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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities      
Net loss $ (6,221) $ (9,605) $ (14,888)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Print textbook depreciation expense 15,397 0 0
Other depreciation and amortization expense 47,018 30,247 22,805
Share-based compensation expense 84,055 64,909 52,030
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs 64,573 43,202 10,494
Repayment of convertible senior notes attributable to debt discount (20,433) 0 0
Loss on early extinguishments of debt 4,286 0 0
Loss from write-offs of property and equipment 1,211 1,009 93
Loss from impairment of strategic equity investment 10,000 0 0
Gain on textbook library, net   0 0
Deferred income taxes (109) (39) (323)
Operating lease expense, net of accretion 4,901 4,385 0
Other non-cash items (118) (416) 65
Change in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisition of businesses:      
Accounts receivable (400) 1,829 (1,538)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 5,419 (12,930) (4,921)
Other assets (4,214) (1,494) 48
Accounts payable 1,119 (2,395) 893
Deferred revenue 12,918 (1,682) 3,978
Accrued liabilities 22,444 (206) 3,838
Other liabilities (3,951) (3,411) 2,539
Net cash provided by operating activities 236,442 113,403 75,113
Cash flows from investing activities      
Purchases of property and equipment (81,317) (42,326) (31,223)
Purchases of textbooks (58,567) 0 0
Proceeds from disposition of textbooks 7,569 0 0
Purchases of investments (1,045,564) (959,911) (146,856)
Proceeds from sale of investments 0 53,261 1,800
Maturities of investments 539,889 324,700 138,380
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired (92,796) (79,149) (34,650)
Purchases of strategic equity investment (2,000) 0 (10,000)
Net cash used in investing activities (732,786) (703,425) (82,549)
Cash flows from financing activities      
Proceeds from common stock issued under stock plans, net 15,483 35,100 29,116
Payment of taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards (80,680) (94,571) (49,089)
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net of issuance costs 984,096 780,180 335,618
Purchase of convertible senior notes capped call (103,400) (97,200) (39,227)
Repayment of convertible senior notes (303,967) 0 0
Proceeds from exercise of convertible senior notes capped call 77,095 0 0
Repurchase of common stock 0 (20,000) (20,000)
Net cash provided by financing activities 588,627 603,509 256,418
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 92,283 13,487 248,982
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 389,432 375,945 126,963
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period 481,715 389,432 375,945
Supplemental cash flow data:      
Interest 1,766 1,332 605
Income taxes 3,436 2,070 2,097
Operating cash flows from operating leases 6,790 5,297 0
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations, operating leases 13,688 3,364 0
Non-cash investing and financing activities:      
Accrued purchases of long-lived assets 1,588 10,036 1,210
Accrued escrow related to acquisition 7,451 0 0
Issuance of common stock related to repayment of convertible senior notes 327,141 0 0
Issuance of common stock related to prior acquisition 0 3,003 0
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:      
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 481,715 $ 375,945 $ 126,963