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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 9 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |  |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The significant accounting policies followed in the preparation of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements are identical to those applied in the preparation of the latest annual audited financial statements. Fair value of financial instruments The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, other receivables and other accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. A fair value hierarchy is used to rank the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices in the markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The following tables summarizes the Company’s financial assets subject to fair value measurement and the level of inputs used in such measurements as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022: SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
|  | As of September 30, 2023 |
|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasury securities |  | $ | 6,220 |  |  | $ | 6,220 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Money market mutual funds |  |  | 598 |  |  |  | 598 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 6,818 |  |  | $ | 6,818 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
|  | As of December 31, 2022 |
|  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Cash equivalents: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasury securities |  | $ | 1,247 |  |  | $ | 1,247 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Marketable securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. treasury securities |  | $ | 3,761 |  |  | $ | 3,761 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
Money market mutual funds |  |  | 1,999 |  |  |  | 1,999 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
|  | $ | 5,760 |  |  | $ | 5,760 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |
The Company’s financial assets are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s securities and money market funds are classified as Level 1. Other than that, the Company doesn’t have any other financial assets or financial liabilities marked to market at fair value as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Contingencies Management records and discloses legal contingencies in accordance with ASC Topic 450, Contingencies. Accordingly, management of the Company will recognize a liability for a legal contingency when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company monitors the stage of progress of its litigation matters in each reporting period in order to determine if any adjustments are required. Recently issued accounting pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations upon adoption. | NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the financial statements are as follows:
| A. | Basis of presentation:
The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).
| B. | Financial statement in U.S. dollars:
The functional currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar (“dollar”) since the dollar is the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company has operated and expects to continue to operate in the foreseeable future. Transactions and balances denominated in dollars are presented at their original amounts. Transactions and balances denominated in foreign currencies have been re-measured to dollars in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 830-10, “Foreign Currency Translation”. All transaction gains and losses from re-measurement of monetary balance sheet items denominated in non-dollar currencies are reflected in the statement of operations as financial income or expenses, as appropriate.
| C. | Principles of consolidation:
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary. Inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
| D. | Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and demand deposits in banks, and other short-term liquid investments (primarily interest-bearing time deposits) with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase.
| E. | Restricted cash:
Restricted cash as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 included an $77 and $87, respectively, collateral account for the Company’s leases agreements and credit line from the bank. MICROBOT MEDICAL INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS U.S. dollars in thousands (Except share and per share data)
| F. | Fair value of financial instruments:
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, other receivable and other accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. The Company measures the fair value of certain of its financial instruments (such as marketable securities) on a recurring basis. The method of determining the fair value of marketable securities is discussed in Note 4. A fair value hierarchy is used to rank the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value will be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories: Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities, unadjusted quoted prices in the markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
| G. | Concentrations of credit risk
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. The Company holds these investments in highly rated financial institutions. These amounts at times may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any credit losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on these funds. The Company has no off-balance sheet concentrations of credit risk, such as foreign currency exchange contracts, option contracts, or other hedging arrangements.
| H. | Property and equipment:
Property and equipment are presented at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated based on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, at the following annual rates: ESTIMATED USEFUL LIVES OF PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
|  | % |
Research equipment and software |  |  | 25-33 |
Furniture and office equipment |  |  | 7 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | Over the lease period |
| I. | Liabilities due to termination of employment agreements:
Under Israeli employment laws, employees of Microbot Israel are included under Article 14 of the Severance Compensation Act, 1963 (“Article 14”). According to Article 14, these employees are entitled to monthly deposits made by Microbot Israel on their behalf with insurance companies. Payments in accordance with Article 14 release Microbot Israel from any future severance payments (under the Israeli Severance Compensation Act, 1963) with respect of those employees. The aforementioned deposits are not recorded as an asset in the Company’s balance sheets. MICROBOT MEDICAL INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS U.S. dollars in thousands (Except share and per share data)
| J. | Basic and diluted net loss per share:
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss attributable to common stock shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the year without consideration of potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is calculated by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period using the treasury share method. All outstanding stock options and warrants have been excluded from the calculation of the diluted loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, since all such securities have an anti-dilutive effect.
| K. | Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses are charged to the statement of comprehensive loss as incurred. Grants for funding of approved research and development projects are recognized at the time the Company is entitled to such grants, on the basis of the costs incurred and applied as a deduction from the research and development expenses.
| L. | Share-based compensation:
The Company applies ASC 718-10, “Share-Based Payment” (“ASC 718-10”), which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expenses for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including stock options under the Company’s stock plans based on estimated fair values. ASC 718-10 requires companies to estimate the fair value of stock options using an option-pricing model, which is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s statement of comprehensive loss, based on a straight-line method. The Company recognizes compensation cost for an equity classified award with only service conditions that has a graded vesting schedule on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award, provided that the cumulative amount of compensation cost recognized at any date at least equals the portion of the grant date fair value of such award that is vested at that date. The Company accounts for shares and warrant grants issued to non-employees using the guidance of ASU No. 2018-07 “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” which expand the scope of Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted as share-based payment awards using a Black-Scholes options pricing model. The option-pricing model requires a number of assumptions, of which the most significant are expected volatility and the expected option term (the time from the grant date until the options are exercised or expire). Expected volatility is estimated based on volatility of similar companies in the technology sector for equity awards granted prior to the Merger and on the Company’s trading share price for equity awards granted subsequent to the Merger. The Company has historically not paid dividends and has no foreseeable plans to issue dividends. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield from governmental zero-coupon bonds with an equivalent term. The expected stock option term is calculated for stock options granted to employees and directors using the “simplified” method. Grants to non-employees are based on the contractual term. Changes in the determination of each of the inputs can affect the fair value of the stock options granted and the results of operations of the Company. MICROBOT MEDICAL INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS U.S. dollars in thousands (Except share and per share data)
| M. | Income Taxes:
The Company provides for income taxes using the asset and liability approach. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities and the tax rates in effect when these differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the Company had a full valuation allowance against deferred tax assets.
| N. | Marketable securities:
The Company invests in various debt securities and an equity security. Debt securities consist of U.S. treasury securities. Equity security consist of a mutual fund. The Company records these investments in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. For all of the Company’s debt securities, the Company elected the fair value option and thus all unrealized gains or losses for these securities are included in financing income, net. Unrealized gains or losses for the equity security are included in financing income, net. The Company classifies its investments as current based on the nature of the investments and their availability for use in current operations.
| O. | Leases
The Company implements ASU 2016-02, Leases (“Topic 842”). This ASU requires entities that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by leases with lease terms of more than 12 months. Arrangements that are determined to be leases at inception are recognized as long-term right-of-use assets (“ROU”) and lease liabilities in the balance sheet at lease commencement. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future fixed lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company applies its incremental borrowing rate based on the economic environment at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating leases or payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating lease assets are presented as operating lease ROU assets, and corresponding as lease liabilities (current portion), and as operating long-term lease liabilities, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the remaining lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. The Company’s leases do not provide an implicit interest rate. The Company calculates the incremental borrowing rate to reflect the interest rate that it would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment over a similar term and considers the Company’s historical borrowing activities and market data in this determination. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which it accounts for as a single lease component. The Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a term of 12 months or less. The effect of short-term leases on the Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities was not material. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. In addition, the Company does not have any related party leases and its sublease transactions are de minimis. MICROBOT MEDICAL INC. NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS U.S. dollars in thousands (Except share and per share data)
| P. | Contingencies
Management records and discloses legal contingencies in accordance with ASC Topic 450 Contingencies. A provision is recorded when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company monitors the stage of progress of its litigation matters to determine if any adjustments are required. Q. Government grants Government grants which are received from the IIA by way of participation in research and development that is conducted by the Company, are received in installments as the program progresses based on qualified research spending. Grants received are recognized when the grant becomes receivable, provided there was reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attached to the grant and there was reasonable assurance the grant will be received.
| R. | Recently issued accounting pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by FASB, or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations upon adoption. In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832), Disclosures by Business Entities About Government Assistance, which requires entities to provide disclosures on material government assistance transactions for annual reporting periods. The disclosures include information around the nature of the assistance, the related accounting policies used to account for government assistance, the effect of government assistance on the entity’s financial statements, and any significant terms and conditions of the agreements, including commitments and contingencies. The new standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2022 and only impacts annual financial statement footnote disclosures. Refer to Note 2Q above.

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