<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001564590-23-003819.txt : 20230316
<SEC-HEADER>0001564590-23-003819.hdr.sgml : 20230316
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230316171200
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001564590-23-003819
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-8
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		5
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230316
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230316
EFFECTIVENESS DATE:		20230316

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000949858
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	IN VITRO & IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES [2835]
		IRS NUMBER:				954343413
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-8
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-270625
		FILM NUMBER:		23739747

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021
		BUSINESS PHONE:		425-686-1500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ONCOGENEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SONUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950825
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-8
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Registration No.&#160;333-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; </p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">FORM S-8 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">UNDER THE </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:24pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) </p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Delaware</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">95-4343413</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">incorporation or organization)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(I.R.S. Employer</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Identification Number)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Vancouver, BC</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">V6E 4H1</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Address of principal executive offices)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Zip Code)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2018 Equity Incentive Plan </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Non-Plan Stock Option Agreements (Inducement Stock Option Awards)</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Full title of the plan) </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:8pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">John Bencich </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chief Executive Officer </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Vancouver, BC V6E 4H1</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Name and address of agent for service) </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(604) 210-2217 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Telephone number, including area code, or agent for service)</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Please send copies of all communications to: </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Alan Smith, Esq. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Amanda Rose, Esq. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chelsea Anderson, Esq.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Fenwick &amp; West LLP </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1191 Second Avenue, Floor 10 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Seattle, WA 98101 </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(206) 389-4510&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;accelerated filer,&#8221; &#8220;smaller reporting company,&#8221; and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. </p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Accelerated&#160;filer</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9744;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9746;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Smaller&#160;reporting&#160;company</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9746;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Emerging&#160;growth&#160;company</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#9744;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.&#160;&#160;<font style="font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;">&#9744;</font> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br /></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;"><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">REGISTRATION OF ADDITIONAL SHARES PURSUANT TO GENERAL INSTRUCTION E </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to General Instruction E of Form S-8, Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Registrant</font>&#8221;) is filing this Registration Statement on Form S-8 (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Registration Statement</font>&#8221;) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Commission</font>&#8221;) to register (a) 894,851 additional shares of common stock under the Registrant&#8217;s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (&#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">EIP</font>&#8221;), pursuant to the provisions of the EIP providing for an automatic increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the EIP on January&#160;1, 2023, (b) 178,970 additional shares of common stock under the Registrant&#8217;s 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (&#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">ESPP</font>&#8221;), pursuant to the provisions of the ESPP providing for an automatic increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the ESPP on January 1, 2023 and (c) 55,000 additional shares of common stock granted by the Registrant to certain employees as a material inducement to their acceptance of employment with the Registrant in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4). This Registration Statement hereby incorporates by reference the contents of the Registrant&#8217;s previous registration statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on March 10, 2022 (Registration No. <a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000156459022009644/achv-s8.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">333-263421</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">) to the extent not superseded hereby.</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br /></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;"><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">PART II </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">INFORMATION REQUIRED IN THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item&#160;3.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Incorporation of Documents by Reference. </p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The following documents filed by the Registrant with the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Exchange Act</font>&#8221;) are incorporated herein by reference: </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(a)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">the Registrant&#8217;s <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000949858/000156459023003800/achv-10k_20221231.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Annual Report on Form 10-K</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> for the fiscal year ended December&#160;31, 2022, filed with the Commission March 16, 2023 pursuant to Section 13 of the Exchange Act;</font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(b)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">all other reports filed pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act since the end of the fiscal year covered by the Registrant&#8217;s Annual Report referred to in (a)&#160;above; and </p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(c)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">the description of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock contained in the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the Commission on September&#160;27, 1995 (paper filing), pursuant to Section&#160;12(b) of the Exchange Act, including any other amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description. </p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">All documents filed by the Registrant pursuant to Section&#160;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act subsequent to the filing of this Registration Statement and prior to the filing of a post-effective amendment which indicates that all securities offered hereby have been sold or which deregisters all securities then remaining unsold, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this Registration Statement and to be a part hereof from the date of filing such documents, except as to specific sections of such documents as set forth therein. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained in any subsequently filed document which also is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0.25pt;width:8%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item&#160;8.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibits. </p></td>
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<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:5.24%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The following exhibits are filed herewith: </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit<br />Number</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="14" valign="bottom"  style="width:42.12%; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Incorporated by Reference</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Filed<br />Herewith</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit Description</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:6.44%; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Form</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:9.96%; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">File No.</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11.04%; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="3" valign="bottom"  style="width:11.72%; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Filing Date</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="3" valign="middle"  style="width:8.06%; border-bottom:solid 1pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:1.82%; border-bottom:solid 1pt transparent;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312513239609/d545668dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5/29/2013</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.2</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312515198684/d930204dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5/22/2015</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.3</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517245915/d436251dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Reverse Stock Split) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8/2/2017</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.4</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517245915/d436251dex32.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Name Change) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.2</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8/2/2017</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.5</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517328118/d487695dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Removal of Cumulative Voting) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">11/1/2017</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.6</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517328118/d487695dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Reverse Stock Split) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5/23/2018</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.7</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517328118/d487695dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Increase in Authorized Shares) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.2</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5/23/2018</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr></table></div>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<div>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100.22%;">
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.8</font></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517328118/d487695dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Certificate of Amendment (Reverse Stock Split) to Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">7/30/2020</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.9</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517003020/d310875dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Sixth Amended and Restated Bylaws</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1/5/2017</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.10</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517003020/d310875dex31.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Amendment (Virtual Meeting) to Sixth Amended and Restated Bylaws</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-Q</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">11/7/2018</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.11</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000091228208001616/ex4_1.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Form of Registrant&#8217;s Common Stock certificate</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-Q</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">000-21243</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4.1</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">11/10/2008</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459018028096/achv-ex51_27.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Opinion of Fenwick &amp; West LLP</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">X</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">23.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459018028096/achv-ex51_27.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Consent of Fenwick &amp; West LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1)</font></a><font style="color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> </font></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">X</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">23.2</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459018028096/achv-ex232_6.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">X</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">24.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459018028096/achv-s8.htm#POWER_ATTORNEY"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Power of Attorney (included on the signature page to this Registration Statement)</font></a><font style="color:#0000FF;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> </font></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:5.94%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">X</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.82%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.1</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459023003800/achv-ex108_499.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">2018 Equity Incentive Plan and forms of award agreements thereunder</font></a><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> </font></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10-K</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.8</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3/16/2023</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.2</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000156459022009644/achv-ex992_51.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Form of Inducement Stock Option Agreement</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.84%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:5.62%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">S-8</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">333-263421</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.2</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3/10/2022</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">99.3</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/949858/000119312517290461/d435757ddef14a.htm#toc435757_17"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan</font></a><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"> </font></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:6.44%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">DEF 14A</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">033-80623</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Appendix B</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">9/21/2017</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:6.86%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">107.1</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:37.38%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="achv-exfilingfees_6.htm"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">Filing Fee Table</font></a></p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:6.44%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:9.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.82%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:10.22%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.54%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.72%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:11%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:1.62%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="bottom"  style="width:0.66%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:2.12%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:5.94%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;X</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:1.82%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:9.5pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item 9.&nbsp;&nbsp;Undertakings.</p>
<div align="left">
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;">
<tr>
<td valign="top" style="width:9.62%;white-space:nowrap">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top" style="width:3.85%;white-space:nowrap">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">A.</font></p></td>
<td valign="top">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;">The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:7.69%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:11.54%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">1)</font><font style="font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this Registration Statement: </font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:11.54%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<div align="left">
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"  style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;">
<tr>
<td valign="top" style="width:21.15%;white-space:nowrap">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top" style="width:1.92%;white-space:nowrap">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">i.</font></p></td>
<td valign="top">
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;">To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; </font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21.15%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">ii.</font><font style="font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the Registration Statement.&nbsp;&nbsp;Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in the volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Registration Fee&#8221; table in the effective Registration Statement;</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:21.15%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:21.15%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">iii.</font><font style="font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information in the Registration Statement;</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:21.15%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;"><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font><font style="text-decoration:underline;">provided</font>, <font style="text-decoration:underline;">however</font>, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (a)(1)(ii) above do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the Registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:11.54%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">2)</font><font style="font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;"><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:11.54%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:11.54%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">3)</font><font style="font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">B.</font><font style="font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the Registrant&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act) that is incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.</font></p>
<p style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:7.69%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.&nbsp;&nbsp;In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered hereby, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;"><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p><a name="_AEIOULastRenderedPageBreakAEIOU1"></a>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">SIGNATURES </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-8 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Vancouver, Province of British Columbia, on this 16<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">th</sup> day of March, 2023. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">By:</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:0.25pt;padding-Right:0.25pt;padding-Top:0.25pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ John Bencich</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">John Bencich</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;text-align:left;font-style:italic;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chief Executive Officer</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="POWER_ATTORNEY"></a><a name="POWER_ATTORNEY"></a>POWER OF ATTORNEY </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS<font style="font-weight:normal;">, that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints John Bencich and Richard Stewart, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement on Form S-8, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully for all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </font></p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Name</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Title</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Date</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ John Bencich</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">John Bencich</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chief Executive Officer and Director</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Jerry Wan</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Jerry Wan</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:44.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Senior Director of Accounting Operations </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Principal Accounting Officer)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Richard Stewart</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Richard Stewart</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Executive Chairman and Director</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:30.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Cindy Jacobs</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Cindy Jacobs</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:44.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chief Medical Officer and Director</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:30.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:44.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:30.78%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:24.4%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Donald R. Joseph</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Donald R. Joseph</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:44.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:30.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:44.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:30.78%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:24.4%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Martin Mattingly</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Martin Mattingly</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:44.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:30.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:44.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:30.78%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top"  style="width:24.4%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Bridget Martell</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Bridget Martell</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:44.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:30.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:44.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:30.78%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
</tr>
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<td valign="top"  style="width:24.4%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Jay M. Moyes</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Jay M. Moyes </p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:44.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
<td valign="bottom"  style="width:0.56%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:30.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:44.8%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td colspan="2" valign="middle"  style="width:30.78%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="width:24.4%;">
<p style="border-bottom:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-bottom:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ Vaughn Himes</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Vaugh Himes </p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:44.24%;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:12pt;;text-indent:-12pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Director</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="width:30.22%;white-space:nowrap;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">EXHIBIT 5.1</font></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:30pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><img src="g2r2wc5fix10000001.jpg" title="" alt="" style="width:624px;height:44px;"></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:12pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Vancouver, BC V6E 4H1</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:7.69%;text-indent:-7.69%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Re: Registration Statement on Form S-8</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_Hlk24377470"></a><a name="_Hlk96104081"></a>As counsel to Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Company</font>&#8221;), we have examined the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Registration Statement</font>&#8221;) to be filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Commission</font>&#8221;) on or about March 16, 2023 in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Securities Act</font>&#8221;), of an aggregate of 1,128,821 shares (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Shares</font><a name="_Hlk24377470"></a>&#8221;) of the Company&#8217;s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Common Stock</font>&#8221;), that consists of (a)&#160;894,851&#160;shares of Common Stock that are subject to issuance by the Company upon the exercise or settlement of awards to be granted under the Company&#8217;s 2018 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended<font style="font-weight:bold;"> </font>(the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">2018</font> <font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Plan</font>&#8221;), (b)&#160;178,970&#160;shares of Common Stock subject to purchase rights to acquire such shares under the Company&#8217;s 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Purchase Plan</font>&#8221;, and together with the 2018 Plan, the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Plans</font><a name="_Hlk96104081"></a>&#8221;), and (c)&#160;55,000&#160;shares of Common Stock issuable under new hire inducement stock option awards granted on June 29, 2022, and January 25, 2023, and March 14, 2023 in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4).</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">As to matters of fact relevant to the opinions rendered herein, we have examined such documents, certificates and other instruments which we have deemed necessary or advisable, including a certificate addressed to us and dated the date hereof executed by the Company. We have not undertaken any independent investigation to verify the accuracy of any such information, representations or warranties or to determine the existence or absence of any fact, and no inference as to our knowledge of the existence or absence of any fact should be drawn from our representation of the Company or the rendering of the opinion set forth below. We have not considered parol evidence in connection with any of the agreements or instruments reviewed by us in connection with this letter. </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In our examination of documents for purposes of this letter, we have assumed, and express no opinion as to, the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures on original documents, the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, that each document is what it purports to be, the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies or facsimile copies, the absence of any termination, modification or waiver of or amendment to any document reviewed by us (other than as has been disclosed to us), the legal competence or capacity of all persons or entities (other than the Company) executing the same and (other than the Company) the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents by each party thereto. We have also assumed the conformity of the documents filed with the Commission via the </p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (&#8220;</font><font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">EDGAR</font><font style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8221;), except for required EDGAR formatting changes, to physical copies submitted for our examination.</font></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The opinions in this letter are limited to the existing General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware now in effect. We express no opinion with respect to any other laws.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Based upon, and subject to, the foregoing, it is our opinion that the Shares, when issued and sold by the Company in accordance with the terms (including, without limitation, payment and authorization provisions) of the applicable Plan, if any, and the applicable form of award agreement, against the Company&#8217;s receipt of payment therefor (in an amount and type of consideration not less than the par value per Share), and duly registered on the books of the transfer agent and registrar for the Shares in the name or on behalf of the holders thereof, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and further consent to all references to us, if any, in the Registration Statement, the prospectuses constituting a part thereof and any amendments thereto. We do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. </p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_Hlk121722328"></a><a name="_Hlk121722328"></a>This opinion is intended solely for your use in connection with issuance and sale of the Shares subject to the Registration Statement and is not to be relied upon for any other purpose. In providing this letter, we are opining only as to the specific legal issues expressly set forth above, and no opinion shall be inferred as to any other matter or matters. This opinion is rendered on, and speaks only as of, the date of this letter first written above, and does not address any potential change in facts or law that may occur after the date of this opinion letter. We assume no obligation to advise you of any fact, circumstance, event or change in the law or the facts that may hereafter be brought to our attention, whether or not such occurrence would affect or modify any of the opinions expressed herein.</p><a name="Closing"></a>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Very truly yours,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;font-style:italic;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="FirmNameInSignature"></a>/s/ Fenwick &amp; West LLP</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:36pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:46.15%;text-indent:0%;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-variant: normal;">Fenwick &amp; West LLP</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;line-height:10pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></body>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.2
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>achv-ex232_8.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-23.2
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-family:Georgia;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_Toc89518905"></a><a name="_Toc93378382"></a><a name="_Toc93378467"></a>Exhibit 23.2</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:24pt;margin-top:24pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Georgia;font-size:10pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="text-decoration:underline;">CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Georgia;font-size:10pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this registration statement on Form S-8 relating to the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan of Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (the Company) of our report dated March 16, 2023 relating to the consolidated financial statements of the Company, which appears in the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:justify;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Georgia;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br />/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-family:Georgia;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chartered Professional Accountants<font style="font-weight:normal;"><br />Vancouver, Canada</font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Georgia;font-size:10pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 16, 2023<font style="font-weight:bold;color:#FF0000;"> </font></p>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>achv-exfilingfees_6.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-FILING FEES
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<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">EXHIBIT 107.1</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;">Calculation of Filing Fee Tables</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Form S-8</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Form Type)</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:6pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Newly Registered Securities</p>
<div>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:121.05%;">
<tr>
<td style="width:11.76%;"></td>
<td style="width:16.09%;"></td>
<td style="width:16.06%;"></td>
<td style="width:16.14%;"></td>
<td style="width:15.96%;"></td>
<td style="width:14.75%;"></td>
<td style="width:16.84%;"></td>
<td style="width:13.44%;"></td>
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<tr>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Security Type</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Security Class Title</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Fee Calculation Rule</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Amount Registered<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(1)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Fee Rate</p></td>
<td valign="middle"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Amount of Registration Fee</p></td>
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<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Equity</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Common stock, $0.001 par value per share</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">&#8212; To be issued under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Rule 457(c) and Rule 457(h)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">894,851<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(2)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$4.48<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(3)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$4,008,933<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(3)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">0.0001102</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$441.79</p></td>
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<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">&#8212; To be issued under the 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Rule 457(c) and Rule 457(h)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">178,970<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(4)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$3.81<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(5)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$681,876<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(5)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">0.0001102</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$75.14</p></td>
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<tr>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212; <font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">To be issued under Inducement Stock Option Awards, dated June 29, 2022</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Rule 457(h)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">15,000<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(6)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$5.07<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(7)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$76,050<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(7)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">0.0001102</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$8.38</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212; <font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">To be issued under an Inducement Stock Option Award, dated January 25, 2023</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Rule 457(h)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">15,000<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(8)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$4.90<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(9)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$73,500<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(9)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">0.0001102</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$8.10</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="bottom"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212; <font style="Background-color:#FFFFFF;">To be issued under an Inducement Stock Option Award, dated March 14, 2023</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Rule 457(h)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">25,000<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(10)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$4.53<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(11)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$113,250<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(11)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">0.0001102</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$12.48</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Total Offering Amounts</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$4,953,609</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$545.89</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Total Fee Offsets<sup style="font-size:85%;line-height:120%;vertical-align:top">(12)</sup></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#8212;</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4" valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Net Fee Due</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:5.4pt;padding-Right:5.4pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt; border-top:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-bottom:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-left:solid 0.75pt #000000; border-right:solid 0.75pt #000000;">
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">$545.89</p></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:5pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<div>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:116.5%;">
<tr>
<td style="width:4.24%;"></td>
<td style="width:112.25%;"></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:36.9pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(1)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to Rule 416(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Securities Act</font>&#8221;), this Registration Statement on Form S-8 shall cover any additional shares of the common stock of Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">Registrant</font>&#8221;) that become issuable in respect of the securities identified in the above table by reason of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization, or other similar transaction effected without the Registrant&#8217;s receipt of consideration which results in an increase in the number of the outstanding shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock. </p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:28.8pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(2)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Represents 894,851 shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock that were automatically added to the shares reserved for issuance under the 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the &#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">EIP</font>&#8221;) on January 1, 2023 resulting from the automatic annual increase pursuant to the provision of the plan in the number of authorized shares reserved and available for issuance under the EIP.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:16.65pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(3)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Estimated pursuant to Rules 457(c) and (h) of the Securities Act, solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee. The proposed maximum offering price per share of $4.48 was computed by averaging the high and low prices of a share of Registrant&#8217;s common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Global Market on March 14, 2023.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:28.8pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(4)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Represents 178,970 shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock that were automatically added to the shares reserved for issuance under the 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (&#8220;<font style="font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;">ESPP</font>&#8221;) on January 1, 2023 resulting from the automatic annual increase pursuant to the provision of the plan in the number of authorized shares reserved and available for issuance under the ESPP.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:28.8pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(5)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Estimated in accordance with Rules 457(c) and 457(h) of the Securities Act solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee. The proposed maximum offering price per share of $3.81 was computed by averaging the high and low prices of a share of Registrant&#8217;s common stock as reported on The Nasdaq Global Market on March 14, 2023, multiplied by 85%, which is the percentage of the trading price per share applicable to purchasers under the ESPP.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:15.85pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(6)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Consists of 15,000 shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock issuable under new hire inducement stock option awards granted on June 29, 2022 in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4).</p></td>
</tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<div>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; width:116.5%;">
<tr>
<td style="width:4.24%;"></td>
<td style="width:112.25%;"></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:15.85pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><font style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(7)</font></p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(h) of the Securities Act. The price per share and aggregate offering price are calculated on the basis of the exercise price of $5.07 per share.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:15.85pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(8)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Consists of 15,000 shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock issuable under a new hire inducement stock option award granted on January 25, 2023 in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:15.85pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(9)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(h) of the Securities Act. The price per share and aggregate offering price are calculated on the basis of the exercise price of $4.90 per share.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:15.85pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(10)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Consists of 25,000 shares of the Registrant&#8217;s common stock issuable under a new hire inducement stock option award granted on March 14, 2023 in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4).</p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:15.85pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(11)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(h) of the Securities Act. The price per share and aggregate offering price are calculated on the basis of the exercise price of $4.53 per share.</p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height:15.85pt;">
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(12)</p></td>
<td valign="top"  style="padding-left:3.25pt;padding-Right:3.25pt;padding-Top:0pt;padding-Bottom:0pt;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Registrant does not have any fee offsets.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:8pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
</tr>
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<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p></body>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
