10-Q 1 ubfo-20150930xq3.htm 10-Q
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2015

o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO .

Commission file number: 000-32897
UNITED SECURITY BANCSHARES
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

CALIFORNIA |  | 91-2112732
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2126 Inyo Street, Fresno, California |  | 93721
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrants telephone number, including area code (559) 248-4943
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing for the past 90 days. Yes x No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).

Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o | Small reporting company x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Common Stock, no par value
(Title of Class)
Shares outstanding as of October 31, 2015: 15,892,488
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Facing Page
Table of Contents

PART I. Financial Information |
| Item 1. Financial Statements |
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 5
|  | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity | 6
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 7
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
| Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 38
|  | Overview | 38
|  | Results of Operations | 42
|  | Financial Condition | 47
|  | Asset/Liability Management – Liquidity and Cash Flow | 56
|  | Regulatory Matters | 58
| Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 61
PART II. Other Information |
| Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 62
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 62
| Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 62
| Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 62
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 62
| Item 5. | Other Information | 62
| Item 6. | Exhibits | 62
Signatures | 63

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PART I. Financial Information
United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets – (unaudited)
September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014

(in thousands except shares) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Assets |  |  |
Cash and non-interest bearing deposits in other banks | $ | 23,458 |  |  | $ | 21,348 |
Cash and due from Federal Reserve Bank | 92,930 |  |  | 82,229 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 116,388 |  |  | 103,577 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 1,526 |  |  | 1,522 |
Investment securities available for sale (at fair value) | 34,423 |  |  | 48,301 |
Loans | 515,701 |  |  | 457,919 |
Unearned fees and unamortized loan origination costs, net | 145 |  |  | (324 | )
Allowance for credit losses | (11,573 | ) |  | (10,771 | )
Net loans | 504,273 |  |  | 446,824 |
Accrued interest receivable | 2,172 |  |  | 1,927 |
Premises and equipment – net | 10,944 |  |  | 11,550 |
Other real estate owned | 12,689 |  |  | 14,010 |
Goodwill | 4,488 |  |  | 4,488 |
Cash surrender value of life insurance | 18,106 |  |  | 17,717 |
Investment in limited partnerships | 929 |  |  | 871 |
Deferred income taxes - net | 6,712 |  |  | 6,853 |
Other assets | 5,749 |  |  | 5,529 |
Total assets | $ | 718,399 |  |  | $ | 663,169 |
Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest bearing | $ | 258,678 |  |  | $ | 215,439 |
Interest bearing | 357,957 |  |  | 349,934 |
Total deposits | 616,635 |  |  | 565,373 |
Accrued interest payable | 30 |  |  | 40 |
Accounts payable and other liabilities | 5,834 |  |  | 4,815 |
Junior subordinated debentures (at fair value) | 7,880 |  |  | 10,115 |
Total liabilities | 630,379 |  |  | 580,343 |
Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, no par value 20,000,000 shares authorized, 15,892,488 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2015, and 15,425,086 at December 31, 2014 | 51,726 |  |  | 49,271 |
Retained earnings | 36,472 |  |  | 33,730 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (178 | ) |  | (175 | )
Total shareholders' equity | 88,020 |  |  | 82,826 |
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 718,399 |  |  | $ | 663,169 |

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United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)

| Quarter Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands except shares and EPS) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Interest Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees | $ | 6,728 |  |  | $ | 6,187 |  |  | $ | 19,641 |  |  | $ | 17,602 |
Investment securities – AFS – taxable | 175 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 555 |  |  | 688 |
Interest on deposits in FRB | 55 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 210 |
Interest on deposits in other banks | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |
Total interest income | 6,959 |  |  | 6,479 |  |  | 20,339 |  |  | 18,505 |
Interest Expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits | 268 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 780 |  |  | 812 |
Interest on other borrowings | 58 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 183 |
Total interest expense | 326 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 955 |  |  | 995 |
Net Interest Income | 6,633 |  |  | 6,129 |  |  | 19,384 |  |  | 17,510 |
(Recovery of Provision) Provision for Credit Losses | (23 | ) |  | 39 |  |  | 434 |  |  | (101 | )
Net Interest Income after (Recovery of Provision) Provision for Credit Losses | 6,656 |  |  | 6,090 |  |  | 18,950 |  |  | 17,611 |
Noninterest Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer service fees | 963 |  |  | 957 |  |  | 2,661 |  |  | 2,639 |
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance | 130 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 389 |  |  | 384 |
Gain (loss) on fair value of financial liability | 148 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 346 |  |  | (34 | )
Gain on redemption of JR subordinated debentures | 78 |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |  |  | — |
(Loss) gain on sale of investment in limited partnership | (23 | ) |  | — |  |  | (23 | ) |  | 691 |
Gain on sale of premises and equipment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |
Other | 153 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 463 |  |  | 428 |
Total noninterest income | 1,449 |  |  | 1,311 |  |  | 3,914 |  |  | 4,133 |
Noninterest Expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 2,341 |  |  | 2,303 |  |  | 7,044 |  |  | 7,108 |
Occupancy expense | 1,047 |  |  | 966 |  |  | 3,021 |  |  | 2,795 |
Data processing | 29 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 101 |
Professional fees | 277 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 877 |  |  | 959 |
Regulatory assessments | 234 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 705 |  |  | 700 |
Director fees | 78 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 202 |  |  | 176 |
Amortization of intangibles | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 62 |
Correspondent bank service charges | 19 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 89 |
(Gain) Loss on California tax credit partnership | (1 | ) |  | (62 | ) |  | 60 |  |  | (15 | )
Net cost on operation of OREO | 401 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 594 |  |  | 480 |
Other | 589 |  |  | 493 |  |  | 1,755 |  |  | 1,700 |
Total noninterest expense | 5,014 |  |  | 4,617 |  |  | 14,404 |  |  | 14,155 |
Income Before Provision for Taxes | 3,091 |  |  | 2,784 |  |  | 8,460 |  |  | 7,589 |
Provision for Taxes on Income | 1,205 |  |  | 1,081 |  |  | 3,283 |  |  | 2,930 |
Net Income | $ | 1,886 |  |  | $ | 1,703 |  |  | $ | 5,177 |  |  | $ | 4,659 |
Net Income per common share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |
Diluted | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |
Shares on which net income per common shares were based |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 15,892,488 |  |  | 15,881,387 |  |  | 15,892,488 |  |  | 15,867,346 |
Diluted | 15,894,532 |  |  | 15,886,397 |  |  | 15,894,444 |  |  | 15,874,192 |

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United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(Unaudited)

(In thousands) | Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
Net Income | $ | 1,886 |  |  | $ | 1,703 |  |  | $ | 5,177 |  |  | $ | 4,659 |
Unrealized holdings gains (losses) on securities | 189 |  |  | (95 | ) |  | (58 | ) |  | (87 | )
Unrealized gains on unrecognized post-retirement costs | 19 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 47 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax | 208 |  |  | (79 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (40 | )
Tax (expense) benefit related to securities | (76 | ) |  | 38 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 35 |
Tax expense related to unrecognized post-retirement costs | (8 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (23 | ) |  | (20 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 124 |  |  | (47 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (25 | )
Comprehensive income | $ | 2,010 |  |  | $ | 1,656 |  |  | $ | 5,174 |  |  | $ | 4,634 |

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United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity
(unaudited)

| Common stock |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands except shares) | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance December 31, 2013 | 14,799,888 |  |  | $ | 45,778 |  |  | $ | 30,884 |  |  | $ | (119 | ) |  | $ | 76,543 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  | (25 | )
Common stock dividends | 448,572 |  |  | 2,524 |  |  | (2,524 | ) |  |  |  |  | — |
Stock options exercised | 23,922 |  |  | 95 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 95 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,659 |  |  |  |  |  | 4,659 |
Balance September 30, 2014 | 15,272,382 |  |  | $ | 48,420 |  |  | $ | 33,019 |  |  | $ | (144 | ) |  | $ | 81,295 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (31 | ) |  | (31 | )
Common stock dividends | 152,704 |  |  | 846 |  |  | (846 | ) |  |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,557 |  |  |  |  |  | 1,557 |
Balance December 31, 2014 | 15,425,086 |  |  | $ | 49,271 |  |  | $ | 33,730 |  |  | $ | (175 | ) |  | $ | 82,826 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (3 | )
Common stock dividends | 467,402 |  |  | 2,435 |  |  | (2,435 | ) |  |  |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,177 |  |  |  |  |  | 5,177 |
Balance September 30, 2015 | 15,892,488 |  |  | $ | 51,726 |  |  | $ | 36,472 |  |  | $ | (178 | ) |  | $ | 88,020 |

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United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

| Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |
Net Income | $ | 5,177 |  |  | $ | 4,659 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income:to cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses | 434 |  |  | (101 | )
Depreciation and amortization | 1,101 |  |  | 1,011 |
Amortization of investment securities | 205 |  |  | 190 |
Accretion of investment securities | (24 | ) |  | (26 | )
Increase in accrued interest receivable | (245 | ) |  | (280 | )
Decrease in accrued interest payable | (10 | ) |  | (2 | )
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (165 | ) |  | (1,113 | )
(Decrease) increase in unearned fees | (469 | ) |  | 121 |
Increase in income taxes payable | 1,181 |  |  | 2,936 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 20 |  |  | 23 |
Benefit for deferred income taxes | 142 |  |  | (14 | )
Gain on sale of other real estate owned | (17 | ) |  | (109 | )
Write down on other real estate owned | 188 |  |  | — |
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance | (389 | ) |  | (384 | )
(Gain) Loss on fair value option of financial liabilities | (346 | ) |  | 34 |
(Gain) on redemption of Jr subordinated debentures | (78 | ) |  | — |
Loss (gain) on tax credit limited partnership interest | 60 |  |  | (15 | )
Amortization of intangibles | — |  |  | 62 |
Loss (gain) on sale of investment in limited partnership | 23 |  |  | (691 | )
Gain on sale of premises and equipment | — |  |  | (25 | )
Net decrease in other assets | (49 | ) |  | (170 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 6,739 |  |  | 6,106 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in interest-bearing deposits with banks | (4 | ) |  | (5 | )
Purchase of correspondent bank stock | (147 | ) |  | (97 | )
Purchases of available-for-sale securities | — |  |  | (10,192 | )
Maturities of available-for-sale securities | 9,000 |  |  | — |
Principal payments of available-for-sale securities | 4,639 |  |  | 3,934 |
Net increase in loans | (57,456 | ) |  | (50,199 | )
Cash proceeds from sales of other real estate owned | 1,192 |  |  | 1,020 |
Investment in limited partnership | (119 | ) |  | (70 | )
Cash proceeds from sale of investment in limited partnership | — |  |  | 1,250 |
Capital expenditures of premises and equipment | (495 | ) |  | (628 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (43,390 | ) |  | (54,987 | )
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in demand deposits and savings accounts | 58,232 |  |  | 55,365 |
Net (decrease) in certificates of deposit | (6,970 | ) |  | (6,906 | )
Redemption of Jr subordinated debentures | (1,800 | ) |  | — |

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Proceeds from exercise of stock options | — |  |  | 95 |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 49,462 |  |  | 48,554 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 12,811 |  |  | (327 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 103,577 |  |  | 135,212 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 116,388 |  |  | $ | 134,885 |

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United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - (Unaudited)

1. | Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of United Security Bancshares, and its wholly owned subsidiary United Security Bank (the “Bank”) and two bank subsidiaries, USB Investment Trust (the “REIT”) and United Security Emerging Capital Fund (collectively the “Company” or “USB”). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
These unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information on a basis consistent with the accounting policies reflected in the audited financial statements of the Company included in its 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of a normal, recurring nature) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year as a whole.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards:
In January 2014, FASB issued ASU 2014-04, Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors. The amendments in this ASU clarify that an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs, and a creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, upon either (1) the creditor obtaining legal title to the residential real estate property upon completion of a foreclosure or (2) the borrower conveying all interest in the residential real estate property to the creditor to satisfy that loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. Additionally, the amendments require interim and annual disclosure of both (1) the amount of foreclosed residential real estate property held by the creditor and (2) the recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that are in the process of foreclosure according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public business entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2014. An entity can elect to adopt the amendments in this ASU using either a modified retrospective transition method or a prospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this update did not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In January 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-01 Accounting for Investments in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects. This ASU provides "guidance on accounting for investments by a reporting entity in flow-through limited liability entities that manage or invest in affordable housing projects that qualify for the low-income housing tax credit." It allows the proportional amortization method to be used by a reporting entity if certain conditions are met. The ASU also defines when a qualified affordable housing project through a limited liability entity should be tested for impairment. If a qualified affordable housing project does not meet the conditions for using the proportional amortization method, the investment should be accounted for using an equity method investment or a cost method investment. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2014, and interim periods therein. The Company will continue to account for our low-income housing tax credit investments using the equity method subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2014-01 and does not expect any impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

2. | Investment Securities

Following is a comparison of the amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale, as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

(in 000's) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
September 30, 2015 |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | $ | 10,232 |  |  | $ | 482 |  |  | $ | (112 | ) |  | $ | 10,602 |
U.S. Government collateralized mortgage obligations | 19,704 |  |  | 270 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,974 |
Mutual Funds | 4,000 |  |  | — |  |  | (153 | ) |  | 3,847 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | 33,936 |  |  | $ | 752 |  |  | $ | (265 | ) |  | $ | 34,423 |

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(in 000's) | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
December 31, 2014 |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | $ | 12,097 |  |  | $ | 399 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,496 |
U.S. Government collateralized mortgage obligations | 31,659 |  |  | 336 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 31,982 |
Mutual Funds | 4,000 |  |  | — |  |  | (177 | ) |  | 3,823 |
Total securities available for sale | $ | 47,756 |  |  | $ | 735 |  |  | $ | (190 | ) |  | $ | 48,301 |

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale at September 30, 2015, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Contractual maturities on collateralized mortgage obligations cannot be anticipated due to allowed paydowns. Mutual funds are included in the "due in one year or less" category below.

| September 30, 2015
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
(in 000's) |
Due in one year or less | $ | 4,000 |  |  | $ | 3,847 |
Due after one year through five years | 17 |  |  | 17 |
Due after five years through ten years | — |  |  | — |
Due after ten years | 10,215 |  |  | 10,585 |
Collateralized mortgage obligations | 19,704 |  |  | 19,974 |
| $ | 33,936 |  |  | $ | 34,423 |

There were no realized gains or losses on sales of available-for-sale securities for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014. There were no other-than-temporary impairment losses for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014.
At September 30, 2015, available-for-sale securities with an amortized cost of approximately $17,244,209 (fair value of $17,774,050) were pledged as collateral for FHLB borrowings and public funds balances.
The Company had no held-to-maturity or trading securities at September 30, 2015 or December 31, 2014.
Management periodically evaluates each available-for-sale investment security in an unrealized loss position to determine if the impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary.
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The following summarizes temporarily impaired investment securities:

(in 000's) | Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
September 30, 2015 | Fair Value (Carrying Amount) |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Carrying Amount) |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Carrying Amount) |  | Unrealized Losses
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | (112 | ) |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | (112 | )
U.S. Government agency collateral mortgage obligations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mutual Funds | 3,847 |  |  | (153 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,847 |  |  | (153 | )
Total impaired securities | $ | 3,847 |  |  | $ | (153 | ) |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | (112 | ) |  | $ | 3,929 |  |  | $ | (265 | )
December 31, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government agency collateral mortgage obligations | 6,478 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,478 |  |  | (13 | )
Mutual Funds | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,823 |  |  | (177 | ) |  | 3,823 |  |  | (177 | )
Total impaired securities | $ | 6,478 |  |  | $ | (13 | ) |  | $ | 3,823 |  |  | $ | (177 | ) |  | $ | 10,301 |  |  | $ | (190 | )

Temporarily impaired securities at September 30, 2015, were comprised of one mutual fund and one U.S. government agency security.
The Company evaluates investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) at least quarterly, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. The investment securities portfolio is evaluated for OTTI by segregating the portfolio into two general segments and applying the appropriate OTTI model. Investment securities classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity are generally evaluated for OTTI under ASC Topic 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Instruments. Certain purchased beneficial interests, including non-agency mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, and collateralized debt obligations, are evaluated under ASC Topic 325-40, Beneficial Interest in Securitized Financial Assets.
In the first segment, the Company considers many factors in determining OTTI, including: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (3) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions, and (4) whether the Company has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. The assessment of whether an other-than-temporary decline exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to the Company at the time of the evaluation.
The second segment of the portfolio uses the OTTI guidance that is specific to purchased beneficial interests including private label mortgage-backed securities. Under this model, the Company compares the present value of the remaining cash flows as estimated at the preceding evaluation date to the current expected remaining cash flows. An OTTI is deemed to have occurred if there has been an adverse change in the remaining expected future cash flows.
Additionally, other-than-temporary-impairment occurs when the Company intends to sell the security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss. If the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss, the other-than-temporary-impairment shall be recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period loss, the other-than-temporary-impairment shall be separated into
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the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary-impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings, and is determined based on the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the current amortized cost of the security. The amount of the total other-than-temporary-impairment related to other factors shall be recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income, net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the other-than-temporary-impairment recognized in earnings shall become the new amortized cost basis of the investment.
At September 30, 2015, the decline in market value of the impaired mutual fund and U.S. government agency security is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality. Because the Company does not have the intent to sell these impaired securities, and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before its anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2015.

3. | Loans

Loans are comprised of the following:

(in 000's) | September 30, 2015 |  |  | December 31, 2014 |
Commercial and Business Loans | $ | 62,648 |  |  | $ | 60,422 |
Government Program Loans | 1,616 |  |  | 1,947 |
Total Commercial and Industrial | 64,264 |  |  | 62,369 |
Real Estate – Mortgage: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Real Estate | 165,065 |  |  | 154,672 |
Residential Mortgages | 72,452 |  |  | 59,095 |
Home Improvement and Home Equity loans | 960 |  |  | 1,110 |
Total Real Estate Mortgage | 238,477 |  |  | 214,877 |
Real Estate Construction and Development | 150,888 |  |  | 137,158 |
Agricultural | 43,025 |  |  | 31,713 |
Installment | 19,047 |  |  | 11,802 |
Total Loans | $ | 515,701 |  |  | $ | 457,919 |

The Company's loans are predominantly in the San Joaquin Valley and the greater Oakhurst/East Madera County area, as well as the Campbell area of Santa Clara County. Although the Company does participate in loans with other financial institutions, they are primarily in the state of California.
Commercial and industrial loans represent 12.5% of total loans at September 30, 2015 and are generally made to support the ongoing operations of small-to-medium sized commercial businesses. Commercial and industrial loans have a high degree of industry diversification and provide working capital, financing for the purchase of manufacturing plants and equipment, or funding for growth and general expansion of businesses. A substantial portion of commercial and industrial loans are secured by accounts receivable, inventory, leases, or other collateral including real estate. The remainder are unsecured; however, extensions of credit are predicated upon the financial capacity of the borrower. Repayment of commercial loans is generally from the cash flow of the borrower.
Real estate mortgage loans, representing 46.2% of total loans at September 30, 2015, are secured by trust deeds on primarily commercial property, but are also secured by trust deeds on single family residences. Repayment of real estate mortgage loans generally comes from the cash flow of the borrower.

• | Commercial real estate mortgage loans comprise the largest segment of this loan category and are available on all types of income producing and commercial properties, including: office buildings, shopping centers; apartments and motels; owner occupied buildings; manufacturing facilities and more. Commercial real estate mortgage loans can also be used to refinance existing debt. Although real estate associated with the business is the primary collateral for commercial real estate mortgage loans, the underlying real estate is not the source of repayment. Commercial real estate loans are made under the premise that the loan will be repaid from the borrower's business operations, rental income associated with the real property, or personal assets.

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• | Residential mortgage loans are provided to individuals to finance or refinance single-family residences. Residential mortgages are not a primary business line offered by the Company, and a majority are conventional mortgages that were purchased as a pool. Most residential mortgages originated by the Company are of a shorter term than conventional mortgages, with maturities ranging from 3 to 15 years on average.

• | Home Improvement and Home Equity loans comprise a relatively small portion of total real estate mortgage loans, and are offered to borrowers for the purpose of home improvements, although the proceeds may be used for other purposes. Home equity loans are generally secured by junior trust deeds, but may be secured by 1 st trust deeds.

Real estate construction and development loans, representing 29.3% of total loans at September 30, 2015, consist of loans for residential and commercial construction projects, as well as land acquisition and development, or land held for future development. Loans in this category are secured by real estate including improved and unimproved land, as well as single-family residential, multi-family residential, and commercial properties in various stages of completion. All real estate loans have established equity requirements. Repayment on construction loans generally comes from long-term mortgages with other lending institutions obtained at completion of the project.
Agricultural loans represent 8.3% of total loans at September 30, 2015 and are generally secured by land, equipment, inventory and receivables. Repayment is from the cash flow of the borrower.
Installment loans represent 3.7% of total loans at September 30, 2015 and generally consist of loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures such as credit cards, automobiles or other consumer items.
In the normal course of business, the Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, these financial instruments include commitments to extend credit of $112,665,000 and $105,434,000, respectively, and standby letters of credit of $3,009,000 and $3,800,000, respectively. These instruments involve elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the consolidated balance sheet. The contract amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of the involvement the Company has in off-balance sheet financial instruments.
The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amounts of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.
Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. A majority of these commitments are at floating interest rates based on the Prime rate. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management's credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but includes accounts receivable, inventory, leases, property, plant and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing properties.
Standby letters of credit are generally unsecured and are issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.
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Past Due Loans
The Company monitors delinquency and potential problem loans on an ongoing basis through weekly reports to the Loan Committee and monthly reports to the Board of Directors. The following is a summary of delinquent loans at September 30, 2015 (in 000's):

September 30, 2015 | Loans 30-60 Days Past Due |  | Loans 61-89 Days Past Due |  | Loans 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due Loans |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
Commercial and Business Loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | 61,686 |  |  | $ | 62,648 |  |  | $ | — |
Government Program Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 1,597 |  |  | 1,616 |  |  | 19 |
Total Commercial and Industrial | — |  |  | — |  |  | 981 |  |  | 981 |  |  | 63,283 |  |  | 64,264 |  |  | 19 |
Commercial Real Estate Loans | — |  |  | 747 |  |  | — |  |  | 747 |  |  | 164,318 |  |  | 165,065 |  |  | — |
Residential Mortgages | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 72,122 |  |  | 72,452 |  |  | — |
Home Improvement and Home Equity Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 960 |  |  | 960 |  |  | — |
Total Real Estate Mortgage | — |  |  | 810 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 1,077 |  |  | 237,400 |  |  | 238,477 |  |  | — |
Real Estate Construction and Development Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 150,888 |  |  | 150,888 |  |  | — |
Agricultural Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,025 |  |  | 43,025 |  |  | — |
Consumer Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 450 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 18,382 |  |  | 18,832 |  |  | — |
Overdraft Protection Lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |  |  | 78 |  |  | — |
Overdrafts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 137 |  |  | 137 |  |  | — |
Total Installment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 450 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 18,597 |  |  | 19,047 |  |  | — |
Total Loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | 810 |  |  | $ | 1,698 |  |  | $ | 2,508 |  |  | $ | 513,193 |  |  | $ | 515,701 |  |  | $ | 19 |

The following is a summary of delinquent loans at December 31, 2014 (in 000's):

December 31, 2014 | Loans 30-60 Days Past Due |  | Loans 61-89 Days Past Due |  | Loans 90 or More Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due Loans |  | Current Loans |  | Total Loans |  | Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
Commercial and Business Loans | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | 59,460 |  |  | $ | 60,422 |  |  | $ | — |
Government Program Loans | 445 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 445 |  |  | 1,502 |  |  | 1,947 |  |  | — |
Total Commercial and Industrial | 1,407 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,407 |  |  | 60,962 |  |  | 62,369 |  |  | — |
Commercial Real Estate Loans | 463 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 463 |  |  | 154,209 |  |  | 154,672 |  |  | — |
Residential Mortgages | — |  |  | 90 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 58,843 |  |  | 59,095 |  |  | — |
Home Improvement and Home Equity Loans | 43 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | 1,110 |  |  | — |
Total Real Estate Mortgage | 506 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 214,077 |  |  | 214,877 |  |  | — |
Real Estate Construction and Development Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 137,158 |  |  | 137,158 |  |  | — |
Agricultural Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,713 |  |  | 31,713 |  |  | — |
Consumer Loans | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | 11,428 |  |  | 11,495 |  |  | — |
Overdraft Protection Lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |
Overdrafts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 215 |  |  | 215 |  |  | — |
Total Installment | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | 11,735 |  |  | 11,802 |  |  | — |
Total Loans | $ | 1,980 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 204 |  |  | $ | 2,274 |  |  | $ | 455,645 |  |  | $ | 457,919 |  |  | $ | — |

Nonaccrual Loans
Commercial, construction and commercial real estate loans are placed on nonaccrual status under the following circumstances:
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- When there is doubt regarding the full repayment of interest and principal.
- When principal and/or interest on the loan has been in default for a period of 90-days or more, unless the asset is both well secured and in the process of collection that will result in repayment in the near future.
- When the loan is identified as having loss elements and/or is risk rated "8" Doubtful.
Other circumstances which jeopardize the ultimate collectability of the loan including certain troubled debt restructurings, identified loan impairment, and certain loans to facilitate the sale of OREO.
Loans meeting any of the preceding criteria are placed on nonaccrual status and the accrual of interest for financial statement purposes is discontinued. Previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against interest income.
All other loans where principal or interest is due and unpaid for 90 days or more are placed on nonaccrual and the accrual of interest for financial statement purposes is discontinued. Previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against interest income.
When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status and subsequent payments of interest (and principal) are received, the interest received may be accounted for in two separate ways.
Cost recovery method: If the loan is in doubt as to full collection, the interest received in subsequent payments is diverted from interest income to a valuation reserve and treated as a reduction of principal for financial reporting purposes.
Cash basis: This method is only used if the recorded investment or total contractual amount is expected to be fully collectible, under which circumstances the subsequent payments of interest are credited to interest income as received.
Loans on non-accrual status are usually not returned to accrual status unless all delinquent principal and/or interest has been brought current, there is no identified element of loss, and current and continued satisfactory performance is expected (loss of the contractual amount not the carrying amount of the loan). Return to accrual is generally demonstrated through the timely receipt of at least six monthly payments on a loan with monthly amortization.
Nonaccrual loans totaled $8,248,000 and $9,935,000 at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. There were no remaining undisbursed commitments to extend credit on nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2015 or December 31, 2014.
The following is a summary of nonaccrual loan balances at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 (in 000's).

| September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Commercial and Business Loans | $ | 962 |  |  | $ | 12 |
Government Program Loans | 348 |  |  | 421 |
Total Commercial and Industrial | 1,310 |  |  | 433 |
Commercial Real Estate Loans | 1,280 |  |  | 3,145 |
Residential Mortgages | 267 |  |  | 1,174 |
Home Improvement and Home Equity Loans | — |  |  | 42 |
Total Real Estate Mortgage | 1,547 |  |  | 4,361 |
Real Estate Construction and Development Loans | 4,941 |  |  | 5,141 |
Agricultural Loans | — |  |  | — |
Consumer Loans | 450 |  |  | — |
Overdraft Protection Lines | — |  |  | — |
Overdrafts | — |  |  | — |
Total Installment | 450 |  |  | — |
Total Loans | $ | 8,248 |  |  | $ | 9,935 |

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Impaired Loans
A loan is considered impaired when based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.
The Company applies its normal loan review procedures in making judgments regarding probable losses and loan impairment. The Company evaluates for impairment those loans on nonaccrual status, graded doubtful, graded substandard or those that are troubled debt restructures. The primary basis for inclusion in impaired status under generally accepted accounting pronouncements is that it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.
A loan is not considered impaired if there is merely an insignificant delay or shortfall in the amounts of payments and the Company expects to collect all amounts due, including interest accrued, at the contractual interest rate for the period of the delay.
Review for impairment does not include large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated to estimate the allowance for loan losses. The Company’s present allowance for loan losses methodology, including migration analysis, captures required reserves for these loans in the formula allowance.
For loans determined to be impaired, the Company evaluates impairment based upon either the fair value of underlying collateral, discounted cash flows of expected payments, or observable market price.

- | For loans secured by collateral including real estate and equipment, the fair value of the collateral less selling costs will determine the carrying value of the loan. The difference between the recorded investment in the loan and the fair value, less selling costs, determines the amount of impairment. The Company uses the measurement method based on fair value of collateral when the loan is collateral dependent and foreclosure is probable. For loans that are not considered collateral dependent, a discounted cash flow methodology is used.

- | The discounted cash flow method of measuring the impairment of a loan is used for impaired loans that are not considered to be collateral dependent. Under this method, the Company assesses both the amount and timing of cash flows expected from impaired loans. The estimated cash flows are discounted using the loan's effective interest rate. The difference between the amount of the loan on the Bank's books and the discounted cash flow amounts determines the amount of impairment to be provided. This method is used for most of the Company’s troubled debt restructurings or other impaired loans where some payment stream is being collected.

- | The observable market price method of measuring the impairment of a loan is only used by the Company when the sale of loans or a loan is in process.

The method for recognizing interest income on impaired loans is dependent on whether the loan is on nonaccrual status or is a troubled debt restructure. For income recognition, the existing nonaccrual and troubled debt restructuring policies are applied to impaired loans. Generally, except for certain troubled debt restructurings which are performing under the restructure agreement, the Company does not recognize interest income received on impaired loans, but reduces the carrying amount of the loan for financial reporting purposes.
Loans other than certain homogeneous loan portfolios are reviewed on a quarterly basis for impairment. Impaired loans are written down to estimated realizable values by the establishment of specific reserves for loan utilizing the discounted cash flow method, or charge-offs for collateral-based impaired loans, or those using observable market pricing.
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The following is a summary of impaired loans at September 30, 2015 (in 000's).

September 30, 2015 | Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment With No Allowance (1) |  | Recorded Investment With Allowance (1) |  | Total Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment (2) |  | Interest Recognized (2)
Commercial and Business Loans | $ | 1,723 |  |  | $ | 530 |  |  | $ | 1,195 |  |  | $ | 1,725 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 1,568 |  |  | $ | 28 |
Government Program Loans | 348 |  |  | 348 |  |  | — |  |  | 348 |  |  | — |  |  | 381 |  |  | 22 |
Total Commercial and Industrial | 2,071 |  |  | 878 |  |  | 1,195 |  |  | 2,073 |  |  | 1,019 |  |  | 1,949 |  |  | 50 |
Commercial Real Estate Loans | 1,279 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,279 |  |  | 1,279 |  |  | 512 |  |  | 2,093 |  |  | 51 |
Residential Mortgages | 3,827 |  |  | 1,222 |  |  | 2,613 |  |  | 3,835 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 4,161 |  |  | 153 |
Home Improvement and Home Equity Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |
Total Real Estate Mortgage | 5,106 |  |  | 1,222 |  |  | 3,892 |  |  | 5,114 |  |  | 672 |  |  | 6,275 |  |  | 204 |
Real Estate Construction and Development Loans | 6,114 |  |  | 5,411 |  |  | 708 |  |  | 6,119 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 6,244 |  |  | 303 |
Agricultural Loans | 20 |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | 7 |
Consumer Loans | 1,100 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,105 |  |  | 1,105 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | 26 |
Overdraft Protection Lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Overdrafts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Installment | 1,100 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,105 |  |  | 1,105 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 1,055 |  |  | 26 |
Total Impaired Loans | $ | 14,411 |  |  | $ | 7,531 |  |  | $ | 6,900 |  |  | $ | 14,431 |  |  | $ | 2,419 |  |  | $ | 15,550 |  |  | $ | 590 |

(1) The recorded investment in loans includes accrued interest receivable of $20,000.
(2) Information is based on the nine month period ended September 30, 2015.
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The following is a summary of impaired loans at December 31, 2014 (in 000's).

December 31, 2014 | Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment With No Allowance (1) |  | Recorded Investment With Allowance (1) |  | Total Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment (2) |  | Interest Recognized (2)
Commercial and Business Loans | $ | 996 |  |  | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 76 |
Government Program Loans | 421 |  |  | 421 |  |  | — |  |  | 421 |  |  | — |  |  | 250 |  |  | 28 |
Total Commercial and Industrial | 1,417 |  |  | 1,191 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 1,421 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | 104 |
Commercial Real Estate Loans | 3,145 |  |  | 1,794 |  |  | 1,351 |  |  | 3,145 |  |  | 478 |  |  | 5,765 |  |  | 244 |
Residential Mortgages | 4,315 |  |  | 1,474 |  |  | 2,852 |  |  | 4,326 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 4,564 |  |  | 188 |
Home Improvement and Home Equity Loans | 42 |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 3 |
Total Real Estate Mortgage | 7,502 |  |  | 3,310 |  |  | 4,203 |  |  | 7,513 |  |  | 648 |  |  | 10,340 |  |  | 435 |
Real Estate Construction and Development Loans | 6,367 |  |  | 6,371 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,371 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,362 |  |  | 209 |
Agricultural Loans | 32 |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | 9 |
Consumer Loans | 695 |  |  | 655 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 700 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 37 |
Overdraft Protection Lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Overdrafts | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Installment | 695 |  |  | 655 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 700 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 37 |
Total Impaired Loans | $ | 16,013 |  |  | $ | 11,559 |  |  | $ | 4,478 |  |  | $ | 16,037 |  |  | $ | 715 |  |  | $ | 15,045 |  |  | $ | 794 |

(1) The recorded investment in loans includes accrued interest receivable of $24,000.
(2) Information is based on the twelve month period ended December 31, 2014.
In most cases, the Company uses the cash basis method of income recognition for impaired loans. In the case of certain troubled debt restructurings for which the loan is performing under the current contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, income is recognized under the accrual method.
The average recorded investment in impaired loans for the quarters ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was $14,506,000 and $14,436,000, respectively. Interest income recognized on impaired loans for the quarters ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was approximately $199,000 and $176,000, respectively. For impaired nonaccrual loans, interest income recognized under a cash-basis method of accounting was approximately $126,000 and $117,000 for the quarters ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The average recorded investment in impaired loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was $15,550,000 and $14,714,000, respectively. Interest income recognized on impaired loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 was approximately $590,000 and $463,000, respectively. For impaired nonaccrual loans, interest income recognized under a cash-basis method of accounting was approximately $326,000 and $264,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
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Troubled Debt Restructurings
In certain circumstances, when the Company grants a concession to a borrower as part of a loan restructuring, the restructuring is accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). TDRs are reported as a component of impaired loans.
A TDR is a type of restructuring in which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties, grants a concession (either imposed by court order, law, or agreement between the borrower and the Bank) to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Although the restructuring may take different forms, the Company's objective is to maximize recovery of its investment by granting relief to the borrower.
A TDR may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following:
- A transfer from the borrower to the Company of receivables from third parties, real estate, other assets, or an equity interest in the borrower is granted to fully or partially satisfy the loan.
- A modification of terms of a debt such as one or a combination of:

◦ | The reduction (absolute or contingent) of the stated interest rate.

◦ | The extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk.

◦ | The reduction (absolute or contingent) of the face amount or maturity amount of debt as stated in the instrument or agreement.

◦ | The reduction (absolute or contingent) of accrued interest.

For a restructured loan to return to accrual status there needs to be, among other factors, at least 6 months successful payment history. In addition, the Company performs a financial analysis of the credit to determine whether the borrower has the ability to continue to meet payments over the remaining life of the loan. This includes, but is not limited to, a review of financial statements and cash flow analysis of the borrower. Only after determination that the borrower has the ability to perform under the terms of the loans, will the restructured credit be considered for accrual status. Although the Company does not have a policy which specifically addresses when a loan may be removed from TDR classification, as a matter of practice, loans classified as TDRs generally remain classified as such until the loan either reaches maturity or its outstanding balance is paid off.
The following tables illustrates TDR activity for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2015
($ in 000's) | Number of Contracts |  | Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts which Defaulted During Period |  | Recorded Investment on Defaulted TDRs
Troubled Debt Restructurings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and Business Loans | 1 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Government Program Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial Real Estate Term Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Single Family Residential Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home Improvement and Home Equity Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real Estate Construction and Development Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Agricultural Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Overdraft Protection Lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Loans | 1 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |

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| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015
| Number of Contracts |  | Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts which Defaulted During Period |  | Recorded Investment on Defaulted TDRs
Troubled Debt Restructurings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and Business Loans | 2 |  |  | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 335 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Government Program Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial Real Estate Term Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Single Family Residential Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home Improvement and Home Equity Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real Estate Construction and Development Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Agricultural Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Overdraft Protection Lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Loans | 2 |  |  | $ | 339 |  |  | $ | 335 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2014
($ in 000's) | Number of Contracts |  | Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts which Defaulted During Period |  | Recorded Investment on Defaulted TDRs
Troubled Debt Restructurings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and Business Loans | 2 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Government Program Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial Real Estate Term Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Single Family Residential Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 162 |
Home Improvement and Home Equity Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real Estate Construction and Development Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Agricultural Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Overdraft Protection Lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Loans | 2 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 162 |

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| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
($ in 000's) | Number of Contracts |  | Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number of Contracts which Defaulted During Period |  | Recorded Investment on Defaulted TDRs
Troubled Debt Restructurings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and Business Loans | 3 |  |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 335 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | — |
Government Program Loans | 1 |  |  | 544 |  |  | 534 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Commercial Real Estate Term Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Single Family Residential Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 657 |
Home Improvement and Home Equity Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real Estate Construction and Development Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 394 |
Agricultural Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer Loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Overdraft Protection Lines | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Loans | 4 |  |  | $ | 894 |  |  | $ | 869 |  |  | 7 |  |  | $ | 1,051 |

The Company makes various types of concessions when structuring TDRs including rate reductions, payment extensions, and forbearance. At September 30, 2015, the Company had 29 restructured loans totaling $12,312,000 as compared to 33 restructured loans totaling $15,000,000 at December 31, 2014.
The following tables summarize TDR activity by loan category for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014 (in 000's).

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Mortgages |  | Home Improvement and Home Equity |  | Real Estate Construction Development |  | Agricultural |  | Installment & Other |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | 1,306 |  |  | $ | 2,713 |  |  | $ | 4,225 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,029 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 695 |  |  | $ | 15,000 |
Defaults | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Additions | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | 256 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 337 |
Principal reductions | (376 | ) |  | (1,434 | ) |  | (922 | ) |  | — |  |  | (236 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (45 | ) |  | (3,025 | )
Ending balance | $ | 1,011 |  |  | $ | 1,279 |  |  | $ | 3,559 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,793 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 650 |  |  | $ | 12,312 |
Allowance for loan loss | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 512 |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 922 |

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Mortgages |  | Home Improvement and Home Equity |  | Real Estate Construction Development |  | Agricultural |  | Installment & Other |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | 675 |  |  | $ | 1,468 |  |  | $ | 5,273 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,551 |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 9,059 |
Defaults | — |  |  | — |  |  | (656 | ) |  | — |  |  | (395 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,051 | )
Additions | 894 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 894 |
Principal reductions | (694 | ) |  | (88 | ) |  | (360 | ) |  | — |  |  | (670 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (1,824 | )
Ending balance | $ | 875 |  |  | $ | 1,380 |  |  | $ | 4,257 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 486 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 7,078 |
Allowance for loan loss | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 486 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 719 |

The following tables summarize TDR activity by loan category for the quarters ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014.

Three months ended September 30, 2015 | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Mortgages |  | Home Improvement and Home Equity |  | Real Estate Construction Development |  | Agricultural |  | Installment & Other |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | 975 |  |  | $ | 1,302 |  |  | $ | 3,638 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,870 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 650 |  |  | $ | 12,459 |
Defaults | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Additions | 81 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |
Principal reductions | (45 | ) |  | (23 | ) |  | (79 | ) |  | — |  |  | (77 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (228 | )
Ending balance | $ | 1,011 |  |  | $ | 1,279 |  |  | $ | 3,559 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,793 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 650 |  |  | $ | 12,312 |
Allowance for loan loss | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 512 |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 922 |

Three months ended September 30, 2014 | Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Residential Mortgages |  | Home Improvement and Home Equity |  | Real Estate Construction Development |  | Agricultural |  | Installment & Other |  | Total
Beginning balance | $ | 1,107 |  |  | $ | 1,410 |  |  | $ | 4,536 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 490 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 7,627 |
Defaults | — |  |  | — |  |  | (162 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (162 | )
Additions | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |
Principal reductions | (532 | ) |  | (30 | ) |  | (117 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (687 | )
Ending balance | $ | 875 |  |  | $ | 1,380 |  |  | $ | 4,257 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 486 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 7,078 |
Allowance for loan loss | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 486 |  |  | $ | 184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 719 |

Credit Quality Indicators
As part of its credit monitoring program, the Company utilizes a risk rating system which quantifies the risk the Company estimates it has assumed during the life of a loan. The system rates the strength of the borrower and the facility or transaction, and is designed to provide a program for risk management and early detection of problems.
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For each new credit approval, credit extension, renewal, or modification of existing credit facilities, the Company assigns risk ratings utilizing the rating scale identified in this policy. In addition, on an on-going basis, loans and credit facilities are reviewed for internal and external influences impacting the credit facility that would warrant a change in the risk rating. Each loan credit facility is to be given a risk rating that takes into account factors that materially affect credit quality.
When assigning risk ratings, the Company evaluates two risk rating approaches, a facility rating and a borrower rating as follows:
Facility Rating:
The facility rating is determined by the analysis of positive and negative factors that may indicate that the quality of a particular loan or credit arrangement requires that it be rated differently from the risk rating assigned to the borrower. The Company assesses the risk impact of these factors:
Collateral - The rating may be affected by the type and quality of the collateral, the degree of coverage, the economic life of the collateral, liquidation value and the Company's ability to dispose of the collateral.
Guarantees - The value of third party support arrangements varies widely. Unconditional guaranties from persons with demonstrable ability to perform are more substantial than that of closely related persons to the borrower who offer only modest support.
Unusual Terms - Credit may be extended on terms that subject the Company to a higher level of risk than indicated in the rating of the borrower.
Borrower Rating:
The borrower rating is a measure of loss possibility based on the historical, current and anticipated financial characteristics of the borrower in the current risk environment. To determine the rating, the Company considers at least the following factors:
- Quality of management
- Liquidity
- Leverage/capitalization
- Profit margins/earnings trend
- Adequacy of financial records
- Alternative funding sources
- Geographic risk
- Industry risk
- Cash flow risk
- Accounting practices
- Asset protection
- Extraordinary risks
The Company assigns risk ratings to loans other than consumer loans and other homogeneous loan pools based on the following scale. The risk ratings are used when determining borrower ratings as well as facility ratings. When the borrower rating and the facility ratings differ, the lowest rating applied is:

- | Grades 1 and 2 – These grades include loans which are given to high quality borrowers with high credit quality and sound financial strength. Key financial ratios are generally above industry averages and the borrower’s strong earnings history or net worth. These may be secured by deposit accounts or high-grade investment securities.

- | Grade 3 – This grade includes loans to borrowers with solid credit quality with minimal risk. The borrower’s balance sheet and financial ratios are generally in line with industry averages, and the borrower has historically demonstrated the ability to manage economic adversity. Real estate and asset-based loans assigned this risk rating must have characteristics, which place them well above the minimum underwriting requirements for those departments. Asset-based borrowers assigned this rating must exhibit extremely favorable leverage and cash flow characteristics, and consistently demonstrate a high level of unused borrowing capacity.

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- | Grades 4 and 5 – These include “pass” grade loans to borrowers of acceptable credit quality and risk. The borrower’s balance sheet and financial ratios may be below industry averages, but above the lowest industry quartile. Leverage is above and liquidity is below industry averages. Inadequacies evident in financial performance and/or management sufficiency are offset by readily available features of support, such as adequate collateral, or good guarantors having the liquid assets and/or cash flow capacity to repay the debt. The borrower may have recognized a loss over three or four years, however recent earnings trends, while perhaps somewhat cyclical, are improving and cash flows are adequate to cover debt service and fixed obligations. Real estate and asset-borrowers fully comply with all underwriting standards and are performing according to projections would be assigned this rating. These also include grade 5 loans which are “leveraged” or on management’s “watch list.” While still considered pass loans (loans given a grade 5), the borrower’s financial condition, cash flow or operations evidence more than average risk and short term weaknesses, these loans warrant a higher than average level of monitoring, supervision and attention from the Company, but do not reflect credit weakness trends that weaken or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position. Loans with a grade rating of 5 are not normally acceptable as new credits unless they are adequately secured or carry substantial endorser/guarantors.

- | Grade 6 – This grade includes “special mention” loans which are loans that are currently protected but are potentially weak. This generally is an interim grade classification and should usually be upgraded to an Acceptable rating or downgraded to Substandard within a reasonable time period. Weaknesses in special mention loans may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans are often loans with weaknesses inherent from the loan origination, loan servicing, and perhaps some technical deficiencies. The main theme in special mention credits is the distinct probability that the classification will deteriorate to a more adverse class if the noted deficiencies are not addressed by the loan officer or loan management.

- | Grade 7 – This grade includes “substandard” loans which are inadequately supported by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that may impair the regular liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans exhibit a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard loans also include impaired loans.

- | Grade 8 – This grade includes “doubtful” loans which exhibit the same characteristics as the Substandard loans with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include a proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans.

- | Grade 9 – This grade includes loans classified “loss” which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the asset even though partial recovery may be achieved in the future.

The Company did not carry any loans graded as loss at September 30, 2015 or December 31, 2014.
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The following tables summarize the credit risk ratings for commercial, construction, and other non-consumer related loans for September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

| Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Real Estate Construction and Development |  | Agricultural |  | Total
September 30, 2015 |  |  |  |
(in 000's) |  |  |  |
Grades 1 and 2 | $ | 686 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 736 |
Grade 3 | 2,009 |  |  | 6,005 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,014 |
Grades 4 and 5 – pass | 54,775 |  |  | 155,436 |  |  | 129,524 |  |  | 42,975 |  |  | 382,710 |
Grade 6 – special mention | 5,189 |  |  | 2,345 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,534 |
Grade 7 – substandard | 643 |  |  | 1,279 |  |  | 21,364 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,286 |
Grade 8 – doubtful | 962 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 962 |
Total | $ | 64,264 |  |  | $ | 165,065 |  |  | $ | 150,888 |  |  | $ | 43,025 |  |  | $ | 423,242 |

| Commercial and Industrial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | Real Estate Construction and Development |  | Agricultural |  | Total
December 31, 2014 |  |  |  |
(in 000's) |  |  |  |
Grades 1 and 2 | $ | 591 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 591 |
Grade 3 | 2,012 |  |  | 4,808 |  |  | 775 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,595 |
Grades 4 and 5 – pass | 58,179 |  |  | 144,230 |  |  | 114,766 |  |  | 31,600 |  |  | 348,775 |
Grade 6 – special mention | 342 |  |  | 1,095 |  |  | — |  |  | 113 |  |  | 1,550 |
Grade 7 – substandard | 1,245 |  |  | 4,539 |  |  | 21,617 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,401 |
Grade 8 – doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 62,369 |  |  | $ | 154,672 |  |  | $ | 137,158 |  |  | $ | 31,713 |  |  | $ | 385,912 |

The Company follows consistent underwriting standards outlined in its loan policy for consumer and other homogeneous loans but, does not specifically assign a risk rating when these loans are originated. Consumer loans are monitored for credit risk and are considered “pass” loans until some issue or event requires that the credit be downgraded to special mention or worse.
The following tables summarize the credit risk ratings for consumer related loans and other homogeneous loans for September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

| September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
| Residential Mortgages |  | Home Improvement and Home Equity |  | Installment |  | Total |  | Residential Mortgages |  | Home Improvement and Home Equity |  | Installment |  | Total
(in 000's) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Not graded | $ | 50,486 |  |  | $ | 931 |  |  | $ | 17,061 |  |  | $ | 68,478 |  |  | $ | 38,207 |  |  | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 10,287 |  |  | $ | 49,532 |
Pass | 19,868 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 886 |  |  | 20,783 |  |  | 17,887 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 865 |  |  | 18,782 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 216 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 216 |
Substandard | 2,098 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | 3,198 |  |  | 2,785 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 650 |  |  | 3,477 |
Total | $ | 72,452 |  |  | $ | 960 |  |  | $ | 19,047 |  |  | $ | 92,459 |  |  | $ | 59,095 |  |  | $ | 1,110 |  |  | $ | 11,802 |  |  | $ | 72,007 |

Allowance for Loan Losses
The Company analyzes risk characteristics inherent in each loan portfolio segment as part of the quarterly review of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The following summarizes some of the key risk characteristics for the eleven segments of the loan portfolio (Consumer loans include three segments):
Commercial and industrial loans – Commercial loans are subject to the effects of economic cycles and tend to exhibit increased risk as economic conditions deteriorate, or if the economic downturn is prolonged. The Company considers this segment to be one of higher risk given the size of individual loans and the balances in the overall portfolio.
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Government program loans – This is a relatively a small part of the Company’s loan portfolio, but has historically had a high percentage of loans that have migrated from pass to substandard given there vulnerability to economic cycles.
Commercial real estate loans – This segment is considered to have more risk in part because of the vulnerability of commercial businesses to economic cycles as well as the exposure to fluctuations in real estate prices because most of these loans are secured by real estate. Losses in this segment have however been historically low because most of the loans are real estate secured, and the bank maintains appropriate loan-to-value ratios.
Residential mortgages – This segment is considered to have low risk factors both from the Company and peer statistics. These loans are secured by first deeds of trust. The losses experienced over the past twelve quarters are isolated to approximately twelve loans and are generally the result of short sales.
Home improvement and home equity loans – Because of their junior lien position, these loans have an inherently higher risk level. Because residential real estate has been severely distressed in the recent past, the anticipated risk for this loan segment has increased.
Real estate construction and development loans –In a normal economy, this segment of loans is considered to have a higher risk profile due to construction and market value issues in conjunction with normal credit risks. Although residential real estate markets have improved, they are still distressed on a historical basis, and therefore carry higher risk.
Agricultural loans – This segment is considered to have risks associated with weather, insects, and marketing issues. In addition, concentrations in certain crops or certain agricultural areas can increase risk.
Installment loans (Includes consumer loans, overdrafts, and overdraft protection lines) – This segment is higher risk because many of the loans are unsecured.
The following summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan category for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in 000's).

Nine Months Ended | Commercial and Industrial |  | Real Estate Mortgage |  | Real Estate Construction Development |  | Agricultural |  | Installment & Other |  | Commercial Lease Financing |  | Unallocated |  | Total
September 30, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 1,219 |  |  | $ | 1,653 |  |  | $ | 6,278 |  |  | $ | 481 |  |  | $ | 293 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 847 |  |  | $ | 10,771 |
Provision for credit losses | 834 |  |  | (209 | ) |  | (426 | ) |  | 69 |  |  | 729 |  |  | — |  |  | (563 | ) |  | 434 |
Charge-offs | (387 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (413 | )
Recoveries | 581 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 781 |
Net recoveries | 194 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 368 |
Ending balance | $ | 2,247 |  |  | $ | 1,575 |  |  | $ | 5,912 |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 1,013 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 276 |  |  | $ | 11,573 |
Period-end amount allocated to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment | 1,019 |  |  | 672 |  |  | 143 |  |  | — |  |  | 585 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,419 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,228 |  |  | 903 |  |  | 5,769 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 428 |  |  | — |  |  | 276 |  |  | 9,154 |
Ending balance | $ | 2,247 |  |  | $ | 1,575 |  |  | $ | 5,912 |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 1,013 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 276 |  |  | $ | 11,573 |

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Nine Months Ended | Commercial and Industrial |  | Real Estate Mortgage |  | Real Estate Construction Development |  | Agricultural |  | Installment & Other |  | Commercial Lease Financing |  | Unallocated |  | Total
September 30, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 2,340 |  |  | $ | 1,862 |  |  | $ | 5,533 |  |  | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 276 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 10,988 |
Recovery of provision for credit losses | (877 | ) |  | 55 |  |  | 253 |  |  | (76 | ) |  | 64 |  |  | (46 | ) |  | 526 |  |  | (101 | )
Charge-offs | (183 | ) |  | (131 | ) |  | (60 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (384 | )
Recoveries | 181 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 46 |  |  | — |  |  | 612 |
Net charge-offs | (2 | ) |  | (118 | ) |  | 259 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 46 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 228 |
Ending balance | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 1,799 |  |  | $ | 6,045 |  |  | $ | 512 |  |  | $ | 387 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 11,115 |
Period-end amount allocated to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment | 47 |  |  | 670 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 719 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,414 |  |  | 1,129 |  |  | 6,045 |  |  | 512 |  |  | 385 |  |  | — |  |  | 911 |  |  | 10,396 |
Ending balance | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 1,799 |  |  | $ | 6,045 |  |  | $ | 512 |  |  | $ | 387 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 11,115 |

Three Months Ended | Commercial and Industrial |  | Real Estate Mortgage |  | Real Estate Construction Development |  | Agricultural |  | Installment & Other |  | Commercial Lease Financing |  | Unallocated |  | Total
September 30, 2015 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 2,217 |  |  | $ | 1,609 |  |  | $ | 6,360 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 101 |  |  | $ | 11,552 |
Recovery of provision for credit losses | 22 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | (477 | ) |  | 100 |  |  | 194 |  |  | — |  |  | 177 |  |  | (23 | )
Charge-offs | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (4 | )
Recoveries | 10 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |
Net charge-offs | 8 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 44 |
Ending balance | $ | 2,247 |  |  | $ | 1,575 |  |  | $ | 5,912 |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 1,013 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 276 |  |  | $ | 11,573 |
Period-end amount allocated to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment | 1,019 |  |  | 672 |  |  | 143 |  |  | — |  |  | 585 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,419 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,228 |  |  | 903 |  |  | 5,769 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 428 |  |  | — |  |  | 276 |  |  | 9,154 |
Ending balance | $ | 2,247 |  |  | $ | 1,575 |  |  | $ | 5,912 |  |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | 1,013 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 276 |  |  | $ | 11,573 |

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Three Months Ended | Commercial and Industrial |  | Real Estate Mortgage |  | Real Estate Construction Development |  | Agricultural |  | Installment & Other |  | Commercial Lease Financing |  | Unallocated |  | Total
September 30, 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 1,396 |  |  | $ | 1,688 |  |  | $ | 6,452 |  |  | $ | 494 |  |  | $ | 288 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 730 |  |  | $ | 11,048 |
Provision for credit losses | 149 |  |  | 106 |  |  | (505 | ) |  | 16 |  |  | 88 |  |  | — |  |  | 185 |  |  | 39 |
Charge-offs | (93 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (97 | )
Recoveries | 9 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 125 |
Net charge-offs | (84 | ) |  | 5 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 28 |
Ending balance | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 1,799 |  |  | $ | 6,045 |  |  | $ | 512 |  |  | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 11,115 |
Period-end amount allocated to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans individually evaluated for impairment | 47 |  |  | 670 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 719 |
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,414 |  |  | 1,129 |  |  | 6,045 |  |  | 512 |  |  | 385 |  |  | — |  |  | 911 |  |  | 10,396 |
Ending balance | $ | 1,461 |  |  | $ | 1,799 |  |  | $ | 6,045 |  |  | $ | 512 |  |  | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 911 |  |  | $ | 11,115 |

The following summarizes information with respect to the loan balances at September 30, 2015 and 2014.

| September 30, 2015 |  | September 30, 2014
| Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | Total Loans |  | Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  | Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  | Total Loans
(in 000's) |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and Business Loans | $ | 1,725 |  |  | $ | 60,923 |  |  | $ | 62,648 |  |  | $ | 967 |  |  | $ | 66,398 |  |  | $ | 67,365 |
Government Program Loans | 348 |  |  | 1,268 |  |  | 1,616 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 1,919 |  |  | 1,960 |
Total Commercial and Industrial | 2,073 |  |  | 62,191 |  |  | 64,264 |  |  | 1,008 |  |  | 68,317 |  |  | 69,325 |
Commercial Real Estate Loans | 1,279 |  |  | 163,786 |  |  | 165,065 |  |  | 3,243 |  |  | 151,166 |  |  | 154,409 |
Residential Mortgage Loans | 3,835 |  |  | 68,617 |  |  | 72,452 |  |  | 4,360 |  |  | 57,359 |  |  | 61,719 |
Home Improvement and Home Equity Loans | — |  |  | 960 |  |  | 960 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,186 |  |  | 1,186 |
Total Real Estate Mortgage | 5,114 |  |  | 233,363 |  |  | 238,477 |  |  | 7,603 |  |  | 209,711 |  |  | 217,314 |
Real Estate Construction and Development Loans | 6,119 |  |  | 144,769 |  |  | 150,888 |  |  | 5,695 |  |  | 110,888 |  |  | 116,583 |
Agricultural Loans | 20 |  |  | 43,005 |  |  | 43,025 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 32,835 |  |  | 32,870 |
Installment Loans | 1,105 |  |  | 17,942 |  |  | 19,047 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 11,299 |  |  | 11,344 |
Total Loans | $ | 14,431 |  |  | $ | 501,270 |  |  | $ | 515,701 |  |  | $ | 14,386 |  |  | $ | 433,050 |  |  | $ | 447,436 |

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4. | Deposits

Deposits include the following:

(in 000's) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Noninterest-bearing deposits | $ | 258,678 |  |  | $ | 215,439 |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |
NOW and money market accounts | 221,917 |  |  | 211,290 |
Savings accounts | 64,865 |  |  | 60,499 |
Time deposits: |  |  |  |  |
Under $250,000 | 60,147 |  |  | 65,844 |
$250,000 and over | 11,028 |  |  | 12,301 |
Total interest-bearing deposits | 357,957 |  |  | 349,934 |
Total deposits | $ | 616,635 |  |  | $ | 565,373 |
Total brokered deposits included in time deposits above | $ | 9,583 |  |  | $ | 11,480 |

5. | Short-term Borrowings/Other Borrowings

At September 30, 2015, the Company had collateralized lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco totaling $302,568,000, as well as Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) lines of credit totaling $3,098,000. At September 30, 2015, the Company had an uncollateralized line of credit with Pacific Coast Bankers Bank ("PCBB") totaling $10,000,000 and a Fed Funds line of $20,000,000 with Zions First National Bank. All lines of credit are on an “as available” basis and can be revoked by the grantor at any time. These lines of credit have interest rates that are generally tied to the Federal Funds rate or are indexed to short-term U.S. Treasury rates or LIBOR. FHLB advances are collateralized by the Company’s stock in the FHLB, investment securities, and certain qualifying mortgage loans. As of September 30, 2015, $3,280,000 in investment securities at FHLB were pledged as collateral for FHLB advances. Additionally, $429,015,000 in secured and unsecured loans were pledged at September 30, 2015, as collateral for borrowing lines with the Federal Reserve Bank totaling $302,568,000. At September 30, 2015, the Company had no outstanding borrowings.
At December 31, 2014, the Company had collateralized lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco totaling $286,993,000, as well as Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) lines of credit totaling $5,814,000. At December 31, 2014, the Company had an uncollateralized line of credit with Pacific Coast Bankers Bank ("PCBB") totaling $10,000,000. These lines of credit generally have interest rates tied to the Federal Funds rate or are indexed to short-term U.S. Treasury rates or LIBOR. FHLB advances are collateralized by the Company’s stock in the FHLB, investment securities, and certain qualifying mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2014, $6,106,000 in investment securities at FHLB were pledged as collateral for FHLB advances. Additionally, $406,358,000 in secured and unsecured loans were pledged at December 31, 2014, as collateral for used and unused borrowing lines with the Federal Reserve Bank totaling $286,993,000. All lines of credit are on an “as available” basis and can be revoked by the grantor at any time. At December 31, 2014, the Company had no outstanding borrowings.

6. | Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures

| Nine months ended September 30,
(in 000's) | 2015 |  | 2014
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 917 |  |  | $ | 1,821 |
Income taxes | $ | 1,960 |  |  | $ | — |
Noncash investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Loans transferred to foreclosed assets | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 1,065 |
Sale of limited partnership interest financed | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,000 |
Unrealized loss on securities | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 86 |

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7. | Common Stock Dividend

On September 22, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a one-percent (1%) stock dividend on the Company’s outstanding common stock. Based upon the number of outstanding common shares on the record date of October 5, 2015, 157,357 additional shares were issued to shareholders on October 16, 2015. Because the stock dividend was considered a “small stock dividend,” approximately $805,639 was transferred from retained earnings to common stock based upon the $5.12 closing price of the Company’s common stock on the declaration date of September 22, 2015. There were no fractional shares paid. Except for earnings-per-share calculations, shares issued for the stock dividend have been treated prospectively for financial reporting purposes. For purposes of earnings per share calculations, the Company’s weighted average shares outstanding and potentially dilutive shares used in the computation of earnings per share have been restated after giving retroactive effect to a 1% stock dividend to shareholders for all periods presented.
During the first quarter of 2015, the Company's Board of Director's issued a one-percent (1%) stock dividend on the Company's outstanding common stock. Approximately $828,327 was transferred from retained earnings to common stock and 154,249 additional shares were issued to shareholders. For purposes of earnings per share calculations, the Company’s weighted average shares outstanding and potentially dilutive shares used in the computation of earnings per share have been restated after giving retroactive effect to a 1% stock dividend to shareholders for all periods presented.
During the second quarter of 2015, the Company's Board of Director's issued a one-percent (1%) stock dividend on the Company's outstanding common stock. Approximately $800,777 was transferred from retained earnings to common stock and 155,796 additional shares were issued to shareholders. For purposes of earnings per share calculations, the Company’s weighted average shares outstanding and potentially dilutive shares used in the computation of earnings per share have been restated after giving retroactive effect to a 1% stock dividend to shareholders for all periods presented.

8. | Net Income per Common Share

The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerator and the denominator of the basic EPS computation with the numerator and the denominator of the diluted EPS computation:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net income (000's) | $ | 1,886 |  |  | $ | 1,703 |  |  | $ | 5,177 |  |  | $ | 4,659 |
Weighted average shares issued | 15,892,488 |  |  | 15,881,387 |  |  | 15,892,488 |  |  | 15,867,346 |
Add: dilutive effect of stock options | 2,044 |  |  | 5,010 |  |  | 1,956 |  |  | 6,846 |
Weighted average shares outstanding adjusted for potential dilution | 15,894,532 |  |  | 15,886,397 |  |  | 15,894,444 |  |  | 15,874,192 |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.11 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |
Anti-dilutive stock options excluded from earnings per share calculation | 110,000 |  |  | 142,000 |  |  | 121,000 |  |  | 142,000 |

9. | Taxes on Income

The Company periodically reviews its tax positions under the accounting standards related to uncertainty in income taxes, which defines the criteria that an individual tax position would have to meet for some or all of the income tax benefit to be recognized in a taxable entity’s financial statements. Under the guidelines, an entity should recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position if it determines that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on examination. The term “more likely than not” means a likelihood of more than 50 percent. In assessing whether the more-likely-than-not criterion is met, the entity should assume that the tax position will be reviewed by the applicable taxing authority and all available information is known to the taxing authority.
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The Company periodically evaluates its deferred tax assets to determine whether a valuation allowance is required based upon a determination that some or all of the deferred assets may not be ultimately realized. At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had no recorded valuation allowance.
The Company and its subsidiary file income tax returns in the U.S federal jurisdiction, and several states within the U.S. There are no filings in foreign jurisdictions. During 2014, the Company began the process to amend its California state tax returns for the years 2009 through 2012 to file a combined report on a unitary basis with the Company and USB Investment Trust. The amended returns for 2009 and 2010 were filed in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The amended returns for 2011 and 2012 will be filed during 2016 once the Franchise Tax Board accepts the 2009 and 2010 amended returns. The Company's policy is to recognize any interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

10. | Junior Subordinated Debt/Trust Preferred Securities

Effective September 30, 2009 and beginning with the quarterly interest payment due October 1, 2009, the Company elected to defer interest payments on the Company's $15.0 million of junior subordinated debentures relating to its trust preferred securities. The terms of the debentures and trust indentures allow for the Company to defer interest payments for up to 20 consecutive quarters without default or penalty. During the period that the interest deferrals were elected, the Company continued to record interest expense associated with the debentures. As of June 30, 2014, the Company ended the extension period, paid all accrued and unpaid interest, and is currently making quarterly interest payments. The Company may redeem the junior subordinated debentures at anytime at par.
During August 2015, the Bank purchased $3.0 million of the Company's junior subordinated debentures related to the Company's trust preferred securities at a fair value discount of 40%. Subsequently, in September 2015, the Company purchased those shares from the Bank and canceled $3.0 million in par value of the junior subordinated debentures, realizing a $78,000 gain on redemption. The contractual principal balance of the Company's debentures relating to its trust preferred securities is $12.0 million as of September 30, 2015.
The fair value guidance generally permits the measurement of selected eligible financial instruments at fair value at specified election dates. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company elected the fair value option for its junior subordinated debt issued under USB Capital Trust II. The Company believes the election of fair value accounting for the junior subordinated debentures better reflects the true economic value of the debt instrument on the balance sheet. The rate paid on the junior subordinated debt issued under USB Capital Trust II is 3-month LIBOR plus 129 basis points, and is adjusted quarterly.
At September 30, 2015 the Company performed a fair value measurement analysis on its junior subordinated debt using a cash flow model approach to determine the present value of those cash flows. The cash flow model utilizes the forward 3-month LIBOR curve to estimate future quarterly interest payments due over the thirty-year life of the debt instrument. These cash flows were discounted at a rate which incorporates a current market rate for similar-term debt instruments, adjusted for additional credit and liquidity risks associated with the junior subordinated debt. We believe the 6.90% discount rate used represents what a market participant would consider under the circumstances based on current market assumptions. At September 30, 2015, the total cumulative gain recorded on the debt is $4,632,000.
The fair value calculation performed at September 30, 2015 resulted in a pretax gain adjustment of $346,000 ($204,000, net of tax) for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to a pretax loss adjustment of $34,000 ($20,000, net of tax) for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Fair value gains and losses are reflected as a component of noninterest income on the consolidated statement of income.
The fair value calculation performed at September 30, 2015 resulted in a pretax gain adjustment of $148,000 ($86,000, net of tax) for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, compared to a pretax gain adjustment of $95,000 ($56,000, net of tax) for the quarter ended September 30, 2014.

11. | Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure

The following summary disclosures are made in accordance with the guidance provided by ASC Topic 825, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (formerly Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107, Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments), which requires the disclosure of fair value information about both on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments where it is practicable to estimate that value.
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Generally accepted accounting guidance clarifies the definition of fair value, describes methods used to appropriately measure fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and expands fair value disclosure requirements. This guidance applies whenever other accounting pronouncements require or permit fair value measurements.
The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels (Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3). Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets (as defined) for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk).
The table below is a summary of fair value estimates for financial instruments and the level of the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurements are categorized at the periods indicated:

September 30, 2015
(in 000's) | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 116,388 |  |  | $ | 116,388 |  |  | $ | 116,388 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing deposits | 1,526 |  |  | 1,526 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,526 |  |  | — |
Investment securities | 34,423 |  |  | 34,423 |  |  | 3,847 |  |  | 30,576 |  |  | — |
Loans | 504,273 |  |  | 516,769 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 516,769 |
Accrued interest receivable | 2,172 |  |  | 2,172 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,172 |  |  | — |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing | 258,678 |  |  | 258,678 |  |  | 258,678 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
NOW and money market | 221,917 |  |  | 221,917 |  |  | 221,917 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Savings | 64,865 |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | 64,865 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Time deposits | 71,175 |  |  | 71,170 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 71,170 |
Total deposits | 616,635 |  |  | 616,630 |  |  | 545,460 |  |  |  |  |  | 71,170 |
Junior subordinated debt | 7,880 |  |  | 7,880 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,880 |
Accrued interest payable | 30 |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |

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December 31, 2014
(in 000's) | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1 |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2 |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 103,577 |  |  | $ | 103,577 |  |  | $ | 103,577 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest-bearing deposits | 1,522 |  |  | 1,522 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,522 |  |  | — |
Investment securities | 48,301 |  |  | 48,301 |  |  | 3,823 |  |  | 44,478 |  |  | — |
Loans | 446,824 |  |  | 441,186 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 441,186 |
Accrued interest receivable | 1,927 |  |  | 1,927 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,927 |  |  | — |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing | 215,439 |  |  | 215,439 |  |  | 215,439 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
NOW and money market | 211,290 |  |  | 211,290 |  |  | 211,290 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Savings | 60,499 |  |  | 60,499 |  |  | 60,499 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Time deposits | 78,145 |  |  | 78,239 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78,239 |
Total deposits | 565,373 |  |  | 565,467 |  |  | 487,228 |  |  | — |  |  | 78,239 |
Junior subordinated debt | 10,115 |  |  | 10,115 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,115 |
Accrued interest payable | 40 |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |  |  | 40 |  |  | — |

The Company performs fair value measurements on certain assets and liabilities as the result of the application of current accounting guidelines. Some fair value measurements, such as available-for-sale securities (AFS) and junior subordinated debt are performed on a recurring basis, while others, such as impairment of loans, other real estate owned, goodwill and other intangibles, are performed on a nonrecurring basis.
The Company’s Level 1 financial assets consist of money market funds and highly liquid mutual funds for which fair values are based on quoted market prices. The Company’s Level 2 financial assets include highly liquid debt instruments of U.S. government agencies, collateralized mortgage obligations, and debt obligations of states and political subdivisions, whose fair values are obtained from readily-available pricing sources for the identical or similar underlying security that may, or may not, be actively traded. The Company’s Level 3 financial assets include certain impaired loans, other real estate owned, goodwill, and intangible assets where the assumptions may be made by us or third parties about assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. From time to time, the Company recognizes transfers between Level 1, 2, and 3 when a change in circumstances warrants a transfer. There were no significant transfers in or out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements during the three and nine month period s ended September 30, 2015.
The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating the fair values of financial instruments:
Cash and Cash Equivalents - The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents approximate their estimated fair values.
Interest-bearing Deposits – Interest bearing deposits in other banks consist of fixed-rate certificates of deposits. Accordingly, fair value has been estimated based upon interest rates currently being offered on deposits with similar characteristics and maturities.
Investments – Available for sale securities are valued based upon open-market price quotes obtained from reputable third-party brokers that actively make a market in those securities. Market pricing is based upon specific CUSIP identification for each individual security. To the extent there are observable prices in the market, the mid-point of the bid/ask price is used to determine fair value of individual securities. If that data is not available for the last 30 days, a Level 2-type matrix pricing approach based on comparable securities in the market is utilized. Level-2 pricing may include using a forward spread from the last observable trade or may use a proxy bond like a TBA mortgage to come up with a price for the security being valued. Changes in fair market value are recorded through other comprehensive loss as the securities are available for sale.
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Loans - Fair values of variable rate loans, which reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, are based on carrying values adjusted for credit risk. Fair values for all other loans, except impaired loans, are estimated using discounted cash flows over their remaining maturities, using interest rates at which similar loans would currently be offered to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. The allowance for loan loss is considered to be a reasonable estimate of loan discount for credit quality concerns.
Impaired Loans - Fair value measurements for collateral dependent impaired loans are performed pursuant to authoritative accounting guidance and are based upon either collateral values supported by appraisals and observed market prices. Collateral dependent loans are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral. Changes are recorded directly as an adjustment to current earnings.
Other Real Estate Owned - Nonrecurring adjustments to certain commercial and residential real estate properties classified as other real estate owned (OREO) are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals of the property, resulting in a Level 3 classification. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized.
Deposits – Fair values for transaction and savings accounts are equal to the respective amounts payable on demand (i.e., carrying amounts). Fair values of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit were estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities.
Junior Subordinated Debt – The fair value of the junior subordinated debt was determined based upon a discounted cash flows model utilizing observable market rates and credit characteristics for similar debt instruments. In its analysis, the Company used characteristics that market participants generally use, and considered factors specific to (a) the liability, (b) the principal (or most advantageous) market for the liability, and (c) market participants with whom the reporting entity would transact in that market. Cash flows are discounted at a rate which incorporates a current market rate for similar-term debt instruments, adjusted for credit and liquidity risks associated with similar junior subordinated debt and circumstances unique to the Company. The Company believes that the subjective nature of theses inputs, due primarily to the current economic environment, require the junior subordinated debt to be classified as a Level 3 fair value.
Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable - The carrying value of these instruments is a reasonable estimate of fair value.
Off-Balance Sheet Instruments - Off-balance sheet instruments consist of commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and derivative contracts. Fair values of commitments to extend credit are estimated using the interest rate currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present counterparties’ credit standing. There was no material difference between the contractual amount and the estimated fair value of commitments to extend credit at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
Fair values of standby letters of credit are based on fees currently charged for similar agreements. The fair value of commitments generally approximates the fees received from the customer for issuing such commitments. These fees are not material to the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and results of operations.
The following table provides a description of the valuation technique, unobservable input, and qualitative information about the unobservable inputs for the Company’s assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 and measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2015 and 2014:

September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Financial Instrument | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Weighted Average |  | Financial Instrument | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Weighted Average
Junior Subordinated Debt | Discounted cash flow | Discount Rate | 6.9% |  | Junior Subordinated Debt | Discounted cash flow | Discount Rate | 6.87%

Management believes that the credit risk adjusted spread utilized in the fair value measurement of the junior subordinated debentures carried at fair value is indicative of the nonperformance risk premium a willing market participant would require under current market conditions, that is, the inactive market. Management attributes the change in fair value of the junior subordinated debentures during the period to market changes in the nonperformance expectations and pricing of this type of debt, and not as a result of changes to our entity-specific credit risk. The narrowing of the credit risk adjusted spread above the Company’s contractual spreads has primarily contributed to the negative fair value adjustments. Generally, an increase in the
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credit risk adjusted spread and/or a decrease in the three month LIBOR swap curve will result in positive fair value adjustments (and decrease the fair value measurement). Conversely, a decrease in the credit risk adjusted spread and/or an increase in the three month LIBOR swap curve will result in negative fair value adjustments (and increase the fair value measurement).
The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2015 (in 000’s):

Description of Assets | September 30, 2015 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
AFS Securities (2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | $ | 10,602 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,602 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government collateralized mortgage obligations | 19,974 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,974 |  |  | — |
Mutual Funds | 3,847 |  |  | 3,847 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total AFS securities | $ | 34,423 |  |  | $ | 3,847 |  |  | $ | 30,576 |  |  | $ | — |
Impaired loans (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate mortgage | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
RE construction & development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Agricultural | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Installment/Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total impaired loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Other real estate owned (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 34,423 |  |  | $ | 3,847 |  |  | $ | 30,576 |  |  | $ | — |

Description of Liabilities | September 30, 2015 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Junior subordinated debt (2) | $ | 7,880 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 7,880 |
Total | $ | 7,880 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 7,880 |

(1)Nonrecurring
(2)Recurring
The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2014 (in 000’s):
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Description of Assets | December 31, 2014 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
AFS Securities (2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | $ | 12,496 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,496 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government collateralized mortgage obligations | 31,982 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,982 |  |  | — |
Mutual Funds | 3,823 |  |  | 3,823 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total AFS securities | 48,301 |  |  | 3,823 |  |  | 44,478 |  |  | $ | — |
Impaired Loans (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate mortgage | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42 |
RE construction & development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Agricultural | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Installment/Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total impaired loans | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42 |
Other real estate owned (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 48,343 |  |  | $ | 3,823 |  |  | $ | 44,478 |  |  | $ | 42 |

Description of Liabilities | December 31, 2014 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Junior subordinated debt (2) | $ | 10,115 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,115 |
Total | $ | 10,115 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,115 |

(1)Nonrecurring
(2)Recurring
The Company recorded a $188,000 write-down on other real estate owned during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and zero for the same period ended 2014.
The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for the Company's assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2014. The Company had no assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2015 (in 000's).

December 31, 2014
Financial Instrument | Fair Value | Valuation Technique | Unobservable Input | Range, Weighted Average
Impaired Loans: |  |  |  |
Real estate mortgage | 42 |  | Sales Comparison Approach | Adjustment for difference between comparable sales | 1%-16%, 13.2%

The following tables provide a reconciliation of assets and liabilities at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (in 000’s):
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| Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
Reconciliation of Liabilities: | Junior Subordinated Debt |  | Junior Subordinated Debt |  | Junior Subordinated Debt |  | Junior Subordinated Debt
Beginning balance | $ | 10,238 |  |  | $ | 10,115 |  |  | $ | 11,532 |  |  | $ | 11,125 |
Total gains (losses) included in earnings | 148 |  |  | 346 |  |  | 95 |  |  | (34 | )
Canceled debt | (1,122 | ) |  | (1,122 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Capitalized interest | (1,384 | ) |  | (1,459 | ) |  | (1,390 | ) |  | (1,112 | )
Ending balance | $ | 7,880 |  |  | $ | 7,880 |  |  | $ | 10,047 |  |  | $ | 10,047 |
The amount of total gains (losses) for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to liabilities still held at the reporting date | $ | 148 |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | (34 | )

12. | Goodwill and Intangible Assets

At September 30, 2015, the Company had goodwill in the amount of $4,488,000 in connection with various business combinations and purchases. This amount was unchanged from the balance of $4,488,000 at December 31, 2014. While goodwill is not amortized, the Company does conduct periodic impairment analysis on goodwill at least annually or more often as conditions require.
Goodwill: The largest component of goodwill is related to the Legacy Bank merger (Campbell reporting unit) completed during February 2007 and totaled approximately $2.9 million at September 30, 2015. The Company completed a "Step 0" analysis for the Campbell reporting unit as of September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014, with no goodwill impairment.
Under the Step 0 analysis, the Company has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. Determining the fair value involves a significant amount of judgment, including estimates of changes in revenue growth, changes is discount rates, competitive forces within the industry, and other specific industry and market valuation conditions. Based on the results of the Step 0 impairment analysis at September 30, 2015, the Company concluded that that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds it carrying value. Therefore, goodwill was not impaired.
Core Deposit Intangibles: The core deposit intangible asset related to the Legacy Bank merger, which totaled $3.0 million at the time of merger, was amortized over an estimated life of approximately seven years. At September 30, 2015, there was no remaining carrying value of the core deposit intangible related to the Legacy Bank merger. The Company recognized no amortization expense related to the Campbell operating unit during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The Company recognized $62,000 in amortization expense related to the Campbell operating unit during the nine months ended September 30, 2014. At September 30, 2015, there was no remaining carrying value of core deposit intangible related to the Taft branch acquisitions completed in April 2004.
The Company did not record an impairment loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 or September 30, 2014.

13. | Subsequent Events

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Unrecognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date. Management has reviewed events occurring through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.
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Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Certain matters discussed or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report of Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following factors: i) competitive pressures in the banking industry and changes in the regulatory environment; ii) exposure to changes in the interest rate environment and the resulting impact on the Company’s interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities; iii) decline in the health of the economy nationally or regionally which could reduce the demand for loans or reduce the value of real estate collateral securing most of the Company’s loans; iv) credit quality deterioration that could cause an increase in the provision for loan losses; v) Asset/Liability matching risks and liquidity risks; volatility and devaluation in the securities markets, vi) failure to comply with the regulatory agreements under which the Company is subject, vii) expected cost savings from recent acquisitions are not realized, and, viii) potential impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets. Therefore, the information set forth therein should be carefully considered when evaluating the business prospects of the Company. For additional information concerning risks and uncertainties related to the Company and its operations, please refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
United Security Bancshares (the “Company” or “Holding Company") is a California corporation incorporated during March of 2001 and is registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. United Security Bank (the “Bank”) is a wholly-owned bank subsidiary of the Company and was formed in 1987. References to the Company are references to United Security Bancshares (including the Bank). References to the Bank are to United Security Bank, while references to the Holding Company are to the parent-only, United Security Bancshares. The Company currently has eleven banking branches, which provide financial services in Fresno, Madera, Kern, and Santa Clara counties in the state of California.
On March 23, 2010, United Security Bancshares (the "Company") and its wholly owned subsidiary, United Security Bank (the "Bank"), entered into a formal written agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (the “Federal Reserve”) as a result of a regulatory examination that was conducted by the Federal Reserve and the California Department of Financial Institutions (the “DFI”) in June 2009. That examination found significant increases in nonperforming assets, both classified loans and OREO, during 2008 and 2009, and heightened concerns about the Bank’s use of brokered and other wholesale funding sources to fund loan growth, which created increased risk to equity capital and potential volatility in earnings. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company and the Bank agreed, among other things: to maintain a sound process for determining, documenting, and recording an adequate allowance for loan and lease losses; to improve the management of the Bank's liquidity position and funds management policies; to maintain sufficient capital at the Company and Bank level; and to improve the Bank’s earnings and overall condition. The Company and Bank also agreed not to increase or guarantee any debt, purchase or redeem any shares of stock, declare or pay any cash dividends, or pay interest on the Company's junior subordinated debt or trust preferred securities, without prior written approval from the Federal Reserve. The Company generates no revenue of its own and, as such, relies on dividends from the Bank to pay its operating expenses and interest payments on the Company’s junior subordinated debt. Effective November 19, 2014, the Federal Reserve terminated the Agreement with the Bank and the Company and replaced it with an informal supervisory agreement that requires, among other things, obtaining written approval from the Federal Reserve prior to the payment of dividends from the Bank to the Company or the payment of dividends by the Company or interest on the Company’s junior subordinated debt. The inability of the Bank to pay cash dividends to the Company may hinder the Company’s ability to meet its ongoing operating obligations. (For more information on the Agreement see the “Regulatory Matters” section included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.)
On May 20, 2010, the DFI (now known as the Department of Business Oversight (the “DBO”)) issued a formal written order (the “Order”) pursuant to a consent agreement with the Bank as a result of the same June 2009 joint regulatory examination. The terms of the Order were essentially similar to the Federal Reserve’s Agreement, except for a few additional requirements. On September 24, 2013, the Bank entered into an informal Memorandum of Understanding (the “MOU”) with the DBO and on October 15, 2013, the Order was terminated. The Order and the MOU require the Bank to maintain a ratio of tangible shareholder’s equity to total tangible assets equal to or greater than 9.0% and also requires the DBO’s approval for the Bank to pay a dividend to the Company. Accordingly, reflecting the Company’s and the Bank’s improved financial condition and performance, as of November 19, 2014, the Bank and the Company have been relieved of all formal regulatory agreements. Some of the governance and procedures established by the Agreement and the Order remain in place, including submission of certain plans and reports to the Federal Reserve and DBO, the Bank’s obligation to maintain a 9.0% tangible shareholder’s equity ratio, and the requirement to seek approvals from the Federal Reserve and the DBO for either the Bank or the Company to pay dividends and for the Company to pay interest on its outstanding junior subordinated debt. While no assurances can be
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given as to future regulatory approvals, over the last five quarters the DBO and the Federal Reserve have been approving the Bank's payment of dividends to the Company to cover the Company's operating expenses and its interest payments and the Company's payment of quarterly interest on the junior subordinated debt. The Bank is currently in full compliance with the requirements of the MOU including its deadlines. (For more information on the Agreement see the “Regulatory Matters” section included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.)
Trends Affecting Results of Operations and Financial Position
The Company’s overall operations are impacted by a number of factors, including not only interest rates and margin spreads, which impact the results of operations, but also the composition of the Company’s balance sheet. One of the primary strategic goals of the Company is to maintain a mix of assets that will generate a reasonable rate of return without undue risk, and to finance those assets with a low-cost and stable source of funds. Liquidity and capital resources must also be considered in the planning process to mitigate risk and allow for growth. Net interest income has increase d between the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, totaling $19,384,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 as compared to $17,510,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The increase in net interest income between 2014 and 2015 was primarily the result of reinvestment of low yielding overnight investments into the loan portfolio. Net interest income has increase d between the quarters ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, totaling $6,633,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2015 as compared to $6,129,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2014. The increase in net interest income between 2014 and 2015 was primarily the result of growth in the loan portfolio.
Average interest-earning assets increase d approximately $27,424,000 between the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. Components of the $27,424,000 increase in average earning assets between 2014 and 2015 included an increase of $74,116,000 in loans, partially offset by a decrease of $40,844,000 in overnight funds sold to the Federal Reserve Bank. During the past year, the Company’s cost of interest-bearing liabilities have continued to decline, with the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities dropping from 0.38% during the nine months ended September 30, 2014, to 0.35% during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.
The following table summarizes the year-to-date averages of the components of interest-earning assets as a percentage of total interest-earning assets and the components of interest-bearing liabilities as a percentage of total interest-bearing liabilities:

| YTD Average 9/30/15 |  | YTD Average 12/31/14 |  | YTD Average 9/30/14
Loans | 80.10% |  | 71.78% |  | 71.16%
Investment securities available for sale | 7.11% |  | 8.36% |  | 8.45%
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 0.25% |  | 0.26% |  | 0.25%
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB | 12.54% |  | 19.60% |  | 20.14%
Total interest-earning assets | 100.00% |  | 100.00% |  | 100.00%
NOW accounts | 21.91% |  | 17.99% |  | 17.57%
Money market accounts | 37.53% |  | 40.86% |  | 40.71%
Savings accounts | 16.91% |  | 14.99% |  | 14.57%
Time deposits | 20.90% |  | 23.12% |  | 24.00%
Subordinated debentures | 2.75% |  | 3.04% |  | 3.15%
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 100.00% |  | 100.00% |  | 100.00%

Since the Bank primarily conducts banking operations in California’s Central Valley, its operations and cash flows are subject to changes in the economic condition of the Central Valley. Our business results are dependent in large part upon the business activity, population, income levels, deposits and real estate activity in the Central Valley, and declines in economic conditions can have adverse material effects upon the Bank. In addition, the Central Valley remains largely dependent on agriculture. A downturn in agriculture and agricultural related business could indirectly and adversely affect the Company as many borrowers and customers are involved in, or are impacted to some extent, by the agricultural industry. The state of California is currently experiencing the worst drought in recorded history, and, of course, it is not possible to predict the potential impact on businesses and consumers located in the Company's market areas or the duration of the drought.
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The residential real estate markets in the five county region from Merced to Kern has strengthened since 2013 and that trend has continued into the third quarter of 2015. The severe declines in residential construction and home prices that began in 2008 have ended and home prices are now rising on a year-over-year basis. The sustained period of double-digit price declines from 2008–2011 adversely impacted the Company’s operations and increased the levels of nonperforming assets, increased expenses related to foreclosed properties, and decreased profit margins. As the Company continues its business development and expansion efforts throughout its market areas, it will also maintain its commitment to the reduction of nonperforming assets and provision of options for borrowers experiencing difficulties. Those options include combinations of rate and term concessions, as well as forbearance agreements with borrowers. Median sales prices and housing start numbers improved in the five county region from Merced to Kern between June 2013 to September 2015. Total nonperforming loans decreased by over $1,565,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, totaling $14,011,000 at September 30, 2015 as compared to $15,576,000 reported at December 31, 2014.
As a result of improvements in the economy, the Company has experienced significant increases in the loan portfolio between 2014 and 2015. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company experienced increases in real estate construction development, real estate mortgage loans, and agricultural loans but experienced decreases in commercial and industrial loans, compared to the same period ended September 30, 2014. Loans increase d $57,782,000 between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015, and increase d $68,265,000 between September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2015. Commercial and industrial loans increase d $1,895,000 between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015 and decrease d $5,061,000 between September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2015. Real estate mortgage loans increase d $23,600,000 between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015, and $21,163,000 between September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2015. The increases in real estate mortgage loans are partially due to residential mortgage loan pools purchased in September 2014 and February 2015. Agricultural loans increase d $11,312,000 between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015 and increase d $10,155,000 between September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2015. Commercial real estate loans (a component of real estate mortgage loans) have remained as a significant portion of total loans over the past year having increased in balance while decreasing slightly as a portion of the total loan portfolio. Commercial real estate loans amounted to 32.01%, 33.78%, and 34.51%, of the total loan portfolio at September 30, 2015, December 31, 2014, and September 30, 2014, respectively. Residential mortgage loans are not generally a large part of the Company’s loan portfolio, but some residential mortgage loans have been made over the past several years to facilitate take-out loans for construction borrowers when they were not able to obtain permanent financing elsewhere. These loans are generally 30-year amortizing loans with maturities of between three and five years. Residential mortgages totaled $72,452,000 or 14.05% of the portfolio at September 30, 2015, $59,095,000, or 12.91% of the portfolio at December 31, 2014, and $61,719,000 or 13.79% of the portfolio at September 30, 2014. The Company held no loan participation purchases at September 30, 2014, December 31, 2014 or September 30, 2015. Loan participations sold decreased from $6,959,000, or 1.56%, of the portfolio at September 30, 2014, to $6,230,000, or 1.4% of the portfolio, at December 31, 2014, and increased to $10,612,000, or 2.1% of the portfolio, at September 30, 2015.
Although market rates of interest are at historically low levels, the Company’s disciplined deposit pricing efforts have helped maintain adequate margins. The Company’s net interest margin increase d to 4.25% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, when compared to 4.01% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The net interest margin has improved due to growth of the loan portfolio, which is a higher yielding asset, compared to overnight investments with the Federal Reserve Bank. The Company has successfully sought to mitigate the low-interest rate environment with loan floors included in new and renewed loans when practical. Loans yielded 5.37% during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 5.67% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in the Company’s cost of funds over the past year has mitigated the impact of declining yields on earning assets. The Company’s average cost of funds was 0.35% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 0.38% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Since the Company does not intend to increase its current level of brokered deposits, the level of brokered deposits is expected to remain relatively constant at least in the short-term. Currently CDARs reciprocal deposits are the only brokered deposits in the Company. CDARs reciprocal deposits are preferred by some depositors.
Total noninterest income of $3,914,000 reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 decrease d $219,000 or 5.30% as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Noninterest income continues to be driven by customer service fees, which increased slightly to $2,661,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 as compared to $2,639,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2014. The decrease in noninterest income between the two periods was primarily the result of a one-time $691,000 gain on the sale of a limited investment partnership realized in 2014, partially offset by a $380,000 gain in fair value of financial liability realized in 2015.
Noninterest expense increase d approximately $249,000 or 1.76% between the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2015. The increase experienced during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, was primarily the result of increase s of $114,000 in the net operating cost on OREO and $226,000 in occupancy expense, partially offset by decreases in professional fees and employee salary and benefit expenses.
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On September 22, 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a one-percent (1%) quarterly stock dividend on the Company’s outstanding common stock. The Company believes, given the current uncertainties in the economy and unprecedented declines in real estate valuations in our markets, it is prudent to retain capital in this environment, and better position the Company for future growth opportunities. Based upon the number of outstanding common shares on the record date of October 5, 2015, an additional 157,357 shares were issued to shareholders. For purposes of earnings per share calculations, the Company’s weighted average shares outstanding and potentially dilutive shares used in the computation of earnings per share have been restated after giving retroactive effect to the 1% stock dividends to shareholders for all periods presented.
The Company has sought to maintain a strong, yet conservative balance sheet while continuing to reduce the level of nonperforming assets and improve liquidity during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Total assets increase d approximately $55,230,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, including increase s of $57,449,000 in net loans and $10,701,000 in overnight investments with Federal Reserve Bank, partially offset by a decrease of $13,878,000 in investment securities. Total deposits increase d $51,262,000, including an increase of $43,239,000 in noninterest-bearing deposits and $10,627,000 in NOW and money market accounts, partially offset by decrease s of $6,970,000 in time deposits during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Average loans comprised approximately 80.10% and 71.16% of overall average earning assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014, respectively.
Nonperforming assets, which are primarily related to the real estate loan and other real estate owned portfolio, remained high during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, but decreased $2,886,000 from a balance of $29,586,000 at December 31, 2014 to a balance of $26,700,000 at September 30, 2015. Nonaccrual loans, totaling $8,248,000 at September 30, 2015, decrease d $1,687,000 from the balance of $9,935,000 reported at December 31, 2014. In determining the adequacy of the underlying collateral related to these loans, management monitors trends within specific geographical areas, loan-to-value ratios, appraisals, and other credit issues related to the specific loans. Impaired loans decreased $1,606,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 with a balance of $14,431,000 at September 30, 2015. Other real estate owned through foreclosure decreased to a balance of $12,689,000 at September 30, 2015 as compared to a balance of $14,010,000 at December 31, 2014. Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets decrease d from 4.46% at December 31, 2014 to 3.72% at September 30, 2015.
The following table summarizes various nonperforming components of the loan portfolio, the related allowance for credit losses and provision for credit losses for the periods shown.

(in 000's) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | September 30, 2014
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses during period | $ | 434 |  |  | $ | (845 | ) |  | $ | (101 | )
Allowance as % of nonperforming loans | 82.60 | % |  | 69.15 | % |  | 77.90 | %
Nonperforming loans as % total loans | 2.72 | % |  | 3.40 | % |  | 3.19 | %
Restructured loans as % total loans | 2.39 | % |  | 3.28 | % |  | 1.58 | %

Management continues to monitor economic conditions in the real estate market for signs of further deterioration or improvement which may impact the level of the allowance for loan losses required to cover identified losses in the loan portfolio. Greater focus has been placed on monitoring and reducing the level of problem assets, while working with borrowers to find more options, including loan restructures, to work through these difficult economic times. Restructured loan balances are comprised of 29 loans totaling $12,312,000 at September 30, 2015, compared to 33 loans totaling $15,000,000 at December 31, 2014.
The Company recorded a provision of $434,000 to the allowance for credit losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to a recovery of provision of $101,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Net loan and lease recoveries during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 totaled $368,000 as compared to net recoveries of $228,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The Company charged-off, or had partial charge-offs on, 5 loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 9 loans during the same period ended September 30, 2014, and 13 loans during the year ended December 31, 2014. The annualized percentage net recoveries to average loans were 0.10% and 0.07% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, as compared to net recoveries of 0.15% for the year ended December 31, 2014.
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Deposits increase d by $51,262,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily due to increase s of $43,239,000 experienced in non-interest bearing deposits. The Company continues to maintain a low reliance on brokered deposits, while maintaining sufficient liquidity. Currently, the Company does not utilize wholesale funding sources. Brokered deposits totaled $9,583,000 or 1.55% of total deposits at September 30, 2015, as compared to $11,480,000, or 2.03%, of total deposits at December 31, 2014, and $7,889,000, or 2.43%, of total deposits at September 30, 2014.
The cost of the Company’s subordinated debentures issued by USB Capital Trust II has remained low as market rates have remained low during the first nine months of 2015. With pricing at 3-month-LIBOR plus 129 basis points, the effective cost of the subordinated debt was 1.57% at September 30, 2015, as compared to 1.55% at December 31, 2014. Pursuant to fair value accounting guidance, the Company has recorded $346,000 in pretax fair value gain on its junior subordinated debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, bringing the total cumulative gain recorded on the debt to $4,632,000 at September 30, 2015.
The Company continues to emphasize relationship banking and core deposit growth, and has focused greater attention on its market area of Fresno, Madera, and Kern Counties, as well as Campbell, in Santa Clara County. The San Joaquin Valley and other California markets continue to exhibit weak demand for construction lending and commercial lending from small and medium size businesses, as commercial and residential real estate markets have shown improvements but still remain depressed, compared with prior years.
Results of Operations
On a year-to-date basis, the Company reported net income of $5,177,000 or $0.33 per share ($0.33 diluted) for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $4,659,000 or $0.29 per share ($0.29 diluted) for the same period in 2014. The Company’s return on average assets was 1.01% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 0.94% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The Bank’s return on average equity was 8.10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 7.90% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
For the quarters ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, the Company reported net income of $1,886,000 or $0.12 per share ($0.12 diluted) and $1,703,000 or $0.11 per share ($0.11 diluted), respectively. The Company’s return on average assets was 1.16% for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, compared to 1.00% for the quarter ended September 30, 2014. The Bank’s return on average equity was 9.38% for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, compared to 8.39% for the quarter ended September 30, 2014.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income totaled $19,384,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, representing an increase of $1,874,000, or 10.70%, when compared to the $17,510,000 reported for the same period of the previous year.
The Company’s year-to-date net interest margin, as shown in Table 1, increase d to 4.25% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 from 4.01% for the same period ended September 30, 2014, an increase of 24 basis points (100 basis points = 1%) between the two periods. While average market rates of interest have remained level between the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 (the Prime rate remained at 3.25% during both periods), the Company’s earning asset mix has improved with large increase in loan balances which have positively impacted the net margin between the two periods.
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Table 1. Distribution of Average Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:
Interest rates and Interest Differentials
Nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014

|  |  | 2015 |  |  |  |  |  | 2014 |  |
(dollars in 000's) | Average Balance |  | Interest |  | Yield/Rate (2) |  | Average Balance |  | Interest |  | Yield/Rate (2)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases (1) | $ | 488,885 |  |  | $ | 19,641 |  |  | 5.37 | % |  | $ | 414,769 |  |  | $ | 17,602 |  |  | 5.67 | %
Investment Securities – taxable (3) | 43,375 |  |  | 555 |  |  | 1.71 | % |  | 49,230 |  |  | 688 |  |  | 1.87 | %
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 1,524 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 0.44 | % |  | 1,517 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 0.44 | %
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB | 76,523 |  |  | 138 |  |  | 0.24 | % |  | 117,367 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 0.24 | %
Total interest-earning assets | 610,307 |  |  | $ | 20,339 |  |  | 4.46 | % |  | 582,883 |  |  | $ | 18,505 |  |  | 4.24 | %
Allowance for credit losses | (11,274 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11,085 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | 21,789 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19,982 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment, net | 11,272 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest receivable | 1,554 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,401 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 13,725 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,145 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 40,106 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 45,650 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total average assets | $ | 687,479 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 664,987 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NOW accounts | $ | 79,312 |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | $ | 60,737 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | 0.12 | %
Money market accounts | 135,791 |  |  | 332 |  |  | 0.33 | % |  | 140,782 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 0.35 | %
Savings accounts | 61,204 |  |  | 118 |  |  | 0.26 | % |  | 50,408 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 0.23 | %
Time deposits | 75,617 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 0.44 | % |  | 83,018 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 0.49 | %
Other borrowings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.00 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.00 | %
Junior subordinated debentures | 9,933 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 2.36 | % |  | 10,908 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 2.24 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 361,857 |  |  | $ | 955 |  |  | 0.35 | % |  | 345,853 |  |  | $ | 995 |  |  | 0.38 | %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing checking | 232,122 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 231,853 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest payable | 73 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 7,950 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,355 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities | 602,002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 586,134 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total shareholders' equity | 85,477 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 78,853 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total average liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 687,479 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 664,987 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income as a percentage of average earning assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.46 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.24 | %
Interest expense as a percentage of average earning assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.21 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.23 | %
Net interest margin |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.25 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.01 | %

(1) | Loan amounts include nonaccrual loans, but the related interest income has been included only if collected for the period prior to the loan being placed on a nonaccrual basis. Loan interest income includes loan fees of approximately $60,000 and $338,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

(2) | Interest income/expense is divided by actual number of days in the period times 365 days in the yield calculation

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(3) | Yields on investments securities are calculated based on average amortized cost balances rather than fair value, as changes in fair value are reflected as a component of shareholders' equity.

Interest rates and Interest Differentials
Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 and 2014

|  |  | 2015 |  |  |  |  |  | 2014 |  |
(dollars in thousands) | Average Balance |  | Interest |  | Yield/Rate (2) |  | Average Balance |  | Interest |  | Yield/Rate (2)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases (1) | $ | 500,522 |  |  | $ | 6,728 |  |  | 5.33 | % |  | $ | 435,549 |  |  | $ | 6,187 |  |  | 5.64 | %
Investment Securities – taxable (3) | 36,513 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 1.90 | % |  | 50,599 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 1.78 | %
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 1,526 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.26 | % |  | 1,519 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 0.52 | %
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB | 90,739 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 0.24 | % |  | 104,254 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 0.24 | %
Total interest-earning assets | 629,300 |  |  | $ | 6,959 |  |  | 4.39 | % |  | 591,921 |  |  | $ | 6,479 |  |  | 4.34 | %
Allowance for credit losses | (11,583 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11,132 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | 22,340 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20,629 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment, net | 11,099 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,911 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest receivable | 1,538 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,464 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 13,156 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,173 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 39,660 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44,760 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total average assets | $ | 705,510 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 673,726 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NOW accounts | $ | 78,065 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | $ | 62,216 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | 0.15 | %
Money market accounts | 139,293 |  |  | 117 |  |  | 0.33 | % |  | 143,835 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 0.36 | %
Savings accounts | 63,899 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 0.27 | % |  | 55,627 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 0.29 | %
Time deposits | 73,445 |  |  | 81 |  |  | 0.44 | % |  | 81,108 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 0.47 | %
Other borrowings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.00 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.00 | %
Junior subordinated debentures | 9,528 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 2.42 | % |  | 10,104 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 2.32 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 364,230 |  |  | $ | 326 |  |  | 0.36 | % |  | 352,890 |  |  | $ | 350 |  |  | 0.39 | %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing checking | 245,305 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 230,590 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest payable | 71 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 8,668 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,596 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Liabilities | 618,274 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 593,157 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total shareholders' equity | 87,236 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 80,569 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total average liabilities and shareholders' equity | $ | 705,510 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 673,726 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income as a percentage of average earning assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.39 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.34 | %
Interest expense as a percentage of average earning assets |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.21 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.23 | %
Net interest margin |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.18 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.11 | %

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(1) | Loan amounts include nonaccrual loans, but the related interest income has been included only if collected for the period prior to the loan being placed on a nonaccrual basis. Loan interest income includes loan costs of approximately $42,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2015 and the loan fees of $150,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2014.

(2) | Interest income/expense is divided by actual number of days in the period times 365 days in the yield calculation

(3) | Yields on investments securities are calculated based on average amortized cost balances rather than fair value, as changes in fair value are reflected as a component of shareholders' equity.

Both the Company's net interest income and net interest margin are affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as "volume change." Both are also affected by changes in yields on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as "rate change." The following table sets forth the changes in interest income and interest expense for each major category of interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability, and the amount of change attributable to volume and rate changes for the periods indicated.
Table 2. Rate and Volume Analysis

| Increase (decrease) in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to September 30, 2014
(in 000's) | Total |  | Rate |  | Volume
Increase (decrease) in interest income: |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases | $ | 2,039 |  |  | $ | (977 | ) |  | $ | 3,016 |
Investment securities available for sale | (133 | ) |  | (55 | ) |  | (78 | )
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB | (72 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (74 | )
Total interest income | 1,834 |  |  | (1,030 | ) |  | 2,864 |
Increase (decrease) in interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand accounts | (12 | ) |  | (39 | ) |  | 27 |
Savings and money market accounts | 32 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 20 |
Time deposits | (52 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (26 | )
Other borrowings | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Subordinated debentures | (8 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | (17 | )
Total interest expense | (40 | ) |  | (44 | ) |  | 4 |
Increase in net interest income | $ | 1,874 |  |  | $ | (986 | ) |  | $ | 2,860 |

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, total interest income increase d approximately $1,834,000 or 9.91% as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Earning asset volumes for loans and leases increased $74,116,000 on average. Available for sale investment securities and overnight balances decrease d $5,855,000 and $40,844,000, respectively, between the two periods. The average rates on loans decrease d 30 basis points between the two periods, and the average rate on investment securities decrease d approximately 16 basis points during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 as compared to the same period of 2014.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, total interest expense decrease d approximately $40,000, or 4.02% as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Between those two periods, average interest-bearing liabilities increase d by $16,004,000, while the average rates paid on these liabilities decrease d by 3 basis points.
For the quarter ended September 30, 2015, total interest income increase d $480,000 or 7.41%, as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2014. Comparing those two periods, average interest earning assets increase d $37,379,000, with an increase in loans and leases of $64,973,000, partially offset by a decrease of $13,515,000 on balances held at the Federal Reserve Bank. The average rate on total interest-earning assets increase d 5 basis points, primarily due to an increase in average loans outstanding relative to total loans outstanding. While yields decreased for most interest-earning assets when compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2014, yields on investment securities increased. For the quarter ended September 30, 2015, total interest expense decrease d $24,000 or 6.86% as compared to the quarter ended September 30, 2014, as a result of a 3 basis point decrease on the average rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was 0.36% for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, compared to 0.39% for the same period ended September 30, 2014.
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Provisions for credit losses are determined on the basis of management's periodic credit review of the loan portfolio, consideration of past loan loss experience, current and future economic conditions, and other pertinent factors. Management believes its estimate of the allowance for credit losses adequately covers estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio and, based on the condition of the loan portfolio, management believes the allowance is sufficient to cover risk elements in the loan portfolio. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the provision to the allowance for credit losses was $434,000 as compared to a recovery of provision of $101,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. For the quarter ended September 30, 2015, a recovery of provision of $23,000 was made to the allowance for credit losses, compared to a provision of $39,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2014.
The provision allocated during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 brought the allowance to 2.24% of outstanding loan balances at, as compared to 2.35% of outstanding loan balances at December 31, 2014, and 2.49% at September 30, 2014.
Table 3. Changes in Noninterest Income
The following table sets forth the amount and percentage changes in the categories presented for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:

(in 000's) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 |  | Amount of Change |  | Percent Change
Customer service fees | $ | 2,661 |  |  | $ | 2,639 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | 0.83 | %
Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI | 389 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1.30 | %
Gain (loss) on fair value of financial liability | 346 |  |  | (34 | ) |  | 380 |  |  | (1,117.65 | )%
Gain (loss) on sale of other investment | (23 | ) |  | 691 |  |  | (714 | ) |  | (103.33 | )%
Gain on sale of fixed assets | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | (25 | ) |  | (100.00 | )%
Other | 463 |  |  | 428 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 8.18 | %
Total noninterest income | $ | 3,836 |  |  | $ | 4,133 |  |  | $ | (297 | ) |  | (7.19 | )%

Noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 decrease d $219,000 0 or 5.30% when compared to the same period of 2014. Customer service fees, the primary component of noninterest income, increase d $22,000 or 0.83% between the two periods presented. The decrease in noninterest income of $219,000 between the two periods is primarily the result of a one-time $691,000 gain on the sale of other investment realized during 2014, partially offset by a gain on the fair value of a financial liability recorded in 2015. The change in the fair value of financial liability was primarily caused by fluctuations in the LIBOR yield curve.
Noninterest Expense
The following table sets forth the amount and percentage changes in the categories presented for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:
Table 4. Changes in Noninterest Expense

(in 000's) | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 |  | Amount of Change |  | Percent Change
Salaries and employee benefits | $ | 7,044 |  |  | $ | 7,108 |  |  | $ | (64 | ) |  | (0.90 | )%
Occupancy expense | 3,021 |  |  | 2,795 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 8.09 | %
Data processing | 90 |  |  | 101 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (10.89 | )%
Professional fees | 877 |  |  | 959 |  |  | (82 | ) |  | (8.55 | )%
FDIC/DFI insurance assessments | 705 |  |  | 700 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 0.71 | %
Director fees | 202 |  |  | 176 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 14.77 | %
Amortization of intangibles | — |  |  | 62 |  |  | (62 | ) |  | (100.00 | )%
Correspondent bank service charges | 56 |  |  | 89 |  |  | (33 | ) |  | (37.08 | )%
Loss on California tax credit partnership | 60 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | 75 |  |  | (500.00 | )%
Net cost on operation and sale of OREO | 594 |  |  | 480 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 23.75 | %
Other | 1,755 |  |  | 1,700 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 3.24 | %
Total expense | $ | 14,404 |  |  | $ | 14,155 |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | 1.76 | %

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Noninterest expense increase d $249,000 between the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. The net increase in noninterest expense between the comparative periods is primarily the result of increase s in occupancy expense as well as net costs of operation on OREO, partially offset by decreases in professional fees and salaries and employee benefits.
Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax expense is impacted to some degree by permanent taxable differences between income reported for book purposes and income reported for tax purposes, as well as certain tax credits which are not reflected in the Company’s pretax income or loss shown in the statements of income and comprehensive income. As pretax income or loss amounts become smaller, the impact of these differences become more significant and are reflected as variances in the Company’s effective tax rate for the periods presented. In general, the permanent differences and tax credits affecting tax expense have a positive impact and tend to reduce the effective tax rates shown in the Company’s statements of operations and comprehensive income.
The Company reviews its current tax positions at least quarterly based upon accounting standards related to uncertainty in income taxes which includes the criteria that an individual tax position would have to meet for some or all of the income tax benefit to be recognized in a taxable entity’s financial statements. Under the income tax guidelines, an entity should recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position if it determines that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on examination. The term “more likely than not” means a likelihood of "more than 50 percent.” In assessing whether the more-likely-than-not criterion is met, the entity should assume that the tax position will be reviewed by the applicable taxing authority.
The Company has reviewed all of its tax positions as of September 30, 2015, and has determined that, there are no material amounts that should be recorded under the current income tax accounting guidelines.
Financial Condition
Total assets increase d $55,230,000, or 8.33% to a balance of $718,399,000 at September 30, 2015, from the balance of $663,169,000 at December 31, 2014, and increase d $28,005,000, or 4.06%, from the balance of $690,394,000 at September 30, 2014. Total deposits of $616,635,000 at September 30, 2015, increase d $51,262,000, or 9.07%, from the balance reported at December 31, 2014, and increase d $25,688,000, or 4.35%, from the balance of $590,947,000 reported at September 30, 2014. Cash and cash equivalents increase d $12,811,000, or 12.37%, between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015; net loans increase d $57,449,000, or 12.86%, to a balance of $504,273,000; and investment securities decrease d $13,878,000, or 28.73%, during the first nine months of 2015.
Earning assets averaged approximately $610,307,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $582,883,000 for the same period in 2014. Average interest-bearing liabilities increase d to $361,857,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, from $345,853,000 reported for the comparative period of 2014.
Loans and Leases
The Company's primary business is that of acquiring deposits and making loans, with the loan portfolio representing the largest and most important component of earning assets. Loans totaled $515,701,000 at September 30, 2015, an increase of $57,782,000, or 12.62%, when compared to the balance of $457,919,000 at December 31, 2014, and an increase of $68,265,000, or 15.26%, when compared to the balance of $447,436,000 reported at September 30, 2014. Loans on average increase d $74,116,000, or 17.87%, between the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2015, with loans averaging $488,885,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to $414,769,000 for the same period of 2014.
During the first nine months of 2015, increases were experienced in most loan categories. Real estate construction and real estate mortgage loans increase d $13,730,000, or 10.01%, and $23,600,000, or 10.98%, respectively, during the first nine months of 2015. Agricultural loans increase d $11,312,000, or 35.67% during the same period.
The following table sets forth the amounts of loans outstanding by category at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the category percentages as of those dates, and the net change between the two periods presented.
Table 5. Loans
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| September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  |  |  |
(in 000's) | Dollar Amount |  | % of Loans |  | Dollar Amount |  | % of Loans |  | Net Change |  | % Change
Commercial and industrial | $ | 64,264 |  |  | 12.5 | % |  | $ | 62,369 |  |  | 13.6 | % |  | $ | 1,895 |  |  | 3.04 | %
Real estate – mortgage | 238,477 |  |  | 46.2 | % |  | 214,877 |  |  | 46.9 | % |  | 23,600 |  |  | 10.98 | %
RE construction & development | 150,888 |  |  | 29.3 | % |  | 137,158 |  |  | 30.0 | % |  | 13,730 |  |  | 10.01 | %
Agricultural | 43,025 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 31,713 |  |  | 6.9 | % |  | 11,312 |  |  | 35.67 | %
Installment/other | 19,047 |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 11,802 |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | 7,245 |  |  | 61.39 | %
Total Gross Loans | $ | 515,701 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 457,919 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 57,782 |  |  | 12.62 | %

The overall average yield on the loan portfolio was 5.37% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to 5.67% for the nine months ended September 30, 2014. At September 30, 2015, 41.6% of the Company's loan portfolio consisted of floating rate instruments, as compared to 39.9% of the portfolio at December 31, 2014, with the majority of those tied to the prime rate. Approximately 21.9% or $46,978,000 of the floating rate loans have rate floors at September 30, 2015, making them effectively fixed-rate loans for certain increases in interest rates, and fixed-rate loans for all decreases in interest rates. Approximately $1,263,000 of the $46,978,000 in loans with floors have floor spreads of 100 basis points or more, meaning that interest rates would need to increase more than 1% (or 100 basis points) before the rates on those loans would increase and effectively become floating rate loans again. Of the $46,978,000 in loans which comprise floating rate loans with floors, $1,681,000 will mature in one year or less.
Deposits
Total deposits were $616,635,000 at September 30, 2015, representing an increase of $51,262,000, or 9.07% from the balance of $565,373,000 reported at December 31, 2014, and an increase of $25,688,000, or 4.35% from the balance of $590,947,000 reported at September 30, 2014.
The following table sets forth the amounts of deposits outstanding by category at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and the net change between the two periods presented.
Table 6. Deposits

(in 000's) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | Net Change |  | Percentage Change
Noninterest bearing deposits | $ | 258,678 |  |  | $ | 215,439 |  |  | $ | 43,239 |  |  | 20.07 | %
Interest bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
NOW and money market accounts | 221,917 |  |  | 211,290 |  |  | 10,627 |  |  | 5.03 | %
Savings accounts | 64,865 |  |  | 60,499 |  |  | 4,366 |  |  | 7.22 | %
Time deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Under $250,000 | 60,147 |  |  | 65,844 |  |  | (5,697 | ) |  | -8.65 | %
$250,000 and over | 11,028 |  |  | 12,301 |  |  | (1,273 | ) |  | -10.35 | %
Total interest bearing deposits | 357,957 |  |  | 349,934 |  |  | 8,023 |  |  | 2.29 | %
Total deposits | $ | 616,635 |  |  | $ | 565,373 |  |  | $ | 51,262 |  |  | 9.07 | %

The Company's deposit base consists of two major components represented by noninterest bearing (demand) deposits and interest bearing deposits, totaling $258,678,000 and $357,957,000 at September 30, 2015, respectively. Interest bearing deposits consist of time certificates, NOW and money market accounts, and savings deposits. Total interest bearing deposits increase d $8,023,000, or 2.29%, between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015, and noninterest bearing deposits increase d $43,239,000, or 20.07% between the same two periods presented. Included in the increase of $8,023,000 in interest bearing deposits during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, are increases of $10,627,000 in NOW and money market accounts and $4,366,000 in savings accounts, partially offset by decreases of $6,970,000 in time deposits.
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Core deposits, as defined by the Company as consisting of all deposits other than time deposits of more than $250,000 and brokered deposits, continue to provide the foundation for the Company's principal sources of funding and liquidity. These core deposits amounted to 90.01% and 88.21% of the total deposit portfolio at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Brokered deposits totaled $9,583,000 at September 30, 2015, as compared to $11,480,000 at December 31, 2014, and $7,889,000 at September 30, 2014. Brokered deposits were 1.55% and 2.03% of total deposits at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
On a year-to-date average, the Company experienced an increase of $17,248,000, or 3.04%, in total deposits between the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014. Between these two periods, average interest bearing deposits increase d $16,979,000 or 5.07%, and total noninterest-bearing deposits increase d $269,000, or 0.12%, on a year-to-date average basis.
Short-Term Borrowings
At September 30, 2015, the Company had collateralized lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco totaling $302,568,000, as well as Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) lines of credit totaling $3,098,000. At September 30, 2015, the Company had uncollateralized lines of credit with both Pacific Coast Bankers Bank ("PCBB") and Zion's Bank, totaling $10,000,000 and $20,000,000, respectively. These lines of credit generally have interest rates tied to either the Federal Funds rate, short-term U.S. Treasury rates, or LIBOR. All lines of credit are on an “as available” basis and can be revoked by the grantor at any time. At September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014, the Company had no outstanding borrowings. The Company had collateralized FRB lines of credit of $286,993,000, collateralized FHLB lines of credit totaling $5,814,000, and an uncollateralized lines of credit with PCBB of $10,000,000 at December 31, 2014.
Asset Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses
Lending money is the Company's principal business activity, and ensuring appropriate evaluation, diversification, and control of credit risks is a primary management responsibility. Losses are implicit in lending activities and the amount of such losses will vary, depending on the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio as affected by local economic conditions and the financial experience of borrowers.
The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for known and inherent risks in existing loans and commitments to extend credit. The adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is based upon management's continuing assessment of various factors affecting the collectability of loans and commitments to extend credit; including current economic conditions, past credit experience, collateral, and concentrations of credit. There is no precise method of predicting specific losses or amounts which may ultimately be charged off on particular segments of the loan portfolio. The conclusion that a loan may become uncollectible, either in part or in whole is subjective and contingent upon economic, environmental, and other conditions which cannot be predicted with certainty. When determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, the Company follows, in accordance with GAAP, the guidelines set forth in the Revised Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (“Statement”) issued by banking regulators in December 2006. The Statement is a revision of the previous guidance released in July 2001, and outlines characteristics that should be used in segmentation of the loan portfolio for purposes of the analysis including risk classification, past due status, type of loan, industry or collateral. It also outlines factors to consider when adjusting the loss factors for various segments of the loan portfolio, and updates previous guidance that describes the responsibilities of the board of directors, management, and bank examiners regarding the allowance for credit losses. Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 102 was released during July 2001, and represents the SEC staff’s view relating to methodologies and supporting documentation for the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses that should be observed by all public companies in complying with the federal securities laws and the Commission’s interpretations. It is also generally consistent with the guidance published by the banking regulators.
The allowance for loan losses includes an asset-specific component, as well as a general or formula-based component. The Company segments the loan and lease portfolio into eleven (11) segments, primarily by loan class and type, that have homogeneity and commonality of purpose and terms for analysis under the formula-based component of the allowance. Those loans which are determined to be impaired under current accounting guidelines are not subject to the formula-based reserve analysis, and evaluated individually for specific impairment under the asset-specific component of the allowance.
The Company’s methodology for assessing the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses consists of several key elements, which include:
- the formula allowance
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- specific allowances for problem graded loans identified as impaired
- and the unallocated allowance
The formula allowance is calculated by applying loss factors to outstanding loans and certain unfunded loan commitments. Loss factors are based on the Company’s historical loss experience and on the internal risk grade of those loans and, may be adjusted for significant factors that, in management's judgment, affect the collectability of the portfolio as of the evaluation date. Factors that may affect collectability of the loan portfolio include:

• | Levels of, and trends in delinquencies and nonaccrual loans;

• | Trends in volumes and term of loans;

• | Effects of any changes in lending policies and procedures including those for underwriting, collection, charge-off, and recovery;

• | Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff;

• | National and local economic trends and conditions and;

• | Concentrations of credit that might affect loss experience across one or more components of the portfolio, including high-balance loan concentrations and participations.

Management determines the loss factors for problem graded loans (substandard, doubtful, and loss), special mention loans, and pass graded loans, based on a loss migration model. The migration analysis incorporates loan losses over the previous quarters as determined by management (time horizons adjusted as business cycles or environment changes) and loss factors are adjusted to recognize and quantify the loss exposure from changes in market conditions and trends in the Company’s loan portfolio. For purposes of this analysis, loans are grouped by internal risk classifications and categorized as pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful, or loss. Certain loans are homogeneous in nature and are therefore pooled by risk grade. These homogeneous loans include consumer installment and home equity loans. Special mention loans are currently performing but are potentially weak, as the borrower has begun to exhibit deteriorating trends which, if not corrected, could jeopardize repayment of the loan and result in further downgrades. Substandard loans have well-defined weaknesses which, if not corrected, could jeopardize the full satisfaction of the debt. A loan classified as doubtful has critical weaknesses that make full collection of the obligation improbable. Classified loans, as defined by the Company, include impaired loans and loans categorized as substandard, doubtful, and loss which are not considered impaired. At September 30, 2015, impaired and classified loans totaled $30,968,000, or 6.0%, of gross loans as compared to $34,358,000 or 7.5% of gross loans at December 31, 2014.
Loan participations are reviewed for allowance adequacy under the same guidelines as other loans in the Company’s portfolio, with an additional participation factor added, if required, for specific risks associated with participations. In general, participations are subject to certain thresholds set by the Company, and are reviewed for geographic location as well as the well-being of the underlying agent bank.
Specific allowances are established based on management’s periodic evaluation of loss exposure inherent in impaired loans. For impaired loans, specific allowances are determined based on the net realizable value of the underlying collateral, the net present value of the anticipated cash flows, or the market value of the underlying assets. Formula allowances for classified loans, excluding impaired loans, are determined on the basis of additional risks involved with individual loans that may be in excess of risk factors associated with the loan portfolio as a whole. The specific allowance is different from the formula allowance in that the specific allowance is determined on a loan-by-loan basis based on risk factors directly related to a particular loan, as opposed to the formula allowance which is determined for a pool of loans with similar risk characteristics, based on past historical trends and other risk factors which may be relevant on an ongoing basis.
The unallocated portion of the allowance is based upon management’s evaluation of various conditions that are not directly measured in the determination of the formula and specific allowances. The conditions may include, but are not limited to, general economic and business conditions affecting the key lending areas of the Company, credit quality trends, collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, and other business conditions.
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The following table summarizes the specific allowance, formula allowance, and unallocated allowance at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, as well as classified loans at those period-ends.

(in 000's) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Specific allowance – impaired loans | $ | 2,419 |  |  | $ | 715 |
Formula allowance – classified loans not impaired | 2,062 |  |  | 2,450 |
Formula allowance – special mention loans | 344 |  |  | 39 |
Total allowance for special mention and classified loans | 4,825 |  |  | 3,204 |
Formula allowance for pass loans | 6,472 |  |  | 6,739 |
Unallocated allowance | 276 |  |  | 828 |
Total allowance for loan losses | $ | 11,573 |  |  | $ | 10,771 |
Impaired loans | 14,431 |  |  | 16,037 |
Classified loans not considered impaired | 16,537 |  |  | 18,321 |
Total classified loans | $ | 30,968 |  |  | $ | 34,358 |
Special mention loans not considered impaired | $ | 7,534 |  |  | $ | 1,766 |

Impaired loans decreased $1,606,000 between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015 and the specific allowance related to impaired loans increase d $1,704,000 between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015. The specific allowance increase was due to a 100% reserve placed on two credits during the first quarter of 2015. The formula allowance related to unimpaired loans (including special mention and substandard) decrease d by $83,000 between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015. The level of “pass” loans increase d approximately $35,936,000 between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015. The related formula allowance decrease d $267,000 during the same period. The formula allowance for “pass loans” is derived from the loan loss factors under migration analysis. Due to improvements in lending policies and loan review quality, less reserve is required for pass loans.
The Company’s methodology includes features that are intended to reduce the difference between estimated and actual losses. The specific allowance portion of the analysis is designed to be self-correcting by taking into account the current loan loss experience based on that portion of the portfolio. By analyzing the estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis, management is able to adjust specific and inherent loss estimates using the most recent information available. In performing the periodic migration analysis, management believes that historical loss factors used in the computation of the formula allowance need to be adjusted to reflect current changes in market conditions and trends in the Company’s loan portfolio. There are a number of other factors which are reviewed when determining adjustments in the historical loss factors. Those factors include 1) trends in delinquent and nonaccrual loans, 2) trends in loan volume and terms, 3) effects of changes in lending policies, 4) concentrations of credit, 5) competition, 6) national and local economic trends and conditions, 7) experience of lending staff, 8) loan review and Board of Directors oversight, 9) high balance loan concentrations, and 10) other business conditions.
The general reserve requirements (ASC 450-70) decreased with the continued strengthening of local, state, and national economies and their impact on our local lending base, which has resulted in a lower qualitative component for the general reserve calculation. These positive factors were partially offset by the Company including OREO financial results in loss history and extending the look back period used to capture the loss history for the quantitative portion of the ALLL. In the third quarter of 2013, the look back period was changed from 4 years to stake-in-the-ground (December 31, 2005), in an effort to include higher losses experienced during the credit crisis. Changes in the mix of historical losses in the look back period resulted in a reallocation of the general reserve component of the allowance amount within the various loan segments as compared to December 31, 2014, as loss experience by segment has fluctuated over time. The stake-in-the-ground methodology requires the Company to use December 31, 2005, as the starting point of the look back period to capture loss history. Time horizons are subject to Management's assessment of the current period, taking into consideration changes in business cycles and environment changes.
Management and the Company’s lending officers evaluate the loss exposure of classified and impaired loans on a weekly/monthly basis. The Company’s Loan Committee meets weekly and serves as a forum to discuss specific problem assets that
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pose significant concerns to the Company, and to keep the Board of Directors informed through committee minutes. All special mention and classified loans are reported quarterly on Problem Asset Reports and Impaired Loan Reports and are reviewed by senior management. Migration analysis and impaired loan analysis are performed on a quarterly basis and adjustments are made to the allowance as deemed necessary. The Board of Directors is kept abreast of any changes or trends in problem assets on a monthly basis, or more often if required.
The specific allowance for impaired loans is measured based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The amount of impaired loans is not directly comparable to the amount of nonperforming loans disclosed later in this section. The primary differences between impaired loans and nonperforming loans are: i) all loan categories are considered in determining nonperforming loans while impaired loan recognition is limited to commercial and industrial loans, commercial and residential real estate loans, construction loans, and agricultural loans, and ii) impaired loan recognition considers not only loans 90 days or more past due, restructured loans and nonaccrual loans but may also include problem loans other than delinquent loans.
The Company considers a loan to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it believes it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructures, and performing loans in which full payment of principal or interest is not expected. Management bases the measurement of these impaired loans either on the fair value of the loan's collateral or the expected cash flows on the loans discounted at the loan's stated interest rates. Cash receipts on impaired loans not performing to contractual terms and that are on nonaccrual status are used to reduce principal balances. Impairment losses are included in the allowance for credit losses through a charge to the provision, if applicable.
At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company's recorded investment in impaired loans totaled $14,431,000 and $16,037,000, respectively. Included in total impaired loans at September 30, 2015, are $6,900,000 of impaired loans for which the related specific allowance was $2,419,000, as well as $7,531,000 of impaired loans that, as a result of write-downs or the sufficiency of the fair value of the collateral, did not have a specific allowance. Total impaired loans at December 31, 2014 included $4,478,000 of impaired loans for which the related specific allowance was $715,000 as well as $11,559,000 in impaired loans that, as a result of write-downs or the sufficiency of the fair value of the collateral, did not have a specific allowance. The average recorded investment in impaired loans was $15,550,000 during the first nine months of 2015. In most cases, the Company uses the cash basis method of income recognition for impaired loans. In the case of certain troubled debt restructuring, for which the loan has been performing for a prescribed period of time under the current contractual terms, income is recognized under the accrual method. At September 30, 2015, included in impaired loans, were troubled debt restructures totaling $12,312,000. Nonaccrual loans, totaling $6,568,000, were included in that balance. The remaining troubled debt restructures, totaling $5,744,000, were current with regards to payments, and were performing according to their modified contractual terms.
The largest category of impaired loans at September 30, 2015 was real estate construction loans, comprising approximately 42.40% of total impaired loans. Real estate mortgage loans and commercial and industrial loans represented approximately 35.44% and 14.36%, respectively, of total impaired loan balances at September 30, 2015. Of the $2,073,000 in commercial and industrial impaired loans reported at September 30, 2015, one loan, with a recorded investment of $63,156, was secured by real estate. Specific collateral related to impaired loans is reviewed for current appraisal information, economic trends within geographic markets, loan-to-value ratios, and other factors that may impact the value of the loan collateral. Adjustments are made to collateral values as needed for these factors. Of total impaired loans at September 30, 2015, approximately $10,589,000, or 73.4%, are secured by real estate. The majority of impaired real estate construction and development loans are for the purpose of residential construction, residential and commercial acquisition and development, and land development. Residential construction loans are made for the purpose of building residential 1-4 single family homes. Residential and commercial acquisition and development loans are made for the purpose of purchasing land, developing that land if required, and developing real estate or commercial construction projects on those properties. Land development loans are made for the purpose of converting raw land into construction-ready building sites. The following table summarizes the components of impaired loans and their related specific reserves at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
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| Impaired Loan Balance |  | Reserve |  | Impaired Loan Balance |  | Reserve
(in 000’s) | September 30, 2015 |  | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2014
Commercial and industrial | $ | 2,073 |  |  | $ | 1,019 |  |  | $ | 1,421 |  |  | $ | 64 |
Real estate – mortgage | 5,114 |  |  | 672 |  |  | 7,513 |  |  | 648 |
RE construction & development | 6,119 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 6,371 |  |  | — |
Agricultural | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |
Installment/other | 1,105 |  |  | 585 |  |  | 700 |  |  | 3 |
Total Impaired Loans | $ | 14,431 |  |  | $ | 2,419 |  |  | $ | 16,037 |  |  | $ | 715 |

Included in impaired loans are loans modified in troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties in an attempt to maximize collection. The Company makes various types of concessions when structuring TDRs including rate reductions, payment extensions, and forbearance. At September 30, 2015, approximately $4,838,000 of the total $12,312,000 in TDRs was comprised of real estate mortgages. An additional $5,793,000 was related to real estate construction and development loans.
Total troubled debt restructurings decrease d 17.92% at September 30, 2015 compared to December 31, 2014. Nonaccrual TDRs decrease d by 29.82% while accruing TDRs increase d by 1.83% over the same period. Within TDR categories, total residential mortgages and real estate construction TDRs showed a decrease of 18.01%. The majority of these credits are related to real estate construction projects that slowed significantly or stalled. The Company has pursued restructuring the qualified credits while the construction industry recovers in order to allow developers an opportunity to finish projects at a slower pace. Concessions granted in these circumstances include lengthened maturities, lower lot release prices, or rate reductions that enable the borrower to finish the construction projects and repay loans to the Company. The Company has had general success in its restructuring efforts even though not all restructured efforts will be entirely successful.
The following table summarizes TDRs by type, classified separately as nonaccrual or accrual, which are included in impaired loans at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

| Total TDRs |  | Nonaccrual TDRs |  | Accruing TDRs
(in 000's) | September 30, 2015 |  | September 30, 2015 |  | September 30, 2015
Commercial and industrial | $ | 1,011 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 663 |
Real estate - mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | 1,279 |  |  | 1,279 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgages | 3,559 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,559 |
Home equity loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate mortgage | 4,838 |  |  | 1,279 |  |  | 3,559 |
RE construction & development | 5,793 |  |  | 4,941 |  |  | 852 |
Agricultural | 20 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |
Installment/other | 650 |  |  | — |  |  | 650 |
Commercial lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings | $ | 12,312 |  |  | $ | 6,568 |  |  | $ | 5,744 |

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| Total TDRs |  | Nonaccrual TDRs |  | Accruing TDRs
(in 000's) | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2014
Commercial and industrial | $ | 1,306 |  |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 885 |
Real estate - mortgage: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | 2,713 |  |  | 2,713 |  |  | — |
Residential mortgages | 4,225 |  |  | 1,084 |  |  | 3,141 |
Home equity loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate mortgage | 6,938 |  |  | 3,797 |  |  | 3,141 |
RE construction & development | 6,029 |  |  | 5,141 |  |  | 888 |
Agricultural | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 32 |
Installment/other | 695 |  |  | — |  |  | 695 |
Commercial lease financing | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings | $ | 15,000 |  |  | $ | 9,359 |  |  | $ | 5,641 |

Of the $12,312,000 in total TDRs at September 30, 2015, $6,568,000 were on nonaccrual status at period-end. Of the $15,000,000 in total TDRs at December 31, 2014, $9,359,000 were on nonaccrual status at period-end. As of September 30, 2015, the Company has no commercial real estate (CRE) workouts whereby an existing loan was restructured into multiple new loans (i.e., A Note/B Note structure).
For a restructured loan to return to accrual status there needs to be at least 6 months successful payment history. In addition, the Company’s Credit Administration performs a financial analysis of the credit to determine whether the borrower has the ability to continue to perform successfully over the remaining life of the loan. This includes, but is not limited to, a review of financial statements and a cash flow analysis of the borrower. Only after determining that the borrower has the ability to perform under the terms of the loans will the restructured credit be considered for accrual status.
The following table summarizes special mention loans by type at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

(in thousands) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Commercial and industrial | $ | 5,189 |  |  | $ | 342 |
Real estate - mortgage: |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | 2,345 |  |  | 1,095 |
Residential mortgages | — |  |  | 216 |
Home equity loans | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate mortgage | 2,345 |  |  | 1,311 |
RE construction & development | — |  |  | — |
Agricultural | — |  |  | 113 |
Installment/other | — |  |  | — |
Commercial lease financing | — |  |  | — |
Total Special Mention Loans | $ | 7,534 |  |  | $ | 1,766 |

The Company focuses on competition and other economic conditions within its market area and other geographical areas in which it does business, which may ultimately affect the risk assessment of the portfolio. The Company continues to experience increased competition from major banks, local independents and non-bank institutions which creates pressure on loan pricing. Low interest rates and a weak economy continue to dominate, even though real estate prices show signs of stabilization. The Company continues to place increased emphasis on reducing both the level of nonperforming assets and the level of losses on the disposition of these assets. It is in the best interest of both the Company and the borrowers to seek alternative options to foreclosure in an effort to reduce the impacts on the real estate market. As part of this strategy, the Company has increased its level of troubled debt restructurings, when it makes economic sense. While business and consumer spending show improvement in recent quarters, current GDP remains anemic. It is difficult to forecast what impact the Federal Reserve
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actions to hold rates low will have on the economy. The local market has remained relatively stable economically during the past several years in comparison to other areas of the state and the nation, where more volatile economic impacts were experienced, including more severe deterioration of residential real estate markets. Although the local area residential housing markets have been hard hit, they continue to perform better than some parts of the state which bodes well for sustained, but slower growth in the Company’s market areas of Fresno and Madera, Kern, and Santa Clara Counties. Local unemployment rates in the San Joaquin Valley remain high compared with other regions but are historically high as a result of the area's agricultural dynamics. The Company believes that the Central San Joaquin Valley will continue to grow and diversify as property and housing costs remain low relative to other areas of the state. Management recognizes increased risk of loss due to the Company's exposure to local and worldwide economic conditions, as well as potentially volatile real estate markets, and takes these factors into consideration when analyzing the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses.
The following table provides a summary of the Company's allowance for possible credit losses, provisions made to that allowance, and charge-off and recovery activity affecting the allowance for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014.
Table 7. Allowance for Credit Losses - Summary of Activity

(in 000's) | September 30, 2015 |  | September 30, 2014
Total loans outstanding at end of period before deducting allowances for credit losses | $ | 515,846 |  |  | $ | 447,011 |
Average loans outstanding during period | 488,885 |  |  | 414,769 |
Balance of allowance at beginning of period | 10,771 |  |  | 10,988 |
Loans charged off: |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | — |  |  | (191 | )
Commercial and industrial | (387 | ) |  | (183 | )
Installment and other | (26 | ) |  | (10 | )
Total loans charged off | (413 | ) |  | (384 | )
Recoveries of loans previously charged off: |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | 191 |  |  | 332 |
Commercial and industrial | 581 |  |  | 187 |
Installment and other | 9 |  |  | 93 |
Total loan recoveries | 781 |  |  | 612 |
Net loans recovered | 368 |  |  | 228 |
Provision (recovery of provision) charged to operating expense | 434 |  |  | (101 | )
Balance of allowance for credit losses at end of period | $ | 11,573 |  |  | $ | 11,115 |
Net loan (recoveries) charge-offs to total average loans (annualized) | (0.10 | )% |  | (0.07 | )%
Net loan (recoveries) charge-offs to loans at end of period (annualized) | (0.29 | )% |  | (0.07 | )%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans at end of period | 2.24 | % |  | 2.49 | %
Net loan (recoveries) charge-offs to allowance for credit losses (annualized) | (12.72 | )% |  | (2.74 | )%
Provision for credit losses to net (recoveries) charge-offs (annualized) | 157.25 | % |  | 59.06 | %

Total loan charge-offs increased $29,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014. Loan recoveries totaled $781,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, increasing by $140,000 from the same period in 2014.
At September 30, 2015 and September 30, 2014, $315,000 and $288,000, respectively, of the formula allowance is allocated to unfunded loan commitments and is, therefore, reported separately in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Management believes that the 2.24% credit loss allowance at September 30, 2015 is adequate to absorb known and inherent
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risks in the loan portfolio. No assurance can be given, however, regarding economic conditions or other circumstances which may adversely affect the Company's service areas and result in future losses to the loan portfolio.
It is the Company's policy to discontinue the accrual of interest income on loans when reasonable doubt exists with respect to the timely collectability of interest or principal due or the ability of the borrower to otherwise comply with the terms of the loan agreement. Such loans are placed on nonaccrual status whenever the payment of principal or interest is 90 days past due, or earlier when the conditions warrant. Interest collected is thereafter credited to principal. Management may grant exceptions to this policy if the loans are well secured and in the process of collection.
Table 8. Nonperforming Assets

(in 000's) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Nonaccrual Loans (1) | $ | 8,248 |  |  | $ | 9,935 |
Restructured Loans | 5,744 |  |  | 5,641 |
Loans past due 90 days or more, still accruing | 19 |  |  | — |
Total nonperforming loans | 14,011 |  |  | 15,576 |
Other real estate owned | 12,689 |  |  | 14,010 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 26,700 |  |  | $ | 29,586 |
Nonperforming loans to total gross loans | 2.72 | % |  | 3.40 | %
Nonperforming assets to total assets | 3.72 | % |  | 4.46 | %
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans | 82.60 | % |  | 69.15 | %

(1) | Included in nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are restructured loans totaling $6,568,000 and $9,359,000, respectively.

Non-performing loans decrease d $1,565,000 between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015. Nonaccrual loans decrease d $1,687,000 between December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2015, with real estate mortgage and real estate construction loans comprising approximately 78.66% of total nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2015. The following table summarizes the nonaccrual totals by loan category for the periods shown. The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans increased from 69.15% at December 31, 2014 to 82.60% at September 30, 2015.

(in 000's) | Balance |  | Balance |  | Change from
Nonaccrual Loans: | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2014
Commercial and industrial | $ | 1,310 |  |  | $ | 433 |  |  | $ | 877 |
Real estate - mortgage | 1,547 |  |  | 4,361 |  |  | (2,814 | )
RE construction & development | 4,941 |  |  | 5,141 |  |  | (200 | )
Installment/other | 450 |  |  | — |  |  | 450 |
Total Nonaccrual Loans | $ | 8,248 |  |  | $ | 9,935 |  |  | $ | (1,687 | )

Loans past due more than 30 days receive increased management attention and are monitored for increased risk. The Company continues to move past due loans to nonaccrual status in an ongoing effort to recognize and address loan problems as early and most effectively as possible. As impaired loans, nonaccrual and restructured loans are reviewed for specific reserve allocations, the allowance for credit losses is adjusted accordingly.
Except for the nonaccrual loans included in the above table, or those included in the impaired loan totals, there were no loans at September 30, 2015 where the known credit problems of a borrower caused the Company to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrower to comply with the present loan repayment terms and which would result in such loan being included as a nonaccrual, past due, or restructured loan at some future date.
Asset/Liability Management – Liquidity and Cash Flow
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The primary function of asset/liability management is to provide adequate liquidity and maintain an appropriate balance between interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities.
Liquidity
Liquidity management may be described as the ability to maintain sufficient cash flows to fulfill financial obligations, including loan funding commitments and customer deposit withdrawals, without straining the Company’s equity structure. To maintain an adequate liquidity position, the Company relies on, in addition to cash and cash equivalents, cash inflows from deposits and short-term borrowings, repayments of principal on loans and investments, and interest income received. The Company's principal cash outflows are for loan origination, purchases of investment securities, depositor withdrawals and payment of operating expenses.
The Company continues to emphasize liability management as part of its overall asset/liability strategy. Through the discretionary acquisition of short term borrowings, the Company has, when needed, been able to provide liquidity to fund asset growth while, at the same time, better utilizing its capital resources, and better controlling interest rate risk. This does not preclude the Company from selling assets such as investment securities to fund liquidity needs but, with favorable borrowing rates, the Company has maintained a positive yield spread between borrowed liabilities and the assets which those liabilities fund. If, at some time, rate spreads become unfavorable, the Company has the ability to utilize an asset management approach and, either control asset growth or fund further growth with maturities or sales of investment securities. At September 30, 2015, the Company had no borrowings, as its deposit base currently provides funding sufficient to support its asset values.
The Company's liquid asset base which generally consists of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell (“reverse repos”) and investment securities, is maintained at a level deemed sufficient to provide the cash outlay necessary to fund loan growth as well as any customer deposit runoff that may occur. Additional liquidity requirements may be funded with overnight or term borrowing arrangements with various correspondent banks, FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank. Within this framework is the objective of maximizing the yield on earning assets. This is generally achieved by maintaining a high percentage of earning assets in loans, which historically have represented the Company's highest yielding asset. At September 30, 2015, the Bank had 71.80% of total assets in the loan portfolio and a loan to deposit ratio of 83.65%, as compared to 69.00% of total assets in the loan portfolio and a loan to deposit ratio of 80.94% at December 31, 2014. Liquid assets at September 30, 2015, include cash and cash equivalents totaling $116,388,000 as compared to $103,577,000 at December 31, 2014. Other sources of liquidity include collateralized lines of credit from the Federal Home Loan Bank, and from the Federal Reserve Bank totaling $315,666,000 and an uncollateralized lines of credit from Pacific Coast Banker's Bank (PCBB) of $10,000,000 and Zion's Bank of $20,000,000 at September 30, 2015.
The liquidity of the parent company, United Security Bancshares, is primarily dependent on the payment of cash dividends by its subsidiary, United Security Bank, subject to limitations imposed by the Financial Code of the State of California. The Bank currently has limited ability to pay dividends or make capital distributions (see Dividends section included in Regulatory Matters of this Management’s Discussion). The limited ability of the Bank to pay dividends may impact the ability of the Company to fund its ongoing liquidity requirements including ongoing operating expenses, as well as quarterly interest payments on the Company’s junior subordinated debt (Trust Preferred Securities). Since the quarter ended March 31, 2009, the Bank has been precluded from paying a cash dividend to the Company. To conserve cash and capital resources, the Company elected at March 31, 2009 to defer the payment of interest on its junior subordinated debt beginning with the quarterly payment due October 1, 2009. During the second quarter of 2014, the Bank received approval from the Federal Reserve Bank to upstream a dividend to the parent company for the purpose of payment of deferred interest on the Company's junior subordinated debt. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company received $2,139,836 in cash dividends from the Bank.
Cash Flow
The period-end balances of cash and cash equivalents for the periods shown are as follows (from Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – in 000’s):

(in 000's) | Balance
December 31, 2013 | $ | 135,212 |
September 30, 2014 | $ | 134,885 |
December 31, 2014 | $ | 103,577 |
September 30, 2015 | $ | 116,388 |

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Cash and cash equivalents increase d $12,811,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to a decrease of $327,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
The Company had a net cash inflow from operations of $6,739,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and a cash inflow from operations totaling $6,106,000 for the period ended September 30, 2014. The Company experienced net cash outflow s from investing activities totaling $43,390,000 related to an increase in the loan portfolio due to a combination of organic growth and a purchase of a residential mortgage loan pool during the nine months ended September 30, 2015. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company experienced net cash outflow s from investing activities of $54,987,000 due to an increase in loan volume and purchases of investment securities.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company experienced net cash inflow s from financing activities totaling $49,462,000, primarily as the result of increases in demand deposits accounts. For the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the Company experienced net cash inflow s of $48,554,000 from financing activities due to increases in demand deposit and savings accounts.
The Company has the ability to increase or decrease loan growth, increase or decrease deposits and borrowings, or a combination of both to manage balance sheet liquidity.
Regulatory Matters
Regulatory Agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
On March 23, 2010, United Security Bancshares (the "Company") and its wholly owned subsidiary, United Security Bank (the "Bank"), entered into a formal written agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (the “Federal Reserve”) as a result of a regulatory examination that was conducted by the Federal Reserve and the California Department of Financial Institutions (the “DFI”) in June 2009. That examination found significant increases in nonperforming assets, both classified loans and OREO, during 2008 and 2009, and heightened concerns about the Bank’s use of brokered and other wholesale funding sources to fund loan growth, which created increased risk to equity capital and potential volatility in earnings.
Under the terms of the Agreement, the Company and the Bank agreed, among other things: to maintain a sound process for determining, documenting, and recording an adequate allowance for loan and lease losses; to improve the management of the Bank's liquidity position and funds management policies; to maintain sufficient capital at the Company and Bank level; and to improve the Bank’s earnings and overall condition. The Company and Bank also agreed not to increase or guarantee any debt, purchase or redeem any shares of stock, declare or pay any cash dividends, or pay interest on the Company's junior subordinated debt or trust preferred securities, without prior written approval from the Federal Reserve. The Company generates no revenue of its own and, as such, relies on dividends from the Bank to pay its operating expenses and interest payments on the Company’s junior subordinated debt.
Effective November 19, 2014, the Federal Reserve terminated the Agreement with the Bank and the Company and replaced it with an informal supervisory agreement that requires, among other things, obtaining written approval from the Federal Reserve prior to the payment of dividends from the Bank to the Company or the payment of dividends by the Company or interest on the Company’s junior subordinated debt. The inability of the Bank to pay cash dividends to the Company may hinder the Company’s ability to meet its ongoing operating obligations.
Regulatory Order from the California Department of Business Oversight
On May 20, 2010, the DFI (now known as the Department of Business Oversight (the “DBO”)) issued a formal written order (the “Order”) pursuant to a consent agreement with the Bank as a result of the same June 2009 joint regulatory examination. The terms of the Order were essentially similar to the Federal Reserve’s Agreement, except for a few additional requirements.
On September 24, 2013, the Bank entered into an informal Memorandum of Understanding (the “MOU”) with the DBO and on October 15, 2013, the Order was terminated. The MOU requires the Bank to maintain a ratio of tangible shareholder’s equity to total tangible assets equal to or greater than 9.0% and also requires the DBO’s approval for the Bank to pay a dividend to the Company.
Accordingly, reflecting the Company’s and the Bank’s improved financial condition and performance, as of November 19, 2014, the Bank and the Company have been relieved of all formal regulatory agreements. Some of the governance and procedures established by the Agreement and the Order remain in place, including submission of certain plans and reports to
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the Federal Reserve and DBO, the Bank’s obligation to maintain a 9.0% tangible shareholder’s equity ratio, and the requirement to seek approvals from the Federal Reserve and the DBO for either the Bank or the Company to pay dividends and for the Company to pay interest on its outstanding junior subordinated debt. While no assurances can be given as to future regulatory approvals, over the last three quarters the DBO and the Federal Reserve have been approving the Bank's payment of dividends to the Company to cover the Company's operating expenses and its interest payments and the Company's payment of quarterly interest on the junior subordinated debt.
The Bank is currently in full compliance with the requirements of the MOU including its deadlines.
Capital Adequacy
The Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements adopted by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Board of Governors”). Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandates and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the consolidated Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.
Quantitative measures established by the capital adequacy guidelines require insured institutions to maintain a minimum leverage ratio of Tier 1 capital (the sum of common stockholders' equity, noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries, minus intangible assets, identified losses and investments in certain subsidiaries, plus unrealized losses or minus unrealized gains on available for sale securities) to total assets. Institutions which have received the highest composite regulatory rating and which are not experiencing or anticipating significant growth are required to maintain a minimum leverage capital ratio of 3% of Tier 1 capital to total assets. All other institutions are required to maintain a minimum leverage capital ratio of at least 100 to 200 basis points above the 3% minimum requirement.
In addition to the general capital adequacy guidelines, pursuant to the DBO’s MOU the Bank is required to maintain a ratio of tangible shareholder’s equity to total tangible assets equal to or greater than 9.0%. For purposes of the MOU, “tangible shareholders’ equity” is defined as shareholders’ equity minus intangible assets. The Bank’s ratio of tangible shareholders’ equity to total tangible assets was 12.78% and 12.60% at September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The Company has adopted a capital plan that includes guidelines and trigger points to ensure sufficient capital is maintained at the Bank and the Company, and that capital ratios are maintained at a level deemed appropriate under regulatory guidelines given the level of classified assets, concentrations of credit, ALLL, current and projected growth, and projected retained earnings. The capital plan also contains contingency strategies to obtain additional capital as required to fulfill future capital requirements for both the Bank, as a separate legal entity, and the Company on a consolidated basis.
The following table sets forth the Company’s and the Bank's actual capital positions at September 30, 2015, as well as the minimum capital requirements and requirements to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions (Bank required only) under the regulatory guidelines discussed above:
Table 9. Capital Ratios
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| Ratio at September 30, 2015 |  | Ratio at December 31, 2014 |  | Minimum for Capital Adequacy |  | Minimum requirement for "Well Capitalized" Institution
Total capital to risk weighted assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | 16.14% |  | 17.29% |  | 8.00% |  | N/A
Bank | 16.59% |  | 16.91% |  | 8.00% |  | 10.00%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | 14.87% |  | 16.03% |  | 6.00% |  | N/A
Bank | 15.33% |  | 15.65% |  | 6.00% |  | 8.00%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | 13.64% |  | N/A |  | 4.50% |  | N/A
Bank | 15.33% |  | N/A |  | 4.50% |  | 6.50%
Tier 1 capital to adjusted average assets (leverage) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | 12.74% |  | 12.49% |  | 4.00% |  | N/A
Bank | 12.78% |  | 12.25% |  | 4.00% |  | 5.00%

The Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation approved final capital rules in July 2013, that substantially amend the existing capital rules for banks. These new rules reflect, in part, certain standards initially adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in December 2010 (commonly referred to as “Basel III”) as well as requirements encompassed by the Dodd-Frank Act.
The final rules set a new common equity tier 1 requirement and higher minimum tier 1 requirements for all banking organizations. They also place limits on capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if a banking organization does not maintain a buffer of common equity tier 1 capital above minimum capital requirements. The rules revise the prompt corrective action framework to incorporate the new regulatory capital minimums. They also enhance risk sensitivity and address weaknesses identified over recent years with the measure of risk-weighted assets.
As of September 30, 2015, the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. Management believes that, under the current regulations, both will continue to meet their minimum capital requirements in the foreseeable future.
Dividends
Dividends paid to shareholders by the Company are subject to restrictions set forth in the California General Corporation Law. The California General Corporation Law provides that a corporation may make a distribution to its shareholders if retained earnings immediately prior to the dividend payout are at least equal to the amount of the proposed distribution. The primary source of funds with which dividends will be paid to shareholders will come from cash dividends received by the Company from the Bank.
As noted earlier, the Company and the Bank have entered into an informal agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank and Department of Business Oversight that, among other things, requires prior approval before paying a cash dividend or otherwise making a distribution of stock, increasing debt, repurchasing the Company’s common stock, or any other action which would reduce capital of either the Bank or the Company. In addition, under the agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank, the Company is now prohibited from making interest payments on the junior subordinated debentures without prior approval of the Federal Reserve Bank. During the year ended September 30, 2015, the Bank’s cash dividends of $2,139,836 paid to the Company were approved by the Federal Reserve and the DBO. Dividends of $330,000 funded the Company’s operating costs and payments of interest on its junior subordinated debentures. The remaining balance of $1,809,836 was used to buy $3.0 million of the Company's junior subordinated debt plus accrued interest from the Bank. The $3.0 million junior subordinated debt was retired, leaving $12.0 million in outstanding junior subordinated debt as of September 30, 2015.
The Bank, as a state-chartered bank, is subject to dividend restrictions set forth in California state banking law and administered by the Commissioner of the California Department of Business Oversight (“Commissioner”). Under such restrictions, the Bank may not pay cash dividends in an amount which exceeds the lesser of the retained earnings of the Bank or the Bank’s net income for the last three fiscal years (less the amount of distributions to shareholders during that period of time). If the above test is not met, cash dividends may only be paid with the prior approval of the Commissioner, in an amount not
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exceeding the Bank’s net income for its last fiscal year or the amount of its net income for the current fiscal year. Such restrictions do not apply to stock dividends, which generally require neither the satisfaction of any tests nor the approval of the Commissioner. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Commissioner finds that the shareholders’ equity is not adequate or that the declarations of a dividend would be unsafe or unsound, the Commissioner may order the state bank not to pay any dividend. The FRB may also limit dividends paid by the Bank. As noted above, the terms of the informal agreement with the Federal Reserve prohibit both the Company and the Bank from paying dividends without prior approval of the Federal Reserve.
Reserve Balances
The Bank is required to maintain average reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank. During 2005, the Company implemented a deposit reclassification program, which allows the Company to reclassify a portion of transaction accounts to non-transaction accounts for reserve purposes. The deposit reclassification program is provided by a third-party vendor, and has been approved by the Federal Reserve Bank. At September 30, 2015, the bank was not subject to a reserve requirement.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
As of September 30, 2015, the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures was carried out. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have not been any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2015, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
The Company does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns in controls or procedures can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
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PART II. Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Not applicable
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None during the quarter ended September 30, 2015.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Not applicable
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable
Item 5. Other Information
Not applicable
Item 6. Exhibits:

(a) | Exhibits:

11 | Computation of Earnings per Share*
31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

* Data required by Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 260, Earnings per Share, is provided in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements in this report.
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | United Security Bancshares
Date: | November 5, 2015 | /S/ Dennis R. Woods
|  | Dennis R. Woods
|  | President and
|  | Chief Executive Officer
|  | /S/ Bhavneet Gill
|  | Bhavneet Gill
|  | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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