

| x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2018
or

| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________ to ______________
Commission File No. 001-35200
COMSTOCK MINING INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

NEVADA (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | 1040 (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |  | 65-0955118 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

P.O. Box 1118
Virginia City, NV 89440
(Address of principal executive offices)
(775) 847-5272
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

|  | Large accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  |
|  | Non-accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
|  |  |  |  |  | Smaller reporting company |  | x |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ¨ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark of the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x
The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.000666 par value, of the registrant outstanding at July 25, 2018 was 57,286,428.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. Financial Statements. | 4
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS | 4
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS | 5
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS | 6
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. | 18
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 35
Item 4. Controls and Procedures. | 35
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings. | 36
Item 1A. Risk Factors. | 36
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds. | 36
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities. | 36
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. | 37
Item 5. Other Information. | 37
Item 6. Exhibits. | 38
Signatures | 39

2

Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained in this report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project,” “plan,” “should,” “intend,” “may,” “will,” “would,” “potential” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of doing so. Forward-looking statements include statements about matters such as: future industry market conditions; future explorations or acquisitions; future changes in our exploration activities; future prices and sales of, and demand for, our products; land entitlements and uses; production capacity and operations; operating and overhead costs; future capital expenditures and their impact on us; operational and management changes (including changes in the board of directors); changes in business strategies, planning and tactics; future employment and contributions of personnel, including consultants; future land sales investments, acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, operational, tax, financial and restructuring initiatives; including the nature and timing and accounting for restructuring charges, derivative liabilities and the impact thereof; contingencies; environmental compliance and changes in the regulatory environment; offerings, limitations on sales or offering of equity or debt securities; including asset sales and the redemption of the debenture and associated costs; future working capital, costs, revenues, business opportunities, debt levels, cash flows, margins, earnings and growth
These statements are based on assumptions and assessments made by our management in light of their experience and their perception of historical and current trends, current conditions, possible future developments and other factors they believe to be appropriate. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees, representations or warranties and are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are unforeseeable and beyond our control and could cause actual results, developments and business decisions to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements. Some of those risks and uncertainties include the risk factors set forth in this report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017, and the following: adverse effects of climate changes or natural disasters; global economic and capital market uncertainties; the speculative nature of gold or mineral exploration, including risks of diminishing quantities or grades of qualified resources; operational or technical difficulties in connection with exploration or mining activities; contests over our title to properties; potential dilution to our stockholders from our stock issuances, recapitalization and balance sheet restructuring activities; potential inability to comply with applicable government regulations or law; adoption of or changes in legislation or regulations adversely affecting our businesses; permitting constraints or delays; business opportunities that may be presented to, or pursued by, us; acquisitions, joint ventures, strategic alliances, business combinations, asset sales, and investments that we may be party to in the future; changes in the United States or other monetary or fiscal policies or regulations; interruptions in our production capabilities due to capital constraints; equipment failures; fluctuation of prices for gold or certain other commodities (such as silver, zinc, cyanide, water, diesel fuel and electricity); changes in generally accepted accounting principles; adverse effects of terrorism and geopolitical events; potential inability to implement our business strategies; potential inability to grow revenues; potential inability to attract and retain key personnel; interruptions in delivery of critical supplies, equipment and raw materials due to credit or other limitations imposed by vendors; assertion of claims, lawsuits and proceedings against us; potential inability to satisfy debt and lease obligations; potential inability to maintain an effective system of internal controls over financial reporting; potential inability or failure to timely file periodic reports with the SEC; potential inability to list our securities on any securities exchange or market; inability to maintain the listing of our securities; and work stoppages or other labor difficulties. Occurrence of such events or circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows or the market price of our securities. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements by or attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these factors. Except as may be required by securities or other law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
3

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
COMSTOCK MINING INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)

| June 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
ASSETS |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,469,429 |  |  | $ | 2,066,718 |
Assets held for sale, Net (Note 2) | 5,363,403 |  |  | 5,363,403 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (Note 3) | 709,248 |  |  | 301,387 |
Total current assets | 7,542,080 |  |  | 7,731,508 |
MINERAL RIGHTS AND PROPERTIES, Net | 7,205,081 |  |  | 7,205,081 |
PROPERTIES, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, Net (Note 4) | 11,163,991 |  |  | 12,781,733 |
RECLAMATION BOND DEPOSIT | 2,622,544 |  |  | 2,622,544 |
RETIREMENT OBLIGATION ASSET (Note 5) | 246,310 |  |  | 282,745 |
OTHER ASSETS | 340,063 |  |  | 340,302 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 29,120,069 |  |  | $ | 30,963,913 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 503,760 |  |  | $ | 321,302 |
Accrued expenses (Note 6) | 779,591 |  |  | 496,651 |
Long-term debt– current portion (Note 7) | 299,940 |  |  | 291,532 |
Total current liabilities | 1,583,291 |  |  | 1,109,485 |
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES: |  |  |
Long-term debt (Note 7) | 8,830,979 |  |  | 9,971,421 |
Long-term reclamation liability (Note 8) | 7,428,734 |  |  | 7,417,680 |
Other liabilities | 569,184 |  |  | 600,228 |
Total long-term liabilities | 16,828,897 |  |  | 17,989,329 |
Total liabilities | 18,412,188 |  |  | 19,098,814 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 9) |  |  |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |
Preferred Stock; 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $.000666 par value, 790,000,000 shares authorized, 55,756,428 and 47,236,103 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively | 37,134 |  |  | 31,459 |
Additional paid-in capital | 238,175,400 |  |  | 234,438,057 |
Accumulated deficit | (227,504,653 | ) |  | (222,604,417 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 10,707,881 |  |  | 11,865,099 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | $ | 29,120,069 |  |  | $ | 30,963,913 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

COMSTOCK MINING INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
REVENUES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue - mining | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Revenue - real estate | 28,815 |  |  | 27,370 |  |  | 51,665 |  |  | 46,664 |
Total revenues | 28,815 |  |  | 27,370 |  |  | 51,665 |  |  | 46,664 |
COSTS AND EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs applicable to mining revenue | 728,559 |  |  | 914,341 |  |  | 1,457,463 |  |  | 1,816,745 |
Real estate operating costs | 9,880 |  |  | 22,813 |  |  | 16,971 |  |  | 39,946 |
Exploration and mine development | 248,648 |  |  | 271,137 |  |  | 458,186 |  |  | 542,104 |
Mine claims and costs | 91,025 |  |  | 244,458 |  |  | 271,256 |  |  | 508,993 |
Environmental and reclamation | 62,186 |  |  | 169,264 |  |  | 120,254 |  |  | 517,315 |
General and administrative | 827,542 |  |  | 957,034 |  |  | 1,554,163 |  |  | 1,617,897 |
Total costs and expenses | 1,967,840 |  |  | 2,579,047 |  |  | 3,878,293 |  |  | 5,043,000 |
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS | (1,939,025 | ) |  | (2,551,677 | ) |  | (3,826,628 | ) |  | (4,996,336 | )
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (330,887 | ) |  | (398,854 | ) |  | (714,227 | ) |  | (854,936 | )
Other income (expense) | (145,420 | ) |  | 17,809 |  |  | (359,381 | ) |  | 144,369 |
Total other expense, net | (476,307 | ) |  | (381,045 | ) |  | (1,073,608 | ) |  | (710,567 | )
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES | (2,415,332 | ) |  | (2,932,722 | ) |  | (4,900,236 | ) |  | (5,706,903 | )
INCOME TAXES | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
NET LOSS | $ | (2,415,332 | ) |  | $ | (2,932,722 | ) |  | $ | (4,900,236 | ) |  | $ | (5,706,903 | )
Net loss per common share – basic | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | (0.15 | )
Net loss per common share – diluted | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | (0.15 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic | 53,834,285 |  |  | 38,614,940 |  |  | 51,859,818 |  |  | 37,942,856 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted | 53,834,285 |  |  | 38,614,940 |  |  | 51,859,818 |  |  | 37,942,856 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

COMSTOCK MINING INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (4,900,236 | ) |  | $ | (5,706,903 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation, amortization, and depletion | 1,659,808 |  |  | 2,255,730 |
Accretion of reclamation liability | 11,054 |  |  | 32,167 |
Gain on sale of properties, plant, and equipment | (26,000 | ) |  | (17,809 | )
Amortization of debt discounts and issuance costs | 192,600 |  |  | 208,148 |
Net loss on early retirement of long-term debt | 164,751 |  |  | 126,997 |
Payment-in-kind interest expense | 437,852 |  |  | — |
Loss on make-whole liability with Pelen, LLC | 201,393 |  |  | — |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (157,861 | ) |  | 24,624 |
Accounts payable | 182,458 |  |  | (143,807 | )
Accrued expenses and other liabilities | 50,504 |  |  | (393,080 | )
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES | (2,183,677 | ) |  | (3,613,933 | )
INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Proceeds from principal payment on note receivable | 239 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sale of properties, plant, and equipment | 26,000 |  |  | 17,809 |
Purchase of mineral rights and properties, plant and equipment | (255,631 | ) |  | (117,000 | )
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES | (229,392 | ) |  | (99,191 | )
FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Principal payments on long-term debt | (1,927,238 | ) |  | (7,691,454 | )
Proceeds from long-term debt obligations (net of issuance costs) | — |  |  | 9,405,996 |
Proceeds from earn-in option with Tonogold | 2,000,000 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock | 1,795,860 |  |  | 2,920,253 |
Common stock issuance costs | (52,842 | ) |  | (74,821 | )
NET CASH PROVIDED BY FINANCING ACTIVITIES | 1,815,780 |  |  | 4,559,974 |
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (597,289 | ) |  | 846,850 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 2,066,718 |  |  | 184,359 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD | $ | 1,469,429 |  |  | $ | 1,031,209 |
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 83,775 |  |  | $ | 646,789 |
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Issuance of common stock to pay for common stock issuance costs | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | 200,000 |
Issuance of common stock (in advance of close) to purchase membership interests | $ | 585,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Payment for purchase of property, plant, and equipment with prepaid deposits | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,158,785 |
Issuance of debt to purchase property, plant, and equipment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 247,494 |
Settlement of long-term debt obligations with prepaid deposits | $ | — |  |  | $ | 231,000 |
Issuance of common stock for settlement of long-term debt obligations | $ | — |  |  | $ | 124,920 |
Issuance of common stock to purchase properties, plant, and equipment | $ | — |  |  | $ | 274,400 |
Debt issuance costs in accounts payable | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26,550 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

COMSTOCK MINING INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2018 (UNAUDITED)
1. Interim Financial Statements
Basis of Presentation
The interim condensed consolidated financial statements of Comstock Mining Inc. and subsidiaries (“Comstock”, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”) have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018. For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes thereto in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
Liquidity and Management Plans
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and contemplates the Company's continuation as a going concern.
On April 3, 2018, the Company received a $2 million cash payment relating to an option agreement (the “Option Agreement.”) with Tonogold Resources Inc. (“Tonogold”). The Company used $1.5 million of the proceeds to reduce its indebtedness under the Debenture. In addition, the Option Agreement requires Tonogold to reimburse the Company for certain expenditures associated with the Lucerne Mine Project. The Company has received approximately $0.3 million in expense reimbursements during the six months ended June 30, 2018.
The Company commenced production with the Lucerne Mine in 2012, which ramped up to approximately 20,000 gold-equivalent-ounces of annual production. The Company completed leaching from its existing leach pads in December 2016 and is currently planning the exploration and development of its next two mines, first with its second surface mine in the Dayton Resource area and then further developing, in collaboration through the Option Agreement with Tonogold, the second phase of development and ultimately, a plan for resuming production from the Lucerne Mine.
The Company has recurring net losses from operations and an accumulated deficit of $227.5 million at June 30, 2018. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2018, the Company incurred a net loss of $4.9 million and used $2.2 million of cash in operations. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1.5 million, current assets of $7.5 million and current liabilities of $1.6 million, resulting in current working capital of $5.9 million.
The Company’s current capital resources include cash and cash equivalents and other net working capital resources, along with a loan commitment agreement with $7.0 million in unused capacity after consideration of fees due at the time of borrowing. The Company has an existing equity purchase agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with Leviston Resources, LLC ("Leviston") with unused capacity of $2.6 million. These capital resources are in addition to certain planned non-mining asset sales.
7

While the Company has been successful in the past in obtaining the necessary capital to support its operations, including registered equity financings from its existing shelf registration statement, borrowings, or other means, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional equity capital or other financing, if needed. However, the Company believes it will have sufficient funds to sustain its operations during the next 12 months from the date the financial statements were issued as a result of the funding sources detailed above.
Future operating expenditures above management’s expectations, including exploration and mine development expenditures in excess of amounts to be raised from the issuance of equity under the Purchase Agreement, declines in the market value of properties held for sale, or declines in the share price of the Company's common stock would adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. If the Company was unable to obtain any necessary additional funds, this could have an immediate material adverse effect on liquidity and could raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In such case, the Company could be required to limit or discontinue certain business plans, activities or operations, reduce or delay certain capital expenditures or sell certain assets or businesses. There can be no assurance that the Company would be able to take any such actions on favorable terms, in a timely manner or at all.
Use of Estimates
In preparing financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenditures during the reported periods. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Estimates may include those pertaining to estimated useful lives and valuation of properties, plant, and equipment, assets held for sale, mineral rights, deferred tax assets, derivative assets and liabilities, reclamation liabilities, stock-based compensation and payments, and contingent liabilities.
Reverse Stock Split
Effective November 9, 2017, the Company completed a 1-for-5 reverse stock split of its authorized and outstanding common stock, as approved by its Board of Directors. All 2017 common shares and per share amounts set forth herein give effect to this reverse stock split.
Comprehensive Loss
The only component of comprehensive loss for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, was our net loss.
Income Taxes
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts and tax basis of certain recorded assets and liabilities and for tax loss carryforwards. Realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon our ability to generate sufficient future taxable earnings. Where it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized, we have provided a full valuation allowance. The Company has provided a full valuation allowance at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, for its net deferred tax assets because we cannot conclude it is more likely than not that they will be realized.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Updated (“ASU”) 2014-09 (Topic 606) that introduces a new five-step revenue recognition model that an entity should use to recognize revenue when depicting the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU also requires disclosures sufficient to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. We used the modified retrospective method to adopt the provisions of this standard effective January 1, 2018, which required us to apply the new revenue standard to (i) all new revenue contracts entered into after January 1, 2018 and (ii) all existing revenue contracts as of January 1, 2018, through a cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit. In accordance with this approach, our consolidated revenues for the periods prior to January 1, 2018, were not revised. The Company did not record a cumulative effect adjustment to its beginning accumulated
8

deficit as a result of adoption of Topic 606 as there were no revenue contracts within the scope of Topic 606 as of January 1, 2018.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments ("ASU 2016-15"), which amends ASC 230, Statement of Cash Flows, and the FASB’s standards for reporting cash flows in general-purpose financial statements. The amendments address the diversity in practice related to the classification of certain cash receipts and payments including debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2018, with no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 affects any entity that enters into a lease, with some specified scope exceptions. For public business entities, the amendments in this update are effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early application is permitted for all entities. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements, which will require right of use assets and lease liabilities be recorded in the consolidated balance sheet for operating leases.
2. Assets Held For Sale
The Company committed to a plan to sell certain land, buildings, and water rights. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has assets with a net book value of $5.4 million, which met the criteria to be classified as assets held for sale. Those criteria specify that the asset must be available for immediate sale in its present condition (subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets), the sale of the asset must be probable, and its transfer expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale generally within one year. Proceeds from the sale of these assets are required to be used to satisfy obligations due under the terms of the debenture with GF Comstock 2 LP as described in Note 7.
Assets held for sale include:

| June 30, 2018 | December 31, 2017
Industrial Park (Land and water rights) | $ | 2,738,462 |  | $ | 2,738,462 |
Daney Ranch (Land and buildings) | 2,146,575 |  | 2,146,575 |
Gold Hill Hotel (Land and buildings) | 478,366 |  | 478,366 |
Total assets held for sale | $ | 5,363,403 |  | $ | 5,363,403 |

3. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:

| June 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Land and property deposits | $ | 250,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Surety bond and insurance | 198,485 |  |  | 188,485 |
Reimbursements due from Tonogold | 54,815 |  |  | — |
Other | 205,948 |  |  | 112,902 |
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 709,248 |  |  | $ | 301,387 |

9

4. Properties, Plant and Equipment
Properties, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

| June 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Land and building | $ | 9,169,605 |  |  | $ | 9,169,605 |
Vehicle and equipment | 2,357,367 |  |  | 2,414,216 |
Processing and laboratory | 21,166,497 |  |  | 21,166,497 |
Furniture and fixtures | 755,665 |  |  | 755,665 |
| 33,449,134 |  |  | 33,505,983 |
Less accumulated depreciation | (22,285,143 | ) |  | (20,724,250 | )
Total properties, plant and equipment | $ | 11,163,991 |  |  | $ | 12,781,733 |

During the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized depreciation expense of $0.8 million and $1.6 million, respectively. During the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized depreciation expense of $1.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
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5. Retirement Obligation Asset
Following is a reconciliation of the aggregate retirement obligation asset associated with our reclamation plan for our mining projects:

| Six Months Ended |  | Twelve Months Ended
| June 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Retirement obligation asset — beginning of period | $ | 282,745 |  |  | $ | 617,126 |
Additional obligations incurred | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of retirement obligation asset | (36,435 | ) |  | (334,381 | )
Retirement obligation asset — end of period | $ | 246,310 |  |  | $ | 282,745 |

6. Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

| June 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Accrued Northern Comstock Joint Venture | $ | 407,083 |  |  | $ | 180,833 |
Accrued make-whole for 25% acquisition (Note 13) | 201,393 |  |  | — |
Accrued payroll costs | 121,652 |  |  | 57,402 |
Accrued personal property tax | — |  |  | 84,264 |
Accrued Board of Directors fees | 20,000 |  |  | 84,000 |
Accrued vendor liabilities | — |  |  | 75,415 |
Other accrued expenses | 29,463 |  |  | 14,737 |
Total accrued expenses | $ | 779,591 |  |  | $ | 496,651 |

The accrued expense for the Northern Comstock Joint Venture represents the difference in timing of expense recognition and required monthly and annual payments to Northern Comstock LLC.
7. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt consisted of the following:

Note Description | June 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Note Payable (GF Comstock 2) - Payable in semi-annual installments of interest only at 11% with principal and make whole payment due January 2021. | $ | 8,872,661 |  |  | $ | 10,218,352 |
Caterpillar Equipment Consolidated - Principal and interest at 5.7% payable in monthly installments of $29,570 due on or before November 1, 2021. | 1,099,266 |  |  | 1,242,960 |
Total debt | 9,971,927 |  |  | 11,461,312 |
Less: long-term debt discounts and issuance costs | (841,008 | ) |  | (1,198,359 | )
Total debt, net of discounts and issuance costs | 9,130,919 |  |  | 10,262,953 |
Less: current maturities | (299,940 | ) |  | (291,532 | )
Long-term debt, net of discounts and issuance costs | $ | 8,830,979 |  |  | $ | 9,971,421 |

Debt Obligations
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GF Comstock 2 LP
On January 13, 2017, the Company issued an 11% Senior Secured Debenture (the "Debenture") to GF Comstock 2 LP due 2021 in an aggregate principal amount of $10,723,000. The Debenture is collateralized by (1) substantially all of the assets of the Company, and (2) a pledge of 100% of the equity of the subsidiaries of Comstock Mining Inc. The use of proceeds included refinancing substantially all of the Company’s current obligations, except the amount due to Caterpillar Finance. The Debenture was issued at a discount of approximately $568,000 and the Company incurred issuance costs of approximately $528,000. The Debenture required an additional "Make Whole" obligation totaling approximately $688,000, if paid any time prior to or at maturity. At June 30, 2018, the remaining balance on the Make Whole obligation was $508,599. Total principal on the Debenture is due on January 13, 2021. The Debenture requires acceleration of payment of accrued interest, principal, and the related Make Whole obligation from all net proceeds received upon the sale of any of the assets of the Company.
Interest is payable semi-annually. For the first two years, interest will be payable, at the option of the Company, either in cash or in the form of additional Debentures (or a combination thereof). For the third and fourth years, interest will be payable only in cash. The Company elected to pay the first two semi-annual interest payments in cash in June 2017, and December of 2017. In June 2018, the Company elected to make the third payment of $437,852, in the form of additional Debentures (Payment in Kind).
Hard Rock Nevada Inc., an employee owned entity, and another related party who is a significant shareholder of the Company, participated in this financing.
Loan Commitment
In March 2017 (and amended in June and September 2017), the Company entered into a loan commitment agreement that provides up to $7.5 million in borrowing capacity and expires in 2021 with an 11% interest rate. Principal amounts borrowed under this agreement would not be due until 2021. Until January 1, 2019, interest on any borrowings will be payable in cash and/or in the form of additional indebtedness under the agreement, at the Company’s option. No amounts have been borrowed under this agreement and the Company has $7.0 million (after consideration of fees due at the time of borrowing) of available borrowing capacity as of June 30, 2018.
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8. Long-Term Reclamation Liability
Following is a reconciliation of the aggregate reclamation liability associated with our reclamation plan for our mining projects:

| Six Months Ended |  | Twelve Months Ended
| June 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
Long-term reclamation liability — beginning of period | $ | 7,417,680 |  |  | $ | 7,353,346 |
Additional obligations incurred | — |  |  | — |
Accretion of reclamation liability | 11,054 |  |  | 64,334 |
Long-term reclamation liability — end of period | $ | 7,428,734 |  |  | $ | 7,417,680 |

9. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company has minimum royalty obligations with certain of its mineral properties and leases. For most of the mineral properties and leases, the Company is subject to a range of royalty obligations once production commences. These royalties range from 0.5% to 5% of net smelter revenues (NSR) from minerals produced on the properties, with the majority being under 3%. Some of the factors that will influence the amount of the royalties include ounces extracted and the price of gold.
The Company’s mining and exploration activities are subject to various laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment. These laws and regulations are continually changing and are generally becoming more restrictive. The Company believes its operations are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in all material respects. The Company has made, and expects to make in the future, expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations, but cannot predict the full amount of such future expenditures.
On January 31, 2014, the Comstock Residents Association (the “CRA”) and two of its members filed a civil action in the Third Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada in and for Lyon County (the “District Court”) against the Lyon County Board of Commissioners (the “Commissioners”) and the Company, asking the District Court to reverse the Commissioners’ decision to grant an application for master plan amendment and zone change submitted and approved by the Commissioners on January 2, 2014 (the “Application”).
Prior to the approval of the Application, the master plan designation and zoning precluded mining on certain property of the Company in the area of Silver City, Lyon County. In April 2015, the District Court ruled in favor of the Company and the Commissioners. The written Order Denying Petition for Judicial Review was filed and mailed to all parties on June 15, 2015. On July 14, 2015, the CRA and one individual (together “Appellants”) filed a Notice of Appeal of the Court Order, appealing the decision to the Nevada Supreme Court. On December 9, 2015, Appellants filed their Opening Brief in the Nevada Supreme Court, generally repeating the arguments that were made at the District Court. On January 15, 2016, the Company and the Commissioners jointly filed an Answering Brief. Briefing in the Nevada Supreme Court was completed with the Appellants’ filing of a Reply Brief on March 3, 2016. An oral argument before a three-judge panel of the Nevada Supreme Court took place on September 14, 2016.
On December 2, 2016, the Nevada Supreme Court entered an order affirming all three of the District Court’s decisions associated with 1) the Commissioners’ discretion and authority for changing master plans and zoning, 2) their compliance with Nevada’s Open Meeting Law and 3) their compliance with Nevada statutory provisions. Specifically, the Supreme Court affirmed the District Court’s conclusions that Lyon County did not abuse its discretion and that it acted with substantial evidence in support of their decision, that the County did not violate Nevada’s Open Meeting Law and that the County did not violate statutory provisions regarding master plans.
The Supreme Court did reverse the District Court’s dismissal of CRA’s claim of a due process violation, concluding that this claim should not have been dismissed and that further proceedings are necessary in the District Court on this single claim. The Company and the Commissioners filed a motion for summary judgment with the District Court bases on the evidence in the record and the District Court held a hearing on December 11, 2017. The District Court concluded that the Supreme Court's reversal of CRA's due process claim required that CRA be afforded the opportunity to conduct discovery. Therefore, the District Court has allowed a limited time for CRA to conduct discovery on its due process claim, The Company responded to the CRA discovery request on February 20, 2018 and the District Court held a hearing on April 23, 2018. Additional discovery was allowed by the District Court, which was subsequently extended and including response periods by both parties,
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anticipated to be complete by late August 2018, followed by a final ruling from the Court. The Company and the Lyon County District Attorney look forward to positive resolution of CRA's lone remaining claim.
On July 12, 2018, Precious Royalties LLC (“Precious”) filed a complaint in the First Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada, in Storey County, against the Company, alleging that the Company failed to properly pay Precious a net smelter return royalty in accordance with a settlement agreement dated September 24, 2012 and is seeking $510,000 in damages. The Company believes that the claims made in this complaint are without merit and the Company intends to vigorously defend this litigation.
From time to time, we are involved in lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. There are no other matters pending that we expect to have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
10. Stockholders’ Equity
At-the-Market Offering Program
Effective June 2016, the Company entered into a sales agreement with respect to an at-the-market offering program (“ATM Agreement”) pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time at its sole discretion, shares of its common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $5 million. The Company pays the sales agent a commission of 2.5% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares. Final proceeds from this ATM agreement were received in January 2018, and the ATM Agreement was terminated.
Effective April 2017, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with Leviston for the purchase of up to $7.25 million of shares of the Company's common stock from time to time, at the Company's option. The Company is not obligated to make any sales of shares under the Purchase agreement, and if it elects to make any sales, the Company can set a minimum sales price for the shares.
Following is a reconciliation of the transactions under the ATM Agreement and Purchase Agreement for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively:

| Six Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| June 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2017
Number of shares sold | 6,429,299 |  |  | 3,292,161 |
Gross proceeds | $ | 1,795,860 |  |  | $ | 2,670,253 |
Fees | 52,842 |  |  | 74,821 |
Net proceeds | $ | 1,743,018 |  |  | $ | 2,595,432 |
Average price per share | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.81 |

In February 2018, the Company issued 615,605 shares of Common Stock to Leviston in the amount of $0.2 million as payment for issuance fees due under the terms of the Purchase Agreement. In April 2017, the Company issued 777,936 shares of Common Stock to Leviston in the amount of $0.2 million as payment for issuance fees due under the terms of the Purchase Agreement.
Excluded from gross proceeds for the six months ended June 30, 2017 above is $0.25 million of cash proceeds received on June 29, 2017, for which the corresponding 298,525 shares were not issued to the buyer until after June 30, 2017. The $0.25 million of cash proceeds are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2017 as proceeds from the issuance of common stock.
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11. Net Loss Per Common Share
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options were exercised.
The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the basic and diluted computation of net loss per share:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss | $ | (2,415,332 | ) |  | $ | (2,932,722 | ) |  | $ | (4,900,236 | ) |  | $ | (5,706,903 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 53,834,285 |  |  | 38,614,940 |  |  | 51,859,818 |  |  | 37,942,856 |
Net loss per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | (0.15 | )
Diluted | $ | (0.04 | ) |  | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | (0.09 | ) |  | $ | (0.15 | )

There are 10,000 common stock equivalent shares associated with stock options that are not included in the computation of diluted loss per share because the Company has a net loss and the inclusion of such shares would be antidilutive.
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12. Segment Reporting
Our management organizes the Company into two operating segments: mining and real estate. Our mining segment consists of all activities and expenditures associated with mining. Our real estate segment consists of land, real estate rental properties and the Gold Hill Hotel. We evaluate the performance of our operating segments based on operating income (loss). All intercompany transactions have been eliminated, and inter-segment revenues are not significant. Financial information relating to our reportable operating segments and reconciliation to the consolidated totals is as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mining | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate | 28,815 |  |  | 27,370 |  |  | 51,665 |  |  | 46,664 |
Total revenue | 28,815 |  |  | 27,370 |  |  | 51,665 |  |  | 46,664 |
Costs and Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mining | (1,957,960 | ) |  | (2,556,234 | ) |  | (3,861,322 | ) |  | (5,003,054 | )
Real estate | (9,880 | ) |  | (22,813 | ) |  | (16,971 | ) |  | (39,946 | )
Total costs and expenses | (1,967,840 | ) |  | (2,579,047 | ) |  | (3,878,293 | ) |  | (5,043,000 | )
Operating Income (Loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mining | (1,957,960 | ) |  | (2,556,234 | ) |  | (3,861,322 | ) |  | (5,003,054 | )
Real estate | 18,935 |  |  | 4,557 |  |  | 34,694 |  |  | 6,718 |
Total loss from operations | (1,939,025 | ) |  | (2,551,677 | ) |  | (3,826,628 | ) |  | (4,996,336 | )
Other income (expense), net | (476,307 | ) |  | (381,045 | ) |  | (1,073,608 | ) |  | (710,567 | )
Net loss | $ | (2,415,332 | ) |  | $ | (2,932,722 | ) |  | $ | (4,900,236 | ) |  | $ | (5,706,903 | )
Depreciation, Amortization, and Depletion |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mining | $ | 830,416 |  |  | $ | 1,097,963 |  |  | $ | 1,654,878 |  |  | $ | 2,249,092 |
Real estate | 2,465 |  |  | 2,465 |  |  | 4,930 |  |  | 6,638 |
Total depreciation, amortization, and depletion | $ | 832,881 |  |  | $ | 1,100,428 |  |  | $ | 1,659,808 |  |  | $ | 2,255,730 |
Capital Expenditures |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mining | $ | 255,631 |  |  | $ | 117,000 |  |  | $ | 255,631 |  |  | $ | 1,797,679 |
Real estate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total capital expenditures | $ | 255,631 |  |  | $ | 117,000 |  |  | $ | 255,631 |  |  | $ | 1,797,679 |

| As of June 30, |  | As of December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Assets |  |  |
Mining | $ | 23,545,372 |  |  | $ | 25,530,508 |
Real estate | 5,574,697 |  |  | 5,433,405 |
Total assets | $ | 29,120,069 |  |  | $ | 30,963,913 |

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13. Equity Purchase Agreements
Equity purchase agreement with Pelen, LLC
In January of 2018, the Company issued 1,475,410 shares of restricted common stock as initial payment to acquire 25% of the total membership interests of Pelen, LLC. The purchase of the membership interests will close once the seller of the membership interests has received total cash proceeds of at least $585,000 either through sale of the restricted common stock received or through additional cash payments made by the Company. If all of the shares of restricted common stock have been sold by the seller of the membership interests and the aggregate proceeds received are less than $585,000, then the Company is required to pay the shortfall in either additional shares of the Company’s common stock or cash, at the Company’s election. As of June 30, 2018, the purchase has not closed and the Company has not received legal ownership of the membership interests. The Company has recorded a make-whole liability of $201,393 at June 30, 2018 representing the value of the shortfall based on the share price as of June 30, 2018. This amount is recorded within accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June30, 2018.
Equity purchase agreement with Downtown Silver Springs, LLC
On May 30, 2018, and amended on June 22, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement for the purchase of 100% of the membership interests of Downtown Silver Springs, LLC (“DTSS”). DTSS holds an option for the purchase of approximately 160 acres of centrally located land in Silver Springs, Nevada, and separately, holds an option to purchase 350 units of water rights (equaling 392 acre-feet) and 200 units of sewer rights. DTSS has no other assets, no operations, or employees.
The option to purchase the 160 acres of land allows the holder to purchase the land for approximately $3.2 million, plus accrued interest of approximately $345,000 and expires on October 15, 2018. The option to purchase the water and sewer rights allows the holder to purchase the water rights for $5,800 per acre foot and the sewer rights for $7 per sewer unit and expires on October 15, 2018. The water rights and sewer unit usages are not restricted to the 160-acre parcel.
The agreement with DTSS requires the Company make (1) two separate, non-refundable deposits of $250,000 each into escrow towards the purchase of the land in Silver Springs, Nevada, (2) $250,000 of payments to the sellers of the membership interests with $30,000 due on or before July 2, 2018 and the balance of $220,000 due at closing on or before August 3, 2018, and (3) a contingent payment of $250,000 to the sellers of the membership interests on or before December 31, 2018. As of June 30, 2018, the purchase of DTSS has not closed and the Company has not received legal ownership of the membership interests.
On May 30, 2018, the Company made the first required, non-refundable deposit of $250,000 which is recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2018. During July 2018, the Company paid the second required, non-refundable deposit of $250,000, an additional $300,000 non-refundable deposit towards the purchase of the land, and the $30,000 required payment to the sellers of the membership interests described previously. As of the date of this filing, the Company has made a total of $800,000 of non-refundable deposits towards the purchase of the 160 acres of land.
14. Tonogold Option Agreement
On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into the Option Agreement with Tonogold. Under the terms of the Option Agreement, Tonogold will have the right to participate in certain activities, including but not limited to, engineering, development, drilling and test-work, towards completing a technical and economic feasibility assessment on certain properties within the Company’s Lucerne resource area (the “Lucerne Property”).
Under the terms of the Option Agreement, Tonogold can earn a 51% interest in the Company’s presently wholly-owned subsidiary, Comstock Mining LLC, which owns the Lucerne Property by meeting certain requirements and financial milestones. These requirements and milestones include: (1) making capital expenditures on the Lucerne Property and related expense reimbursements to the Company of $20 million no later than 42-months following the Commencement Date of April 3, 2018, and (2) making option payments totaling $2.2 million to the Company. Tonogold made a $0.2 million option payment on October 3, 2017, and a second and final option payment of $2.0 million, on April 3, 2018. The option payments were both recorded within stockholder's equity as they relate to Tonogold’s right to earn-in to a 51% interest in Comstock Mining, LLC. The Company used $1.5 million of the proceeds received from the option payments to reduce its indebtedness under the Debenture. In addition, the Company has received approximately $0.3 million in expense reimbursements for the six-months ended June 30, 2018.
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15. Subsequent Events
In July, the Company entered into the Purchase Agreement with Leviston for the purchase of up to $2.25 million of shares of the Company's common stock from time to time, at the Company's option. The Company is not obligated to make any sales of shares under the Purchase agreement, and if it elects to make any sales, the Company can set a minimum sales price for the shares.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion provides information that we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of the consolidated results of operations and financial condition of the Company as of and for the three and six-month period ended June 30, 2018. It should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes also included in this Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of, and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
Overview
The Company is a Nevada-based, gold and silver mining exploration, development and production company with extensive, contiguous property in the historic Comstock and Silver City mining districts (collectively, the “Comstock District”) and additional mining, commercial and industrial properties located in Storey and Lyon Counties, Nevada. The Comstock District is located within the western portion of the Basin and Range Province of Nevada, near Reno and Carson City. The Company has been acquiring properties and developing projects in the Comstock District since 2003. Since then, the Company has consolidated a substantial portion of the historic Comstock District, entitled more productive land uses, secured permits, built an infrastructure and brought exploration projects into production.
The Company and its subsidiaries now own or control approximately 9,272 acres of mining claims and parcels in the broader Comstock District and surrounding area. The acreage is comprised of approximately 2,347 acres of patented claims and surface parcels (private lands) and approximately 6,925 acres of unpatented mining claims (public lands), which the Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) administers.
Because of the Comstock District’s historical significance, the geology is well known and has been extensively studied by the Company, our advisors and many independent researchers. We have expanded our understanding of the geology of the project area through vigorous surface mapping and drill hole logging. The volume of geologic data is immense, particularly in the Lucerne and Dayton resource areas. We have amassed a large library of historic data and detailed surface mapping of Comstock District properties and continue to obtain historic information from private and public sources. We use such data in conjunction with information obtained from our recent mining operations, to target geological prospective exploration areas and plan exploratory drilling programs, including expanded surface and underground drilling.
The Company continues evaluating and acquiring properties, expanding its footprint and evaluating all of our existing and prospective opportunities for further exploration and development. The near-term goal of our business plan is to maximize intrinsic stockholder value realized, per share, by continuing to acquire and develop mineralized and potentially mineralized properties, exploring, developing and validating qualified resources (measured, indicated and inferred) and reserves (proven and probable) that enable the commercial development of our operations through extended, long-lived mine plans that are economically feasible and socially responsible, including mine plans for both the Lucerne and Dayton resource areas, with both surface and underground development opportunities.
Our Lucerne resource area is located in Storey County, Nevada, approximately three miles south of Virginia City and 30 miles southeast of Reno. The Lucerne resource area was host to the Company’s most-recent test mining operations from 2012 through 2015, including heap-leach processing through 2016. The heap processing facility is in American Flat, approximately three quarters of a mile west of the Lucerne mine. The Company’s headquarters is on American Flat road in Gold Hill, Nevada immediately north of the Lucerne resource area.
The Company achieved initial production and held its first pour of gold and silver on September 29, 2012. The Company ceased mining in 2015, and concluded processing in 2016, and accordingly did not have any gold or silver production or mining revenue during 2017 or 2018. From 2012 through 2016, the Company mined and processed approximately 2.6 million tons of mineralized material, and produced 59,515 ounces of gold and 735,252 ounces of silver.
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Current Exploration Projects - District-wide
The Company's long-term plans contemplate the exploration and development of specific, identified geological target areas across the District that the Company has grouped into two resource areas: the Lucerne and the Dayton resource areas, and three groups of exploration targets: the Spring Valley, Occidental, and Gold Hill targets. These targets represent over 7 miles of mineralized strike length, with current and historical grades of gold and silver. Refer to Figure 1.
Figure 1 - General Overview of Priority Exploration Targets
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Lucerne Resource Area
Most recently, the Company’s internal efforts had focused on the exploration and development of the Lucerne resource area, primarily from underground core drilling, underground drift (tunnel) development, and underground sampling into the Quartz Porphyry (“PQ”) and Succor geological targets. The evaluation of this program was directed at producing a robust resource model for Lucerne as well as assessing a series of geological targets in the Silver City Branch of the Comstock Lode, including the Succor vein systems, the historic Woodville Bonanza system and the PQ target. The 1,000-foot plus Succor Vein Target has an average true width of 15 feet and an average dip of 65 degrees. The structure has reported historic mining grades of approximately 0.54 ounces of “recovered” gold per ton and is open to the east and at depth, along the entire structure. The nearby Woodville Bonanza structure includes the same supporting historical mappings with reported historic mining grades of 0.749 ounces of gold per ton. The Woodville has significant current drill data including 116 intercepts of at least 10 feet, grading over 0.22 ounces per ton gold and 1.59 ounces per ton silver. The Company encountered contiguous mineralized intercepts (10 to 40 feet) from underground drilling as it moved north of the Silver City and Succor structural intersection and within and bordering the PQ mass. Future drill programs were being developed, but ultimately, the Company decided to pursue partners willing and able to commit the additional mining expertise and capital resources required to develop a commercially viable Lucerne-based mine plan.
Accordingly, during the fourth quarter of 2017, the Company entered into an Option Agreement (the “Option Agreement”) with Tonogold Resources, Inc. (“Tonogold”) where Tonogold has the right to lead engineering, development, drilling and test-work, all towards completing a technical and economic feasibility assessment and ultimately, to earn into a joint venture for the future development and mining of mineral resources on the Lucerne Property.
After a six-month evaluation, Tonogold elected to proceed and the Company received the $2 million payment. Tonogold can now earn a 51% interest in the Lucerne Property, by advancing the Lucerne exploration and development activities by making cumulative capital expenditures on the Lucerne Property of $7 million by October 3, 2019, and $20 million by April 3, 2021, of which, approximately $413,000 has been made to date. The Company immediately used $1.5 million of the proceeds, as required, to pay down its debenture.
Tonogold was also granted the option to purchase 51% of certain equipment and property for a purchase price of $25 million, or, alternatively, Tonogold can enter into a toll processing agreement with the Company. If Tonogold elects the tolling alternative, Comstock would retain 100% ownership and Tonogold would rent the Company’s processing facility, paying the Company a usage fee of $1 million per annum plus $1 per ton processed. Tonogold also has a right of first refusal if the Company, in its sole discretion, elects, to sell certain other mining properties.
Tonogold has retained the independent mining advisory firm of Behre Dolbear to publish a National Instrument 43-101 (“NI-43-101”) compliant, “Property of Merit” technical report for the Lucerne Project during the third quarter of 2018, followed by an updated NI 43-101 compliant technical report updating the Lucerne resource and ultimately, also reporting on Lucerne feasibility.
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Dayton Resource Area
The Company plans to advance the Dayton Project to full feasibility, with a production ready mine plan within the next two years. The plan includes expanding the current resource at the Dayton resource area and continuing southerly into Spring Valley with incremental expansion programs that include exploration and definition drilling of targets identified by the prior conventional percussion, RC and diamond core drill programs and magnetic, IP and resistivity geophysical surveys (see Figure 2).
In-house Dayton engineering and mine planning have resulted in profiling various economic shells with multiple cutoff grade scenarios. Multiple layout plans for the mine and corresponding processing facilities have been conceptually developed and located on lands 100% privately held by the Company, thus simplifying and shortening the critical permitting chain. A definition drill plan is in place and is permitted. An expanded drill plan is currently being designed and detailed plans will be submitted to the regulatory agencies for permitting.
In addition to infrastructure and drill planning, we performed due diligence assisted by SRK Consulting in both Reno and Denver offices. The due diligence resulted in confirmation of the scoping level mine plans and agreement on the conceptual processing layout.
The volcanic host rocks and structural controls of the mineralization defined to date for the Dayton resource area are known to continue south into Spring Valley. Potentially economic gold mineralization has been intercepted in several widely spaced holes drilled during prior Spring Valley drilling programs. The technical staff has identified multiple drill targets within several specific locations that encompass the Dayton resource area and Spring Valley. The new targets are based on the Company's latest review of previous geophysical studies and current interpretation of the geology.
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Figure 2 - Dayton -Spring Valley Magnetic Geophysics
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Dayton - Spring Valley Group Targets
Spring Valley is located south of the Dayton resource area and south and east of State Route 341. Ground magnetic geophysical surveys identified a linear anomalous corridor, defined by a series of relative magnetic lows. Altered volcanic host rocks have been intercepted by limited drilling and identified several mineralized zones, the global Dayton resource foot print is outlined with reference to the technical report authored by Behre Dolbear in January 2013. The exploration of Spring Valley will include phased drilling programs that will continue southerly from SR341 to the historic Daney mine site (Figure 3), with a potential strike length of approximately 9,600 feet.
Figure 3 - Dayton and Spring Valley Group Targets
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The technical staff reviewed historic geologic and geophysical studies and prior drill programs that focused upon the Dayton resource area and extensions south into Spring Valley. The few drill holes that were completed in Spring Valley intercepted altered Miocene volcanic rock known to host the economic mineralization of the Dayton resource. Specific drill holes that encountered highly mineralized zones are highlighted on Figure 4. Collectively, several specific locations were selected and are targeted for future drilling. The Dayton resource area has open ended economic mineralization requiring additional drill holes to delineate the geometry for mine planning. South of the Dayton resource area the limited drilling coupled with the geophysical interpretation indicates the targeted exploration model extends an additional 8,000 feet (length of geophysical magnetic survey) into Spring Valley.
Several historic mines operated in the Dayton resource area, leaving access to multiple structures from underground. Some historic adits have remained open or have been uncovered by the Company. The geologic and engineering team completed underground mapping, sampling, and surveying in a number of historic mine workings on and near the Dayton resource area. Where accessible, the workings were inspected; geologically mapped and mineralized material sampled. Once sampling was completed, the workings were surveyed to document the size of the mine workings, the location of the openings and location of the samples. The samples were then assayed at the Company’s in house metallurgical laboratory for gold and silver.
This underground sampling program has provided a wealth of assay information and provided critical information for furthering the geologic understanding of the Dayton resource area. In some cases, structures identified on the surface were traced underground and in other cases, new structures were identified underground where surface expressions were absent or obscured.
Combining the underground study with the prior conventional percussion, RC and diamond core drill programs and magnetic, IP and resistivity geophysical surveys (Figure 4), new targets have been generated based on the Company's latest review of previous studies and current interpretation of the geology. The Dayton and Spring Valley southern expansion of exploration programs includes offset and definition drilling of these targets.
Ground magnetic geophysical surveys identified a linear anomalous corridor, defined by a series of relative magnetic lows. Altered volcanic host rocks have been intercepted by limited drilling and identified several mineralized zones. Selected drill hole intercepts are highlighted (see Figure 4). The mid-level magnetic lows define a zone (up to 500 feet wide) beginning at the Dayton resource and continuing southerly approximately 8,000 feet (length of geophysical magnetic survey) towards the Daney patent. The zone is further defined by the trace of interpreted north/south trending vein swarms depicted on Figure 6. In the Dayton resource area the increased density of the vein swarms with intersecting cross structures has been indicative to host the higher grades and larger volumes of economic mineralization. This scenario is part of the exploration model and has generated a multiple drill target environment.
The Spring Valley exploration program is designed to target areas that have similar magnetic signatures of known economic grade mineralization. The magnetic geophysical survey was further studied and a structural interpretation was developed that illustrated multiple cross cutting structures (colored green) that are oblique to the southerly projected north/south vein trend (colored red), refer to Figure 4. Though rare due to alluvial cover, the outcropping quartz veins and outcropping crosscutting structures had definitive diagnostic magnetic signatures. The interpretation of the structures and veins were derived by connecting these specific magnetic attributes as identified on each 25-meter spaced survey line. Similar structures have been identified in the Dayton resource area and were found to be important components for the development of economic grades of mineralization. Geologic mapping and sample analysis conducted on the surface and in accessible underground workings have identified the north/south and the crosscutting structures to carry gold and silver values with varying silver to gold ratios. Comparisons of selected sample geochemistry, the north/south veins commonly have a relatively higher silver to gold ratio.
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Figure 4 - Dayton and Spring Valley Magnetic Geophysics with Interpreted Veins and Structures
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Dayton Metallurgy
In-house (CMI), column leach tests were performed on mineralized material collected from three specific, readily accessible locations on Dayton Resource patented land: Glory Hole-Mid Grade (GH-MG), Glory Hole-High Grade (GH-HG) and Dayton Adit (DA). The material collected from each site represents gold and silver mineralization encountered in the Dayton resource model. Each bulk sample from the three sites was segregated, coarse crushed, blended and split into two composites.
Six, 6-foot-high and 8-inch-diameter columns were constructed. Two columns were loaded for each bulk sample and placed under leach, maintaining the same protocol for all columns. Two columns for each sample were selected as an inherent quality control check. Each column test consisted of 74 days elapsed time with a 14-day resting stage during days 45-59. The decision to terminate the tests after 60 cumulative leach days was predicated by the flattening of the recovery curve. The metal recovery had not stopped but daily incremental increases were below CMI’s analytical detection limits.
Each composite sample was processed to a nominal crush size of 80 percent passing ¾ inch and 70 kilograms was extracted for each column charge. The material was then screened to establish volumetric content at the following selected size fractions: ¾”, ½”, ¼”, 10 mesh, 28 mesh, and 65 mesh. Each size fraction was then assayed for gold and silver content and a screen composite head grade for each zone was calculated. Each 70-kilogram composite was agglomerated with Type II Portland cement at a rate equivalent to 16 pounds of cement per ton of column charge. Cyanide concentration was 1gram cyanide per liter of leach solution. This combination of reagent concentration, leach solution volume and cement addition provided a targeted reaction pH of 10.5.
The columns were leached for 44 days, then allowed to drain and “rest” for 14 days. Leaching resumed for 16 additional days for a cumulative 60 days of active leaching. After this leaching cycle was completed, each column was rinsed with 30 gallons of potable water. The rinse included three individual rinse cycles with 10 gallons of water per cycle. The rinsed material was again screened at the same size fractions. Each size fraction was assayed to determine the tail assay or the residual amount of gold and silver remaining in each size fraction after leach. Examining the recovery of metal by size fraction, coupled with the tail assays and the extracted metal content and provided a calculated head grade for each column sample site.
The following table and charts highlight the grade of each zone along with the cumulative recovery over the course of the 60-day leach.
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| Gold | Silver
Dayton Adit | Calculated Head grade- 0.041 oz/T | Calculated Head grade- 0.681 oz/T
Oxidized mineralized material collected from underground, composed of ferro-manganese clay supported breccias, quartz calcite stock work multi lithic fragments, including: rhyolite, quartz, porphyry and andesite | Tail Assay grade 0.005 oz/T % recovered 88% | Tail Assay grade 0.303 oz/T % recovered 56%
Glory Hole-High Grade | Calculated Head grade- 0.048 oz/T | Calculated Head grade- 0.603 oz/T
Surface exposure not previously sampled for metallurgical analysis. Micro quartz veining and quartz calcite stock work hosted in multi lithic fragment breccia. Ferro-manganese clay. | Tail Assay grade 0.010 oz/T % recovered 80% | Tail Assay grade 0.295 oz/T % recovered 51%
Glory Hole-Mid Grade | Calculated Head grade- 0.023 oz/T | Calculated Head grade- 0.429 oz/T
Location near high wall of historic open cut mining operation. Quartz calcite stock work hosted in propylitic andesite limonite, chlorite clay seams minor manganese clays | Tail Assay grade 0.004 oz/T % recovered 84% | Tail Assay grade 0.183 oz/T % recovered 58%

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Figure 5 - Dayton In-house Column Leach Results
These in-house column test results complement the results of testing on similar material done by McClelland Laboratories of Reno, Nevada in 2011. Those tests, with results included in the Company’s January 2013 Technical Report, included bottle roll tests and column tests for mineralized material from our Lucerne, Hartford, and Dayton properties. Two column tests for each bulk sample were completed, at crush sizes of 1” and ½”.
Two bulk samples were taken from surface exposures of alta andesite in the Dayton Pit area. DP-004 was selected as a medium grade sample, and DP-005 was selected as a high-grade sample. Each sample was crushed to 80% passing 1” and 80% passing ½” for the two columns, and agglomerated with type II Portland cement at the rate of 12 pounds per ton. The columns were under leach for 154 days. At the end of the test, the curves had flattened, but recovery was still increasing.

|  | Calculated Head | Days Under |  | Percent Recover
Sample ID | Crush | Au |  | Ag |  | Leach |  | Au |  | Ag |
DP-004 (MG) | 1" | 0.0529 |  | 0.806 |  | 10 |  | 82.0 | % | 18.9 | %
|  |  |  | 154 |  | 93.8 | % | 46.5 | %
DP-004 (MG) | 1/2" | 0.0521 |  | 0.781 |  | 10 |  | 82.5 | % | 22.2 | %
|  |  |  | 154 |  | 94.1 | % | 51.7 | %
DP-005 (HG) | 1" | 0.1346 |  | 0.810 |  | 10 |  | 58.8 | % | 17.9 | %
|  |  |  | 154 |  | 75.3 | % | 41.7 | %
DP-005 (HG) | 1/2" | 0.1228 |  | 0.698 |  | 10 |  | 68.2 | % | 24.5 | %
|  |  |  | 154 |  | 83.6 | % | 49.7 | %

Leach results from McClelland Laboratories, August 2011
This table highlights the results from the two samples. The recoveries at 10 days are shown, along with the cumulative recovery at the end of the test. This highlights the steepness of the recovery curve, recovering a significant percentage of the metal in the first 10 days. The gold recovery curves shown above from the in-house testing are similarly steep.
The Company has retained the independent mining advisory firm of Behre Dolbear to publish a National Instrument 43-101 (“NI-43-101”) compliant, “Resource” technical report for the Dayton Resource area, followed by a Preliminary Economic
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Assessment (“PEA”) during the fourth quarter of 2018. This report is expected to expand the known resource and establish preliminary economic feasibility for the project.
Pelen-Sutro Tunnel Company Acquisition
In January 2018, the Company issued 1,475,410 shares of restricted common stock to acquire 25% of the total membership interests of Pelen, LLC for $0.6 million. Pelen LLC, is the 100% owner of the historic Sutro Tunnel Company that owns the Town of Sutro, the historic 6-mile Sutro Tunnel, the federal land grants and mining rights spanning 1,000 feet on each side of the 6-mile span, the rights to the tunnel’s water and the patented mining claims and private lands on Gold Hill.
The purchase of the membership interests will close once the seller of the membership interests has received total cash proceeds of at least $585,000 either through sale of the restricted common stock received or through additional cash payments made by the Company. If all of the shares of restricted common stock have been sold and the aggregate proceeds are less than $585,000, then the Company is required to pay the shortfall in stock or cash, at the Company’s election. As of June 30, 2018, the purchase has not closed. The Company recorded a make-whole liability of $0.2 million, representing the value shortfall at June 30, 2018.
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Operating Costs
During the year ended December 31, 2017, and fully continuing through the first half of 2018, the Company focused on reducing operating costs, including mining, real estate, exploration and mine development, mine claims, environmental and reclamation and general and administrative costs. Operating costs and expenses have declined by over $1.2 million when comparing the six-month period ended June 30, 2017, to the six-month period ended June 30, 2018, and the Company expects total year over year savings of approximately $2.0 million when comparing the full year of 2018 to 2017. These savings are in addition to the over $6 million in savings when having compared the full year 2017 to 2016. The Company has aggressively implemented organizational changes consistent with the transition from mining the Lucerne surface mine to growing our resource portfolio and related exploration and development activities toward production-ready mining projects.
The Company has reduced operation costs in almost all categories and already is achieving the run rate of those costs for the remainder of the year to be $1.7 million, or less than $280,000 per month (excluding depreciation, amortization, and depletion expense).
Operating expenses for the full year 2018, are anticipated to be $3.6 million, excluding $3.2 million in depreciation and $1.4 million of interest expense.
Outlook
We are positioned and focused on real asset and equity value appreciation for 2018, while concurrently eliminating our debt and growing quality gold and silver resources and reserves throughout this year. Our longer-term goal is to deliver up to $500 million of accretive share value by 2020, by acquiring, joint venturing, exploring and developing resources and reserves capable of sustaining production of more than 100,000 gold-equivalent ounces per annum.
Our streamlining in 2017 lowered operating costs in all categories by well over $6 million as compared to 2016, exceeding our targets while still growing our land positions, expanding our entitlements and permitted infrastructure, and maintaining our internal engineering, geological, metallurgical, land and financial competencies. These 2017 actions already have realized an additional $1.2 million in annual savings expected to total $2.0 million in annual savings for 2018, as compared to 2017. We are lean and well positioned to grow our resources, our assets and our equity value during 2018.
The Lucerne mine has all the required state and local permits to resume mining, and additional engineering and resource development of this northeast trending structure commenced during the fall of 2017 with Tonogold. Tonogold has elected to continue into the next phase of the Option Agreement, with their payment of $2.0 million in April, 2018. We very much look forward to Tonogold progressing and publishing updated technical reports on the Lucerne project, with economic feasibility and a plan for returning the mine to production.
We plan to advance the Dayton Project by updating the resource and providing preliminary economic feasibility and technical reporting in the fourth quarter of 2018. The plan also includes expanding the current resource at the Dayton and continuing southerly into Spring Valley with incremental expansion programs that include exploration and definition drilling of targets identified by geophysical surveys.
Recent Opportunity Zones, under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, identified in Lyon County and Storey County, Nevada may provide tax incentives for entities seeking to reduce potential tax liabilities and/or defer or eliminate future capital gains. These Opportunity Zones include a large portion of the Company’s mining land and equipment, as well as portions of its land held for sale. We will continue to explore possible benefits to the Company. The Company’s 98 acre Certified Industrial Site adjacent to the Silver Springs Airport is within the Opportunity Zone and increases the sales potential coupled with the continued development occurring at the Tahoe Reno Industrial Center (the largest industrial park in the world). Daney Ranch, near the US Highway 50 is positioned within the corridor between Reno, Carson City and the Industrial center. This area continues to be highly desirable as housing, commercial and retail continues to develop. We plan on monetizing these non-mining assets in 2018, eliminate debt and further strengthen our balance sheet.
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Equity Raises
For the six-months ended June 30, 2018, the Company issued 6,429,299 shares of common stock through the Company’s at-the-market equity offering program and its equity purchase agreement. Gross proceeds from the issuance of shares totaled approximately $1.8 million at an average price per share of $0.28.
Through July 25, 2018, we issued 1,530,000 shares for proceeds of approximately $0.4 million.
Comparative Financial Information
The Company had two operating segments as of June 30, 2018: mining and real estate.
The comparative financial information is reflected in the following table:
Three Months Ended:

| June 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | Change
Revenue - mining | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Revenue - real estate | 28,815 |  |  | 27,370 |  |  | 1,445 |
Costs applicable to mining revenue | 728,559 |  |  | 914,341 |  |  | (185,782 | )
Real estate operating costs | 9,880 |  |  | 22,813 |  |  | (12,933 | )
Exploration and mine development | 248,648 |  |  | 271,137 |  |  | (22,489 | )
Mine claims and costs | 91,025 |  |  | 244,458 |  |  | (153,433 | )
Environmental and reclamation | 62,186 |  |  | 169,264 |  |  | (107,078 | )
General and administrative | 827,542 |  |  | 957,034 |  |  | (129,492 | )
Loss from operations | (1,939,025 | ) |  | (2,551,677 | ) |  | 612,652 |
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (330,887 | ) |  | (398,854 | ) |  | 67,967 |
Other income (expense) | (145,420 | ) |  | 17,809 |  |  | (163,229 | )
NET LOSS | $ | (2,415,332 | ) |  | $ | (2,932,722 | ) |  | $ | 517,390 |

The Company ceased processing material from its leach pad in December 2016, resulting in no mining revenues in the three months ended June 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
Cost applicable to mining revenue decreased by approximately $0.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to reduced depreciation expenses.
Real estate operating costs decreased by $0.01 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to reduction in maintenance costs.
Exploration and mine development costs decreased by approximately $0.02 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to a decrease in depreciation expense.
Mine claims and costs decreased by approximately $0.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to reimbursements paid by Tonogold per the Option Agreement.
Environmental and reclamation costs decreased by $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to reimbursements paid by Tonogold per the Option Agreement.
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General and administrative costs decreased by $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period June 30, 2017, with decreases in outside services more than offsetting an increase in internal payroll costs and certain land development costs.
Interest expense decreased by $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period June 30, 2017 primarily due to debenture and notes payable reductions.
Other expenses increased by $0.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period June 30, 2017, primarily due to accelerated Make Whole payments on the Debenture.
Net loss was $2.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to a net loss of $2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The $0.5 million decrease was primarily related to a decrease in depreciation expense and reimbursements paid by Tonogold per the Option Agreement.
Six Months Ended:

| June 30, 2018 |  | June 30, 2017 |  | Change
Revenue - mining | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Revenue - real estate | 51,665 |  |  | 46,664 |  |  | 5,001 |
Costs applicable to mining revenue | 1,457,463 |  |  | 1,816,745 |  |  | (359,282 | )
Real estate operating costs | 16,971 |  |  | 39,946 |  |  | (22,975 | )
Exploration and mine development | 458,186 |  |  | 542,104 |  |  | (83,918 | )
Mine claims and costs | 271,256 |  |  | 508,993 |  |  | (237,737 | )
Environmental and reclamation | 120,254 |  |  | 517,315 |  |  | (397,061 | )
General and administrative | 1,554,163 |  |  | 1,617,897 |  |  | (63,734 | )
Loss from operations | (3,826,628 | ) |  | (4,996,336 | ) |  | 1,169,708 |
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (714,227 | ) |  | (854,936 | ) |  | 140,709 |
Other income (expense) | (359,381 | ) |  | 144,369 |  |  | (503,750 | )
NET LOSS | $ | (4,900,236 | ) |  | $ | (5,706,903 | ) |  | $ | 806,667 |

The Company ceased processing material from its leach pad in December 2016, resulting in no mining revenues in the six months ended June 30, 2018, and 2017, respectively.
Cost applicable to mining revenue decrease by approximately $0.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to reduced depreciation expenses.
Exploration and mine development costs decreased by approximately $0.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to a decrease in depreciation expense.
Mine claims and costs decreased by approximately $0.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to reimbursements paid by Tonogold per the Option Agreement.
Environmental and reclamation costs decreased by $0.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to reimbursements paid by Tonogold per the Option Agreement and a reduction in asset retirement obligation costs.
Interest expense decreased by $0.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to debenture and notes payable reductions.
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Other expenses increased by $0.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to the same period June 30, 2017, primarily due to accelerated Make Whole payments on the Debenture.
Net loss was $4.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to a net loss of $5.7 million for the same period ended June 30, 2017. The $0.8 million decrease was primarily related to decreases in depreciation expense and, to a lesser extent, reimbursements of costs paid by Tonogold per the Option Agreement.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Total current assets are $7.5 million at June 30, 2018, including cash and cash equivalents on hand of $1.5 million. The Company’s current capital resources include these cash and cash equivalents and other working capital resources, certain planned, non-mining asset sales with expected net proceeds of over $14 million and other existing financing arrangements.
Net cash used in operating activities was $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, as compared to net cash used in operating activities of $3.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in cash used in operating activities was related to cost savings realized by the Company in non-mining costs and savings in mining costs due to reimbursements from the Tonogold Option Agreement.
Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018, was $0.2 million, as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to deposits made in 2018 relating to the purchase of DTSS.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2018, was $1.8 million, including $2 million received from Tonogold for the Option Agreement payment, of which $1.4 million was used to pay down the Debenture, and $1.7 million from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017, was $4.6 million, including $2.9 million from the issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs, and $9.4 million from long-term debt obligations, offset by the pay-down of long-term debt obligations of approximately $7.7 million.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern.
The Company commenced production with the Lucerne Mine in 2012, which ramped up to approximately 20,000 gold-equivalent-ounces of annual production. The Company completed leaching from its existing leach pads in December 2016, and is currently planning the exploration and development of its next two mines, first with its second surface mine in the Dayton Resource area and then further developing, in collaboration through an option agreement with Tonogold, the second phase of development and ultimately, resuming production from the Lucerne Mine.
The Company’s current capital resources include cash and cash equivalents and other net working capital resources, along with a loan commitment agreement with $7.0 million in unused capacity after consideration of fees due at the time of borrowing. The Company has an existing equity purchase agreement (the "Purchase Agreement") with Leviston Resources, LLC ("Leviston") with unused capacity of $2.6 million. These capital resources are in addition to certain planned non-mining asset sales.
The Company has recurring net losses from operations and an accumulated deficit of $227.5 million at June 30, 2018. For the six-month period ended June 30, 2018, the Company incurred a net loss of $4.9 million and used $2.2 million of cash in operations. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $1.5 million, current assets of $7.5 million and current liabilities of $1.6 million, resulting in positive net current working capital of $5.9 million.
While the Company has been successful in the past in obtaining the necessary capital to support its operations, including registered equity financings from its existing shelf registration statement, borrowings, or other means, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain additional equity capital or other financing, if needed. However, the Company believes it will have sufficient funds to sustain its operations during the next 12 months from the date the financial statements were issued as a result of the funding sources detailed above.
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Future operating expenditures above management’s expectations, including exploration and mine development expenditures in excess of amounts to be raised from the issuance of equity under the Purchase Agreement, declines in the market value of properties held for sale, or declines in the share price of the Company's common stock would adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. If the Company was unable to obtain any necessary additional funds, this could have an immediate material adverse effect on liquidity and could raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In such case, the Company could be required to limit or discontinue certain business plans, activities or operations, reduce or delay certain capital expenditures or sell certain assets or businesses. There can be no assurance that the Company would be able to take any such actions on favorable terms, in a timely manner or at all.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
There have not been any material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no material changes in the market risks discussed in Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
A. Disclosure
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, management performed, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Exchange Act and the SEC’s rules, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Design and Evaluation of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2018. In making this assessment, management used the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in the “Internal Control-Integrated Framework” (2013) set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the assessment, management concluded that, as of June 30, 2018, our internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.
B. Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No change in our internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13(a)-15, occurred during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2018, that materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
The Company’s mining and exploration activities are subject to various laws and regulations governing the protection of the environment. These laws and regulations are continually changing and are generally becoming more restrictive. The Company believes its operations are in compliance with applicable laws and regulations in all material respects. The Company has made, and expects to make in the future, expenditures to comply with such laws and regulations, but cannot predict the full amount of such future expenditures.
On January 31, 2014, the Comstock Residents Association (the “CRA”) and two of its members filed a civil action in the Third Judicial District Court of the State of Nevada in and for Lyon County (the “District Court”) against the Lyon County Board of Commissioners (the “Commissioners”) and the Company, asking the District Court to reverse the Commissioners’ decision to grant an application for master plan amendment and zone change submitted and approved by the Commissioners on January 2, 2014 (the “Application”).
Prior to the approval of the Application, the master plan designation and zoning precluded mining on certain property of the Company in the area of Silver City, Lyon County. In April 2015, the District Court ruled in favor the Company and the Commissioners. The written Order Denying Petition for Judicial Review was filed and mailed to all parties on June 15, 2015. On July 14, 2015, the CRA and one individual (together “Appellants”) filed a Notice of Appeal of the Court Order, appealing the decision to the Nevada Supreme Court. On December 9, 2015, Appellants filed their Opening Brief in the Nevada Supreme Court, generally repeating the arguments that were made at the District Court. On January 15, 2016, the Company and the Commissioners jointly filed an Answering Brief. Briefing in the Nevada Supreme Court was completed with the Appellants’ filing of a Reply Brief on March 3, 2016. An oral argument before a three-judge panel of the Nevada Supreme Court took place on September 14, 2016.
On December 2, 2016, the Nevada Supreme Court entered an order affirming all three of the District Court’s decisions associated with 1) the Commissioners’ discretion and authority for changing master plans and zoning, 2) their compliance with Nevada’s Open Meeting Law and 3) their compliance with Nevada statutory provisions. Specifically, the Supreme Court affirmed the District Court’s conclusions that Lyon County did not abuse its discretion and that it acted with substantial evidence in support of their decision, that the County did not violate Nevada’s Open Meeting Law and that the County did not violate statutory provisions regarding master plans.
The Supreme Court did reverse the District Court’s dismissal of CRA’s claim of a due process violation, concluding that this claim should not have been dismissed and that further proceedings are necessary in the District Court on this single claim. The Company and the Commissioners filed a motion for summary judgment with the District Court based on the evidence in the record and the District Court held a hearing on December 11, 2017. The District Court concluded that the Supreme Court's reversal of CRA's due process claim required that CRA be afforded the opportunity to conduct discovery. Therefore, the District Court has allowed a limited time for CRA to conduct discovery on its due process claim, The Company responded to the CRA discovery request on February 20, 2018 and the District Court held a hearing on April 23, 2018. Additional discovery was allowed by the District Court, which was subsequently extended and including response periods by both parties, anticipated to be complete by late August 2018, followed by a final ruling from the Court. The Company and the Lyon County District Attorney look forward to positive resolution of CRA's lone remaining claim.
From time to time, we are involved in lawsuits, claims, investigations and proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. There are no other matters pending that we expect to have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have not been any material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
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None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.
Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and Item 104 of Regulation S-K, we are required to disclose items believed to be violations of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, any health and safety standard, or any regulation, as administered by the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration. The required information is included in Exhibit 95 to this report.
Item 5. Other Information.
None
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Item 6. Exhibits.
The exhibits required to be filed as a part of this Report on Form 10-Q are listed in the Exhibit Index attached hereto, which is incorporated herein by reference.
(1) Financial statements filed as part of this Report:

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (Unaudited) | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited) | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six month periods ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (Unaudited) | 6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 7

(2) Exhibits filed as part of this Report:
See Exhibits for which the Exhibit number is noted with an asterisk on the Exhibit Index attached hereto.

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit
31* |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a), promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32* |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
95* |  | Mine Safety Disclosures.
101* |  | Interactive Data File (Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017, furnished in XBRL (extensible Business Reporting Language)).
|  | Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL: (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and (iv) the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text. Users of this data are advised pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T that this interactive data file is deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

* Filed herewith.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | COMSTOCK MINING, INC.
|  | (Registrant)
Date: | July 31, 2018 | By: | /s/ Corrado De Gasperis
|  |  | Name: Corrado De Gasperis
|  |  | Title: President, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Chairman (Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

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