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Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

8. Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements

 

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

 

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

 

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

 

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

 

Fair value estimates of the Company’s financial instruments as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019,

including methods and assumptions utilized, are set forth below:

 

(Dollars in thousands)   As of March 31, 2020  
    Carrying                          
    amount     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total  
Financial assets:                                        
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 28,782     $ 28,782     $ -     $ -     $ 28,782  
Investment securities available-for-sale     314,489       2,057       312,432       -       314,489  
Bank stocks, at cost     3,344        n/a        n/a        n/a        n/a  
Loans, net     553,736       -       -       564,022       564,022  
Loans held for sale     9,753       -       9,753       -       9,753  
Derivative financial instruments     1,576       -       1,576       -       1,576  
Accrued interest receivable     4,508       10       1,716       2,782       4,508  
                                         
Financial liabilities:                                        
Non-maturity deposits   $ (696,317 )   $ (696,317 )   $ -     $ -       (696,317 )
Time deposits     (134,163 )     -       (134,491 )     -       (134,491 )
FHLB borrowings     -       -       -       -       -  
Subordinated debentures     (21,651 )     -       (19,232 )     -       (19,232 )
Other borrowings     (9,202 )     -       (9,202 )     -       (9,202 )
Accrued interest payable     (362 )     -       (362 )     -       (362 )
Derivative financial instruments     (1,128 )     -       (1,128 )     -       (1,128 )

 

    As of December 31, 2019  
    Carrying                          
    amount     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Total  
Financial assets:                                        
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 13,694     $ 13,694     $ -     $ -     $ 13,694  
Investment securities available-for-sale     362,998       2,316       360,682       -       362,998  
Bank stocks, at cost     3,109        n/a        n/a        n/a        n/a  
Loans, net     532,180       -       -       538,427       538,427  
Loans held for sale     8,497       -       8,497       -       8,497  
Derivative financial instruments     532       -       532       -       532  
Accrued interest receivable     4,557       2       1,895       2,660       4,557  
                                         
Financial liabilities:                                        
Non-maturity deposits   $ (687,985 )   $ (687,985 )   $ -     $ -       (687,985 )
Time deposits     (147,063 )     -       (146,390 )     -       (146,390 )
FHLB borrowings     (3,000 )     -       (3,000 )     -       (3,000 )
Subordinated debentures     (21,651 )     -       (19,527 )     -       (19,527 )
Other borrowings     (17,548 )     -       (17,548 )     -       (17,548 )
Accrued interest payable     (404 )     -       (404 )     -       (404 )
Derivative financial instruments     (50 )     -       (50 )     -       (50 )

 

Transfers

 

The Company did not transfer any assets or liabilities among levels during the three months ended March 31, 2020 or during the year ended December 31, 2019.

 

Valuation Methods for Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

 

The following tables represent the Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, allocated to the appropriate fair value hierarchy:

 

(Dollars in thousands)         As of March 31, 2020  
          Fair value hierarchy  
    Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3  
Assets:                        
Available-for-sale investment securities:                                
U. S. treasury securities   $ 2,057     $ 2,057     $ -     $ -  
U. S. federal agency obligations     2,163       -       2,163       -  
Municipal obligations, tax exempt     141,683       -       141,683       -  
Municipal obligations, taxable     50,057       -       50,057       -  
Agency mortgage-backed securities     116,624       -       116,624       -  
Certificates of deposit     1,905       -       1,905       -  
Loans held for sale     9,753       -       9,753       -  
Derivative financial instruments     1,576       -       1,576       -  
Liability:                                
Derivative financial instruments     (1,128 )     -       (1,128 )     -  

 

          As of December 31, 2019  
          Fair value hierarchy  
    Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3  
Assets:                        
Available-for-sale investment securities:                                
U. S. treasury securities   $ 2,316     $ 2,316     $ -     $ -  
U. S. federal agency obligations     4,106       -       4,106       -  
Municipal obligations, tax exempt     145,862       -       145,862       -  
Municipal obligations, taxable     46,779       -       46,779       -  
Agency mortgage-backed securities     162,031       -       162,031       -  
Certificates of deposit     1,904       -       1,904       -  
Loans held for sale     8,497       -       8,497       -  
Derivative financial instruments     532       -       532       -  
Liability:                                
Derivative financial instruments     (50 )     -       (50 )     -  

 

The Company’s investment securities classified as available-for-sale include U.S. treasury securities, U.S. federal agency obligations, municipal obligations, agency mortgage-backed securities and certificates of deposits. Quoted exchange prices are available for the Company’s U.S treasury securities, which are classified as Level 1. U.S. federal agency securities and agency mortgage-backed securities are priced utilizing industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including time value, yield curves, volatility factors, prepayment speeds, default rates, loss severity, current market and contractual prices for the underlying financial instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace, can be derived from observable data, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. These measurements are classified as Level 2. Municipal obligations are valued using a type of matrix, or grid, pricing in which securities are benchmarked against U.S. treasury rates based on credit rating. These model and matrix measurements are classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

 

Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale securities are included in other comprehensive income to the extent the changes are not considered other-than-temporary impairments. Other-than-temporary impairment tests are performed on a quarterly basis and any decline in the fair value of an individual security below its cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a write-down of that security’s cost basis.

  

Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at fair value. The mortgage loan valuations are based on quoted secondary market prices for similar loans and are classified as Level 2. Changes in the fair value of mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market and derivative financial instruments are included in gains on sales of loans.

 

The aggregate fair value, contractual balance (including accrued interest), and gain on loans held for sale were as follows:

 

    As of     As of  
    March 31,     December 31,  
(Dollars in thousands)   2020     2019  
Aggregate fair value   $ 9,753     $ 8,497  
Contractual balance     9,707       8,316  
Gain   $ 46     $ 181  

 

The Company’s derivative financial instruments consist of interest rate lock commitments and corresponding forward sales contracts on mortgage loans held for sale. The fair values of these derivatives are based on quoted prices for similar loans in the secondary market. The market prices are adjusted by a factor, based on the Company’s historical data and its judgment about future economic trends, which considers the likelihood that a commitment will ultimately result in a closed loan. These instruments are classified as Level 2. The amounts are included in other assets or other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and gains on sales of loans, net in the consolidated statements of earnings. The total amount of gains from changes in fair value of loans held for sale included in earnings were as follows:

 

    Three months ended  
    March 31,  
(Dollars in thousands)   2020     2019  
Interest income   $ 56     $ 51  
Change in fair value     (135 )     148  
Total change in fair value   $ (79 )   $ 199  

 

Valuation Methods for Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

 

The Company does not record its loan portfolio at fair value. Collateral-dependent impaired loans are generally carried at the lower of cost or fair value of the collateral, less estimated selling costs. Collateral values are determined based on appraisals performed by qualified licensed appraisers hired by the Company and then further adjusted if warranted based on relevant facts and circumstances. The appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales and income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Impaired loans are reviewed and evaluated at least quarterly for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors identified above. The carrying value of the Company’s impaired loans was $10.6 million and $8.7 million, with an allocated allowance of $543,000 and $733,000, at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

 

Real estate owned includes assets acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure and land previously acquired for expansion. Real estate owned is initially recorded at the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs. Subsequent valuations are updated periodically and are based upon independent appraisals, third party price opinions or internal pricing models. The appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including the comparable sales and income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are typically significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Real estate owned is reviewed and evaluated at least annually for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors identified above.

 

The following tables represent the Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 allocated to the appropriate fair value hierarchy:

 

(Dollars in thousands)                  
          As of March 31, 2020     Total  
          Fair value hierarchy     (losses)/  
    Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     gains  
Assets:                                        
Impaired loans:                                        
One-to-four family residential real estate   $ 240     $ -     $ -     $ 240     $ 1  
Commercial real estate     144       -       -       144       51  
Commercial     661       -       -       661       (31 )
Agriculture     140       -       -       140       70  

 

          As of December 31, 2019     Total  
          Fair value hierarchy     (losses)/  
    Total     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     gains  
Assets:                                        
Impaired loans:                                        
One-to-four family residential real estate   $ 240     $ -     $ -     $ 240     $ (15 )
Commercial real estate     100       -       -       100       (103 )
Commercial     678       -       -       678       (177 )
Agriculture     405       -       -       405       (93 )

 

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

 

(Dollars in thousands)                    
    Fair value     Valuation technique   Unobservable inputs   Range  
As of March 31, 2020                        
Impaired loans:                        
One-to-four family residential real estate   $ 240     Sales comparison   Adjustment to appraised value     0%-25 %
Commercial real estate     144     Sales comparison   Adjustment to appraised value     15 %
Commercial     661     Sales comparison   Adjustment to comparable sales     0%-69 %
Agriculture     140     Sales comparison   Adjustment to appraised value     0%-30 %
                         
As of December 31, 2019                        
Impaired loans:                        
One-to-four family residential real estate   $ 240     Sales comparison   Adjustment to appraised value     0%-25 %
Commercial real estate     100     Sales comparison   Adjustment to appraised value     15 %
Commercial     678     Sales comparison   Adjustment to comparable sales     0%-75 %
Agriculture     405     Sales comparison   Adjustment to appraised value     0%-30 %