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Income taxes
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Income taxes  
12. Income taxes

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount obtained by applying the applicable Federal income tax rate of 21% at year-ends 2019 and 2018 to income before income taxes. The difference relates to the following items:

 

 

2019

 

2018

 

Statutory tax rate

 

21%

 

21%

Expected tax benefit

 

$

(380,000

)

 

$

(214,000

)

Nondeductible expenses

 

0

 

0

 

Increase in valuation allowance

 

380,000

 

214,000

 

Tax provision (benefit) as reported

 

$

0

 

$

0

 

The components of deferred income taxes at December 31, are as follows:

 

2019

 

2018

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

Loss carry-forwards

 

$

2,594,008

 

$

2,278,000

 

Valuation allowance

 

(2,594,008

)

 

(2,278,000

)

 

Net deferred taxes

 

$

0

 

$

0

 

At December 31, 2019, the Company has accumulated net operating loss carryforwards totaling approximately $12.4 million which begin to expire if not utilized starting in 2020.

 

Utilization of the Company's loss carryforwards is dependent on realizing taxable income. Deferred tax assets for these carryforwards have been reduced by a valuation allowance up to an amount equal to estimated deferred tax liability.

 

The Company is no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2016. The Company is not currently the subject of any income tax examinations by any tax authorities.

 

Based upon a review of its income tax filing positions, the Company believes that its positions would be sustained upon an audit and does not anticipate any adjustments that would result in a material change to its financial position. Therefore, no reserves for uncertain income tax positions have been recorded. The Company recognizes interest related to income taxes as interest expense and penalties as operating expenses.