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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities      
Net income (loss) $ 18,180 $ 266,638 $ (1,458)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Share-based compensation expense 133,502 133,456 108,846
Other depreciation and amortization expense 129,718 89,997 63,274
Deferred tax assets 26,575 (168,679) (1,104)
(Gain)/loss on early extinguishments of debt (85,926) (93,519) 78,152
Loss contingency accrual 7,000 0 0
Impairment of intangible asset 3,600 0 0
Loss from write-offs of property and equipment 4,137 3,549 2,115
Amortization of debt issuance costs 3,156 5,166 5,922
Operating lease expense, net of accretion 6,079 6,327 5,994
Realized loss on sale of investments 2,106 9,675 178
(Gain)/loss on textbook library, net 0 (4,976) 10,956
Print textbook depreciation expense 0 1,610 10,859
Gain on foreign currency remeasurement of purchase consideration 0 (4,628) 0
Impairment on lease related assets 0 5,225 0
Gain on sale of strategic equity investments 0 0 (12,496)
Loss on change in fair value of derivative instruments, net 0 0 7,148
Other non-cash items (1,228) 378 (47)
Change in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisition of businesses:      
Accounts receivable (7,799) (3,752) (5,004)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 3,476 17,191 (21,854)
Other assets 10,829 14,563 16,387
Accounts payable 13,057 (4,144) 3,241
Deferred revenue (1,585) 7,538 2,523
Accrued liabilities (7,342) (20,111) 5,199
Other liabilities (11,337) (5,768) (5,607)
Net cash provided by operating activities 246,198 255,736 273,224
Cash flows from investing activities      
Purchases of property and equipment (83,052) (103,092) (94,180)
Purchases of textbooks 0 (3,815) (10,931)
Proceeds from disposition of textbooks 9,787 6,003 8,714
Purchases of investments (637,939) (730,509) (1,688,384)
Proceeds from sale of investments 394,533 458,489 206,041
Maturities of investments 597,197 884,940 1,204,787
Proceeds from sale of strategic equity investments 0 0 16,076
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired 0 (401,125) (7,891)
Purchases of strategic equity investments (11,853) (6,000) 0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 268,673 104,891 (365,768)
Cash flows from financing activities      
Proceeds from common stock issued under stock plans, net 4,165 6,477 8,887
Payment of taxes related to the net share settlement of equity awards (16,440) (26,549) (94,423)
Proceeds from equity offering, net of offering costs 0 0 1,091,466
Repayment of convertible senior notes (505,986) (401,203) (300,762)
Proceeds from exercise of convertible senior notes capped call 297 0 69,005
Payment of escrow related to acquisition 0 0 (7,451)
Repurchase of common stock (334,806) (323,528) (300,000)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (852,770) (744,803) 466,722
Effect of exchange rate changes 21 4,137 0
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (337,878) (380,039) 374,178
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 475,854 855,893 481,715
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period 137,976 475,854 855,893
Supplemental cash flow data:      
Interest 741 875 1,053
Income taxes, net of refunds 11,074 6,841 7,388
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:      
Operating cash flows from operating leases 9,042 8,863 7,772
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:      
Operating leases 12,407 10,232 0
Non-cash investing and financing activities:      
Accrued purchases of long-lived assets 9,650 4,927 2,982
Issuance of common stock related to repayment of convertible senior notes 0 0 235,521
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:      
Cash and cash equivalents 135,757 473,677 854,078
Restricted cash included in other current assets 0 63 0
Restricted cash included in other assets 2,219 2,114 1,815
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash $ 137,976 $ 475,854 $ 855,893