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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
(1) | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
| Organization
Peoples Bancorp of North Carolina, Inc. (“Bancorp”) received regulatory approval to operate as a bank holding company on July 22, 1999, and became effective August 31, 1999. Bancorp is primarily regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and serves as the one-bank holding company for Peoples Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank commenced business in 1912 upon receipt of its banking charter from the North Carolina State Banking Commission (the “SBC”). The Bank is primarily regulated by the SBC and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and undergoes periodic examinations by these regulatory agencies. The Bank, whose main office is in Newton, North Carolina, provides a full range of commercial and consumer banking services primarily in Catawba, Alexander, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Iredell, Union and Wake counties in North Carolina. Peoples Investment Services, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank and began operations in 1996 to provide investment and trust services through agreements with an outside party. Real Estate Advisory Services, Inc. (“REAS”) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank and began operations in 1997 to provide real estate appraisal and property management services to individuals and commercial customers of the Bank. Community Bank Real Estate Solutions, LLC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bancorp and began operations in 2009 as a “clearing house” for appraisal services for community banks. Other banks are able to contract with Community Bank Real Estate Solutions, LLC to find and engage appropriate appraisal companies in the area where the property is located. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Bancorp and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Bank and Community Bank Real Estate Solutions, LLC, along with the Bank's wholly-owned subsidiaries, Peoples Investment Services, Inc. and REAS (collectively called the “Company”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Basis of Presentation The accounting principles followed by the Company, and the methods of applying these principles, conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with general practices in the banking industry. In preparing the financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Material estimates common to the banking industry that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term include, but are not limited to, the determination of the allowance for loan losses and valuation of real estate acquired in connection with or in lieu of foreclosure on loans. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and due from banks and interest bearing deposits are considered cash and cash equivalents for cash flow reporting purposes. Investment Securities There are three classifications the Company is able to use to for its investment securities: trading, available for sale, or held to maturity. Trading securities are bought and held principally for sale in the near term. Held to maturity securities are those securities for which the Company has the ability and intent to hold until maturity. All other securities not included in trading or held to maturity are classified as available for sale. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company classified all of its investment securities as available for sale. Available for sale securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, are excluded from earnings and are reported as a separate component of shareholders' equity until realized. Management evaluates investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment on an annual basis. A decline in the market value of any investment below cost that is deemed other-than-temporary is charged to earnings for the decline in value deemed to be credit related and a new cost basis in the security is established . The decline in value attributed to non-credit related factors is recognized in comprehensive income. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related security as an adjustment to the yield. Realized gains and losses for securities classified as available for sale are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold. Other Investments Other investments include equity securities with no readily determinable fair value. These investments are carried at cost. Mortgage Loans Held for Sale Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at lower of aggregate cost or market value. The cost of mortgage loans held for sale approximates the market value. Loans Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of the allowance for loan losses. Interest on loans is calculated by using the simple interest method on daily balances of the principal amount outstanding. The recognition of certain loan origination fee income and certain loan origination costs is deferred when such loans are originated and amortized over the life of the loan. Impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or at the loan's observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan will not be collected. Accrual of interest is discontinued on a loan when management believes, after considering economic conditions and collection efforts, that the borrower's financial condition is such that collection of interest is doubtful. Interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period earnings. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses reflects management's assessment and estimate of the risks associated with extending credit and its evaluation of the quality of the loan portfolio. The Bank periodically analyzes the loan portfolio in an effort to review asset quality and to establish an allowance for loan losses that management believes will be adequate in light of anticipated risks and loan losses. In assessing the adequacy of the allowance, size, quality and risk of loans in the portfolio are reviewed. Other factors considered are:
· | the Bank's loan loss experience;
· | the amount of past due and non-performing loans;
· | specific known risks;
· | the status and amount of other past due and non-performing assets;
· | underlying estimated values of collateral securing loans;
· | current and anticipated economic conditions; and
· | other factors which management believes affect the allowance for potential credit losses.
The allowance for loan losses is comprised of three components: specific reserves, general reserves and unallocated reserves. After a loan has been identified as impaired, management measures impairment. When the measure of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, the amount of the impairment is recorded as a specific reserve. These specific reserves are determined on an individual loan basis based on management's current evaluation of the Bank's loss exposure for each credit, given the appraised value of any underlying collateral. Loans for which specific reserves are provided are excluded from the general allowance calculations as described below. The general allowance reflects reserves established under GAAP for collective loan impairment. These reserves are based upon historical net charge-offs using the last two years' experience. This charge-off experience may be adjusted to reflect the effects of current conditions. The Bank considers information derived from its loan risk ratings and external data related to industry and general economic trends in establishing reserves. The unallocated allowance is determined through management's assessment of probable losses that are in the portfolio but are not adequately captured by the other two components of the allowance, including consideration of current economic and business conditions and regulatory requirements. The unallocated allowance also reflects management's acknowledgement of the imprecision and subjectivity that underlie the modeling of credit risk. Due to the subjectivity involved in determining the overall allowance, including the unallocated portion, this unallocated portion may fluctuate from period to period based on management's evaluation of the factors affecting the assumptions used in calculating the allowance. Management considers the allowance for loan losses adequate to cover the estimated losses inherent in the Bank's loan portfolio as of the date of the financial statements. Management believes it has established the allowance in accordance with GAAP and in consideration of the current economic environment. Although management uses the best information available to make evaluations, significant future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic and other conditions, thus adversely affecting the operating results of the Company. There were no significant changes in the estimation methods or fundamental assumptions used in the evaluation of the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2011 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2010. Such revisions, estimates and assumptions are made in any period in which the supporting factors indicate that loss levels may vary from the previous estimates. Additionally, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank's allowances for loan losses. Such agencies may require adjustments to the allowances based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examinations. Also, an independent loan review process further assists with evaluating credit quality and assessing potential performance issues. Mortgage Banking Activities Mortgage banking income represents net gains from the sale of mortgage loans and fees received from borrowers and loan investors related to the Bank's origination of single-family residential mortgage loans. Mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) represent the unamortized cost of purchased and originated contractual rights to service mortgages for others in exchange for a servicing fee. MSRs are amortized over the period of estimated net servicing income and are periodically adjusted for actual prepayments of the underlying mortgage loans. The Company recognized no servicing assets during 2011, 2010 and 2009. Mortgage loans serviced for others are not included in the accompanying balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of mortgage loans serviced for others was approximately $4.0 million, $5.3 million and $6.6 million at December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The Bank originates certain fixed rate mortgage loans and commits these loans for sale. The commitments to originate fixed rate mortgage loans and the commitments to sell these loans to a third party are both derivative contracts. The fair value of these derivative contracts is immaterial and has no effect on the recorded amounts in the financial statements. Premises and Equipment Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss is reflected in earnings for the period. The cost of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the useful life of the respective asset is charged to earnings as incurred, whereas significant renewals and improvements are capitalized. The range of estimated useful lives for premises and equipment are generally as follows:
Buildings and improvements |  | 10 - 50 years
Furniture and equipment |  | 3 - 10 years
Other Real Estate Foreclosed assets include all assets received in full or partial satisfaction of a loan and include real and personal property. Foreclosed assets are reported at fair value less estimated selling costs. The balance of other real estate owned was $7.6 million and $6.7 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Additionally, the recognition of future tax benefits, such as net operating loss carryforwards, is required to the extent that the realization of such benefits is more likely than not. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which the assets and liabilities are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income tax expense in the period that includes the enactment date. In the event the future tax consequences of differences between the financial reporting bases and the tax bases of the Company's assets and liabilities results in a deferred tax asset, an evaluation of the probability of being able to realize the future benefits indicated by such asset is required. A valuation allowance is provided for the portion of the deferred tax asset when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. In assessing the realizability of a deferred tax asset, management considers the scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies. The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with income tax accounting guidance, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes. On January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the accounting guidance related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, which sets out a consistent framework to determine the appropriate level of tax reserves to maintain for uncertain tax positions. This guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. This guidance also provides disclosure guidelines for unrecognized tax benefits, interest and penalties. The Company assessed the impact of this guidance and determined that it did not have a material impact on the Company's financial position, results of operations or disclosures. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities In the normal course of business, the Company enters into derivative contracts to manage interest rate risk by modifying the characteristics of the related balance sheet instruments in order to reduce the adverse effect of changes in interest rates. All derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value in the financial statements. On the date a derivative contract is entered into, the Company designates the derivative as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a trading instrument. Changes in the fair value of instruments used as fair value hedges are accounted for in the earnings of the period simultaneous with accounting for the fair value change of the item being hedged. Changes in the fair value of the effective portion of cash flow hedges are accounted for in other comprehensive income rather than earnings. Changes in fair value of instruments that are not intended as a hedge are accounted for in the earnings of the period of the change. If a derivative instrument designated as a fair value hedge is terminated or the hedge designation removed, the difference between a hedged item's then carrying amount and its face amount is recognized into income over the original hedge period. Likewise, if a derivative instrument designated as a cash flow hedge is terminated or the hedge designation removed, related amounts accumulated in other accumulated comprehensive income are reclassified into earnings over the original hedge period during which the hedged item affects income. The Company formally documents all hedging relationships, including an assessment that the derivative instruments are expected to be highly effective in offsetting the changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. Advertising Costs Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income At December 31, 2011, accumulated other comprehensive income consisted of net unrealized gains on securities available for sale of $3.1 million. At December 31, 2010, accumulated other comprehensive income consisted of net unrealized losses on securities available for sale of $8,000 and net unrealized gains on derivatives of $395,000. Stock-Based Compensation The Company has an Omnibus Stock Ownership and Long Term Incentive Plan (the “1999 Plan”) whereby certain stock-based rights, such as stock options, restricted stock, performance units, stock appreciation rights, or book value shares, may be granted to eligible directors and employees. The 1999 Plan expired on May 13, 2009. Under the 1999 Plan, the Company granted incentive stock options to certain eligible employees in order that they may purchase Company stock at a price equal to the fair market value on the date of the grant. The options granted in 1999 vested over a five-year period. Options granted subsequent to 1999 vest over a three-year period. All options expire after ten years. A summary of the stock option activity in the 1999 Plan is presented below:
Stock Option Activity
For the Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009
| Shares |  | Weighted Average Option Price Per Share |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)
Outstanding, December 31, 2008 | 184,945 |  | $ | 8.24 |  |
Granted during the period | - |  | $ | - |  |
Expired during the period | (15,483 | ) | $ | 9.02 |  |
Exercised during the period | - |  | $ | - |  |
Outstanding, December 31, 2009 | 169,462 |  | $ | 8.17 |  |
Granted during the period | - |  | $ | - |  |
Expired during the period | (19,391 | ) | $ | 6.99 |  |
Exercised during the period | - |  | $ | - |  |
Outstanding, December 31, 2010 | 150,071 |  | $ | 8.32 |  |
Granted during the period | - |  | $ | - |  |
Expired during the period | (71,054 | ) | $ | 8.71 |  |
Exercised during the period | - |  | $ | - |  |
Outstanding, December 31, 2011 | 79,017 |  | $ | 7.97 |  | 1.09
Exercisable, December 31, 2011 | 79,017 |  | $ | 7.97 |  | 1.09
Options outstanding at December 31, 2011 are exercisable at option prices ranging from $7.76 to $10.57. As of December 31, 2011, the exercise price on options outstanding is more than the current market value; therefore, options outstanding as of December 31, 2011 have no intrinsic value. Such options have a weighted average remaining contractual life of approximately one year. No options were granted or exercised during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. The Company recognized compensation expense for restricted stock awards of $7,000, $10,000 and $4,000 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock awards. The Company granted 3,000 shares of restricted stock in 2007 at a grant date fair value of $17.40 per share. The Company granted 1,750 shares of restricted stock at a grant date fair value of $12.80 per share during the third quarter of 2008 and 2,000 shares of restricted stock at a fair value of $11.37 per share during the fourth quarter of 2008. The Company recognizes compensation expense on the restricted stock grants over the period of time the restrictions are in place (three years from the grant date for the grants to date). The amount of expense recorded each period reflects the changes in the Company's stock price during the period. As of December 31, 2011, there was no unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock grants. As of December 31, 2010, there was $4,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock grants. The Company has a new Omnibus Stock Ownership and Long Term Incentive Plan, which was approved by shareholders on May 7, 2009 (the “2009 Plan”) whereby certain stock-based rights, such as stock options, restricted stock, performance units, stock appreciation rights, or book value shares, may be granted to eligible directors and employees. A total of 360,000 shares are currently reserved for possible issuance under the 2009 Plan. All rights must be granted or awarded by May 7, 2019, or ten years from the effective date of the 2009 Plan. The Company has not granted any awards under the 2009 Plan. Net Earnings Per Share Net earnings per common share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period while the effects of potential common shares outstanding during the period are included in diluted earnings per common share. The average market price during the year is used to compute equivalent shares. The reconciliations of the amounts used in the computation of both “basic earnings per common share” and “diluted earnings per common share” for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 are as follows:
For the year ended December 31, 2011: | Net Earnings Available to Common Shareholders (Dollars in thousands) |  | Common Shares |  | Per Share Amount
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 3,766 |  | 5,542,548 |  | $ | 0.68
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options |  | - |  | 1,301 |  |  |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 3,766 |  | 5,543,849 |  | $ | 0.68
For the year ended December 31, 2010: | Net Earnings Available to Common Shareholders (Dollars in thousands) |  | Common Shares |  | Per Share Amount
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 447 |  | 5,539,308 |  | $ | 0.08
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options |  | - |  | 4,107 |  |  |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 447 |  | 5,543,415 |  | $ | 0.08
For the year ended December 31, 2009: | Net Earnings Available to Common Shareholders (Dollars in thousands) |  | Common Shares |  | Per Share Amount
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 1,670 |  | 5,539,056 |  | $ | 0.30
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options |  | - |  | 3,681 |  |  |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 1,670 |  | 5,542,737 |  | $ | 0.30
Recent Accounting Pronouncements In April 2011, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-02, A Creditor's Determination of Whether a Restructuring is a Troubled Debt Restructuring. ASU No. 2011-02 provides additional guidance for determining what constitutes a troubled debt restructuring. ASU No. 2011-02 is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position or disclosures. In May 2011, FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). ASU No. 2011-04 is intended to result in convergence between U.S. GAAP and IFRS requirements for measurement of and disclosures about fair value. The amendments are not expected to have a significant impact on companies applying U.S. GAAP. ASU No. 2011-04 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position or disclosures. In June 2011, FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. ASU No. 2011-05 will require companies to present the components of net income and other comprehensive income either as one continuous statement or as two consecutive statements. It eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in shareholders' equity. ASU No. 2011-05 does not change the items which must be reported in other comprehensive income, how such items are measured or when they must be reclassified to net income. This standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Because ASU No. 2011-05 impacts presentation only, it will have no impact on the Company's results of operations or financial position. In December 2011, FASB issued ASU No. 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05. ASU No. 2011-12 defers the effective date of the requirement to present separate line items on the income statement for reclassification adjustments of items out of accumulated other comprehensive income into net income. This deferral is temporary until FASB reconsiders the operational concerns and needs of financial statement users. FASB has not yet established a timetable for its reconsideration. Entities are still required to present reclassification adjustments within other comprehensive income either on the face of the statement that reports other comprehensive income or in the notes to the financial statements. The requirement to present comprehensive income in either a single continuous statement or two consecutive condensed statements remains for both annual and interim reporting. Because ASU No. 2011-12 impacts presentation only, it will have no impact on the Company's results of operations or financial position. Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position or disclosures.

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