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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

18. Income Taxes – Income tax expense increased by $1,572 to end at an expense of $3,526 for the three months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to $1,954 for the comparable period in 2017. The tax charge for the quarter included a one-time adjustment in the amount of $1,089 related to the transition tax element of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that was signed into law in December 2017. During the third quarter of 2018 we concluded our review of all historical international tax returns and determined that our liability was higher than estimated initially and accordingly we recorded an adjustment to tax expense in our September 30, 2018 condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the guidance in SAB 118.

 

The effective tax rate for the quarter was 33.4%, as compared to 32.1% in the same period of the prior year.  This included the adjustment of $1,089 and, if excluded, the effective tax rate would have been 23.1%. Income tax expense was $6,966 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, as compared to $5,015 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was 28.2% and 29.2%, respectively. As with the quarter, the nine month period is impacted by the transition tax adjustment of $1,089. Excluding that one-time charge, our tax rate would have been 23.8%. The effective tax rate is based on the projected income for the full year and is subject to ongoing review and adjustment by management.

 

In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Act”)  made broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to, (i) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; and (ii) requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The Act also established new tax laws that affect 2018, including, but not limited to: (i) the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate discussed above; (ii) a general elimination of U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (iii) a new provision designed to tax global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”); (iv) the repeal of the domestic production activity deductions; (v) limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation; and (vi) limitations on the use of foreign tax credits to reduce the U.S. income tax liability. On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) was issued to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act. Additional work including a more detailed analysis of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities and its historical foreign earnings as well as potential correlative adjustments were completed as of the quarter ended September 30, 2018. In this regard, as noted above, the company recorded an expense in the current quarter of $1,089 for the transition tax.