<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001564590-20-026177.txt : 20200519
<SEC-HEADER>0001564590-20-026177.hdr.sgml : 20200519
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20200519163135
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001564590-20-026177
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-8
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		5
FILED AS OF DATE:		20200519
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20200519
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20200519

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000949858
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	IN VITRO & IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES [2835]
		IRS NUMBER:				954343413
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-8
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-238505
		FILM NUMBER:		20894094

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 PIKE STREET
		STREET 2:		SUITE 2250
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98101
		BUSINESS PHONE:		425-686-1500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		520 PIKE STREET
		STREET 2:		SUITE 2250
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98101

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ONCOGENEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SONUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950825
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-8
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<FILENAME>achv-s8.htm
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 19, 2020</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Registration No.&#160;333-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:4pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">UNITED STATES </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 </p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">FORM S-8 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">UNDER THE </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:24pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.02%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:48.48%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Delaware</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">95-4343413</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">incorporation or organization)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(I.R.S. Employer</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Identification Number)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Vancouver, BC V6E 4H1</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(604) 210-2217 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant&#8217;s principal executive offices) </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2018 Equity Incentive Plan </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Full title of the plan) </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:8pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Richard Stewart </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chairman and Chief Executive Officer </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Vancouver, BC V6E 4H1</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(604) 210-2217 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Please send copies of all communications to: </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Alan Smith, Esq. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Robert Freedman, Esq. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Amanda Rose, Esq. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Fenwick &amp; West LLP </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1191 Second Avenue, Floor 10 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Seattle, WA 98101 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(206) 389-4510&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU2"></a><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Large&#160;accelerated&#160;filer</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9744;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Accelerated&#160;filer</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9744;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Non-accelerated filer</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9744;<font style="font-family:Times New Roman;">&#160;&#160;</font></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Smaller&#160;reporting&#160;company</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9746;</p></td>
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<tr style="height:6pt;">
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Emerging&#160;growth&#160;company</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9744;</p></td>
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</table></div>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.&#160;&#160;<font style="font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;">&#9744;</font> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE </p>
<div>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;">
<tr>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:4pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:13%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:13%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:13%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:13%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Title of Securities</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">to be Registered</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Amount</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">to be</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Registered&#160;(1)</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Proposed</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Maximum</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Offering Price</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Per Unit</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Proposed</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Maximum</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Aggregate</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Offering Price</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Amount of</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Registration Fee</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Common Stock, $0.001 par value</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:29.85pt;">
<td colspan="2" valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.75pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:double 2.5pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212; To be issued under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.75pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:double 2.5pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.75pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:double 2.5pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1,500,000 <sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(2)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.75pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:double 2.5pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.75pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:double 2.5pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$0.3790<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(3)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.75pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:double 2.5pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.75pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:double 2.5pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$568,500</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.4pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.75pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:double 2.5pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.4pt;padding-Bottom:0.75pt;width:auto; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:double 2.5pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$73.79</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.75pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:4%; border-top:double 2.5pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br />(1)</p></td>
<td colspan="9" valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.75pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto; border-top:double 2.5pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br />Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Securities Act</font>&#8221;), this Registration Statement shall also cover any additional shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock that become issuable under the Registrant&#8217;s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization or other similar transaction effected without the receipt of consideration that increases the number of the Registrant&#8217;s outstanding shares of common stock. </p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:4%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(2)</p></td>
<td colspan="9" valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Represents additional shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the Registrant&#8217;s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">2018 Plan</font>&#8221;) resulting from stockholder approval of an amendment to the 2018 Plan on May 12, 2020. </p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:40.5pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:4%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(3)</p></td>
<td colspan="9" valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Calculated solely for the purposes of this offering under Rules 457(c) and (h)&#160;of the Securities Act based on the average of the high and low prices of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market on May 18, 2020. </p></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br /></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;"><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU3"></a><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">EXPLANA</font><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">TORY NOTE</font></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">REGISTRATION OF ADDITIONAL SHARES PURSUANT TO GENERAL INSTRUCTION E </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to General Instruction E of Form S-8, Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Registrant</font>&#8221;) is filing this Registration Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Commission</font>&#8221;) to register 1,500,000 additional shares of common stock under the Registrant&#8217;s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (&#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">EIP</font>&#8221;), in connection with the stockholder approval of an amendment to the 2018 Plan on May 12, 2020. </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">This Registration Statement hereby incorporates by reference the contents of the Registrant&#8217;s registration statements on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on November 7, 2018 (<a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459018028096/achv-s8.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#0000FF;">Registration No.&#160;333-228253</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">), May 15, 2019 (</font><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459018028096/achv-s8.htm"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459019019453/achv-s8.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Registration No. 333-231520</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">) and January 24, 2020 (</font><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459018028096/achv-s8.htm"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459019019453/achv-s8.htm"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459020001895/achv-s8.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Registration No. 333-236059</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">). In accordance with the instructional note to Part I of Form S-8 as promulgated by the Commission, the information specified by Part I of Form S-8 has been omitted from this Registration Statement. </font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;"><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU4"></a><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">PART II </font></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:8%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item&#160;3.</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Incorporation of Documents by Reference. </p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The following documents filed by the Registrant with the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Exchange Act</font>&#8221;) are incorporated herein by reference: </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:4%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:4%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459020010642/achv-10k_20191231.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December&#160;31, 2019, filed with the Commission March 13, 2020 pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act;</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<tr>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:4%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:4%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">all other reports filed pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since the end of the fiscal year covered by the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report referred to in (a)&#160;above; and </p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;  margin-left:0.05%;width:99.95%;">
<tr>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:4%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:4%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">the description of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock contained in the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on September&#160;27, 1995 (paper filing), pursuant to Section&#160;12(b) of the Exchange Act, including any other amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description. </p></td>
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</table></div>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">All documents filed by the Registrant pursuant to Section&#160;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the filing of this Registration Statement and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered hereby have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement and to be a part hereof from the date of filing such documents, except as to specific sections of such documents as set forth therein. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained in any subsequently filed document which also is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:8%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item&#160;8.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibits. </p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The following exhibits are filed herewith: </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<td rowspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit<br />Number</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Incorporated by Reference</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:auto; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:auto; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.5pt;width:auto; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Filed<br />Herewith</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:auto; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:0.7%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit Description</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:0.7%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.5pt;width:auto; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Form</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:0.66%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:0.7%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.5pt;width:auto; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">File No.</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:0.64%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:0.68%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.5pt;width:auto; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:1.94%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:0.72%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.5pt;width:auto; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Filing Date</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:auto; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;width:auto; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.1</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312513239609/d545668dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.64%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.68%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5/29/2013</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.2</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312515198684/d930204dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.64%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.68%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5/22/2015</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.3</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517245915/d436251dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Reverse Stock Split) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8/2/2017</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.4</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517245915/d436251dex32.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Name Change) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.64%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.2</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8/2/2017</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.5</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517328118/d487695dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Removal of Cumulative Voting) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.64%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.68%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">11/1/2017</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.6</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517328118/d487695dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Reverse Stock Split) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.64%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.68%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5/23/2018</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.7</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312518171467/d587288dex32.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Increase in Authorized Shares) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.64%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.68%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.2</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5/23/2018</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU5"></a><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.8</font></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517003020/d310875dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Sixth Amended and Restated Bylaws</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.68%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1/5/2017</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.9</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459018028073/achv-ex31_529.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Amendment (Virtual Meeting) to Sixth Amended and Restated Bylaws</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-Q</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.64%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">11/7/2018</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.10</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000091228208001616/ex4_1.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Form of Registrant&#8217;s Common Stock certificate</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-Q</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">000-21243</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.1</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">11/10/2008</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.11</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="achv-ex411_36.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">2018 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">X</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.1</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="achv-ex51_6.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Opinion of Fenwick &amp; West LLP</font></a></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">X</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">23.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="achv-ex51_6.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Consent of Fenwick &amp; West LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1)</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.64%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.68%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">X</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">23.2</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="achv-ex232_7.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.64%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.68%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.6%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.88%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">X</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:7.1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">24.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="#POWER_ATTORNEY"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Power of Attorney (included on the signature page to this Registration Statement)</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:5.8%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.86%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:9.26%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.64%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.68%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.04%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:2.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">X</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:37.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.7%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.68%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.72%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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</table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;"><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU6"></a><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">SIGNATURES </font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Vancouver, Province of British Columbia, on this 19th day of May, 2020. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:40%;">
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<td style="width:3.19%;"></td>
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<td style="width:36.06%;"></td>
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<td colspan="3" valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">By:</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.4pt; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Richard Stewart</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Richard Stewart</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;font-style:italic;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chief Executive Officer and Chairman</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="POWER_ATTORNEY"></a><a name="POWER_ATTORNEY"></a>POWER OF ATTORNEY </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS<font style="font-weight:normal;">, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Richard Stewart and John Bencich, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement on Form S-8, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his or her substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Name</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:46.2%;">
<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Title</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:24.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Date</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Richard Stewart</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Richard Stewart</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:46.2%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chief Executive Officer, Chairman and Director</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Principal Executive Officer)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:24.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 19, 2020</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ John Bencich</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">John Bencich</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:46.2%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chief Financial Officer</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:24.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 19, 2020</p></td>
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<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Anthony Clarke</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Anthony Clarke</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:46.2%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:24.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 19, 2020</p></td>
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<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Scott Cormack</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Scott Cormack</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:46.2%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:24.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 19, 2020</p></td>
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<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Donald R. Joseph</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Donald R. Joseph</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:46.2%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:24.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 19, 2020</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Martin Mattingly</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Martin Mattingly</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:46.2%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:24.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 19, 2020</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Jay M. Moyes</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Jay M. Moyes</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:0.58%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:46.2%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:1.3%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:24.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 19, 2020</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:auto;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:27.44%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ H. Stewart Parker</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">H. Stewart Parker</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:46.2%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:24.48%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 19, 2020</p></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.11
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>achv-ex411_36.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-4.11
<TEXT>
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<p style="text-align:right;Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit 4.11</p>
<p style="text-align:center;Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2018 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">PURPOSE</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The purpose of this Plan is to provide incentives to attract, retain and motivate eligible persons whose present and potential contributions are important to the success of the Company, and any Parents, Subsidiaries and Affiliates that exist now or in the future, by offering them an opportunity to participate in the Company&#8217;s future performance through the grant of Awards. Capitalized terms not defined elsewhere in the text are defined in Section&#160;28.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2.&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">SHARES SUBJECT TO THE PLAN</font>.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2.1<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Number of Shares Available</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Subject to Sections 2.6 and 21 and any other applicable provisions hereof, the total number of Shares reserved and available for grant and issuance pursuant to this Plan as of the date of adoption of the Plan by the Board, is </font><font style="font-weight:normal;color:#000000;">4,310,314</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">, plus (a) any reserved shares not issued or subject to outstanding grants under the Company&#8217;s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the &#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Prior Plan</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221;) on the Effective Date, (b) shares that are subject to stock options or other awards granted under the Prior Plan that cease to be subject to such stock options or other awards, by forfeiture or otherwise, after the Effective Date, (c) shares issued under the Prior Plan before or after the Effective Date pursuant to the exercise of stock options that are forfeited after the Effective Date, (d) shares issued under the Prior Plan that are repurchased by the Company at the original issue price and (e) shares that are subject to stock options or other awards under the Prior Plan that are used to pay the exercise price of an option or withheld to satisfy the tax withholding obligations related to any award.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2.2<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Lapsed, Returned Awards</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Shares subject to Awards, and Shares issued under the Plan under any Award, will again be available for grant and issuance in connection with subsequent Awards under this Plan to the extent such Shares: (a)&#160;are subject to issuance upon exercise of an Option or SAR granted under this Plan but which cease to be subject to the Option or SAR for any reason other than exercise of the Option or SAR; (b)&#160;are subject to Awards granted under this Plan that are forfeited or are repurchased by the Company at the original issue price; (c)&#160;are subject to Awards granted under this Plan that otherwise terminate without such Shares being issued; or (d)&#160;are surrendered pursuant to an Exchange Program. To the extent an Award under the Plan is paid out in cash or other property rather than Shares, such cash payment will not result in reducing the number of Shares available for issuance under the Plan. Shares used to pay the exercise price of an Award or withheld to satisfy the tax withholding obligations related to an Award will become available for future grant or sale under the Plan. For the avoidance of doubt, Shares that otherwise become available for grant and issuance because of the provisions of this Section&#160;2.2 shall not include Shares subject to Awards that initially became available because of the substitution clause in Section&#160;21.2 hereof.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2.3<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Minimum Share Reserve</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. At all times the Company shall reserve and keep available a sufficient number of Shares as shall be required to satisfy the requirements of all outstanding Awards granted under this Plan.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2.4<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Automatic Share Reserve Increase</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The number of Shares available for grant and issuance under the Plan shall be increased on January&#160;1, of each of 2018 through 2027, by the lesser of (a)&#160;five percent (5%) of the number of Shares issued and outstanding on each December&#160;31 immediately prior to the date of increase or (b)&#160;such number of Shares determined by the Board.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2.5<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Limitations</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. No more than 12,000,000 Shares shall be issued pursuant to the exercise of ISOs.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU2"></a>2.6<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Adjustment of Shares</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. If the number of outstanding Shares is changed by a stock dividend, extraordinary dividends or distributions (whether in cash, shares or other property, other than a regular cash dividend),&#160;spin-off,&#160;recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, subdivision, combination, reclassification or similar change in the capital structure of the Company, without consideration, then (a)&#160;the number of Shares reserved for issuance and future grant under the Plan set forth in Section&#160;2.1, including Shares reserved under&#160;sub-clauses&#160;(a)&#8211;(e) of Section&#160;2.1, (b)&#160;the Exercise Prices of and number of Shares subject to outstanding Options and SARs, (c)&#160;the number of Shares subject to other outstanding Awards, and (d)&#160;the maximum number of Shares that may be issued as ISOs set forth in Section&#160;2.5 shall be proportionately adjusted, subject to any required action by the Board or the </font></p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:normal;">stockholders of the Company and in compliance with applicable securities laws; provided that fractions of a Sha</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">re will not be issued.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If, by reason of an adjustment pursuant to this Section&#160;2.6, a Participant&#8217;s Award Agreement or other agreement related to any Award or the Shares subject to such Award covers additional or different shares of stock or securities, then such additional or different shares, and the Award Agreement or such other agreement in respect thereof, shall be subject to all of the terms, conditions and restrictions which were applicable to the Award or the Shares subject to such Award prior to such adjustment.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">ELIGIBILITY</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. ISOs may be granted only to Employees. All other Awards may be granted to Employees, Consultants, Directors and&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Directors;&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">provided</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;such Consultants, Directors and&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Directors render bona fide services not in connection with the offer and sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">ADMINISTRATION</font>.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.1<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Committee Composition; Authority</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. This Plan will be administered by the Committee or by the Board acting as the Committee. Subject to the general purposes, terms and conditions of this Plan, and to the direction of the Board, the Committee will have full power to implement and carry out this Plan, except, however, the Board shall establish the terms for the grant of an Award to&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Directors. The Committee will have the authority to:</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a) construe and interpret this Plan, any Award Agreement and any other agreement or document executed pursuant to this Plan;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b) prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to this Plan or any Award;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c) select persons to receive Awards;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(d) determine the form and terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, of any Award granted hereunder. Such terms and conditions include, but are not limited to, the exercise price, the time or times when Awards may vest and be exercised (which may be based on performance criteria) or settled, any vesting acceleration or waiver of forfeiture restrictions, the method to satisfy tax withholding obligations or any other tax liability legally due and any restriction or limitation regarding any Award or the Shares relating thereto, based in each case on such factors as the Committee will determine;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(e) determine the number of Shares or other consideration subject to Awards;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(f) determine the Fair Market Value in good faith and interpret the applicable provisions of this Plan and the definition of Fair Market Value in connection with circumstances that impact the Fair Market Value, if necessary;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(g) determine whether Awards will be granted singly, in combination with, in tandem with, in replacement of, or as alternatives to, other Awards under this Plan or any other incentive or compensation plan of the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(h) grant waivers of Plan or Award conditions;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(i) determine the vesting, exercisability and payment of Awards;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(j) correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in this Plan, any Award or any Award Agreement;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(k) determine whether an Award has been earned or has vested;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(l) determine the terms and conditions of any, and to institute any Exchange Program;</p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU3"></a><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(m) reduce or waive any criteria with respect to Performance Factors;</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(n) adjust Performance Factors to take into account changes in law and accounting or tax rules as the Committee deems necessary or appropriate to reflect the impact of extraordinary or unusual items, events or circumstances to avoid windfalls or hardships;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(o) adopt rules and/or procedures (including the adoption of any subplan under this Plan) relating to the operation and administration of the Plan to accommodate requirements of local law and procedures outside of the United States or qualify Awards for special tax treatment under laws of jurisdictions other than the United States;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(p) make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of this Plan;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(q) delegate any of the foregoing to one or more executive officers pursuant to a specific delegation as permitted by applicable law, including Section&#160;157(c) of the Delaware General Corporation Law; and</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(r) to exercise negative discretion on Performance Awards, reducing or eliminating the amount to be paid to Participants.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.2<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Committee&#160;Interpretation and Discretion</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Any determination made by the Committee with respect to any Award shall be made in its sole discretion at the time of grant of the Award or, unless in contravention of any express term of the Plan or Award, at any later time, and such determination shall be final and binding on the Company and all persons having an interest in any Award under the Plan. Any dispute regarding the interpretation of the Plan or any Award Agreement shall be submitted by the Participant or Company to the Committee for review. The resolution of such a dispute by the Committee shall be final and binding on the Company and the Participant. The Committee may delegate to one or more executive officers the authority to review and resolve disputes with respect to Awards held by Participants who are not Insiders, and such resolution shall be final and binding on the Company and the Participant.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.3<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;"> Section&#160;16 of the Exchange Act</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Awards granted to Participants who are subject to Section&#160;16 of the Exchange Act must be approved by two or more &#8220;non-employee&#160;directors&#8221; (as defined in the regulations promulgated under Section&#160;16 of the Exchange Act).</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.4<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Documentation</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The Award Agreement for a given Award, the Plan and any other documents may be delivered to, and accepted by, a Participant or any other person in any manner (including electronic distribution or posting) that meets applicable legal requirements.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.5<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Foreign Award Recipients</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in order to comply with the laws and practices in other countries in which the Company and its Subsidiaries and Affiliates operate or have employees or other individuals eligible for Awards, the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall have the power and authority to: (a)&#160;determine which Subsidiaries and Affiliates shall be covered by the Plan; (b)&#160;determine which individuals outside the United States are eligible to participate in the Plan, which may include individuals who provide services to the Company, Subsidiary or Affiliate under an agreement with a foreign nation or agency; (c)&#160;modify the terms and conditions of any Award granted to individuals outside the United States or foreign nationals to comply with applicable foreign laws, policies, customs and practices; (d)&#160;establish subplans and modify exercise procedures and other terms and procedures, to the extent the Committee determines such actions to be necessary or advisable (and such subplans and/or modifications shall be attached to this Plan as appendices); provided, however, that no such subplans and/or modifications shall increase the share limitations contained in Section&#160;2.1 hereof; and (e)&#160;take any action, before or after</font>&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">an Award is made, that the Committee determines to be necessary or advisable to obtain approval or comply with any local governmental regulatory exemptions or approvals. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may not take any actions hereunder, and no Awards shall be granted, that would violate the Exchange Act or any other applicable United States securities law, the Code, or any other applicable United States governing statute or law.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">OPTIONS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. An Option is the right but not the obligation to purchase a Share, subject to certain conditions, if applicable. The Committee may grant Options to eligible Employees, Consultants and Directors and will determine </font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:normal;">whether such Options will be</font><font style="font-weight:normal;"> Incentive Stock Options within the meaning of the Code (&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">ISOs</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221;) or Nonqualified Stock Options (&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">NSOs</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221;), the number of Shares subject to the Option, the Exercise Price of the Option, the period during which the Option may vest and be exercised, and all oth</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">er terms and conditions of the Option, subject to the following terms of this section.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.1<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Option Grant</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Each Option granted under this Plan will identify the Option as an ISO or an NSO. An Option may be, but need not be, awarded upon satisfaction of such Performance Factors during any Performance Period as are set out in advance in the Participant&#8217;s individual Award Agreement. If the Option is being earned upon the satisfaction of Performance Factors, then the Committee will: (a)&#160;determine the nature, length and starting date of any Performance Period for each Option; and (b)&#160;select from among the Performance Factors to be used to measure the performance, if any. Performance Periods may overlap and Participants may participate simultaneously with respect to Options that are subject to different performance goals and other criteria.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.2<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Date of Grant</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The date of grant of an Option will be the date on which the Committee makes the determination to grant such Option, or a specified future date. The Award Agreement and a copy of this Plan will be delivered to the Participant within a reasonable time after the granting of the Option.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.3<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Exercise Period</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Options may be vested and exercisable within the times or upon the conditions as set forth in the Award Agreement governing such Option;&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">provided</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">,&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">however</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">, that no Option will be exercisable after the expiration of ten (10)&#160;years from the date the Option is granted; and&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">provided further</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;that no ISO granted to a person who, at the time the ISO is granted, directly or by attribution owns more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or of any Parent or Subsidiary (&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Ten Percent Stockholder</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221;) will be exercisable after the expiration of five (5)&#160;years from the date the ISO is granted. The Committee also may provide for Options to become exercisable at one time or from time to time, periodically or otherwise, in such number of Shares or percentage of Shares as the Committee determines.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.4<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Exercise Price</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The Exercise Price of an Option will be determined by the Committee when the Option is granted; provided that: (a)&#160;the Exercise Price of an Option will be not less than one hundred percent (100%) of the Fair Market Value of the Shares on the date of grant and (b)&#160;the Exercise Price of any ISO granted to a Ten Percent Stockholder will not be less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value of the Shares on the date of grant. Payment for the Shares purchased may be made in accordance with Section&#160;11 and the Award Agreement and in accordance with any procedures established by the Company.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.5<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Method of Exercise</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Any Option granted hereunder will be vested and exercisable according to the terms of the Plan and at such times and under such conditions as determined by the Committee and set forth in the Award Agreement. An Option may not be exercised for a fraction of a Share. An Option will be deemed exercised when the Company receives: (a)&#160;notice of exercise (in such form as the Committee may specify from time to time) from the person entitled to exercise the Option (and/or via electronic execution through the authorized third-party administrator), and (b)&#160;full payment for the Shares with respect to which the Option is exercised (together with applicable withholding taxes). Full payment may consist of any consideration and method of payment authorized by the Committee and permitted by the Award Agreement and the Plan. Shares issued upon exercise of an Option will be issued in the name of the Participant. Until the Shares are issued (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company), no right to vote or receive dividends or any other rights as a stockholder will exist with respect to the Shares, notwithstanding the exercise of the Option. The Company will issue (or cause to be issued) such Shares promptly after the Option is exercised. No adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the Shares are issued, except as provided in Section&#160;2.6 of the Plan. Exercising an Option in any manner will decrease the number of Shares thereafter available, both for purposes of the Plan and for sale under the Option, by the number of Shares as to which the Option is exercised.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.6<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Termination of Service</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. If the Participant&#8217;s Service terminates for any reason except for Cause or the Participant&#8217;s death or Disability, then the Participant may exercise such Participant&#8217;s Options only to the extent that such Options would have been exercisable by the Participant on the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates no later than three (3)&#160;months after the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates (or such shorter time period not less than thirty (30)&#160;days or longer time period as may be determined by the Committee, with any exercise beyond three (3)&#160;months </font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:normal;">after the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates deemed to be the exercise of an NSO), but in any event no later than the expiration date of the Options.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a)&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Death</font>. If the Participant&#8217;s Service terminates because of the Participant&#8217;s death (or the Participant dies within three (3)&#160;months after Participant&#8217;s Service terminates other than for Cause or because of the Participant&#8217;s Disability), then the Participant&#8217;s Options may be exercised only to the extent that such Options would have been exercisable by the Participant on the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates and must be exercised by the Participant&#8217;s legal representative, or authorized assignee, no later than twelve (12)&#160;months after the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates (or such shorter time period not less than six (6)&#160;months or longer time period as may be determined by the Committee), but in any event no later than the expiration date of the Options.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b)&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Disability</font>. If the Participant&#8217;s Service terminates because of the Participant&#8217;s Disability, then the Participant&#8217;s Options may be exercised only to the extent that such Options would have been exercisable by the Participant on the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates and must be exercised by the Participant (or the Participant&#8217;s legal representative or authorized assignee) no later than twelve (12)&#160;months after the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates (or such shorter time period not less than six (6)&#160;months or longer time period as may be determined by the Committee, with any exercise beyond (a)&#160;three (3) months after the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates when the termination of Service is for a Disability that is not a &#8220;permanent and total disability&#8221; as defined in Section&#160;22(e)(3) of the Code, or (b)&#160;twelve (12) months after the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates when the termination of Service is for a Disability that is a &#8220;permanent and total disability&#8221; as defined in Section&#160;22(e)(3) of the Code, deemed to be exercise of an NSO), but in any event no later than the expiration date of the Options.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c)&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Cause</font>. If the Participant&#8217;s Service is terminated for Cause, then Participant&#8217;s Options shall expire on such Participant&#8217;s date of termination of Service, or at such later time and on such conditions as are determined by the Committee, but in any event no later than the expiration date of the Options. Unless otherwise provided in an employment agreement or the Award Agreement, Cause shall have the meaning set forth in the Plan.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.7<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Limitations on Exercise</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The Committee may specify a minimum number of Shares that may be purchased on any exercise of an Option, provided that such minimum number will not prevent any Participant from exercising the Option for the full number of Shares for which it is then exercisable.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.8<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Limitations on ISOs</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. With respect to Awards granted as ISOs, to the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value of the Shares with respect to which such ISOs are exercisable for the first time by the Participant during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company and any Parent or Subsidiary) exceeds one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000), such Options will be treated as NSOs. For purposes of this Section&#160;5.8, ISOs will be taken into account in the order in which they were granted. The Fair Market Value of the Shares will be determined as of the time the Option with respect to such Shares is granted. In the event that the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder are amended after the Effective Date to provide for a different limit on the Fair Market Value of Shares permitted to be subject to ISOs, such different limit will be automatically incorporated herein and will apply to any Options granted after the effective date of such amendment.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.9<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Modification, Extension or Renewal</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The Committee may modify, extend or renew outstanding Options and authorize the grant of new Options in substitution therefor, provided that any such action may not, without the written consent of a Participant, impair any of such Participant&#8217;s rights under any Option previously granted. Any outstanding ISO that is modified, extended, renewed or otherwise altered will be treated in accordance with Section&#160;424(h) of the Code.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.10<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">No Disqualification</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Plan, no term of this Plan relating to ISOs will be interpreted, amended or altered, nor will any discretion or authority granted under this Plan be exercised, so as to disqualify this Plan under Section&#160;422 of the Code or, without the consent of the Participant affected, to disqualify any ISO under Section&#160;422 of the Code.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">6.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">RESTRICTED STOCK AWARDS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. A Restricted Stock Award is an offer by the Company to sell to an eligible Employee, Consultant, or Director Shares that are subject to restrictions (&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Restricted Stock</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221;). The Committee will determine to whom an offer will be made, the number of Shares the Participant may purchase, the Purchase&#160;Price, </font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:normal;">the restrictions under which the Shares will be subject and all other terms and co</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">nditions of the Restricted Stock Award, subject to the Plan.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">6.1<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Restricted&#160;Stock&#160;Purchase Agreement</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. All purchases under a Restricted Stock Award will be evidenced by an Award Agreement. Except as may otherwise be provided in an Award Agreement, a Participant accepts a Restricted Stock Award by signing and delivering to the Company an Award Agreement with full payment of the Purchase Price, within thirty (30)&#160;days from the date the Award Agreement was delivered to the Participant. If the Participant does not accept such Award within thirty (30)&#160;days, then the offer of such Restricted Stock Award will terminate, unless the Committee determines otherwise.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">6.2<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Purchase&#160;Price</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The Purchase Price for a Restricted Stock Award will be determined by the Committee and may be less than Fair Market Value on the date the Restricted Stock Award is granted. Payment of the Purchase Price must be made in accordance with Section&#160;11 of the Plan, and the Award Agreement and in accordance with any procedures established by the Company.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">6.3<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Terms of Restricted Stock Awards</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Restricted Stock Awards will be subject to such restrictions as the Committee may impose or are required by law. These restrictions may be based on completion of a specified number of years of service with the Company or upon completion of Performance Factors, if any, during any Performance Period as set out in advance in the Participant&#8217;s Award Agreement. Prior to the grant of a Restricted Stock Award, the Committee shall: (a)&#160;determine the nature, length and starting date of any Performance Period for the Restricted Stock Award; (b)&#160;select from among the Performance Factors to be used to measure performance goals, if any; and (c)&#160;determine the number of Shares that may be awarded to the Participant. Performance Periods may overlap and a Participant may participate simultaneously with respect to Restricted Stock Awards that are subject to different Performance Periods and having different performance goals and other criteria.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">6.4<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Termination of Service</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Except as may be set forth in the Participant&#8217;s Award Agreement, vesting ceases on such date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates (unless determined otherwise by the Committee).</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">7.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">STOCK BONUS AWARDS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. A Stock Bonus Award is an award to an eligible Employee, Consultant, or Director of Shares for Services to be rendered or for past Services already rendered to the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate. All Stock Bonus Awards shall be made pursuant to an Award Agreement. No payment from the Participant will be required for Shares awarded pursuant to a Stock Bonus Award.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">7.1.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Terms of Stock Bonus Awards</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The Committee will determine the number of Shares to be awarded to the Participant under a Stock Bonus Award and any restrictions thereon. These restrictions may be based upon completion of a specified number of years of service with the Company or upon satisfaction of performance goals based on Performance Factors during any Performance Period as set out in advance in the Participant&#8217;s Stock Bonus Agreement. Prior to the grant of any Stock Bonus Award the Committee shall: (a)&#160;determine the nature, length and starting date of any Performance Period for the Stock Bonus Award; (b)&#160;select from among the Performance Factors to be used to measure performance goals; and (c)&#160;determine the number of Shares that may be awarded to the Participant. Performance Periods may overlap and a Participant may participate simultaneously with respect to Stock Bonus Awards that are subject to different Performance Periods and different performance goals and other criteria.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">7.2<font style="font-weight:normal;">.&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Form of Payment to Participant</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Payment may be made in the form of cash, whole Shares, or a combination thereof, based on the Fair Market Value of the Shares earned under a Stock Bonus Award on the date of payment, as determined in the sole discretion of the Committee.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">7.3<font style="font-weight:normal;">.&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Termination of Service</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Except as may be set forth in the Participant&#8217;s Award Agreement, vesting ceases on such date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates (unless determined otherwise by the Committee).</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">STOCK APPRECIATION RIGHTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. A Stock Appreciation Right (&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">SAR</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221;) is an award to an eligible Employee, Consultant, or Director that may be settled in cash, or Shares (which may consist of Restricted Stock), having a value equal to (a)&#160;the difference between the Fair Market Value on the date of exercise over the Exercise Price multiplied by (b)&#160;the number of Shares with respect to which the SAR is being settled (subject to any </font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:normal;">maximum number of Shares that may be issuable as specified in an Award Agreement). All SARs shall be made pursuant to an Award Agreement.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8.1&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Terms of SARs</font>. The Committee will determine the terms of each SAR including, without limitation: (a)&#160;the number of Shares subject to the SAR; (b)&#160;the Exercise Price and the time or times during which the SAR may be settled; (c)&#160;the consideration to be distributed on settlement of the SAR; and (d)&#160;the effect of the Participant&#8217;s termination of Service on each SAR. The Exercise Price of the SAR will be determined by the Committee when the SAR is granted, and may not be less than Fair Market Value. A SAR may be awarded upon satisfaction of Performance Factors, if any, during any Performance Period as are set out in advance in the Participant&#8217;s individual Award Agreement. If the SAR is being earned upon the satisfaction of Performance Factors, then the Committee will: (x)&#160;determine the nature, length and starting date of any Performance Period for each SAR; and (y)&#160;select from among the Performance Factors to be used to measure the performance, if any. Performance Periods may overlap and Participants may participate simultaneously with respect to SARs that are subject to different Performance Factors and other criteria.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8.2&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Exercise Period and Expiration Date</font>. A SAR will be exercisable within the times or upon the occurrence of events determined by the Committee and set forth in the Award Agreement governing such SAR. The SAR Agreement shall set forth the expiration date; provided that no SAR will be exercisable after the expiration of ten (10)&#160;years from the date the SAR is granted. The Committee may also provide for SARs to become exercisable at one time or from time to time, periodically or otherwise (including, without limitation, upon the attainment during a Performance Period of performance goals based on Performance Factors), in such number of Shares or percentage of the Shares subject to the SAR as the Committee determines. Except as may be set forth in the Participant&#8217;s Award Agreement, vesting ceases on the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates (unless determined otherwise by the Committee). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the rules of Section&#160;5.6 also will apply to SARs.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8.3&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Form of Settlement</font>. Upon exercise of a SAR, a Participant will be entitled to receive payment from the Company in an amount determined by multiplying (a)&#160;the difference between the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of exercise over the Exercise Price; times (b)&#160;the number of Shares with respect to which the SAR is exercised. At the discretion of the Committee, the payment from the Company for the SAR exercise may be in cash, in Shares of equivalent value, or in some combination thereof. The portion of a SAR being settled may be paid currently or on a deferred basis with such interest or Dividend Equivalent Right, if any, as the Committee determines, provided that the terms of the SAR and any deferral satisfy the requirements of Section&#160;409A of the Code.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8.4&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Termination of Service</font>. Except as may be set forth in the Participant&#8217;s Award Agreement, vesting ceases on such date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates (unless determined otherwise by the Committee).</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">9.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. A Restricted Stock Unit (&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">RSU</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221;) is an award to an eligible Employee, Consultant, or Director covering a number of Shares that may be settled in cash, or by issuance of those Shares (which may consist of Restricted Stock). All RSUs shall be made pursuant to an Award Agreement.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">9.1<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Terms of RSUs</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The Committee will determine the terms of an RSU including, without limitation: (a)&#160;the number of Shares subject to the RSU; (b)&#160;the time or times during which the RSU may be settled; (c)&#160;the consideration to be distributed on settlement; and (d)&#160;the effect of the Participant&#8217;s termination of Service on each RSU; provided that no RSU shall have a term longer than ten (10)&#160;years. An RSU may be awarded upon satisfaction of such performance goals based on Performance Factors during any Performance Period as are set out in advance in the Participant&#8217;s Award Agreement. If the RSU is being earned upon satisfaction of Performance Factors, then the Committee will: (x)&#160;determine the nature, length and starting date of any Performance Period for the RSU; (y)&#160;select from among the Performance Factors to be used to measure the performance, if any; and (z)&#160;determine the number of Shares deemed subject to the RSU. Performance Periods may overlap and participants may participate simultaneously with respect to RSUs that are subject to different Performance Periods and different performance goals and other criteria.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">9.2<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Form and Timing of Settlement</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Payment of earned RSUs shall be made as soon as practicable after the date(s) determined by the Committee and set forth in the Award Agreement. The Committee, in its sole discretion, may settle earned RSUs in cash, Shares, or a combination of both. The Committee may also permit a Participant to </font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:normal;">defer payment under a RSU to a date or dates after the RSU is earned provided that the terms of the RSU and any deferral satisfy the requirements of Section&#160;409A of the Code.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">9.3<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Termination of Service</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Except as may be set forth in the Participant&#8217;s Award Agreement, vesting ceases on such date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates (unless determined otherwise by the Committee).</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">PERFORMANCE AWARDS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. A Performance Award is an award to an eligible Employee, Consultant, or Director of the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate that is based upon the attainment of performance goals, as established by the Committee, and other terms and conditions specified by the Committee, and may be settled in cash, Shares (which may consist of, without limitation, Restricted Stock), other property, or any combination thereof. Grants of Performance Awards shall be made pursuant to an Award Agreement that cites Section&#160;10 of the Plan.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.1<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Types of Performance Awards</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Performance Awards shall include Performance Shares, Performance Units, and cash-based Awards as set forth in Sections 10.1(a), 10.1(b), and 10.1(c) below.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a)&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Performance Shares</font>. The Committee may grant Awards of Performance Shares, designate the Participants to whom Performance Shares are to be awarded and determine the number of Performance Shares and the terms and conditions of each such Award.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b)&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Performance Units</font>. The Committee may grant Awards of Performance Units, designate the Participants to whom Performance Units are to be awarded and determine the number of Performance Units and the terms and conditions of each such Award.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c)&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Cash-Settled Performance Awards</font>. The Committee may also grant cash-settled Performance Awards to Participants under the terms of this Plan.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The amount to be paid under any Performance Award may be adjusted on the basis of such further consideration as the Committee shall determine in its sole discretion.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.2<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Terms of Performance Awards</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Performance Awards will be based on the attainment of performance goals using the Performance Factors within this Plan that are established by the Committee for the relevant Performance Period. The Committee will determine, and each Award Agreement shall set forth, the terms of each Performance Award including, without limitation: (a)&#160;the amount of any cash bonus, (b)&#160;the number of Shares deemed subject to an award of Performance Shares; (c)&#160;the Performance Factors and Performance Period that shall determine the time and extent to which each award of Performance Shares shall be settled; (d)&#160;the consideration to be distributed on settlement, and (e)&#160;the effect of the Participant&#8217;s termination of Service on each Performance Award. In establishing Performance Factors and the Performance Period the Committee will: (x)&#160;determine the nature, length and starting date of any Performance Period; (y)&#160;select from among the Performance Factors to be used; and (z)&#160;determine the number of Shares deemed subject to the award of Performance Shares. Each Performance Share will have an initial value equal to the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date of grant. Prior to settlement the Committee shall determine the extent to which Performance Awards have been earned. Performance Periods may overlap and Participants may participate simultaneously with respect to Performance Awards that are subject to different Performance Periods and different performance goals and other criteria.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.3<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Termination of Service</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Except as may be set forth in the Participant&#8217;s Award Agreement, vesting ceases on the date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates (unless determined otherwise by the Committee).</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">11.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">PAYMENT FOR SHARE PURCHASES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Payment from a Participant for Shares purchased pursuant to this Plan may be made in cash or by check or, where approved for the Participant by the Committee and where permitted by law (and to the extent not otherwise set forth in the applicable Award Agreement):</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a) by cancellation of indebtedness of the Company to the Participant;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b) by surrender of Shares held by the Participant that have a Fair Market Value on the date of surrender equal to the aggregate exercise price of the Shares as to which said Award will be exercised or settled;</p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c) by waiver of compensation due or accrued to the Participant for services rendered or to be rendered to the Company or a Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(d) by consideration received by the Company pursuant to a broker-assisted or other form of cashless exercise program implemented by the Company in connection with the Plan;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(e) by any combination of the foregoing; or</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(f) by any other method of payment as is permitted by applicable law.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Committee may limit the availability of any method of payment, to the extent the Committee determines, in its discretion, that such limitation is necessary or advisable to comply with applicable law or facilitate the administration of the Plan.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">12.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">GRANTS TO&#160;NON-EMPLOYEE&#160;DIRECTORS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">.&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Directors are eligible to receive any type of Award offered under this Plan except ISOs. Awards pursuant to this Section&#160;12&#160;may be automatically made pursuant to policy adopted by the Board, or made from time to time as determined in the discretion of the Board. The aggregate grant date fair value of Awards granted to a&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Director pursuant to this Section&#160;12 in any calendar year shall not exceed $500,000, except that the aggregate grant date fair value of Awards granted to a new&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Director pursuant to this Section&#160;12 in the calendar year in which they commence their service to the Company shall not exceed $1,000,000.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">12.1<font style="font-weight:normal;">.&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Eligibility</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Awards pursuant to this Section&#160;12 shall be granted only to&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Directors. A&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Director who is elected or&#160;re-elected&#160;as a member of the Board will be eligible to receive an Award under this Section&#160;12.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">12.2<font style="font-weight:normal;">.&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Vesting, Exercisability and Settlement</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Except as set forth in Section&#160;21, Awards shall vest, become exercisable and be settled as determined by the Board. With respect to Options and SARs, the exercise price granted to&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Directors shall not be less than the Fair Market Value of the Shares at the time that such Option or SAR is granted.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">12.3.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Election to receive Awards in Lieu of Cash</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. A&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Director may elect to receive his or her annual retainer payments and/or meeting fees from the Company in the form of cash or Awards or a combination thereof, as determined by the Committee. Such Awards shall be issued under the Plan. An election under this Section&#160;12.3 shall be filed with the Company on the form prescribed by the Company.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:18pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">13.&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">WITHHOLDING TAXES</font>.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">13.1.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Withholding Generally</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Whenever Shares are to be issued in satisfaction of Awards granted under this Plan or a tax event occurs, the Company may require the Participant to remit to the Company, or to the Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate, as applicable, to which the Participant provides Service, an amount sufficient to satisfy applicable U.S.&#160;federal, state, local and international withholding tax requirements or any other tax or social insurance liability (collectively, &#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Tax-Related&#160;Items</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221;) legally due from the Participant prior to the delivery of Shares pursuant to exercise or settlement of any Award. Whenever payments in satisfaction of Awards granted under this Plan are to be made in cash, such payment will be net of an amount sufficient to satisfy applicable&#160;Tax-Related&#160;Items legally due from the Participant. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the Fair Market Value of the Shares will be determined as of the date that the taxes are required to be withheld and such Shares shall be valued based on the value of the actual trade or, if there is none, the Fair Market Value of the Shares as of the previous trading day.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">13.2<font style="font-weight:normal;">.&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Stock Withholding</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The Committee, or its delegate(s), as permitted by applicable law, in its sole discretion and pursuant to such procedures as it may specify from time to time and to limitations of local law, may require or permit a Participant to satisfy such&#160;Tax-Related&#160;Items legally due from the Participant, in whole or in part by (without limitation) (a)&#160;paying cash, (b)&#160;electing to have the Company withhold otherwise deliverable cash or </font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:normal;">Shares having a Fair Market Value equal to the&#160;Tax-Related&#160;Items to be withheld, (c)&#160;delivering to the Company already-owned Shares having a Fair Market Value equal to the&#160;Tax</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">-Related&#160;Items to be withheld or (d)&#160;withholding from proceeds of the sale of otherwise deliverable Shares acquired pursuant to an Award either through a voluntary sale or through a mandatory sale arranged by the Company. The Company may withhold or accoun</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">t for these&#160;Tax-Related Items by considering applicable statutory withholding rates or other applicable withholding rates, including up to the maximum permissible statutory tax rate for the applicable tax jurisdiction, to the extent consistent with applica</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">ble laws.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">14.&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">TRANSFERABILITY</font>.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">14.1.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Transfer Generally</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Unless determined otherwise by the Committee or pursuant to Section&#160;14.2, an Award may not be sold, pledged, assigned, hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution. If the Committee makes an Award transferable, including, without limitation, by instrument to an inter vivos or testamentary trust in which the Awards are to be passed to beneficiaries upon the death of the trustor (settlor) or by gift or by domestic relations order to a Permitted Transferee, such Award will contain such additional terms and conditions as the Committee deems appropriate. All Awards shall be exercisable: (a)&#160;during the Participant&#8217;s lifetime only by (i)&#160;the Participant, or (ii)&#160;the Participant&#8217;s guardian or legal representative; (b)&#160;after the Participant&#8217;s death, by the legal representative of the Participant&#8217;s heirs or legatees; and (c)&#160;in the case of all awards except ISOs, by a Permitted Transferee.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">14.2.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Award Transfer Program</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Notwithstanding any contrary provision of the Plan, the Committee shall have all discretion and authority to determine and implement the terms and conditions of any Award Transfer Program instituted pursuant to this Section&#160;14.2 and shall have the authority to amend the terms of any Award participating, or otherwise eligible to participate in, the Award Transfer Program, including (but not limited to) the authority to (a)&#160;amend (including to extend) the expiration date, post-termination exercise period and/or forfeiture conditions of any such Award, (b)&#160;amend or remove any provisions of the Award relating to the Award holder&#8217;s continued Service to the Company or its Parent, Subsidiary, or Affiliate, (c)&#160;amend the permissible payment methods with respect to the exercise or purchase of any such Award, (d)&#160;amend the adjustments to be implemented in the event of changes in the capitalization and other similar events with respect to such Award, and (e)&#160;make such other changes to the terms of such Award as the Committee deems necessary or appropriate in its sole discretion. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Plan, in no event will the Committee have the right to determine and implement the terms and conditions of any Award Transfer Program without stockholder approval.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">15.&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">PRIVILEGES OF STOCK OWNERSHIP; RESTRICTIONS ON SHARES</font>.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">15.1<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Voting and Dividends</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. No Participant will have any of the rights of a stockholder with respect to any Shares until the Shares are issued to the Participant, except for any Dividend Equivalent Rights permitted by an applicable Award Agreement. The Committee may provide that any Dividend Equivalent Rights permitted by an applicable Award Agreement shall be deemed to have been reinvested in additional Shares or otherwise reinvested. After Shares are issued to the Participant, the Participant will be a stockholder and have all the rights of a stockholder with respect to such Shares, including the right to vote and receive all dividends or other distributions made or paid with respect to such Shares;&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">provided</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">, that if such Shares are Restricted Stock, then any new, additional or different securities the Participant may become entitled to receive with respect to such Shares by virtue of a stock dividend, stock split or any other change in the corporate or capital structure of the Company will be subject to the same restrictions as the Restricted Stock;&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">provided</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">,&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">further</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">, that the Participant will have no right to retain such stock dividends or stock distributions with respect to Shares that are repurchased at the Participant&#8217;s Purchase Price or Exercise Price, as the case may be, pursuant to Section&#160;15.2. However, the Committee, in its discretion, may provide in the Award Agreement evidencing any Award that the Participant shall be entitled to Dividend Equivalent Rights with respect to the payment of cash dividends on Shares underlying an Award during the period beginning on the date the Award is granted and ending, with respect to each Share subject to the Award, on the earlier of the date on which the Award is exercised or settled or the date on which it is forfeited. Such Dividend Equivalent Rights, if any, shall be credited to the Participant in the form of additional whole Shares as of the date of payment of such cash dividends on Shares. Notwithstanding the foregoing, dividends and Dividend Equivalent Rights may accrue with respect to unvested Awards, but will not be paid or issued until such Award is fully vested and the Shares are issued to Participant and such Shares are no longer subject to any vesting requirements or repurchase rights on behalf of the Company.</font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">15.2</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Restrictions on Shares</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. At the discretion of the Committee, the Company may reserve to itself and/or its assignee(s) a right to repurchase (</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">a &#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Right of Repurchase</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221;) a portion of any or all Unvested Shares held by a Participant following such Participant&#8217;s termination of Service at any time within ninety (90)&#160;days (or such longer or shorter time determined by the Committee) after the later of t</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">he date Participant&#8217;s Service terminates and the date the Participant purchases Shares under this Plan, for cash and/or cancellation of purchase money indebtedness, at the Participant&#8217;s Purchase Price or Exercise Price, as the case may be.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">16.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">CERTIFICATES</font>.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;All Shares or other securities whether or not certificated, delivered under this Plan will be subject to such stock transfer orders, legends and other restrictions as the Committee may deem necessary or advisable, including restrictions under any applicable U.S. federal, state or foreign securities law, or any rules, regulations and other requirements of the SEC or any stock exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Shares may be listed or quoted and any&#160;non-U.S.&#160;exchange controls or securities law restrictions to which the Shares are subject.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">17.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">ESCROW; PLEDGE OF SHARES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. To enforce any restrictions on a Participant&#8217;s Shares, the Committee may require the Participant to deposit all certificates representing Shares, together with stock powers or other instruments of transfer approved by the Committee, appropriately endorsed in blank, with the Company or an agent designated by the Company to hold in escrow until such restrictions have lapsed or terminated, and the Committee may cause a legend or legends referencing such restrictions to be placed on the certificates. Any Participant who is permitted to execute a promissory note as partial or full consideration for the purchase of Shares under this Plan will be required to pledge and deposit with the Company all or part of the Shares so purchased as collateral to secure the payment of the Participant&#8217;s obligation to the Company under the promissory note;&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">provided</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">,&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">however</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">, that the Committee may require or accept other or additional forms of collateral to secure the payment of such obligation and, in any event, the Company will have full recourse against the Participant under the promissory note notwithstanding any pledge of the Participant&#8217;s Shares or other collateral. In connection with any pledge of the Shares, the Participant will be required to execute and deliver a written pledge agreement in such form as the Committee will from time to time approve. The Shares purchased with the promissory note may be released from the pledge on a pro rata basis as the promissory note is paid.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">18.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">EXCHANGE AND BUYOUT OF AWARDS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Without prior stockholder approval, the Committee may, with the consent of the respective Participants (unless not required pursuant to Section&#160;5.9 of the Plan), pay cash or issue new Awards in exchange for the surrender and cancellation of any, or all, outstanding Awards.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">19.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">SECURITIES LAW AND OTHER REGULATORY COMPLIANCE</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. An Award will not be effective unless such Award is in compliance with all applicable U.S. and foreign federal and state securities and exchange control laws, rules and regulations of any governmental body, and the requirements of any stock exchange or automated quotation system upon which the Shares may then be listed or quoted, as they are in effect on the date of grant of the Award and also on the date of exercise or other issuance. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Plan, the Company will have no obligation to issue or deliver certificates for Shares under this Plan prior to: (a)&#160;obtaining any approvals from governmental agencies that the Company determines are necessary or advisable; and/or (b)&#160;completion of any registration or other qualification of such Shares under any state or federal or foreign law or ruling of any governmental body that the Company determines to be necessary or advisable. The Company will be under no obligation to register the Shares with the SEC or to effect compliance with the registration, qualification or listing requirements of any foreign or state securities laws, exchange control laws, stock exchange or automated quotation system, and the Company will have no liability for any inability or failure to do so.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">20.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">NO OBLIGATION TO EMPLOY</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Nothing in this Plan or any Award granted under this Plan will confer or be deemed to confer on any Participant any right to continue in the employ of, or to continue any other relationship with, the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate or limit in any way the right of the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate to terminate Participant&#8217;s employment or other relationship at any time.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">21.&#160;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS</font>.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">21.1.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Assumption&#160;or&#160;Replacement&#160;of&#160;Awards&#160;by Successor</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. In the event that the Company is subject to a Corporate Transaction, outstanding Awards acquired under the Plan shall be subject to the agreement evidencing the Corporate Transaction, which need not treat all outstanding Awards in an identical manner. Such agreement, without </font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:normal;">the Participant&#8217;s consent, shall provide for one or more of the following with respect to all outstan</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">ding Awards as of the effective date of such Corporate Transaction:</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a) The continuation of an outstanding Award by the Company (if the Company is the successor entity).</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b) The assumption of an outstanding Award by the successor or acquiring entity (if any) of such Corporate Transaction (or by its parents, if any), which assumption, will be binding on all selected Participants; provided that the exercise price and the number and nature of shares issuable upon exercise of any such option or stock appreciation right, or any award that is subject to Section&#160;409A of the Code, will be adjusted appropriately pursuant to Section&#160;424(a) of the Code and/or Section&#160;409A of the Code, as applicable.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c) The substitution by the successor or acquiring entity in such Corporate Transaction (or by its parents, if any) of equivalent awards with substantially the same terms for such outstanding Awards (except that the exercise price and the number and nature of shares issuable upon exercise of any such option or stock appreciation right, or any award that is subject to Section&#160;409A of the Code, will be adjusted appropriately pursuant to Section&#160;424(a) of the Code and/or Section&#160;409A of the Code, as applicable).</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(d) The full or partial acceleration of exercisability or vesting and accelerated expiration of an outstanding Award and lapse of the Company&#8217;s right to repurchase or&#160;re-acquire&#160;shares acquired under an Award or lapse of forfeiture rights with respect to shares acquired under an Award.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(e) The settlement of the full value of such outstanding Award (whether or not then vested or exercisable) in cash, cash equivalents, or securities of the successor entity (or its parent, if any) with a Fair Market Value equal to the required amount, followed by the cancellation of such Awards; provided however, that such Award may be cancelled if such Award has no value, as determined by the Committee, in its discretion. Subject to Section&#160;409A of the Code, such payment may be made in installments and may be deferred until the date or dates the Award would have become exercisable or vested. Such payment may be subject to vesting based on the Participant&#8217;s continued service, provided that the vesting schedule shall not be less favorable to the Participant than the schedule under which the Award would have become vested or exercisable. For purposes of this Section&#160;21.1(e), the Fair Market Value of any security shall be determined without regard to any vesting conditions that may apply to such security.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(f) The cancellation of outstanding Awards in exchange for no consideration.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:4.81%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Board shall have full power and authority to assign the Company&#8217;s right to repurchase or&#160;re-acquire&#160;or forfeiture rights to such successor or acquiring corporation. In addition, in the event such successor or acquiring corporation (if any) refuses to assume, convert, replace or substitute Awards, as provided above, pursuant to a Corporate Transaction, the Committee will notify the Participant in writing or electronically that such Award will be exercisable for a period of time determined by the Committee in its sole discretion, and such Award will terminate upon the expiration of such period. Awards need not be treated similarly in a Corporate Transaction.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">21.2.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Assumption of Awards by the Company</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The Company, from time to time, also may substitute or assume outstanding awards granted by another company, whether in connection with an acquisition of such other company or otherwise, by either; (a)&#160;granting an Award under this Plan in substitution of such other company&#8217;s award; or (b)&#160;assuming such award as if it had been granted under this Plan if the terms of such assumed award could be applied to an Award granted under this Plan. Such substitution or assumption will be permissible if the holder of the substituted or assumed award would have been eligible to be granted an Award under this Plan if the other company had applied the rules of this Plan to such grant. In the event the Company assumes an award granted by another company, the terms and conditions of such award will remain unchanged (</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">except</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;that the Purchase Price or the Exercise Price, as the case may be, and the number and nature of Shares issuable upon exercise or settlement of any such Award will be adjusted appropriately pursuant to Section&#160;424(a) of the Code and/or Section&#160;409A of the Code, as applicable). In the event the Company elects to grant a new Option in substitution rather than assuming an existing option, such new Option may be granted with a similarly adjusted Exercise Price. Substitute Awards shall not be deducted from the number of Shares authorized for grant under the Plan or authorized for grant to a Participant in a calendar year.</font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">21.3</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">Non-Employee&#160;Directors&#8217; Awards</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary herein, in the event of a Corporat</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">e Transaction, the vesting of all Awards granted to&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Directors shall accelerate and such Awards shall become exercisable (as applicable) in full prior to the consummation of such event at such times and on such conditions as the Committee deter</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">mines.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">22.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">ADOPTION AND STOCKHOLDER APPROVAL</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. This Plan shall be submitted for the approval of the Company&#8217;s stockholders, consistent with applicable laws, within twelve (12)&#160;months before or after the date this Plan is adopted by the Board.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">23.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">TERM OF PLAN/GOVERNING LAW</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Unless earlier terminated as provided herein, this Plan will become effective on the Effective Date and will terminate ten (10)&#160;years from the date this Plan is adopted by the Board. This Plan and all Awards granted hereunder shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware (excluding its conflict of law rules).</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">24.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION OF PLAN</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. The Board may at any time terminate or amend this Plan in any respect, including, without limitation, amendment of any form of Award Agreement or instrument to be executed pursuant to this Plan;&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">provided</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">,&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">however</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">, that the Board will not, without the approval of the stockholders of the Company, amend this Plan in any manner that requires such stockholder approval;&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">provided further</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">, that a Participant&#8217;s Award shall be governed by the version of this Plan then in effect at the time such Award was granted. No termination or amendment of the Plan shall affect any then-outstanding Award unless expressly provided by the Committee; in any event, no termination or amendment of the Plan or any outstanding Award may adversely affect any then outstanding Award without the consent of the Participant, unless such termination or amendment is necessary to comply with applicable law, regulation or rule.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">25.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">NONEXCLUSIVITY OF THE PLAN</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Neither the adoption of this Plan by the Board, the submission of this Plan to the stockholders of the Company for approval, nor any provision of this Plan will be construed as creating any limitations on the power of the Board to adopt such additional compensation arrangements as it may deem desirable, including, without limitation, the granting of stock awards and bonuses otherwise than under this Plan, and such arrangements may be either generally applicable or applicable only in specific cases.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">26.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">INSIDER TRADING POLICY</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. Each Participant who receives an Award shall comply with any policy adopted by the Company from time to time covering transactions in the Company&#8217;s securities by Employees, officers and/or directors of the Company.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">27.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">ALL AWARDS SUBJECT TO COMPANY CLAWBACK OR RECOUPMENT POLICY</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. All Awards shall, subject to applicable law, be subject to clawback or recoupment pursuant to any compensation clawback or recoupment policy adopted by the Board or required by law during the term of Participant&#8217;s employment or other service with the Company that is applicable to executive officers, employees, directors or other service providers of the Company, and in addition to any other remedies available under such policy and applicable law, may require the cancelation of outstanding Awards and the recoupment of any gains realized with respect to Awards.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">DEFINITIONS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">. As used in this Plan, and except as elsewhere defined herein, the following terms will have the following meanings:</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.1.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Affiliate</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means any person or entity that directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Company, including any general partner, managing member, officer or director of the Company, in each case as of the date on which, or at any time during the period for which, the determination of affiliation is being made. For purposes of this definition, the term &#8220;control&#8221; (including the correlative meanings of the terms &#8220;controlled by&#8221; and &#8220;under common control with&#8221;), as used with respect to any person or entity, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management policies of such person or entity, whether through the ownership of voting securities or by contract or otherwise.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.2<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Award</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means any award under the Plan, including any Option, Restricted Stock, Stock Bonus, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock Unit or award of Performance Shares.</font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.3</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Award Agreement</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means, with respect to each Award, the written or electronic agreement between the Company and the Participant setting forth the terms and conditions of the Award, and country-specific appendix thereto for grants to&#160;non</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">-U.S.&#160;Participants, which shall be in substantially a form (which need not be the same for each Participant) that the Committee (or in the case of Award agreements that are not used for Insiders, the Committee&#8217;s delegate(s)) has from time to time approved,</font><font style="font-weight:normal;"> and will comply with and be subject to the terms and conditions of this Plan.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.4<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Award Transfer Program</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221;</font>&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">means any program instituted by the Committee which would permit Participants the opportunity to transfer any outstanding Awards to a financial institution or other person or entity approved by the Committee.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.5<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Board</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the Board of Directors of the Company.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.6<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Cause</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means (i)&#160;Participant&#8217;s willful failure substantially to perform his or her duties and responsibilities to the Company or deliberate violation of a Company policy; (ii)&#160;Participant&#8217;s commission of any act of fraud, embezzlement, dishonesty or any other willful misconduct that has caused or is reasonably expected to result in material injury to the Company; (iii)&#160;unauthorized use or disclosure by Participant of any proprietary information or trade secrets of the Company or any other party to whom the Participant owes an obligation of nondisclosure as a result of his or her relationship with the Company; or (iv)&#160;Participant&#8217;s willful breach of any of his or her obligations under any written agreement or covenant with the Company. The determination as to whether a Participant&#8217;s Service is being terminated for Cause shall be made in good faith by the Company and shall be final and binding on the Participant. The foregoing definition does not in any way limit the Company&#8217;s ability to terminate a Participant&#8217;s employment or consulting relationship at any time as provided in Section&#160;20 above, and the term &#8220;Company&#8221; will be interpreted to include any Subsidiary or Parent, as appropriate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the foregoing definition of &#8220;Cause&#8221; may, in part or in whole, be modified or replaced in each individual employment agreement or Award Agreement with any Participant, provided that such document supersedes the definition provided in this Section&#160;28.6.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.7<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Code</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.8<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Committee</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the Compensation Committee of the Board or those persons to whom administration of the Plan, or part of the Plan, has been delegated as permitted by law.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.9<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Common Stock</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the common stock of the Company.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.10<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Company</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., or any successor corporation.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.11<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Consultant</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means any natural person, including an advisor or independent contractor, engaged by the Company or a Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate to render services to such entity.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.12<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Corporate Transaction</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the occurrence of any of the following events:</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;margin-left:12.09%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a) any &#8220;Person&#8221; (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) becomes the &#8220;beneficial owner&#8221; (as defined in Rule&#160;13d-3&#160;of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power represented by the Company&#8217;s then-outstanding voting securities; provided, however, that for purposes of this subclause (a)&#160;the acquisition of additional securities by any one Person who is considered to own more than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of the securities of the Company will not be considered a Corporate Transaction;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;margin-left:12.09%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b) the consummation of the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company&#8217;s assets;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;margin-left:12.09%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c) the consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation, other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being </p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;margin-left:12.09%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">converted into voting securities of the surviving entity or its parent) at least fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the Company or such surviving entity or it</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">s parent outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation;</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;margin-left:12.09%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(d) any other transaction which qualifies as a &#8220;corporate transaction&#8221; under Section&#160;424(a) of the Code wherein the stockholders of the Company give up all of their equity interest in the Company (except for the acquisition, sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Company) or</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;margin-left:12.09%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(e) a change in the effective control of the Company that occurs on the date that a majority of members of the Board is replaced during any twelve (12)&#160;month period by members of the Board whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the Board prior to the date of the appointment or election. For purpose of this subclause (e), if any Person is considered to be in effective control of the Company, the acquisition of additional control of the Company by the same Person will not be considered a Corporate Transaction.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;margin-left:12.09%;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">For purposes of this definition, Persons will be considered to be acting as a group if they are owners of a corporation that enters into a merger, consolidation, purchase or acquisition of stock, or similar business transaction with the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that any amount constituting deferred compensation (as defined in Section&#160;409A of the Code) would become payable under this Plan by reason of a Corporate Transaction, such amount shall become payable only if the event constituting a Corporate Transaction would also qualify as a change in ownership or effective control of the Company or a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of the Company, each as defined within the meaning of Code Section&#160;409A, as it has been and may be amended from time to time, and any proposed or final Treasury Regulations and IRS guidance that has been promulgated or may be promulgated thereunder from time to time.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.13.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Director</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means a member of the Board.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.14.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Dividend Equivalent Right</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the right of a Participant, granted at the discretion of the Committee or as otherwise provided by the Plan, to receive a credit for the account of such Participant in an amount equal to the cash, stock or other property dividends in amounts equal equivalent to cash, stock or other property dividends for each Share represented by an Award held by such Participant.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.15.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Disability</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means in the case of incentive stock options, total and permanent disability as defined in Section&#160;22(e)(3) of the Code and in the case of other Awards, that the Participant is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.16.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Effective Date</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the date on which this Plan is adopted by the Board.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.17.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Employee</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means any person, including Officers and Directors, employed by the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate. Neither service as a Director nor payment of a director&#8217;s fee by the Company will be sufficient to constitute &#8220;employment&#8221; by the Company.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.18.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Exchange Act</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.19.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Exchange Program</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means a program pursuant to which outstanding Awards are surrendered, cancelled or exchanged for cash, the same type of Award or a different Award (or combination thereof).</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.20.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Exercise Price</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means, with respect to an Option, the price at which a holder may purchase the Shares issuable upon exercise of an Option and with respect to a SAR, the price at which the SAR is granted to the holder thereof.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.21.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Fair Market Value</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means, as of any date, the value of a share of the Company&#8217;s Common Stock determined as follows:</font></p>
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<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a) if such Common Sto</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ck is publicly traded and is then listed on a national securities exchange, its closing price on the date of determination on the principal national securities exchange on which the Common Stock is listed or admitted to trading as reported in&#160;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">The Wall Stre</font><font style="font-style:italic;">et&#160;</font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Journal or such other source as the Committee deems reliable;</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b) if such Common Stock is publicly traded but is neither listed nor admitted to trading on a national securities exchange, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on the date of determination as reported in&#160;<font style="font-style:italic;">The Wall Street Journal</font>&#160;or such other source as the Committee deems reliable; or</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c) if none of the foregoing is applicable, by the Board or the Committee in good faith.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.22.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Insider</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means an officer or director of the Company or any other person whose transactions in the Company&#8217;s Common Stock are subject to Section&#160;16 of the Exchange Act.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.23.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">IRS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the United States Internal Revenue Service.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.24.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Non-Employee&#160;Director</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means a Director who is not an Employee of the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.25.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Option</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means an award of an option to purchase Shares pursuant to Section&#160;5.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.26.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Parent</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means any corporation (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of corporations ending with the Company if each of such corporations other than the Company owns stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.27.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Participant</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means a person who holds an Award under this Plan.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.28.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Performance Award</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means an award covering cash, Shares or other property granted pursuant to Section&#160;10 or Section&#160;12 of the Plan.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.29.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Performance Factors</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means any of the factors selected by the Committee and specified in an Award Agreement, from among the following objective measures, either individually, alternatively or in any combination, applied to the Company as a whole or any business unit or Subsidiary, either individually, alternatively, or in any combination, on a GAAP or&#160;non-GAAP&#160;basis, and measured, to the extent applicable on an absolute basis or relative to a&#160;pre-established&#160;target, to determine whether the performance goals established by the Committee with respect to applicable Awards have been satisfied:</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a) Profit Before Tax;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b) Sales;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c) Expenses;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(d) Billings;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(e) Revenue</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(f) Net revenue;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(g) Earnings (which may include earnings before interest and taxes, earnings before taxes, net earnings, stock-based compensation expenses, depreciation and amortization);</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(h) Operating income;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(i) Operating margin;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(j) Operating profit;</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(k) Controllable operating profit, or net operating profit;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(l) Net profit;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(m) Gross margin;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(n) Operating expenses or operating expenses as a percentage of revenue;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(o) Net income;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(p) Earnings per share;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(q) Total stockholder return;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(r) Market share;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(s) Return on assets or net assets;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(t) The Company&#8217;s stock price;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(u) Growth in stockholder value relative to a&#160;pre-determined&#160;index;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(v) Return on equity;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(w) Return on invested capital;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(x) Cash Flow (including fee cash flow or operating cash flows);</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(y) Balance of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(z) Cash conversion cycle;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(aa) Economic value added;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(bb) Individual confidential business objectives;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(cc) Contract awards or backlog;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(dd) Overhead or other expense reduction;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(ee) Credit rating;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(ff) Completion of an identified special project;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(gg) Completion of a joint venture or other corporate transaction;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(hh) Strategic plan development and implementation;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(ii) Succession plan development and implementation;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(jj) Improvement in workforce diversity;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(kk) Employee satisfaction;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(ll) Employee retention;</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(mm) Customer indicators and/or satisfaction;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(nn) New product invention or innovation;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(oo) Research and development expenses;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(pp) Attainment of research and development milestones;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(qq) Improvements in productivity;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(rr) Bookings;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(ss) Working-capital targets and changes in working capital;</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(tt) Attainment of objective operating goals and employee metrics; and</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:10.46%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(uu) Any other metric that is capable of measurement as determined by the Committee.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Committee may, in recognition of unusual or&#160;non-recurring&#160;items such as acquisition-related activities or changes in applicable accounting rules, provide for one or more equitable adjustments (based on objective standards) to the Performance Factors to preserve the Committee&#8217;s original intent regarding the Performance Factors at the time of the initial award grant. It is within the sole discretion of the Committee to make or not make any such equitable adjustments.</p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.30.<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#160;&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Performance Period</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means one or more periods of time, which may be of varying and overlapping durations, as the Committee may select, over which the attainment of one or more Performance Factors will be measured for the purpose of determining a Participant&#8217;s right to, and the payment of, a Performance Award.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.31.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Performance Share</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means an Award granted pursuant to Section&#160;10 or Section&#160;12 of the Plan, consisting of a unit valued by reference to a designated number of Shares, the value of which may be paid to the Participant by delivery of Shares or, if set forth in the instrument evidencing the Award, of such property as the Committee shall determine, including, without limitation, cash, other property, or any combination thereof, upon the attainment of performance goals, as established by the Committee, and other terms and conditions specified by the Committee.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.32.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Performance Unit</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means an Award granted pursuant to Section&#160;10 or Section&#160;12 of the Plan, consisting of a unit valued by reference to a designated amount of property other than Shares, which value may be paid to the Participant by delivery of such property as the Committee shall determine, including, without limitation, cash, Shares, other property, or any combination thereof, upon the attainment of performance goals, as established by the Committee, and other terms and conditions specified by the Committee.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.33.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Permitted Transferee</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, former spouse, sibling, niece, nephew,&#160;mother-in-law,&#160;father-in-law,&#160;son-in-law,&#160;daughter-in-law,&#160;brother-in-law,&#160;or&#160;sister-in-law&#160;(including adoptive relationships) of the Employee, any person sharing the Employee&#8217;s household (other than a tenant or employee), a trust in which these persons (or the Employee) have more than 50% of the beneficial interest, a foundation in which these persons (or the Employee) control the management of assets, and any other entity in which these persons (or the Employee) own more than 50% of the voting interests.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.34.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Plan</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means this Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., 2018 Equity Incentive Plan.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.35.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Purchase Price</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the price to be paid for Shares acquired under the Plan, other than Shares acquired upon exercise of an Option or SAR.</font></p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.36.&#160;</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Restricted&#160;Stock&#160;Award</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means an award of Shares pursuant to Section&#160;6 or Section&#160;12 of the Plan, or issued pursuant to the early exercise of an Option.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.37.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Restricted Stock Unit</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means an Award granted pursuant to Section&#160;9 or Section&#160;12 of the Plan.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.38.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">SEC</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.39.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Securities Act</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.40.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Service</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; shall mean service as an Employee, Consultant, Director or&#160;Non-Employee&#160;Director, to the Company or a Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate, subject to such further limitations as may be set forth in the Plan or the applicable Award Agreement. An Employee will not be deemed to have ceased to provide Service in the case of (a)&#160;sick leave, (b)&#160;military leave, or (c)&#160;any other leave of absence approved by the Company;&#160;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-weight:normal;">provided</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">, that such leave is for a period of not more than 90 days (x)&#160;unless reemployment upon the expiration of such leave is guaranteed by contract or statute, or (y)&#160;unless provided otherwise pursuant to formal policy adopted from time to time by the Company&#8217;s Board and issued and promulgated to employees in writing. In the case of any Employee on an approved leave of absence or a reduction in hours worked (for illustrative purposes only, a change in schedule from that of full-time to part-time), the Committee may make such provisions respecting suspension of or modification to vesting of the Award while on leave from the employ of the Company or a Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate or during such change in working hours as it may deem appropriate, except that in no event may an Award be exercised after the expiration of the term set forth in the applicable Award Agreement. In the event of military or other protected leave, if required by applicable laws, vesting shall continue for the longest period that vesting continues under any other statutory or Company approved leave of absence and, upon a Participant&#8217;s returning from such leave (under conditions that would entitle him or her to protection upon such return under the Uniform Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act or other applicable law), he or she shall be given vesting credit with respect to Awards to the same extent as would have applied had the Participant continued to provide Service to the Company throughout the leave on the same terms as he or she was providing Service immediately prior to such leave. An employee shall have terminated employment as of the date he or she ceases to provide Service (regardless of whether the termination is in breach of local employment laws or is later found to be invalid) and employment shall not be extended by any notice period or garden leave mandated by local law,&#160;</font><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">provided</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">,&#160;</font><font style="font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;">however</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">, that a change in status from an employee to a consultant or advisor shall not terminate the service provider&#8217;s Service, unless determined by the Committee, in its discretion. The Committee will have sole discretion to determine whether a Participant has ceased to provide Service and the effective date on which the Participant ceased to provide Service.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.41.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Shares</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means shares of Common Stock and the common stock of any successor entity.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.42.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Stock Appreciation Right</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means an Award granted pursuant to Section&#160;8 or Section&#160;12 of the Plan.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.43.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Stock&#160;Bonus</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means an Award granted pursuant to Section&#160;7 or Section&#160;12 of the Plan.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.44.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Subsidiary</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means any corporation (other than the Company) in an unbroken chain of corporations beginning with the Company if each of the corporations other than the last corporation in the unbroken chain owns stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations in such chain.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.45.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Treasury Regulations</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means regulations promulgated by the United States Treasury Department.</font></p>
<p style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">28.46.&#160;<font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8220;</font><font style="font-style:italic;">Unvested Shares</font><font style="font-weight:normal;">&#8221; means Shares that have not yet vested or are subject to a right of repurchase in favor of the Company (or any successor thereto).</font></p></body>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>achv-ex51_6.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
<TEXT>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">EXHIBIT 5.1</font></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><img src="gnbngcna2s35000001.jpg" title="" alt="" style="width:329px;height:95px;"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 19, 2020</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030, </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Vancouver, B.C. V6E 4H1</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:10.05%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">At your request, as your counsel, we have examined the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Registration Statement</font>&#8221;) to be filed by Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Company</font>&#8221;) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Commission</font>&#8221;) on or about May 19, 2020 in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Securities Act</font>&#8221;), of an aggregate of 1,500,000 shares (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Shares</font>&#8221;) of the Company&#8217;s Common Stock (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Common Stock</font>&#8221;),&#160;&#160;subject to issuance by the Company upon the exercise or settlement of awards (including awards of stock options, restricted stock, stock bonuses, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units and/or performance shares) to be granted under the Company&#8217;s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended<font style="font-weight:bold;"> </font>(the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Plan</font>&#8221;).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:10.05%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In connection with our opinion, we have examined such matters of fact as we have deemed necessary, which included examination of originals or copies of: the Company&#8217;s current Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, as amended (collectively, the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Charter Documents</font>&#8221;), the Plan, the Registration Statement and the exhibits thereto; certain<font style="font-weight:bold;"> </font>corporate proceedings<font style="font-weight:bold;"> </font>of the Company&#8217;s Board of Directors (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Board</font>&#8221;) and the Company&#8217;s stockholders relating to adoption or approval of the Company Charter Documents, the Plan, the reservation of the Shares for sale and issuance, the filing of the Registration Statement and the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act and documents (including a certificate from the Company&#8217;s transfer agent) regarding the Company&#8217;s outstanding and reserved capital stock and other securities and such other documents as we have deemed advisable, and we have examined such questions of law as we have considered necessary.&#160;&#160; </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:10.05%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU2"></a><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU2"></a>In our examination of documents for purposes of this opinion, we have assumed, and express no opinion as to, the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, the genuineness of all signatures on documents reviewed by us, the conformity to originals and the completeness of all documents submitted to us as copies, the legal capacity of all parties executing any documents (other than the Company), the lack of any undisclosed termination or modification or waiver of any document, the absence of any extrinsic agreements or documents that might change or affect the interpretation or terms of documents, and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents by each party thereto other than the Company.&#160;&#160;We have also assumed that any certificates or instruments representing the Shares, when issued, will be executed by the Company by officers of the Company duly authorized to do so.&#160;&#160;In rendering our opinion, we have also relied upon a Certificate of Good Standing<font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;"> </font>dated May 19, 2020 issued by the Delaware Secretary of State with respect to the Company and representations and certifications made to us by the Company, including without limitation representations </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;line-height:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="text-decoration:none;"><strike Style="text-decoration:none;">A9053/00000/DOCS/847567.1</strike></font><font style="color:#FF0000;font-size:6pt;"> </font></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">in a Management Certificate addressed to us that the Company has available a sufficient&#160;number of authorized shares of Common Stock that are not currently outstanding or reserved for issuance </font><font style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">under other outstanding securities or plans of the Company, to enable the Company to issue and deliver all of the Shares as of the date of this letter.</font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:10.05%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We render this opinion only with respect to, and we express no opinion herein concerning the application or effect of the laws of any jurisdiction other than, the existing<font style="font-weight:bold;"> </font>Delaware General Corporation Law now in effect.<font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;">&#160;&#160;</font>We express no opinion with respect to the securities or &#8220;blue sky&#8221; laws of any state. <font style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;&#160;</font> </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:10.05%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Based upon, and subject to, the foregoing, it is our opinion that when the Shares of Common Stock that may be issued and sold by the Company upon the exercise or settlement of awards (including any stock option, restricted stock, stock bonus, stock appreciation right, restricted stock unit or award of performance shares) to be granted under the Plan<font style="font-size:12pt;"> </font>have been issued and sold by the Company against the Company&#8217;s receipt of payment therefor (in an amount and type of consideration not less than the par value per Share) in accordance with the terms (including without limitation payment and authorization provisions) of the Plan and have been duly registered on the books of the transfer agent and registrar for the Shares in the name or on behalf of the holders thereof, such Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:10.45%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and further consent to all references to us, if any, in the Registration Statement, the prospectuses constituting a part thereof and any amendments thereto.&#160;&#160;We do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&#160;7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder<font style="font-size:10pt;">.&#160;&#160;</font>This opinion is intended solely for use in connection with issuance and sale of the Shares subject to the Registration Statement and is not to be relied upon for any other purpose.&#160;&#160;In providing this letter, we are opining only as to the specific legal issues expressly set forth above, and no opinion shall be inferred as to any other matter or matters.<font style="font-size:12pt;">&#160;&#160;</font>This opinion is rendered on, and speaks only as of, the date of this letter first written above, and does not address any potential change in facts or law that may occur after the date of this opinion letter.&#160;&#160;We assume no obligation to advise you of any fact, circumstance, event or change in the law or the facts that may hereafter be brought to our attention, whether or not such occurrence would affect or modify any of the opinions expressed herein.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:60.15%;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Very truly yours,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:60.15%;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Fenwick &amp; West LLP</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:24pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:60.15%;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">FENWICK &amp; WEST LLP</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;line-height:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></body>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.2
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>achv-ex232_7.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-23.2
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-family:Georgia;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit 23.2</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:24pt;margin-top:24pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Georgia;font-size:10pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_Toc89518905"></a><a name="_Toc93378382"></a><a name="_Toc93378467"></a><font style="text-decoration:underline;">CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Georgia;font-size:10pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this registration statement on Form S-8 pertaining to the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan of Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) of our report dated March 13, 2020 relating to the financial statements of the Company, which appears in the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Georgia;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br />/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-family:Georgia;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chartered Professional Accountants<font style="font-weight:normal;"><br />Vancouver, Canada</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Georgia;font-size:10pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">May 19, 2020<font style="font-weight:bold;color:#FF0000;"> </font></p>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
