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Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements  
2. Significant Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

(a) Capital assets:

 

The Company uses the successful efforts method of accounting for its oil and gas activities. Costs incurred are deferred until exploration and completion results are evaluated. At such time, costs of activities with economically recoverable reserves are capitalized as proven properties, and costs of unsuccessful or uneconomical activities are expensed.

 

Capitalized drilling costs are reviewed periodically for impairment. Costs related to impaired prospects or unsuccessful exploratory drilling is charged to expense. Management's assessment of the results of exploration activities, commodity price outlooks, planned future sales or expiration of all or a portion of such leaseholds impact the amount and timing of impairment provisions. An impairment expense could result if oil and gas prices decline in the future as it may not be economical to develop some of these unproved properties.

 

Lease options are capitalized as unproved property acquisition costs and are reviewed for impairment if indicators exist that the carrying value of the lease option may not be recoverable.  If the lease options become impaired, expire or are abandoned, the options will be expensed.  If proved reserves are discovered after the options are exercised, these costs will be reclassified as proved property.

 

(b) Equity Method Investments:

 

Companies in which Empire owns a 20% to 50% interest, but does not have a controlling interest, are accounted for by the equity method.  The Company owns 50%  non-controlling interest in Masterson West II.  Masterson West II is accounted for under the equity method and is not required to be consolidated in the financial statements.  The carrying value of the Company's investment in Masterson West II is reflected in the Balance Sheets as Investment in Masterson West II.  For more information about the investment in Masterson West II and the summarized Masterson West II balance sheet, refer to Note 4.

 

(c) Per share amounts:

 

The Company calculates and discloses basic earnings per share ("Basic EPS") and diluted earnings per share ("Diluted EPS"). The computation of basic earnings per share is computed by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during the period.

 

Diluted Earnings per Share ("EPS") gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The computation of Diluted EPS does not assume conversion, exercise or contingent exercise of securities that would have an anti-dilutive effect on losses.  As a result, if there is a loss from continuing operations, Diluted EPS is computed in the same manner as Basic EPS.  At December 31, 2015 and 2016, the Company had 6,250 and 3,287,500 options and warrants outstanding, respectively, that were not included in the calculation of earnings per share for the periods then ended.  Such financial instruments may become dilutive and would then need to be included in future calculations of Diluted EPS.  At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the outstanding options were considered anti-dilutive since the strike prices were above the market price and since the Company has incurred losses year to date.

 

(d) Income taxes:

 

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes.  Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to the taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is established if management determines it is more likely than not that some portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

 

 (e) Financial instruments:

 

The carrying value of current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair value due to the relatively short period to maturity of the instruments.  The carrying value of the convertible debt and investments in Masterson West II also approximate their fair value as of December 31, 2016.  Management's estimates are based on an assessment of qualitative factors that are considered level 3 measurements in the fair value valuation hierarchy required by FASB ASC 820.

 

(f) Stock option plan:

 

The Company expenses options granted over the vesting period based on the grant date fair value of the award.

 

(g) Obligations associated with the retirement of assets:

 

The Company follows Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) guidance on accounting for asset retirement obligations, which among other matters, addresses financial accounting and reporting for legal obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs. This guidance requires that the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation be recognized in the period in which it is incurred, with the associated asset retirement cost capitalized as part of the related asset and allocated to expense over the asset's useful life.  The Company applies its analysis to producing wells.

 

 (h) Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

 

FASB periodically issues new accounting standards in a continuing effort to improve standards of financial accounting and reporting. The Company has reviewed the recently issued pronouncements and concluded that the following new accounting standards are applicable:

 

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, "Compensation-Stock Compensations (Topic 718: Improvements to Employee Share-based Payment Accounting," which changes the accounting and presentation for share-based payment arrangements in the following areas: (i) recognition in the statement of operations of excess tax benefits and deficiencies; (ii) cash flow presentation of excess tax benefit and deficiencies; (iii) minimum statutory withholding thresholds and the classification on the cash flow statement of the withheld amounts; and (iv) an accounting policy election to recognize forfeitures as they occur. This guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this new guidance will have on its financial statements.