<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000950170-23-024217.txt : 20230525
<SEC-HEADER>0000950170-23-024217.hdr.sgml : 20230525
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230525160701
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000950170-23-024217
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	424B5
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		4
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230525
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230525

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000949858
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	IN VITRO & IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES [2835]
		IRS NUMBER:				954343413
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		424B5
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-261811
		FILM NUMBER:		23960469

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021
		BUSINESS PHONE:		425-686-1500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ONCOGENEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SONUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950825
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>424B5
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>may_2023_rdo.htm
<DESCRIPTION>424B5
<TEXT>
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  <title>424B5</title>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">As filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Registration No. 333-261811</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(to Prospectus dated January 5, 2022)</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:4.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><img src="img182096599_0.jpg" alt="img182096599_0.jpg" style="width:99px;height:110px;">&#160;</p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:6.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">3,000,000 Shares of Common Stock</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:4.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:center;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:4.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We are offering 3,000,000 shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Our common stock is quoted on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#x201c;ACHV.&#x201d; On May 24, 2023, the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market was $6.01 per share.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We are a &#x201c;smaller reporting company&#x201d; as defined under Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and as such, we have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:4.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES INVOLVES SIGNIFICANT RISKS. YOU SHOULD REVIEW CAREFULLY THE &#x201c;RISK FACTORS&#x201d; BEGINNING ON PAGE S-5 OF THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT AND PAGE 4 OF THE ACCOMPANYING PROSPECTUS, AS WELL AS THE RISK FACTORS DESCRIBED UNDER THE SECTION ENTITLED &#x201c;RISK FACTORS&#x201d; CONTAINED IN OUR QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2023, BEFORE INVESTING IN OUR SECURITIES.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:center;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:4.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We have engaged Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC to act as our sole placement agent in connection with this offering to use its reasonable best efforts to place the securities offered by this prospectus supplement. We have agreed to pay the placement agent the fees set forth in the table below</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(181,8,46,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
   <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
    <td style="width:21.044%;"></td>
    <td style="width:20.964%;"></td>
    <td style="width:20.964%;"></td>
    <td style="width:19.324%;"></td>
    <td style="width:3.241%;"></td>
    <td style="width:3.241%;"></td>
    <td style="width:3.241%;"></td>
    <td style="width:3.241%;"></td>
    <td style="width:3.241%;"></td>
    <td style="width:1.5%;"></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PER SHARE</font></p></td>
    <td colspan="5" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">TOTAL</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.007in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.01in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.007in;padding-right:0.01in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Public offering price</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$5.50</font></p></td>
    <td colspan="5" style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$16,500,000</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);padding-top:0.007in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.01in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.007in;padding-right:0.01in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Placement agent fees(1)</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$0.33</font></p></td>
    <td colspan="5" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$990,000</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.007in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.01in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.007in;padding-right:0.01in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Proceeds to us, before expenses</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$5.17</font></p></td>
    <td colspan="5" style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.089in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.089in;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$15,510,000</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);padding-top:0.007in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.01in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.007in;padding-right:0.01in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;border-bottom:0.75pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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    <td style="width:3.8%;"></td>
    <td style="width:96.2%;"></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(1)</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We have also agreed to reimburse the placement agent for certain expenses. See &#x201c;Plan of Distribution.&#x201d;</font></p></td>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of the shares of common stock will be made through the book-entry facilities of The Depository Trust Company on or about May 30, 2023, subject to customary closing conditions.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:center;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:4.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Sole Placement Agent</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Lake Street</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The date of this prospectus supplement is May 25, 2023</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus Supplement</font></p>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:0.75pt solid rgba(255,255,255,1);"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:0.75pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PAGE</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#about_this_prospectus"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">2</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#the_offering"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">THE OFFERING</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">4</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#risk_factors"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">RISK FACTORS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">5</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#forward_looking_statements"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">6</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#use_of_proceeds"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">USE OF PROCEEDS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">7</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#dilution"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DILUTION</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">8</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#plan_of_distribution"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">9</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#legal_matters"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">LEGAL MATTERS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">11</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#experts"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">EXPERTS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">12</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#where_you_can_find"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">13</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#info_incorp_by_ref"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">INCORPORATION OF INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">14</font></p></td>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus</font></p>
  <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;">
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    <td style="width:92.308%;"></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,237,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,237,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PAGE</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_about_this_prospectus"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_prospectus_summary"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">2</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_risk_factors"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">RISK FACTORS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">4</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_cautionary_fls"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">5</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_where_you_can_info"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">6</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_incorp_by_ref"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">INCORPORATION OF INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">7</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_use_of_proceeds"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">USE OF PROCEEDS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">8</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_plan_of_dist"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">9</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_desc_capital_stock"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">11</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_desc_of_securities"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">14</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_desc_warrants"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">23</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_desc_of_sub_rights"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">25</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_desc_of_units"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">26</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_legal_matters"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">LEGAL MATTERS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">27</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_experts"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">EXPERTS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">28</font></p></td>
   </tr>
  </table>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="about_this_prospectus"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:10.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This document is in two parts. The first part, including the documents incorporated herein by reference, is the prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of this offering. The second part, including the documents incorporated therein by reference, is the accompanying prospectus, which provides more general information. Generally, when we refer to &#x201c;this prospectus,&#x201d; we are referring to both parts of this document combined. We urge you to carefully read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, before buying any of the securities being offered under this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement may add, update or change information contained in the accompanying prospectus. If the information varies between this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, you should rely on the information contained in this prospectus supplement; provided that if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date&#x2014;for example, a document incorporated by reference in the accompanying prospectus&#x2014;the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Neither we nor the placement agent have authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representation, other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, or in any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you. Neither we nor the placement agent take any responsibility for, and provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and any free writing prospectus is accurate only as of the date of those respective documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The distribution of this prospectus supplement and the offering of the common stock in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus supplement must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the common stock and the distribution of this prospectus supplement outside the United States. This prospectus supplement does not constitute, and may not be used in connection with, an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities offered by this prospectus supplement by any person in any jurisdiction in which it is unlawful for such person to make such an offer or solicitation.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Market data and industry statistics used throughout this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus are based on independent industry publications, reports by market research firms and other published independent sources. Although we believe these sources are credible, we have not independently verified the data or information obtained from these sources. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information. By including such market data and information, we do not undertake a duty to update or provide that data in the future.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">When used in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, the terms &#x201c;Company,&#x201d; &#x201c;Achieve,&#x201d; &#x201c;we,&#x201d; &#x201c;our&#x201d; and &#x201c;us&#x201d; refer to Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise specified or unless the context requires otherwise.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus include trademarks, service marks and trade names owned by us or other companies. All trademarks, service marks and trade names included or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus or any related free writing prospectus are the property of their respective owners.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="prospectus_supp_summary"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">This summary description about us and our business highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, or incorporated in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus by reference. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before buying securities in this offering. You should carefully read this entire prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including each of the documents incorporated herein or therein by reference, before making an investment decision. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms &#x201c;Achieve,&#x201d; &#x201c;the Company,&#x201d; &#x201c;we,&#x201d; &#x201c;us&#x201d; and &#x201c;our&#x201d; in this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus refer to Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., and its subsidiaries.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Overview</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We are a late-stage pharmaceutical company committed to the global development and commercialization of cytisinicline for smoking cessation and nicotine dependence. With more than one billion smokers globally and over 30 million smokers in the United States alone, smoking remains the leading cause of preventable disease and death, responsible for more than eight million deaths annually worldwide. Our primary focus is to address this global epidemic.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We also plan to continue expanding our focus to address other methods of nicotine addiction such as e-cigarettes/vaping. The use of e-cigarettes continues to be widespread, with most recent reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicating nearly 11 million adult users in the United States alone in 2019.  While e-cigarettes have been historically viewed as less harmful than combustible cigarettes, their long-term safety remains controversial. In a recent study that we conducted surveying approximately 500 users of nicotine vaping devices or e-cigarettes, approximately 73% of participants responded that they intend to quit vaping within the next three to 12 months. Of those who intended to quit even sooner, within the next 3 months, more than half stated they would be extremely likely to try a new prescription product to help them do so. We believe that cytisinicline, if approved, could be the first prescription drug indicated for vape and e-cigarette users who are ready to quit their nicotine addiction.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Recent Developments</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">On May 23, 2023, we announced topline data from our ORCA-3 trial of cytisinicline for smoking cessation and nicotine dependence. Topline results are summarized as follows:</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Both the 6- and 12-week cytisinicline treatment durations demonstrated statistically significant smoking cessation, or quit rates, on both the primary and secondary efficacy analyses compared to placebo.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">12-Week Cytisinicline Efficacy Results</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Primary Endpoint: Subjects who received 12 weeks of cytisinicline treatment had 4.4 times higher odds, or likelihood, to have quit smoking during the last 4 weeks of treatment compared to subjects who received placebo (p&lt;0.0001). The smoking cessation rate during weeks 9 through 12 was 30.3% for cytisinicline compared to 9.4% for placebo. </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Secondary Endpoint: The continuous smoking cessation rate from week 9 to week 24 was 20.5% for the 12-week cytisinicline arm compared to 4.2% for placebo, with an odds ratio of 5.79 (p&lt;0.0001).</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">2</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">6-Week Cytisinicline Efficacy Results</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Primary Endpoint: Subjects who received 6 weeks of cytisinicline treatment had 2.85 times higher odds, or likelihood, to have quit smoking during the last 4 weeks of treatment compared to subjects who received placebo (p=0.0008). The smoking cessation rate during weeks 3 through 6 was 14.8% for cytisinicline compared to 6% for placebo. </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Secondary Endpoint: The continuous smoking cessation rate from week 3 to week 24 was 6.8% for the 6-week cytisinicline arm compared to 1.1% for placebo, with an odds ratio of 6.25 (p=.0006).</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Subjects had an average age of 53 years, smoked a median of 20 cigarettes per day at baseline, and had a median smoking history of 36 years with 4 prior quit attempts.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Similar to findings from our Phase 3 ORCA-2 study, cytisinicline was well-tolerated with no treatment-related serious adverse events reported. The most commonly reported (&gt;5% overall) adverse events for placebo, 6-week cytisinicline, and 12-week cytisinicline were:</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Insomnia: (7.6%, 11.0%, 11.9%)</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Abnormal dreams: (5.7%, 9.1%, 7.7%)</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Nausea (7.3%, 9.5%, 6.9%)</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Headache (6.1%, 7.6%, 8.5%)</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Company Information</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We were incorporated in California in October 1991 and subsequently reorganized as a Delaware corporation in March 1995. Our principal executive offices are located at 2722 29th Drive SE, Suite 100, Bothell, WA 98021 and 1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030, Vancouver, B.C. V6E 4H1, and our telephone number is (604) 210-2217.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">3</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="the_offering"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">THE OFFERING</font></p>
  <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;">
   <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
    <td style="width:30.76%;"></td>
    <td style="width:69.24%;"></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-right:0.08333333333333333in;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock Offered by Us</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;text-indent:6.0pt;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="margin-left:6.0pt;text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">3,000,000 shares.</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-right:0.08333333333333333in;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock to be Outstanding Immediately after this Offering</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;text-indent:6.0pt;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="margin-left:6.0pt;text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">20,930,362 shares.</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-right:0.08333333333333333in;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Use of Proceeds</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;text-indent:7.2pt;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="margin-left:7.2pt;text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering will be approximately $15.2 million, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities to fund product development and regulatory activities, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. See &#x201c;Use of Proceeds.&#x201d;</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-right:0.08333333333333333in;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Risk Factors</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;text-indent:7.2pt;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="margin-left:7.2pt;text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Investing in our common stock involves significant risks. You should read the &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; section beginning on page S-5 of this prospectus supplement and in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus, including the risk factors described under the section entitled &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; contained in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, for a discussion of factors to consider before deciding to purchase shares of our common stock.</font></p></td>
   </tr>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-right:0.08333333333333333in;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Nasdaq Capital Market Symbol</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);padding-top:0.01in;text-indent:6.0pt;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.014in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.01in;padding-right:0.014in;"><p style="margin-left:6.0pt;text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;ACHV&#x201d;</font></p></td>
   </tr>
  </table>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering in the table above is based on 17,930,362 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2023, and excludes:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1,329,236 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding as of March 31, 2023, with a weighted average exercise price of $12.83 per share;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">647,625 shares of common stock subject to unvested restricted stock units outstanding as of March 31, 2023;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1,206,202 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2023, with a weighted average exercise price of $16.54 per share;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">4,093,141 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants issued in our November 2022 private placement (the &#x201c;November 2022 PIPE&#x201d;), with an exercise price of $4.50 per share;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">33,473 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans as of March 31, 2023; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">approximately 1,773,019 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of $16.56 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding indebtedness pursuant to a contingent convertible debt agreement with Silicon Valley Bank. a division of First-Citizens Bank &amp; Trust Company (the &#x201c;Convertible Debt Agreement&#x201d;), which amount excludes any shares issuable upon the conversion of any accrued and unpaid interest.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Unless otherwise noted, the information in this prospectus assumes no exercise of outstanding options and warrants.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">4</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="risk_factors"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">RISK FACTORS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed below, the risk factors beginning on page 3 of the accompanying prospectus, as well as the risk factors discussed under the section entitled &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; contained in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 as updated by our subsequent filings under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#x201c;Exchange Act&#x201d;), each of which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus in their entirety, together with all of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, and any related free writing prospectus. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations. The occurrence of any of these known or unknown risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Risks Related to this Offering</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Management will have broad discretion as to the use of proceeds from this offering and we may use the net proceeds in ways with which you may disagree.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to fund product development and regulatory activities, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and could spend the proceeds in ways that do not improve our results of operations or enhance the value of our common stock. Accordingly, you will be relying on the judgment of our management on the use of net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. Our failure to apply these funds effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, delay the development of our product candidates and cause the price of our common stock to decline.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">You will experience immediate dilution as a result of this offering and may experience additional dilution in the future.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">If you purchase common stock in this offering, you will incur immediate dilution of $4.87 per share, representing the difference between the public offering price of $5.50 per share and our pro forma net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2023 after giving effect to this offering. For additional information, see &#x201c;Dilution&#x201d; below.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">5</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="forward_looking_statements"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus contain &#x201c;forward-looking statements&#x201d; within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. We caution readers that any forward-looking statement is not a guarantee of future performance and that actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statement. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements about future financial and operating results, plans, objectives, expectations and intentions, costs and expenses, interest rates, outcome of contingencies, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, business strategies, cost savings, objectives of management and other statements that are not historical facts. You can find many of these statements by looking for words like &#x201c;believes,&#x201d; &#x201c;expects,&#x201d; &#x201c;anticipates,&#x201d; &#x201c;estimates,&#x201d; &#x201c;may,&#x201d; &#x201c;should,&#x201d; &#x201c;will,&#x201d; &#x201c;could,&#x201d; &#x201c;plan,&#x201d; &#x201c;intend,&#x201d; or similar expressions in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors created thereby. Examples of these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">our ability to raise additional capital as needed to fund our planned development and commercialization efforts and repay our existing debt;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">progress and preliminary and future results of any clinical trials; </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">anticipated regulatory filings and U.S. Food and Drug Administration responses, recommendations, requirements or additional future clinical trials; </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the performance of, and our ability to obtain sufficient supply of cytisinicline in a timely manner from, third-party suppliers and manufacturers;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">timing and plans for the expansion of our focus to address other methods of nicotine addiction;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">timing and amount of future contractual payments, product revenue and operating expenses</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">market acceptance of our products and the estimated potential size of these markets; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">our expectations regarding the impact of the macroeconomic and geopolitical environment, including inflation, rising interest rates, increased volatility in the debt and equity markets, instability in the global banking sector, global health crises and pandemics and geopolitical conflict, and their potentially material adverse impact on our business and the execution of our preclinical studies and clinical trials. </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">These forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from current expectations and projections. Factors that might cause such a difference include the risk factors identified under the caption &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; in this prospectus, as well as those identified under Item 1A. &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#x201c;SEC&#x201d;) on May 9, 2023 and other documents we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated herein by reference.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this prospectus or, in the case of documents referred to or incorporated by reference, the date of those documents.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as may be required under applicable U.S. securities law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">6</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="use_of_proceeds"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">USE OF PROCEEDS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $15.2 million, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use net proceeds from this offering to fund product development and regulatory activities, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. We have not yet determined the amount of net proceeds to be used specifically for any particular purpose or the timing of these expenditures. Accordingly, our management will have significant discretion and flexibility in applying the net proceeds from the sale of these securities.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Based on our planned use of the net proceeds of this offering, we estimate such funds, together with our existing cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, will be sufficient for us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures into the third quarter of 2024.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures will depend on numerous factors, including the progress of our clinical trials and other development efforts and other factors described under &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; in this prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein, as well as the amount of cash used in our operations.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Pending these uses, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short-term or long-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">7</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="dilution"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DILUTION</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Our net tangible book value as of March 31, 2023 was approximately $(2.0) million, or approximately $(0.109) per share of common stock based on 17,930,362 shares outstanding. Net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing our net tangible book value, which consists of tangible assets less total liabilities, by the number of shares of common stock outstanding on that date.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">After giving effect to the sale and issuance of 3,000,000 shares in this offering at an offering price of $5.50 per share, and after deducting placement agent fees and estimated expenses, we would have had a net tangible book value as of March 31, 2023 of approximately $13.3 million, or $0.63 per share of common stock. This represents an immediate increase in the net tangible book value of $0.739 per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $4.87 per share to the investors in this offering. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:</font></p>
  <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
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    <td style="width:76.88%;"></td>
    <td style="width:11.56%;"></td>
    <td style="width:11.56%;"></td>
   </tr>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Public offering price per share of common stock</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$5.50</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;Net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 2023</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$(0.109)</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to the offering</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$0.739</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">As adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to the offering</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$0.630</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$4.87</font></p></td>
   </tr>
  </table>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The foregoing table excludes:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1,329,236 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of options outstanding as of March 31, 2023, with a weighted average exercise price of $12.83 per share;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">647,625 shares of common stock subject to restricted stock units outstanding as of March 31, 2023;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1,206,202 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2023, with a weighted average exercise price of $16.54 per share;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">8,186,282 shares of common stock issued in our November 2022 PIPE;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">4,093,141 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants issued in our November 2022 PIPE, with an exercise price of $4.50 per share;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">33,473 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under our equity incentive plans as of March 31, 2023; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">approximately 1,773,019 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of $16.56 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding indebtedness pursuant to our Convertible Debt Agreement, which amount excludes any shares issuable upon the conversion of any accrued and unpaid interest.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">8</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="plan_of_distribution"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC (&#x201c;Lake Street&#x201d;) has agreed to act as the exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering subject to the terms and conditions of the placement agency agreement dated May 25, 2023. We refer to Lake Street as the placement agent. The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus supplement, nor is it required to arrange the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of shares of our common stock, but has agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to arrange for the sale of all of the shares of our common stock offered hereby. We entered into a securities purchase agreement, dated May 25, 2023, directly with the investors in connection with this offering, and we will only sell to the investors who have entered into the securities purchase agreement with us.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We expect to deliver the shares of common stock being offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement on or about May 30, 2023, subject to customary closing conditions.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Determination of Offering Price</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The offering price of the securities we are offering was negotiated between us and the investors in the offering based on the trading price of our common stock prior to the offering, among other things.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Indemnification</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We have agreed to indemnify Lake Street against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments Lake Street may be required to make in respect thereof.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Placement Agent Fees, Commissions and Expenses</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We have agreed to pay the placement agent a placement agent fee equal to 6.0% of the aggregate purchase price of the shares of our common stock sold in this offering. The following table shows the per share and total cash placement agent&#x2019;s fees we will pay to the placement agent in connection with the sale of the shares of our common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:95.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
   <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
    <td style="width:56.174%;"></td>
    <td style="width:1.023%;"></td>
    <td style="width:1.395%;"></td>
    <td style="width:1.001%;"></td>
    <td style="width:16.745%;"></td>
    <td style="width:1.001%;"></td>
    <td style="width:1.822%;"></td>
    <td style="width:1.001%;"></td>
    <td style="width:1.001%;"></td>
    <td style="width:1.001%;"></td>
    <td style="width:0.596%;"></td>
    <td style="width:0.596%;"></td>
    <td style="width:15.643%;"></td>
    <td style="width:1.001%;"></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:24.45pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0.02in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="4" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Per Share</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(255,255,255,0.01);text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Total</font></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:11.8pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Offering price</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">5.50</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;16,500,000</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:12.6pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Placement agent&#x2019;s fees</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$0.33</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">990,000</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:11.8pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Proceeds, before expenses, to us</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$5.17</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">15,510,000</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(224,249,254,1);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
   </tr>
  </table>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">In addition, we have agreed to reimburse the placement agent for all travel and other out-of-pocket expenses, including the reasonable fees, costs and disbursements of its legal counsel, in an amount not to exceed an aggregate of $75,000.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We estimate that the total expenses of the offering payable by us, excluding the placement agent&#x2019;s fees and the reimbursement noted above, will be approximately $0.2 million.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Regulation M</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The placement agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the resale of the shares sold by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. As underwriter, the placement agent would be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act and Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of shares by the placement agent acting as principal. Under these rules and regulations, the placement agent:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities; and</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">9</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:4.528%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.7521786492374725%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">may not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Electronic Distribution</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may be made available in electronic format on websites or through other online services maintained by the placement agent or by an affiliate. Other than this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, the information on the placement agent&#x2019;s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the placement agent is not part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus form a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the placement agent, and should not be relied upon by investors.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Other</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The foregoing does not purport to be a complete statement of the terms and conditions of the placement agency agreement and the form of securities purchase agreement. A copy of the form of securities purchase agreement with the purchasers will be included as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed with the SEC and incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus form a part. See &#x201c;Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference&#x201d; and &#x201c;Where You Can Find More Information.&#x201d;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">No action has been or will be taken in any jurisdiction (except in the United States) that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus, or the possession, circulation or distribution of this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus or any other material relating to us or the securities offered hereby in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. Accordingly, the securities offered hereby may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, and neither of this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus nor any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the securities offered hereby may be distributed or published, in or from any country or jurisdiction except in compliance with any applicable rules and regulations of any such country or jurisdiction. The placement agent may arrange to sell securities offered by this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus in certain jurisdictions outside the United States, either directly or through affiliates, where they are permitted to do so.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Relationships</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The placement agent and its affiliates may provide from time to time in the future certain commercial banking, financial advisory, investment banking and other services for us in the ordinary course of their business, for which they may receive customary fees and commissions. In addition, from time to time, the placement agent and its affiliates may effect transactions for their own account or the account of customers, and hold on behalf of themselves or their customers, long or short positions in our debt or equity securities or loans, and may do so in the future. However, except as disclosed in this prospectus supplement, we have no present arrangements with the placement agent for any further services.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Below is a description of certain recent investment banking and financial advisory services that Lake Street has provided to us in the ordinary course of business, for which Lake Street received customary fees, commissions and other compensation.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">On November 14, 2022, Lake Street served as the exclusive placement agent for us in connection with a private placement offering of 4,093,141 units, or the Units, each consisting of (i) two shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and (ii) a warrant to purchase one share of common stock, at an offering price of $4.625 per Unit, for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $18.9 million. Pursuant to the engagement agreement, Lake Street received a cash commission equal to 5% of the gross proceeds from the sale of the Units.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">10</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="legal_matters"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">LEGAL MATTERS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The validity of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus will be passed upon by Fenwick &amp; West LLP, Seattle, Washington. Sullivan &amp; Worcester LLP, New York, New York is acting as counsel to the placement agent in connection with this offering.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">11</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="experts"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">EXPERTS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">12</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="where_you_can_find"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with respect to the securities covered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, which are part of the registration statement, do not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement or the exhibits and schedules filed therewith. For further information with respect to us and the securities covered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, please see the registration statement and the exhibits filed with the registration statement. Whenever we make reference in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the references are not necessarily complete and you should refer to the exhibits filed as part of the registration statement for copies of the actual contract, agreement or other document.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We file annual, quarterly and other periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You can read our SEC filings, including this registration statement, over the Internet at the SEC&#x2019;s website at www.sec.gov.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Our Internet address is www.achievelifesciences.com. There we make available free of charge, on or through the investor relations section of our website, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with the SEC. The information found on our website is not part of this prospectus and investors should not rely on any such information in deciding whether to invest.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">13</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;" id="info_incorp_by_ref"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The SEC and applicable law permits us to &#x201c;incorporate by reference&#x201d; into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus information that we have or may in the future file with or furnish to the SEC. This means that we can disclose important information by referring you to those documents. You should read carefully the information incorporated herein by reference because it is an important part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We hereby incorporate by reference the following documents into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">our </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459023003800/achv-10k_20221231.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Annual Report on Form 10-K</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on March 16, 2023 (as amended by </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000095017023022462/achv-20221231.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> filed with the SEC on May 16, 2023);</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000095017023019680/achv-20230331.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">March 31, 2023</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, as filed with the SEC on May 9, 2023;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.447919145106397%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000156459023003159/achv-8k_20230301.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">March 6, 2023</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">,</font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000156459023004277/achv-8k_20230321.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> March 23, 2023</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">,</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000156459023004687/achv-8k_20230329.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">March 30, 2023</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> (excluding any information furnished in such report under Item 7.01), </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000095017023022609/achv-20230515.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">May 17, 2023</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000095017023023533/achv-20230523.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">May 23, 2023</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(181,8,46,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">and </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000095017023024074/achv-20230525.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">May 25, 2023</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> (excluding any information furnished in such report under Item 7.01);</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312523125216/d464571ddef14a.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">April 28, 2023</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(but only with respect to information required by Part III of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022); and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:2.796%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:3.87%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.981317641249332%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on September 27, 1995 under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Additionally, all documents filed by us with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus supplement until the termination or completion of this offering shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus (other than current reports or portions thereof furnished under Item 2.02 or 7.01 of Form 8-K, unless such current reports or portions thereof specifically reference their contents as being filed) from the respective dates of the filing of such documents. Any information that we subsequently file with the SEC that is incorporated by reference as described above will automatically update and supersede any previous information that is part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Any statement contained in a document incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for all purposes to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document which is also incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference, modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. You may request a copy of these filings (other than an exhibit to a filing unless that exhibit is specifically incorporated by reference into that filing) at no cost by writing, telephoning or e-mailing us at the following address, telephone number or e-mail address:</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">2722 29th Drive SE, Suite 100</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Bothell, WA 98021</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Tel: (604) 210-2217</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Attn: Sandra Thomson</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Copies of these filings are also available through the &#x201c;Investors&#x201d; section of our website at www.achievelifesciences.com. For other ways to obtain a copy of these filings, please refer to &#x201c;Where You Can Find More Information.&#x201d;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">S-</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">14</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PROSPECTUS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">$100,000,000</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><img src="img182096599_1.jpg" alt="img182096599_1.jpg" style="width:105px;height:115px;">&#160;</p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock, Preferred Stock,</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Debt Securities, Warrants, Subscription Rights and Units</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;padding-bottom:1.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;border-bottom:0.75pt solid;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">From time to time, we may offer up to $100,000,000 aggregate amount of shares of our common stock or preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, subscription rights to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities and/or units consisting of some or all of these securities, in any combination, together or separately, in one or more offerings, in amounts, at prices and on the terms that we will determine at the time of the offering and which will be set forth in a prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus. The prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. The total amount of these securities will have an initial aggregate offering price of up to $100,000,000.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">You should read this prospectus, the information incorporated, or deemed to be incorporated, by reference in this prospectus, and any applicable prospectus supplement and related free writing prospectus carefully before you invest.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#x201c;ACHV.&#x201d; On December 20, 2021 the last reported sales price for our common stock was $7.39 per share. None of the other securities we may offer are currently traded on any securities exchange. The applicable prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus will contain information, where applicable, as to any other listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market or any securities market or exchange of the securities covered by the prospectus supplement and any related free writing prospectus.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;padding-bottom:1.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;border-bottom:0.75pt solid;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making any investment in these securities, you should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties in the section entitled &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(4,98,193,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Risk Factors</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; beginning on page 4 of this prospectus.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, subscription rights and/or units may be sold by us to or through underwriters or dealers, directly to purchasers or through agents designated from time to time. For additional information on the methods of sale, you should refer to the section entitled &#x201c;Plan of Distribution&#x201d; in this prospectus. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any securities with respect to which this prospectus is being delivered, the names of such underwriters or agents and any applicable fees, discounts or commissions, details regarding over-allotment options, if any, and the net proceeds to us will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The price to the public of such securities and the net proceeds we expect to receive from such sale will also be set forth in a prospectus supplement.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The securities are not being offered in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The date of this prospectus is         , 2021</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:rgba(0,0,237,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:0.5pt solid;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PAGE</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_about_this_prospectus"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">2</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_risk_factors"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">RISK FACTORS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">4</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_cautionary_fls"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">5</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_where_you_can_info"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">6</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_incorp_by_ref"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">INCORPORATION OF INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">7</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_use_of_proceeds"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">USE OF PROCEEDS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">8</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_plan_of_dist"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">9</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_desc_capital_stock"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">11</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_desc_of_securities"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">14</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_desc_warrants"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">23</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_desc_of_sub_rights"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">25</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_desc_of_units"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">26</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_legal_matters"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">LEGAL MATTERS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">27</font></p></td>
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   <tr style="height:10.0pt;">
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="#i_experts"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">EXPERTS</font></a></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">28</font></p></td>
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  </table>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:0.173%;text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_about_this_prospectus"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, using a &#x201c;shelf&#x201d; registration process. Under this shelf registration process, from time to time, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $100,000,000.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We have provided to you in this prospectus a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities under this shelf registration process, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of the offering. We may also add, update or change in the prospectus supplement any of the information contained in this prospectus. To the extent there is a conflict between the information contained in this prospectus and the prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement; provided that, if any statement in one of these documents is inconsistent with a statement in another document having a later date&#x2014;for example, a document incorporated by reference in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement&#x2014;the statement in the document having the later date modifies or supersedes the earlier statement. You should read both this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading &#x201c;Where You Can Find More Information.&#x201d;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Neither we, nor any agent, underwriter or dealer have authorized anyone to give you any information or to make any representation other than the information and representations contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus or any applicable prospectus supplement. We and any agent, underwriter or dealer take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information others may give you. You may not imply from the delivery of this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, nor from a sale made under this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement, that our affairs are unchanged since the date of this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or that the information contained in any document incorporated by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document incorporated by reference, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement or any sale of a security. This prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement may only be used where it is legal to sell the securities.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">In this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms &#x201c;Achieve,&#x201d; the &#x201c;Company,&#x201d; &#x201c;we,&#x201d; &#x201c;us,&#x201d; and &#x201c;our&#x201d; refer to Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. together with its subsidiaries, taken as a whole.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_prospectus_summary"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PROSPECTUS SUMMARY</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.267%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">This summary highlights information contained in other parts of this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, and our other filings with the SEC listed below under the heading &#x201c;Incorporation of Information by Reference.&#x201d; This summary may not contain all the information that you should consider before investing in securities. You should read the entire prospectus and the information incorporated by reference in this prospectus carefully, including &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; and the financial data and related notes and other information incorporated by reference, before making an investment decision. See &#x201c;Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.&#x201d;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Our Company</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.267%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We are a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company committed to the global development and commercialization of cytisinicline for smoking cessation and nicotine addiction. Our primary focus is to address the global smoking and nicotine addiction epidemic, which is a leading cause of preventable death and is responsible for more than eight million deaths annually worldwide. We may expand our focus to address other methods of nicotine addiction such as e-cigarettes/vaping. Our management team has significant experience in growing emerging companies focused on the development of under-utilized pharmaceutical compounds to meet unmet medical needs. We intend to use this experience to develop and ultimately commercialize cytisinicline either directly or via strategic collaborations.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The Securities We May Offer</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.267%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">With this prospectus, we may offer common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, subscription rights to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, and/or units consisting of some or all of these securities in any combination. The aggregate offering price of securities that we offer with this prospectus will not exceed $100,000,000. Each time we offer securities with this prospectus, we will provide offerees with a prospectus supplement that will contain the specific terms of the securities being offered. The following is a summary of the securities we may offer with this prospectus.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may offer shares of our common stock, par value $0.001 per share.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Preferred Stock</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.267%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may offer shares of our preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, in one or more series. Our board of directors or a committee designated by the board will determine the dividend, voting, conversion and other rights of the series of shares of preferred stock being offered. Each series of preferred stock will be more fully described in the particular prospectus supplement that will accompany this prospectus, including redemption provisions, rights in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or the winding up, voting rights and rights to convert into common stock.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Debt Securities</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.267%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may offer general obligations, which may be secured or unsecured, senior or subordinated and convertible into shares of our common stock or preferred stock. In this prospectus, we refer to the senior debt securities and the subordinated debt securities together as the &#x201c;debt securities.&#x201d; Our board of directors will determine the terms of each series of debt securities being offered.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.267%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We will issue the debt securities under an indenture between us and a trustee. In this document, we have summarized general features of the debt securities from the indenture. We encourage you to read the indenture, which is an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Warrants</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.267%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may offer warrants for the purchase of debt securities, shares of preferred stock or shares of common stock. We may issue warrants independently or together with other securities. Our board of directors or a committee designated by our board of directors will determine the terms of the warrants.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">2</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Subscription Rights</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.267%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may offer subscription rights to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities. We may issue subscription rights independently or together with other securities. Our board of directors or a committee designated by our board of directors will determine the terms of the subscription rights.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Units</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may offer units consisting of some or all of the securities described above, in any combination, including common stock, preferred stock, warrants and/or debt securities. The terms of these units will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The description of the terms of these units in the related prospectus supplement will not be complete. You should refer to the applicable form of unit and unit agreement for complete information with respect to these units.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">* * *</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We were incorporated in California in October 1991 and subsequently reorganized as a Delaware corporation in March 1995. Our principal executive offices are located at 1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030, Vancouver, B.C. V6E 4H1, and our telephone number is (604) 210-2217.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">3</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_risk_factors"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">RISK FACTORS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. The prospectus supplement applicable to each offering of securities will contain a discussion of the risks applicable to an investment in our securities. Prior to making a decision about investing in our securities, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed under the heading &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; in the applicable prospectus supplement, together with all of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in the prospectus supplement or appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021, and other documents we file with the SEC that are deemed incorporated by reference into this prospectus, which may be amended, supplemented, or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future. The risks and uncertainties we have described are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our operations.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">4</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_cautionary_fls"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This prospectus contains or incorporates by reference &#x201c;forward-looking statements&#x201d; within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. We caution readers that any forward-looking statement is not a guarantee of future performance and that actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statement. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statements about future financial and operating results, plans, objectives, expectations and intentions, costs and expenses, interest rates, outcome of contingencies, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, business strategies, cost savings, objectives of management and other statements that are not historical facts. You can find many of these statements by looking for words like &#x201c;believes,&#x201d; &#x201c;expects,&#x201d; &#x201c;anticipates,&#x201d; &#x201c;estimates,&#x201d; &#x201c;may,&#x201d; &#x201c;should,&#x201d; &#x201c;will,&#x201d; &#x201c;could,&#x201d; &#x201c;plan,&#x201d; &#x201c;intend&#x201d; or similar expressions in this prospectus or in documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe harbors created thereby. Examples of these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">our ability to continue as a going concern, our anticipated future capital requirements and the terms of any capital financing agreements;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">progress and preliminary and future results of any clinical trials;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">anticipated regulatory filings, requirements and future clinical trials;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the effects of COVID-19 on our business and financial results;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">timing and amount of future contractual payments, product revenue and operating expenses; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">market acceptance of our products and the estimated potential size of these markets.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">These forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from current expectations and projections. Factors that might cause such a difference include the risk factors identified under the caption &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; in this prospectus, as well as those identified under Item 1A. &#x201c;Risk Factors&#x201d; in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the SEC on November 9, 2021.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this prospectus or, in the case of documents referred to or incorporated by reference, the date of those documents.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. We do not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as may be required under applicable U.S. securities law. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">5</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:0.173%;text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_where_you_can_info"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-3 under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered hereby. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, the exhibits filed therewith or the documents incorporated by reference therein. For further information about us and the securities offered hereby, reference is made to the registration statement, the exhibits filed therewith and the documents incorporated by reference therein. Statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract or any other document that is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement are not necessarily complete, and in each instance, we refer you to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act and are required to file annual, quarterly and other reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and various other information about us. You may also inspect the documents described herein at our principal executive offices, 1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030, Vancouver, B.C. V6E 4H1, during normal business hours.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Information about us is also available at our website at </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">https://achievelifesciences.com/</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. However, the information on our website is not a part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">6</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_incorp_by_ref"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">INCORPORATION OF INFORMATION BY REFERENCE</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The SEC allows us to &#x201c;incorporate by reference&#x201d; information that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those other documents. The information incorporated by reference is an important part of this prospectus, and information we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. A Current Report (or portion thereof) furnished, but not filed, on Form 8-K shall not be incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we make with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act prior to the termination of any offering of securities made by this prospectus:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">our Annual Report on </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459021012523/achv-10k_20201231.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Form 10-K</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2021;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended March 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459021027556/achv-10q_20210331.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">May 13, 2021</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">; June 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on August 12, 2021; and September 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">November 9, 2021</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000156459021013150/achv-8k_20210309.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">March 15, 2021</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000156459021027542/achv-8k_20210513.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">May 13, 2021</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">and </font><a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000156459021029769/achv-8k_20210525.htm"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">May 25, 2021</font></a><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(excluding any information furnished in such report under Item 2.02); and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on September 27, 1995 (paper filing) under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We will furnish without charge to you, on written or oral request, a copy of any or all of such documents that has been incorporated herein by reference (other than exhibits to such documents unless such exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into the documents that this prospectus incorporates). You may request a copy of these filings (other than an exhibit to a filing unless that exhibit is specifically incorporated by reference into that filing) at no cost by writing, telephoning or e-mailing us at the following address, telephone number or e-mail address:</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Vancouver, BC V6E 4H1</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Tel: (604) 210-2217</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Attn: Sandra Thomson</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Copies of these filings are also available through the &#x201c;Investors&#x201d; section of our website at </font><font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">www.achievelifesciences.com.</font></font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> See the section of this prospectus entitled &#x201c;Where You Can Find More Information&#x201d; for information concerning how to obtain copies of materials that we file with the SEC.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Any statement contained in this prospectus, or in a document, all or a portion of which is incorporated by reference, shall be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any document incorporated by reference modifies or supersedes such statement. Any such statement so modified or superseded shall not, except as so modified or superseded, constitute a part of this prospectus.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">7</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_use_of_proceeds"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">USE OF PROCEEDS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We will retain broad discretion over the use of the net proceeds to us from the sale of our securities under this prospectus. Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities under this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include funding research, clinical and process development and manufacturing of our product candidates, increasing our working capital, reducing indebtedness, acquisitions or investments in businesses, products or technologies that are complementary to our own and capital expenditures. We will set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement our intended use for the net proceeds received from the sale of any securities. Pending the application of the net proceeds, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short-term or long-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">8</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_plan_of_dist"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may sell the securities covered by this prospectus to one or more underwriters for public offering and sale by them, and may also sell the securities to investors directly or through agents. We will name any underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of securities in the applicable prospectus supplement. We have reserved the right to sell or exchange securities directly to investors on our own behalf in jurisdictions where we are authorized to do so. We may distribute the securities from time to time in one or more transactions:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">at market prices prevailing at the time of sale;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">at negotiated prices.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may directly solicit offers to purchase the securities being offered by this prospectus. We may also designate agents to solicit offers to purchase the securities from time to time. We will name in a prospectus supplement any agent involved in the offer or sale of our securities. Unless otherwise indicated in a prospectus supplement, an agent will be acting on a best efforts basis, and a dealer will purchase securities as a principal for resale at varying prices to be determined by the dealer.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">If we utilize an underwriter in the sale of the securities being offered by this prospectus, we will execute an underwriting agreement with the underwriter at the time of sale and we will provide the name of any underwriter in the prospectus supplement that the underwriter will use to make resales of the securities to the public. In connection with the sale of the securities, we, or the purchasers of securities for whom the underwriter may act as agent, may compensate the underwriter in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions. The underwriter may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions, or commissions from the underwriters or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agent.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We will provide in the applicable prospectus supplement any compensation we pay to underwriters, dealers, or agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and any discounts, concessions, or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers. Underwriters, dealers, and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions. In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, the aggregate maximum discount, commission or agency fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer shall be fair and reasonable. We may enter into agreements to indemnify underwriters, dealers and agents against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to reimburse them for certain expenses. We may grant underwriters who participate in the distribution of our securities under this prospectus an option to purchase additional securities in connection with the distribution.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The securities we offer under this prospectus may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange. To facilitate the offering of securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities. This may include short sales of the securities, which involves the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than we sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their option to purchase additional securities. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">9</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may engage in at the market offerings into an existing trading market in accordance with Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and they may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in these sale transactions will be an underwriter and will be identified in the applicable prospectus supplement. In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus. The financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We will file a prospectus supplement to describe the terms of any offering of our securities covered by this prospectus. The prospectus supplement will disclose:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the terms of the offer;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the names of any underwriters, including any managing underwriters, as well as any dealers or agents;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the purchase price of the securities from us;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the net proceeds to us from the sale of the securities;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any delayed delivery arrangements;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the nature of the underwriters&#x2019; obligations to take the securities;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any options under which underwriters, if any, may purchase additional securities from us;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any underwriting discounts, commissions or other items constituting underwriters&#x2019; compensation, and any commissions paid to agents;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">in a subscription rights offering, whether we have engaged dealer-managers to facilitate the offering or subscription, including their name or names and compensation;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any securities exchanges or markets on which such securities may be listed;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any public offering price; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">other facts material to the transaction.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We will bear all or substantially all of the costs, expenses and fees in connection with the registration of our securities under this prospectus. The underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of business.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Exchange Act, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in two business days, unless the parties to any such trade expressly agree otherwise or the securities are sold by us to an underwriter in a firm commitment underwritten offering. The applicable prospectus supplement may provide that the original issue date for your securities may be more than two scheduled business days after the trade date for your securities. Accordingly, in such a case, if you wish to trade securities on any date prior to the second business day before the original issue date for your securities, you will be required, by virtue of the fact that your securities initially are expected to settle in more than two scheduled business days after the trade date for your securities, to make alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">10</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_desc_capital_stock"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">General</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized capital stock consists of 155,000,000 shares. Those shares consist of 150,000,000 shares of common stock, par value of $0.001 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.001 per share. As of September 30, 2021, there were 9,453,542 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock outstanding. In addition, as of September 30, 2021, we had reserved, pursuant to various plans, 579,485 shares of our common stock for issuance upon exercise of stock options and settlement of restricted stock units by our employees, directors, officers and consultants, of which 522,090 were reserved for outstanding options, 53,250 were reserved for outstanding restricted stock units and 4,145 were available for future equity grants.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">As of September 30, 2021, there were warrants outstanding to purchase an aggregate of 1,243,656 shares of our common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $18.46 per share. Our common stock is traded on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#x201c;ACHV.&#x201d;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The following description summarizes the material terms of our capital stock. For greater detail about our capital stock, please refer to our certificate of incorporation and bylaws.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Voting Rights</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. For all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, each holder of our common stock is entitled to one vote for each share registered in his or her name. Except as may be required by law and in connection with some significant actions, such as mergers, consolidations, or amendments to our certificate of incorporation that affect the rights of stockholders, holders of our common stock vote together as a single class. There is no cumulative voting in the election of our directors, which means that, subject to any rights to elect directors that are granted to the holders of any class or series of preferred stock, a plurality of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present is sufficient to elect a director.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Liquidation</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. In the event we are liquidated, dissolved or our affairs are wound up, after we pay or make adequate provision for all of our known debts and liabilities, each holder of our common stock will be entitled to share ratably in all assets that remain, subject to any rights that are granted to the holders of any class or series of preferred stock.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Dividends</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. Subject to preferential dividend rights of any other class or series of stock, the holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends, including dividends of our stock, as and when declared by our board of directors, subject to any limitations imposed by law and to the rights of the holders, if any, of our preferred stock. We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock. We do not anticipate paying periodic cash dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Any future determination about the payment of dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon our earnings, if any, capital requirements, operating and financial conditions and on such other factors as the board of directors deems relevant.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Other Rights and Restrictions</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock, all shares of our common stock have equal dividend, distribution, liquidation and other rights, and have no preference, appraisal or exchange rights, except for any appraisal rights provided by Delaware law. Furthermore, holders of our common stock have no conversion, sinking fund or redemption rights, or preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities. Our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws do not restrict the ability of a holder of our common stock to transfer his or her shares of our common stock.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The rights, powers, preferences and privileges of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of shares of any series of preferred stock which we may designate and issue in the future.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">11</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Listing</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#x201c;ACHV.&#x201d;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer Agent and Registrar</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. The transfer agent for our common stock is American Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company, LLC.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Preferred Stock</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The following description of preferred stock and the description of the terms of any particular series of preferred stock that we choose to issue hereunder and that will be set forth in the related prospectus supplement are not complete. These descriptions are qualified in their entirety by reference to the certificate of designation relating to that series. The rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of the preferred stock of each series will be fixed by the certificate of designation relating to that series.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The board of directors has the authority, without stockholder approval, subject to limitations prescribed by law, to provide for the issuance of the shares of preferred stock in one or more series, and by filing a certificate pursuant to the applicable law of the State of Delaware, to establish from time to time the number of shares to be included in each such series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences, and rights of the shares of each series and the qualifications, limitations, or restrictions, including, but not limited to, the following:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the number of shares constituting that series;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">dividend rights and rates;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">voting rights;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">conversion terms;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">rights and terms of redemption (including sinking fund provisions); and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">rights of the series in the event of liquidation, dissolution, or winding up.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">All shares of preferred stock offered hereby will, when issued, be fully paid and nonassessable and will not have any preemptive or similar rights. Our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction that might involve a premium price for holders of the shares or which holders might believe to be in their best interests.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We will set forth in a prospectus supplement relating to the series of preferred stock being offered the following items:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the title and stated value of the preferred stock;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the number of shares of the preferred stock offered, the liquidation preference per share, and the offering price of the preferred stock;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the dividend rate(s), period(s), and/or payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation applicable to the preferred stock;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">whether dividends are cumulative or non-cumulative and, if cumulative, the date from which dividends on the preferred stock will accumulate;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, for the preferred stock;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, for the preferred stock;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the provision for redemption, if applicable, of the preferred stock;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred stock will be convertible into common stock, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation) and conversion period;</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">12</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">voting rights, if any, of the preferred stock;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">a discussion of any material and/or special United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon the liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of our affairs;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any limitations on issuance of any class or series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the class or series of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of our affairs; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations, or restrictions of the preferred stock.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The transfer agent and registrar for any series of preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">13</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_desc_of_securities"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">General</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The debt securities will be either our senior debt securities or our subordinated debt securities. We will issue our debt securities under one or more separate indentures between us and a trustee. Senior debt securities will be issued under a senior indenture and subordinated securities will be issued under a subordinated indenture. A copy of the form of each type of indenture has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The indentures may be supplemented by one or more supplemental indentures. We refer to the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture, together with any supplemental indentures, as the &#x201c;indentures&#x201d; throughout the remainder of this prospectus.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may offer under this prospectus up to an aggregate principal amount of $100,000,000 in debt securities, or if debt securities are issued at a discount, or in a foreign currency, foreign currency units or composite currency, the principal amount as may be sold for an aggregate public offering price of up to $100,000,000. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the debt securities will represent our direct, unsecured obligations and will rank equally with all of our other unsecured indebtedness.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The indentures do not limit the amount of debt securities that we may issue. The indentures provide that debt securities may be issued up to the principal amount that we authorize from time to time. The senior debt securities will be secured or unsecured and will have the same rank as all of our other indebtedness that is not subordinated. The subordinated debt securities will be secured or unsecured and will be subordinated and junior to all senior indebtedness. The terms of the indentures do not contain any covenants or other provisions designed to give holders of any debt securities protection against changes in our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us, but those provisions may be included in the documents that include the specific terms of the debt securities.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may issue the debt securities in one or more separate series of senior debt securities and subordinated debt securities. The prospectus supplement relating to the particular series of debt securities being offered will specify the particular amounts, prices and terms of those debt securities. These terms may include:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the title of the debt securities;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:3.333%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">if other than United States dollars, the currency or currencies, including the euro and other composite currencies, in which payments on the debt securities will be payable and whether the holder may elect payment to be made in a different currency;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the date or dates when payments on the principal must be made or the method of determining that date or dates;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">interest rates, and the dates from which interest, if any, will accrue, and the dates when interest is payable and the maturity;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of the extensions;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the places where payments may be made and the manner of payments;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any mandatory or optional redemption provisions;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any subordination provisions;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the denominations in which debt securities will be issued;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the terms applicable to any debt securities issued at a discount from their stated principal amount;</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">14</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.667%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the currency or currencies of payment of principal or interest and the period, if any, during which a holder may elect to pay in a currency other than the currency in which the debt securities are denominated;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:4.796%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">if the amount of payments of principal or interest is to be determined by reference to an index or formula, or based on a coin or currency other than that in which the debt securities are stated to be payable, the manner in which these amounts are determined and the calculation agent, if any;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">whether the debt securities will be secured or unsecured;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">whether the debt securities will be issued in the form of one or more global securities in temporary or definitive form;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:5.602%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">whether and on what terms we will pay additional amounts to holders of the debt securities that are not United States persons in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge withheld or deducted and, if so, whether and on what terms we will have the option to redeem the debt securities rather than pay the additional amounts;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the certificates or forms required for the issuance of debt securities in definitive form;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the trustees, depositaries, authenticating or paying agents, transfer agents or registrars of the debt securities;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any deletions of, or changes or additions to, the events of default or covenants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.537%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">conversion or exchange provisions, if any, including conversion or exchange prices or rates and adjustments to those prices and rates; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any other specific terms of the debt securities.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">If any debt securities are sold for any foreign currency or currency unit or if any payments on the debt securities are payable in any foreign currency or currency unit, the prospectus supplement will contain any restrictions, elections, tax consequences, specific terms and other information with respect to the debt securities and the foreign currency or currency unit.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Some of the debt securities may be issued as original issue discount debt securities. Original issue discount securities may bear no interest or bear interest at below-market rates and will be sold at a discount below their stated principal amount and may bear no or below market interest. The applicable prospectus supplement will also contain any special tax, accounting or other information relating to original issue discount securities other kinds of debt securities that may be offered, including debt securities linked to an index or payable in currencies other than United States dollars.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Senior Debt Securities</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on senior debt securities will rank on a parity with all of our other indebtedness that is not subordinated.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Subordinated Debt Securities</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Payment of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on subordinated debt securities will be junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all of our unsubordinated debt, including senior debt securities. We will state in the applicable prospectus supplement relating to any subordinated debt securities the subordination terms of the securities as well as the aggregate amount of outstanding debt, as of the most recent practicable date, that by its terms would be senior to the subordinated debt securities. We will also state in such prospectus supplement limitations, if any, on issuance of additional senior debt.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Registrar and Paying Agent</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The debt securities may be presented for registration of transfer or for exchange at the corporate trust office of the security registrar or at any other office or agency that we maintain for those purposes. In addition, the debt securities may be presented for payment of principal, interest and any premium at the office of the paying agent or at any office or agency that we maintain for those purposes.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">15</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Global Securities</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:3.7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may issue the debt securities of a series in whole or in part in the form of one or more global certificates that will be deposited with a depositary we will identify in a prospectus supplement. We may issue global debt securities in either temporary or definitive form. We will describe the specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any series of debt securities in the prospectus supplement.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Conversion or Exchange Rights</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of our common stock. The terms and conditions of conversion or exchange will be stated in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms will include, among others, the following:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the conversion or exchange price;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the conversion or exchange period;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">provisions regarding the convertibility or exchangeability of the debt securities, including who may convert or exchange;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">events requiring adjustment to the conversion or exchange price;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">provisions affecting conversion or exchange in the event of our redemption of the debt securities; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any anti-dilution provisions, if applicable.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Registered Global Securities</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities in definitive registered form, a registered global security may not be transferred except as a whole:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">by the depositary for that registered global security to its nominee;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of the depositary; or</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">by the depositary or its nominee to a successor of the depositary or a nominee of the successor.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The prospectus supplement relating to a series of debt securities will describe the specific terms of the depositary arrangement involving any portion of the series represented by a registered global security.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements for debt securities:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.398%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ownership of beneficial interests in a registered global security will be limited to persons that have accounts with the depositary for that registered global security, these persons being referred to as &#x201c;participants,&#x201d; or persons that may hold interests through participants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.398%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">upon the issuance of a registered global security, the depositary for the registered global security will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the participants&#x2019; accounts with the respective principal amounts of the debt securities represented by the registered global security beneficially owned by the participants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.537%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any dealers, underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the debt securities will designate the accounts to be credited; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.398%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ownership of beneficial interest in that registered global security will be shown on, and the transfer of that ownership interest will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for that registered global security for interests of participants and on the records of participants for interests of persons holding through participants.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">16</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The laws of some states may require that specified purchasers of securities take physical delivery of the securities in definitive form. These laws may limit the ability of those persons to own, transfer or pledge beneficial interests in registered global securities.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">So long as the depositary for a registered global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of that registered global security, the depositary or that nominee will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the registered global security for all purposes under the indenture. Except as stated below, owners of beneficial interests in a registered global security:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">will not be entitled to have the debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in their names;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">will not receive or be entitled to receive physical delivery of the debt securities in definitive form; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">will not be considered the owners or holders of the debt securities under the indenture.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Accordingly, each person owning a beneficial interest in a registered global security must rely on the procedures of the depositary for the registered global security and, if the person is not a participant, on the procedures of a participant through which the person owns its interest, to exercise any rights of a holder under the indenture.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We understand that under existing industry practices, if we request any action of holders or if an owner of a beneficial interest in a registered global security desires to give or take any action that a holder is entitled to give or take under the indenture, the depositary for the registered global security would authorize the participants holding the relevant beneficial interests to give or take the action, and the participants would authorize beneficial owners owning through the participants to give or take the action or would otherwise act upon the instructions of beneficial owners holding through them.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We will make payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, on debt securities represented by a registered global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee to the depositary or its nominee as the registered owners of the registered global security. None of us, the trustee or any other of our agents or agents of the trustee will be responsible or liable for any aspect of the records relating to, or payments made on account of, beneficial ownership interests in the registered global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to the beneficial ownership interests.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We expect that the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global security, upon receipt of any payments of principal and premium, if any, and interest, if any, in respect of the registered global security, will immediately credit participants&#x2019; accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the registered global security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that standing customer instructions and customary practices will govern payments by participants to owners of beneficial interests in the registered global security held through the participants, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in &#x201c;street name.&#x201d; We also expect that any of these payments will be the responsibility of the participants.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">If the depositary for any debt securities represented by a registered global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary or stops being a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, we will appoint an eligible successor depositary. If we fail to appoint an eligible successor depositary within 90 days, we will issue the debt securities in definitive form in exchange for the registered global security. In addition, we may at any time and in our sole discretion decide not to have any of the debt securities of a series represented by one or more registered global securities. In that event, we will issue debt securities of the series in a definitive form in exchange for all of the registered global securities representing the debt securities. The trustee will register any debt securities issued in definitive form in exchange for a registered global security in the name or names as the depositary, based upon instructions from its participants, will instruct the trustee.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">17</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Merger, Consolidation or Sale of Assets</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Under the terms of the indentures, we may consolidate or merge with another company, or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all our assets to another company, if:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">we are the continuing entity; or</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.398%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">we are not the continuing entity, (ii) the successor entity is organized under the laws of the United States of America and expressly assumes all payments on all of the debt securities and the performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of the applicable indenture, and (iii) the merger, sale of assets or other transaction must not cause a default on the debt securities and we must not already be in default.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Events of Default</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Unless otherwise provided for in the prospectus supplement, the term &#x201c;event of default,&#x201d; when used in the indentures means any of the following:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">failure to pay interest for 30 days after the date payment is due and payable; however, if we extend an interest payment period under the terms of the debt securities, the extension will not be a failure to pay interest;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">failure to pay principal or premium, if any, on any debt security when due, either at maturity, upon any redemption, by declaration or otherwise;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">failure to perform other covenants for 60 days after notice that performance was required;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">certain events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization of our company; or</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any other event of default provided in the applicable resolution of our board of directors or the supplemental indenture under which we issue a series of debt securities.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">An event of default for a particular series of debt securities does not necessarily constitute an event of default for any other series of debt securities issued under an indenture. If an event of default relating to the payment of interest, principal or any sinking fund installment involving any series of debt securities has occurred and is continuing, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of each affected series may declare the entire principal of all the debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">If an event of default relating to the performance of other covenants occurs and is continuing for a period of 60 days after notice of that event of default, or if any other event of default occurs and is continuing involving all of the series of senior debt securities, then the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of all of the series of senior debt securities may declare the entire principal amount of all of the series of senior debt securities due and payable immediately.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Similarly, if an event of default relating to the performance of other covenants occurs and is continuing for a period of 60 days after notice, or if any other event of default occurs and is continuing involving all of the series of subordinated debt securities, then the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of all of the series of subordinated debt securities may declare the entire principal amount of all of the series of subordinated debt securities due and payable immediately.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">18</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">If, however, the event of default relating to the performance of other covenants or any other event of default that has occurred and is continuing is for less than all of the series of senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities, then, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of each affected series of the senior debt securities or the subordinated debt securities, as the case may be, may declare the entire principal amount of all debt securities of that affected series due and payable immediately. The holders of not less than a majority, or any applicable supermajority, in aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of a series may, after satisfying conditions, rescind and annul any of the above-described declarations and consequences involving the series.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">If an event of default relating to events in bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occurs and is continuing, then the principal amount of all of the debt securities outstanding, and any accrued interest, will automatically become due and payable immediately, without any declaration or other act by the trustee or any holder.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Each indenture imposes limitations on suits brought by holders of debt securities against us. Except for actions for payment of overdue principal or interest, no holder of debt securities of any series may institute any action against us under each indenture unless:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.0%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.2253372347280465%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the holder has previously given to the trustee written notice of default and continuance of that default;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.0%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.2253372347280465%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the affected series have requested that the trustee institute the action;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.0%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.2253372347280465%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the requesting holders have offered the trustee reasonable indemnity for expenses and liabilities that may be incurred by bringing the action;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.0%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.2253372347280465%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the trustee has not instituted the action within 60 days of the request; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.0%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.2253372347280465%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the trustee has not received inconsistent direction by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the series.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We will be required to file annually with the trustee a certificate, signed by an officer of our company, stating whether or not the officer knows of any default by us in the performance, observance or fulfillment of any condition or covenant of an indenture.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Discharge, Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We can discharge or defease our obligations under the indentures as stated below or as provided in the prospectus supplement.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may discharge obligations to holders of any series of debt securities that have not already been delivered to the trustee for cancellation and that have either become due and payable or are by their terms to become due and payable, or are scheduled for redemption, within one year. We may effect a discharge by irrevocably depositing with the trustee cash or United States government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be enough to pay when due, whether at maturity, upon redemption or otherwise, the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on the debt securities and any mandatory sinking fund payments.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">19</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Unless otherwise provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may also discharge any and all of our obligations to holders of any series of debt securities at any time, which we refer to as &#x201c;defeasance.&#x201d; We may also be released from the obligations imposed by any covenants of any outstanding series of debt securities and provisions of the indentures, and we may omit to comply with those covenants without creating an event of default under the trust declaration, which we refer to as &#x201c;covenant defeasance.&#x201d; We may effect defeasance and covenant defeasance only if, among other things:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">we irrevocably deposit with the trustee cash or United States government obligations, as trust funds, in an amount certified to be enough to pay at maturity, or upon redemption, the principal, premium, if any, and interest on all outstanding debt securities of the series;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">we deliver to the trustee an opinion of counsel from a nationally recognized law firm to the effect that (i) in the case of covenant defeasance, the holders of the series of debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance, and will be subject to tax in the same manner and at the same times as if no covenant defeasance had occurred and (ii) in the case of defeasance, either we have received from, or there has been published by, the Internal Revenue Service a ruling or there has been a change in applicable United States federal income tax law, and based on that ruling or change, the holders of the series of debt securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes as a result of the defeasance and will be subject to tax in the same manner as if no defeasance had occurred; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">in the case of subordinated debt securities, no event or condition will exist that, based on the subordination provisions applicable to the series, would prevent us from making payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any of the applicable subordinated debt securities at the date of the irrevocable deposit referred to above or at any time during the period ending on the 91st day after the deposit date.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Although we may discharge or decrease our obligations under the indentures as described in the two preceding paragraphs, we may not avoid, among other things, our duty to register the transfer or exchange of any series of debt securities, to replace any temporary, mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen series of debt securities or to maintain an office or agency in respect of any series of debt securities.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Modification of the Indenture</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Except as provided in the prospectus supplement, each indenture provides that we and the trustee may enter into supplemental indentures without the consent of the holders of debt securities to:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">secure any debt securities;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.537%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">evidence the assumption by a successor corporation of our obligations and the conversion of any debt securities into the capital stock of that successor corporation, if the terms of those debt securities so provide;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">add covenants for the protection of the holders of debt securities;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">cure any ambiguity or correct any inconsistency in the indenture;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">establish the forms or terms of debt securities of any series; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.5pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">20</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Each indenture also provides that we and the trustee may, with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of debt securities of all series of senior debt securities or of subordinated debt securities then outstanding and affected, voting as one class, add any provisions to, or change in any manner, eliminate or modify in any way the provisions of, the indenture or modify in any manner the rights of the holders of the debt securities. We and the trustee may not, however, without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security affected:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">extend the stated maturity of any debt security;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">reduce the principal amount or premium, if any;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">reduce any amount payable on redemption;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">change the currency in which the principal, unless otherwise provided for a series, premium, if any, or interest is payable;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">reduce the amount of the principal of any debt security issued with an original issue discount that is payable upon acceleration or provable in bankruptcy;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on any debt security when due; or</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">reduce the percentage of holders of debt securities of any series whose consent is required for any modification of the indenture for any such series.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Concerning the Trustee</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Each indenture provides that there may be more than one trustee under the indenture, each for one or more series of debt securities. If there are different trustees for different series of debt securities, each trustee will be a trustee of a trust under the indentures separate and apart from the trust administered by any other trustee under the indenture. Except as otherwise indicated in this prospectus or any prospectus supplement, any action permitted to be taken by a trustee may be taken by that trustee only on the one or more series of debt securities for which it is the trustee under the indenture. Any trustee under the indentures may resign or be removed from one or more series of debt securities. All payments of principal of, premium, if any, and interest on, and all registration, transfer, exchange, authentication and delivery of, the debt securities of a series may be effected by the trustee for that series at an office or agency designated by the trustee of that series.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">If the trustee becomes a creditor of our company, each indenture places limitations on the right of the trustee to obtain payment of claims or to realize on property received in respect of any such claim as security or otherwise. The trustee may engage in other transactions. If it acquires any conflicting interest relating to any duties concerning the debt securities, however, it must eliminate the conflict or resign as trustee.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of any series of debt securities then outstanding will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for exercising any remedy available to the trustee concerning the applicable series of debt securities, so long as the direction:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">would not conflict with any rule of law or with the applicable indenture;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">would not be unduly prejudicial to the rights of another holder of the debt securities; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">would not involve any trustee in personal liability.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Each indenture provides that if an event of default occurs, is not cured and is known to any trustee, the trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would use in the conduct of his or her own affairs in the exercise of the trust&#x2019;s power. The trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under the indenture at the request of any of the holders of the debt securities, unless they have offered to the trustee security and indemnity satisfactory to the trustee.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">21</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:2.587%;text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">No Individual Liability of Incorporators, Stockholders, Officers or Directors</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Each indenture provides that no incorporator and no past, present or future stockholder, officer or director of our company or any successor corporation in those capacities will have any individual liability for any of our obligations, covenants or agreements under the debt securities or such indenture.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Governing Law</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">22</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_desc_warrants"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">General</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may issue warrants for the purchase of our debt securities, preferred stock or common stock, or any combination thereof. Warrants may be issued independently or together with our debt securities, preferred stock, or common stock and may be attached to or separate from any offered securities. Each series of warrants will be issued under a separate warrant agreement to be entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent. The warrant agent will act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants. The warrant agent will not have any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders or beneficial owners of warrants. This summary of certain provisions of the warrants is not complete. For the terms of a particular series of warrants, you should refer to the prospectus supplement for that series of warrants and the warrant agreement for that particular series.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Debt Warrants</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The prospectus supplement relating to a particular issue of warrants to purchase debt securities will describe the terms of the debt warrants, including the following:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the title of the debt warrants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the offering price for the debt warrants, if any;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the aggregate number of the debt warrants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the designation and terms of the debt securities, including any conversion rights, purchasable upon exercise of the debt warrants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">if applicable, the date from and after which the debt warrants and any debt securities issued with them will be separately transferable;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the principal amount of debt securities that may be purchased upon exercise of a debt warrant and the exercise price for the warrants, which may be payable in cash, securities or other property;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the dates on which the right to exercise the debt warrants will commence and expire;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the debt warrants that may be exercised at any one time;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">whether the debt warrants represented by the debt warrant certificates or debt securities that may be issued upon exercise of the debt warrants will be issued in registered or bearer form;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">information with respect to book-entry procedures, if any;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">if applicable, a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax considerations;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the antidilution provisions of the debt warrants, if any;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the debt warrants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any provisions with respect to the holder&#x2019;s right to require us to repurchase the debt warrants upon a change in control or similar event; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any additional terms of the debt warrants, including procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange, exercise, and settlement of the debt warrants.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Debt warrant certificates will be exchangeable for new debt warrant certificates of different denominations. Debt warrants may be exercised at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the prospectus supplement. Prior to the exercise of their debt warrants, holders of debt warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the debt securities purchasable upon exercise and will not be entitled to payment of principal or any premium, if any, or interest on the debt securities purchasable upon exercise.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">23</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Equity Warrants</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The prospectus supplement relating to a particular series of warrants to purchase our common stock or preferred stock will describe the terms of the warrants, including the following:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the title of the warrants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the offering price for the warrants, if any;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the aggregate number of warrants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the designation and terms of the common stock or preferred stock that may be purchased upon exercise of the warrants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each security;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">if applicable, the date from and after which the warrants and any securities issued with the warrants will be separately transferable;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock that may be purchased upon exercise of a warrant and the exercise price for the warrants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants shall commence and expire;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">if applicable, the minimum or maximum amount of the warrants that may be exercised at any one time;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the currency or currency units in which the offering price, if any, and the exercise price are payable;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">if applicable, a discussion of material U.S. federal income tax considerations;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the antidilution provisions of the warrants, if any;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the redemption or call provisions, if any, applicable to the warrants;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any provisions with respect to a holder&#x2019;s right to require us to repurchase the warrants upon a change in control or similar event; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any additional terms of the warrants, including procedures, and limitations relating to the exchange, exercise, and settlement of the warrants.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Holders of equity warrants will not be entitled:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">to vote, consent, or receive dividends;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">receive notice as stockholders with respect to any meeting of stockholders for the election of our directors, or any other matter; or</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">exercise any rights as stockholders of Achieve.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">24</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_desc_of_sub_rights"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may issue subscription rights to purchase our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities. These subscription rights may be offered independently or together with any other security offered hereby and may or may not be transferable by the stockholder receiving the subscription rights in such offering. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The prospectus supplement relating to any subscription rights we offer, if any, will, to the extent applicable, include specific terms relating to the offering, including some or all of the following:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the price, if any, for the subscription rights;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.537%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the exercise price payable for our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities upon the exercise of the subscription rights;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the number of subscription rights to be issued to each stockholder;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.537%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the number and terms of our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities which may be purchased per each subscription right;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.537%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription rights;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.537%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.537%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities or an over-allotment privilege to the extent the securities are fully subscribed; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:5.333%;text-indent:0.0%;display:flex;margin-top:6.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:2.537%;min-width:4.537%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.792588758490287%;">&#x2022;</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement which may be entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:10.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The description in the applicable prospectus supplement of any subscription rights we offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable subscription rights certificate, which will be filed with the SEC if we offer subscription rights. We urge you to read the applicable subscription rights certificate and any applicable prospectus supplement in their entirety.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">25</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_desc_of_units"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We may issue units consisting of some or all of the securities described above, in any combination, including common stock, preferred stock, warrants and/or debt securities. The terms of these units will be set forth in a prospectus supplement. The description of the terms of these units in the related prospectus supplement will not be complete. You should refer to the applicable form of unit and unit agreement for complete information with respect to these units.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">26</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:0.173%;text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:3.7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_legal_matters"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">LEGAL MATTERS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Fenwick &amp; West LLP, Seattle, Washington, will issue an opinion about certain legal matters with respect to the securities. Any underwriters or agents will be advised about legal matters relating to any offering by their own counsel.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">27</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;" id="i_experts"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">EXPERTS</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">28</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;padding-bottom:1.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;border-bottom:2.25pt double;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:4.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;padding-bottom:1.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.3pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;border-bottom:0.75pt solid;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:7.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><img src="img182096599_2.jpg" alt="img182096599_2.jpg" style="width:105px;height:115px;">&#160;</p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:16.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">3,000,000 Shares</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:16.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:16.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">of</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:16.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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</SEC-DOCUMENT>
