2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents and they are stated at cost, which approximates fair value.

Trade Accounts Receivable and Concentration of Credit Risk

Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from outstanding balances. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally requires no collateral to secure accounts receivable.


	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Trade accounts receivable	$	44,305	$	39,004
Unbilled accounts receivable		10,576		4,223
		54,881		43,227
Less allowance for doubtful accounts		(289)		(395)
	$	54,592	$	42,832

The Company maintains an allowance for potentially uncollectible accounts receivable based upon its assessment of the collectability of accounts receivable. Accounts are written off against the allowance when it is determined collection will not occur. The allowance for bad debt activity for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is summarized as follows:


Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	211
Bad debt expense		228
Write-off of uncollectible accounts		(37)
Currency translation adjustments		(7)
Balance as of December 31, 2019	$	395
Bad debt expense (benefit)		(89)
Write-off of uncollectible accounts		(2)
Currency translation adjustments		(15)
Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	289

During 2020, the Company recorded a bad debt benefit due to the reduction of allowances for potentially uncollectible accounts receivable from the prior year. The increase in bad debt expense during 2019 primarily relates to reserves established for outstanding receivables from the Company’s Canadian operations that were disposed on April 1, 2019.

For the year ended December 31, 2020 the Company had two customers that represented more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated net sales. Net sales for these customers were approximately 15% and 14% of the Company’s consolidated net sales. For the year ended December 31, 2019 one customer represented 18% of the Company’s consolidated net sales.

Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials, and finished goods and are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value (determined on the first-in, first-out, specific identification or weighted-average method basis). Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Finished goods inventory represents primarily stock cards and Card@Once printers. The stock cards are not manufactured for a specific customer, but are ready to be personalized and sold as customer orders are received. The Company monitors inventory for events or circumstances that may indicate the net realizable value is less than the carrying value of inventory, such as negative margins, expiration of material usage, and other forms of obsolescence, and records adjustments to the valuation of inventory, as necessary.

Plant, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements

Plant, equipment and leasehold improvements are recorded at cost. Accumulated depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the lesser of the estimated useful life of the related assets (generally 3 to 10 years for machinery and equipment, furniture, computer equipment, and leasehold improvements) or, when applicable, the lease term. Maintenance and repairs that do not extend the useful life of the respective assets are charged to expense as incurred.

Long-lived assets with finite lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of the asset or the carrying amounts of the asset group containing the asset may not be recoverable. In such reviews, estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with these assets or asset groups are compared with their carrying value to determine if a write-down to fair value is required.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment at least annually on October 1 or more frequently when an event occurs or circumstances change that indicates the carrying value may not be recoverable. For impairment evaluations, the Company may first make a qualitative assessment with respect to goodwill, if appropriate. In accordance with accounting standards, the Company performs its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, and recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value.

All of the Company’s goodwill is included in the Debit and Credit segment. The Company generally bases its measurement of the fair value of a reporting unit on a blended analysis of the present value of future discounted cash flows and the market valuation approach. The discounted cash flows model indicates the fair value of the reporting unit based on the present value of the cash flows that the Company expects the reporting unit to generate in the future. The Company's significant estimates in the discounted cash flows model include: its weighted average cost of capital; discrete and long-term rate of growth and profitability of the reporting unit's business; and working capital effects. The market valuation approach indicates the fair value of the business based on a comparison of the reporting unit to publicly traded companies in similar lines of business. Significant estimates in the market valuation approach model include identifying similar companies with comparable business factors such as size, growth, profitability, risk and return on investment, and assessing comparable revenue and operating income multiples in estimating the fair value of the reporting unit.

Acquired finite-lived intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, and are reviewed for impairment whenever events indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. In such reviews, estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with these assets are compared with their carrying value to determine if a write-down to fair value is required.

Sales Tax

The Company records sales tax collected from its customers on a net basis, and therefore excludes it from net sales as defined in ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Cash collected from customers is recorded in accrued expenses on the Company’s consolidated Balance Sheet and then remitted to the proper taxing authority. In addition, refer to Note 15 “Commitments and Contingencies” for discussion regarding an estimated sales tax liability the Company recorded in relation to historical activity in certain states.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed annually for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income.

The Company has deferred tax assets and liabilities and maintains valuation allowances where it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. To the extent the Company determines that it will not realize the benefit of some or all of its deferred tax assets, then these deferred tax assets will be adjusted through the Company’s income tax expense in the period in which this determination is made.

The Company establishes reserves for tax-related uncertainties based on estimates of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. The reserves are established when the Company believes that certain positions are likely to be challenged and may not be fully sustained on review by tax authorities. The Company adjusts uncertain tax position in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the closing of a tax audit or refinement of an estimate. The Company recognizes the tax benefits from uncertain tax positions only when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits of the position, that the tax position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of any related appeals or litigation. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation pursuant to ASC 718, Share-Based Payments. All stock-based compensation to employees is required to be measured at fair value and expensed over the requisite service period. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur and reverses previously recognized expense for the unvested portion of the forfeited shares. The Company recognizes compensation expense on awards on a straight-line basis over the vesting period for each tranche of an award. Refer to Note 17 “Stock Based Compensation” for additional discussion regarding details of the Company's stock-based compensation plans.

Net Sales

Products Net Sales

“Products” net sales are recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with a customer are satisfied. In most instances, this occurs over time as cards are manufactured for specific customers, have no alternative use and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for work performed. For work performed but not completed and unbilled, the Company estimates revenue by taking actual costs incurred and applying historical margins for similar types of contracts. Items included in “Products” net sales are the design and production of Financial Payment Cards, including contact-EMV, Dual-Interface EMV, Second Wave, metal, contactless and magnetic stripe cards, and private label credit cards and retail gift cards. Card@Once® printers and consumables are also included in “Products” net sales, and their associated revenues are recognized at the time of shipping. The Company includes gross shipping and handling revenue in net sales, and shipping and handling costs in cost of sales.

Services Net Sales

Net sales are recognized for “Services” as the services are performed. Items included in “Services” net sales include the personalization and fulfillment of Financial Payment Cards, providing tamper-evident secure packaging and fulfillment services to Prepaid Debit Card program managers, and software as a service personalization of instant issuance debit cards. The Company also generates “Service” revenue usage-fees from the Company’s patented card design software, known as MYCA, which provides customers and cardholders the ability to design cards on the internet and customize cards with individualized digital images. “Services” revenue was also generated from personalizing retail gift cards historically in Canada prior to disposition. As applicable, for work performed but not completed and unbilled, the Company estimates revenue by taking actual costs incurred and applying historical margins for similar types of contracts.

Customer Contracts

The Company often enters into MSAs with its customers. Generally, enforceable rights and obligations for goods and services occur only when a customer places a purchase order or statement of work to obtain goods or services under an MSA. The contract term as defined by ASC 606 is the length of time it takes to deliver the goods or services promised under the purchase order or statement of work. As such, the Company's contracts are generally considered short term in nature.

Use of Estimates

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). These accounting principles require management to make assumptions and estimates relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities in its preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of property and equipment, goodwill and intangible assets, leases, liability for sales tax, valuation allowances for inventories and deferred taxes, revenue recognized for work performed but not completed, and uncertain tax positions. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Foreign Currency Translation

Financial statements of foreign subsidiaries that use local currencies as their functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at each balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and the weighted-average exchange rate for each reporting period for net sales, expenses, gains and losses. Translation adjustments are recorded as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Subsequent to the sale of the Company’s UK Limited and Canada subsidiary, the Company has no significant foreign subsidiaries.

Foreign currency transaction gains and losses resulting from the process of re-measurement are recorded in “Foreign currency loss” in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 there were ($7) and ($1,335) of such foreign currency losses, respectively. The foreign currency loss for the year ended December 31, 2019, includes the release of the cumulative translation adjustment of $1,329 from “Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss” on the Balance Sheet in connection with the sale of the Company’s Canada subsidiary.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASC 842, Leases, which provides guidance for accounting for leases. The guidance required companies to recognize the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leased assets. The Company adopted the guidance on January 1, 2019 and used the adoption date as the date of initial application as allowed under ASC 842. ROU represents the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The lease term includes options to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. A lease is deemed to exist when the Company has the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment, as conveyed through a contract, for a certain period of time and consideration paid. The right to control is deemed to occur when the Company has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits of the identified assets and the right to direct the use of such assets. Lease expense for operating leases recorded in the balance sheet is included in operating costs and expenses and is based on the future minimum lease payments recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease plus any variable lease costs. The Company recorded lease liabilities and right-to-use assets as the present value of future minimum lease payments using a discount rate that is either implicit in the lease or our incremental borrowing rate. If not implicit in the lease, the Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate by using market data from similar companies, having publicly traded debt instruments and similar credit ratings. The estimated incremental borrowing rate utilizes judgements, including selection of comparable companies, credit risk, sensitivity analysis and certain other valuation estimates. The Company also uses judgement in determining whether a contract contains a lease.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU changes the model for the recognition of credit losses from an incurred loss model, which recognized credit losses only if it was probable that a loss had been incurred, to an expected loss model, which requires the Company to estimate the total credit losses expected on the portfolio of financial instruments. The effective date of ASU 2016-13 was amended by ASU 2019-10, Credit Losses Effective Dates. Since CPI is a smaller reporting company, adoption of this accounting standard is effective for the Company for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods therein, with early adoption permitted. The Company has elected not to early adopt this accounting standard in 2020. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard, and does not anticipate the application of ASU 2016-13 will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Adjustment of Prior Period Financial Statements for Immaterial Items

In accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin 99, Materiality, codified in ASC 250, Presentation of Financial Statements, the Company corrected two immaterial items relating to estimated sales tax expense and depreciation expense for all prior periods presented by revising the consolidated financial statements and other financial information included herein. The total impact on prior years for estimated sales tax expense was $1,907 and depreciation expense was $476. These adjustments represent the expenses pertaining to the period of 2017 to 2019, including an increase to estimated sales tax expense recorded in “Selling, General and Administrative expenses” (“SG&A”) of $584, and depreciation expense in “Cost of sales” of $249, for the year ended December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded estimated sales tax expense in SG&A of $926. Refer to Note 15, “Commitments and Contingencies” for additional discussion of the estimated sales tax liability recorded in “Accrued expenses” on the consolidated balance sheet.