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Note 3 - Significant Accounting Policies
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
3.
Significant Accounting Policies
 
Basis of Consolidation
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). The effect of all intercompany balances has been eliminated. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all entities in which the Company have a controlling interest. The ownership interests of other investors in these entities are recorded as non-controlling interest.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of commitments and contingencies at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from these estimates.
 
Investment in Real Estate
 
Real estate assets held for investment are carried at historical cost and consist of land, buildings and improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements of real estate assets are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives if the expenditures qualify as betterment or the life of the related asset will be substantially extended beyond the original life expectancy.
 
Upon acquisition of real estate, the Company assesses the fair values of acquired tangible and intangible assets including land, buildings,
tenant
improvements, above and below-market leases, in-place leases and any other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities. The Company allocates the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values. In estimating fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, the Company assesses and considers fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates, estimates of replacement costs, net of depreciation, and available market information. The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant.
 
The Company records acquired above-market and below-market lease values initially based on the present value, using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired based on the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed renewal options for the below-market leases. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values and
tenant
relationship values (if any) that are based on management’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each
tenant’s
lease and the Company’s overall relationship with the respective
tenant.
Factors to be considered by management in its analysis of in-place lease values include an estimate of carrying costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, management considers leasing commission, legal and other related expenses.
 
The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset
may
not be recoverable. A property’s value is impaired if management’s estimate of the aggregate future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) to be generated by the property is less than the carrying value of the property. To the extent impairment has occurred, a write-down is recorded and measured by the amount of the difference between the carrying value of the asset and the fair value of the asset. Management of the Company does not believe that any of its properties within the portfolio are impaired as of
March
31,
2017.
 
For long-lived assets to be disposed of, impairment losses are recognized when the fair value of the assets less estimated cost to sell is less than the carrying value of the assets. Properties classified as real estate held for sale generally represent properties that are actively marketed or contracted for sale with closing expected to occur within the next
twelve
months. Real estate held for sale is carried at the lower of cost, net of accumulated depreciation, or fair value less cost to sell, determined on an asset-by-asset basis. Expenditures for ordinary repair and maintenance costs on held for sale properties are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements related to held-for-sale properties are capitalized at cost. Depreciation is not recorded on real estate held for sale.
 
If a
tenant
vacates its space prior to the contractual termination of the lease and no rental payments are being made on the lease, any unamortized balances of the related intangibles are written off. The
tenant
improvements and origination costs are amortized to expense over the remaining life of the lease (or charged against earnings if the lease is terminated prior to its contractual expiration date).
 
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:
 
Building and improvements (years)
 
 10
44
 
 
Tenant improvements
 
Shorter of useful life or lease term
 
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
(years)
 
 3
15
 
 
 
The capitalized above-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of base rental revenue over the remaining term of the respective leases, and the capitalized below-market lease values are amortized as an increase to base rental revenue over the remaining initial terms plus the terms of any below-market fixed rate renewal options of the respective leases. The value of in-place leases are amortized to expense over the remaining initial terms of the respective leases.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
Cash and cash equivalents are defined as cash on hand and in banks plus all short-term investments with a maturity of
three
months or less when purchased. The Company maintains some of its cash in bank deposit accounts, which, at times,
may
exceed the federally insured limit. No losses have been experienced related to such accounts.
 
Restricted Cash
 
Restricted cash generally consists of escrows for future real estate taxes and insurance expenditures, repairs and capital improvements and security deposits.
 
Tenant and Other Receivables and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
Tenant and other receivables are comprised of amounts due for monthly rents and other charges. The Company periodically performs a detailed review of amounts due from
tenants
to determine if accounts receivable balances are impaired based on factors affecting the collectability of those balances. If a
tenant
fails to make contractual payments beyond any allowance, the Company
may
recognize additional bad debt expense in future periods.
 
Deferred Costs
 
Deferred lease costs consist of fees incurred to initiate and renew operating leases. Lease costs are being amortized using the straight-line method over the terms of the respective leases.
 
Deferred financing costs represent commitment fees, legal and other
third
-party costs associated with obtaining financing. These costs are amortized over the term of the financing and are recorded in interest expense in the consolidated financial statements. Unamortized deferred financing costs are expensed when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before maturity. Cost incurred in seeking financing transactions which do not close are expensed in the period the financing transaction is terminated.
 
Comprehensive Income
 
Comprehensive income is comprised of net income adjusted for changes in unrealized gains and losses, reported in equity, for financial instruments required to be reported at fair value under GAAP. For the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017
and
2016,
the Company did not own any financial instruments for which the change in value was not reported in net income accordingly and its comprehensive income was its net income as presented in the consolidated statements of operations.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
Rental revenue for commercial leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Rental income attributable to residential leases and parking is recognized as earned, which is not materially different from the straight-line basis. Leases entered into by a resident for an apartment unit are generally for a
one
year term, renewable upon consent of both parties on an annual or monthly basis. Deferred rents receivable represents the amount by which straight-line rental revenue exceeds rents currently billed in accordance with lease agreements.
 
Reimbursements for operating expenses due from
tenants
pursuant to their lease agreements are recognized as revenue in the period the applicable expenses are incurred. These costs generally include real estate taxes, utilities, insurance, common area maintenance costs and other recoverable costs.
 
Stock-based Compensation
 
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification (“FASB ASC”) Topic
718,
“Compensation — Stock Compensation.” As such, all equity based awards are reflected as compensation expense in the Company’s consolidated financial statements over their vesting period based on the fair value at the date of grant.
 
At
March
31,
2017
and
December
31,
2016
there were
483,517
LTIP units outstanding with a weighted grant-date fair value of
$13.50
per unit. As of
March
31,
2017
and
December
31,
2016,
there was
$2.9
million and
$3.5
million, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under share incentive plans. As of
March
31,
2017,
the weighted average period over which the unrecognized compensation expense will be recorded is approximately
1.3
years.
 
Effective
April
19,
2017,
the Company granted
151,853
LTIP units with a weighted average grant date fair value of
$10.96
per unit.
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company elected to be taxed and to operate in a manner that will allow it to qualify as a REIT under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) commencing with its taxable year ended
December
31,
2015.
To qualify as a REIT, the Company is required to distribute dividends equal to at least
90%
of the REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and net capital gains) to its stockholders, and meet the various other requirements imposed by the Code relating to matters such as operating results, asset holdings, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership. Provided the Company qualifies for taxation as a REIT, it is generally
not
subject to U.S. federal corporate-level income tax on the earnings distributed currently to its stockholders. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates and any applicable alternative minimum tax. In addition, the Company
may
not be able to re-elect as a REIT for the
four
subsequent taxable years. The entities comprising the Predecessor are limited liability companies and are treated as pass-through entities for income tax purposes. Accordingly, no provision has been made for federal, state or local income or franchise taxes in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
 
In accordance with the FASB ASC Topic
740,
the Company believes that it has appropriate support for the income tax positions taken and, as such, does not have any uncertain tax positions that, if successfully challenged, could result in a material impact on its or the Predecessor’s financial position or results of operation. The prior
three
years’ income tax returns are subject to review by the Internal Revenue Service.
 
Fair Value Measurements
 
Refer to Note
9,
“Fair Value of Financial Instruments”.
 
Derivative Financial Instruments
 
The FASB derivative and hedging guidance establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. As required by the FASB guidance, the Company records all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation.
 
Derivatives used to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives used to hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecast transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivative and the hedged item related to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings. For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is initially reported in other comprehensive income (outside of earnings) and subsequently reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings, and the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized directly in earnings. The Company assesses the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in the fair value or cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument with the changes in the fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction. For derivatives not designated as hedges, changes in fair value would be recognized in earnings.
 
Earnings (Loss) Per Share
 
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding. As of
March
31,
2017
and
2016,
the Company has unvested LTIP Units which provide for non-forfeitable rights to dividend equivalent payments. Accordingly, these unvested LTIP Units are considered participating securities and are included in the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share pursuant to the
two
-class method. The Company does
not
have diluted securities as of
March
31,
2017
or
2016.
 
The effect of the conversion of the
26,317
Class B LLC units outstanding is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive. The income (loss) allocable to such units is reflected as noncontrolling interests in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the periods indicated (unaudited):
 
(dollar in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
T
hree Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Numerator
               
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
  $
(469
)   $
(973
)
Less: net income attributable to participating securities
   
(43
)    
(41
)
Subtotal    $
(512
)   $
(1,014
)
Denominator
               
Weighted average common shares outstanding
   
14,644
     
11,423
 
                 
Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to common stockholders
  $
(0.03
)   $
(0.09
)
 
Recently Issued Pronouncements
 
In
February
2017,
the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No.
2017
-
05,
Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic
610
-
20)
to add guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets, including partial sales of real estate. Historically, U.S. GAAP contained several different accounting models to evaluate whether the transfer of certain assets qualified for sale treatment. ASU
2017
-
05
reduces the number of potential accounting models that might apply and clarifies which model does apply in various circumstances. ASU
2017
-
05
is effective for annual reporting periods after
December
16,
2017,
including interim reporting period within that reporting period. The adoption of ASU
2017
-
05
is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements
 
In
January
2017,
the FASB issued ASU No.
2017
-
01
"Business Combinations – Clarifying the Definition of a Business." ASU
2017
-
01
clarifies that to be considered a business, the elements must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output. The new standard illustrates the circumstances under which real estate with in-place leases would be considered a business and provides guidance for the identification of assets and liabilities in purchase accounting. ASU
2017
-
01
is effective for periods beginning after
December
15,
2017
and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU
2014
-
15
will have on its consolidated financial statements; however, it is expected that the new standard would reduce the number of future real estate acquisitions that will be accounted for as business combinations and, therefore, reduce the amount of acquisition costs that will be expensed.
 
In
November
2016,
the FASB issued ASU No.
2016
-
18
“Statement of Cash Flows (Topic
230)
– Restricted Cash”. The ASU requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The ASU does not provide a definition of restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. The ASU is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after
December
15,
2017,
and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after
December
15,
2018,
and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after
December
15,
2019.
Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating when to adopt ASU No.
2016
-
18.