<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001564590-23-003159.txt : 20230306
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230306060048
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001564590-23-003159
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		13
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230301
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230306
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230306

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000949858
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	IN VITRO & IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES [2835]
		IRS NUMBER:				954343413
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	033-80623
		FILM NUMBER:		23707411

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021
		BUSINESS PHONE:		425-686-1500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ONCOGENEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SONUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950825
</SEC-HEADER>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:4pt;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION </p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Zip Code)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">N/A </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report) </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:Solid 1pt #000000;padding-bottom:1pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form&#160;8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below): </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) </p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule&#160;13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) </p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: </p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_000022" name="dei:TradingSymbol" contextRef="C_0000949858_20230301_20230301">ACHV</ix:nonNumeric></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The <ix:nonNumeric id="F_000023" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" contextRef="C_0000949858_20230301_20230301">NASDAQ</ix:nonNumeric> Capital Market</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule&#160;405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter). </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Emerging growth company&#160;&#160;<span style="font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_000005" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" contextRef="C_0000949858_20230301_20230301" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox">&#9744;</ix:nonNumeric></span> </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:6pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;<span style="font-family:Segoe UI Symbol;">&#9744;</span> </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:4pt;line-height:1pt;border-top:Solid 0.75pt #000000;padding-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:1pt;line-height:1pt;border-top:Solid 1pt;padding-top:1pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;color:#212529;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item 1.01<span style="color:#000000;"> Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">On March 1, 2023, Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into a Cooperation Agreement (the &#8220;Cooperation Agreement&#8221;) with Dialectic Capital Management, LP (&#8220;Dialectic&#8221;) and related entities (collectively with Dialectic, the &#8220;Stockholders&#8221;) regarding certain changes to the composition of the Company&#8217;s board of directors (the &#8220;Board&#8221;) and other related matters.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to the terms of the Cooperation Agreement: (1) the Company shall, no later than March 21, 2023, appoint three individuals (the &#8220;Designees&#8221;) to the Board to fill three vacancies created by either (x) the departure of an incumbent member of the Board as designated in the Cooperation Agreement&#160;&#160;(the &#8220;Incumbent Directors&#8221;) or (y) expanding the Board size to up to 11 directors&#59; (2) the Board shall nominate the Designees for election at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Company&#8217;s stockholders (the &#8220;2023 Annual Meeting&#8221;)&#59; (3) the Board shall appoint at least one of the Designees to each of the committees of the Board, other than the Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls Committee, as well as any new committee(s) formed prior to the Expiration Date (as defined in the Cooperation Agreement)&#59; and (4) the Company shall set the Board size at eight directors no later than the date of the 2023 Annual Meeting (the &#8220;Incumbent Director Resignation Date&#8221;) and, in the event there are more than eight directors serving on the Board as of the Incumbent Director Resignation Date, one or all of the Incumbent Directors, as applicable, shall submit his resignation to be effective no later than the Incumbent Director Resignation Date&#59; provided, that in the event the resignation of any Incumbent Director as of Incumbent Director Resignation Date would cause any violation of the applicable listing rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC, the parties agree that such resignation shall not be effective until such time as would ensure compliance with such listing rules and the parties shall work in good faith to document and approve such necessary modification(s) to the Incumbent Director Resignation Date.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Cooperation Agreement further provides that if, at any time prior to the Expiration Date, any Designee (or any Replacement Designee (as defined below)) is unable or unwilling to serve and ceases to be a director, resigns as a director or is removed as a director, or for any other reason fails to serve or is not serving as a director, the Company and Dialectic shall work in good faith to promptly mutually agree upon a replacement candidate for appointment to the Board in substantially the same manner as the Company and Dialectic agreed upon the selection of such Designee (any such replacement nominee, when appointed to the Board, shall be referred to as a &#8220;Replacement Designee&#8221;). </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The Cooperation Agreement includes certain voting commitments, standstill, and mutual non-disparagement provisions (subject to certain carveouts and exceptions) that generally remain in place during the period beginning upon the execution and delivery of the Cooperation Agreement and ending on the earlier of (i) the date that is fifteen (15) business days prior to the notice deadline under the Company&#8217;s Sixth Amended and Restated Bylaws (and all amendments thereto) for stockholders to submit non-proxy access stockholder nominations of director candidates for election to the Board (the &#8220;Nomination Notice Deadline&#8221;) at the 2024 Annual Meeting of the Company&#8217;s stockholders (the &#8220;2024 Annual Meeting&#8221;), (ii) the date the Stockholders, in the aggregate, cease to own at least 10% (on a non-converted basis) of the Company&#8217;s issued and outstanding common stock, (iii) any material breach of the Cooperation Agreement by any Stockholder or (iv) the last resignation of all three of the Designees&#59; <span style="font-style:italic;">provided</span> that notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Cooperation Agreement, if (A) the Company confirms in writing that it will re-nominate the Designees for election as directors at the 2024 Annual Meeting or the 2025 Annual Meeting of the Company&#8217;s stockholders, as applicable (and that it will take such further actions as required by the Cooperation Agreement with respect to the Designees with respect to such annual meeting)&#59; (B) the Designees consent to such re-nomination(s)&#59; and (C) the Stockholders agree to the extension of the </p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Expiration Date, then prong (</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">i</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">) shall be deemed to be automatically extended each such time until the date that is fifteen (15) business days prior to the applicable Nomination Notice Deadline(s) applicable to each such subsequent annual meeting of stockholders of the Company at which the Company has confirmed it will re-nominate the Designees.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:16pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">The foregoing description of the Cooperation Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Cooperation Agreement filed as Exhibit 10.1 hereto.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:4.54%;font-family:Times New Roman;">&#160;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:10pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Item 9.01&#160;&#160;Financial Statements and Exhibits</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:3.33%;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">(d) <span style="margin-left:36pt;">Exhibits</span></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Description</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10.1</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a href="achv-ex991_6.htm"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Cooperation Agreement, dated March 1, 2023, by and among Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., Dialectic Capital Management, LP and the other parties set forth on the signature pages thereto</span></a></p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">104</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-right:6.67%;text-indent:0%;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&#160;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-right:6.67%;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-size:11pt;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">SIGNATURES</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.</p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;line-height:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;">&#160;</p></td>
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<p style="line-height:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:justify;line-height:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;">&#160;</p>
<p style="line-height:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Date: March 6, 2023</p></td>
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<p style="line-height:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;">&#160;</p>
<p style="line-height:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">/s/ John Bencich</p></td>
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<p style="line-height:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;letter-spacing:-0.15pt;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">John Bencich</p>
<p style="line-height:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:0pt;;text-indent:0pt;;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive and Financial Officer)</p></td>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit 10.1</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Vancouver, BC V6E 4H1</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">March 1, 2023</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Dialectic Capital Management, LP</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">119 Rowayton Avenue, 2nd&#160;Floor</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Norwalk, Connecticut 06853</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Ladies and Gentlemen: </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">In exchange for good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Company</font>&#8221;), and each of Dialectic Capital Management, LP (&#8220;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Dialectic</font>&#8221;), Dialectic Partners, LLC, Dialectic Life Sciences SPV LLC, Dialectic LS Manager LLC and John Fichthorn, in his individual capacity (each, individually, a &#8220;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Stockholder</font>&#8221; and, collectively, the &#8220;<font style="text-decoration:underline;">Stockholders</font>&#8221;), agree as follows: </p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">Board Appointments.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">a.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">The Company agrees that the Nominating and Governance Committee (or a duly constituted subcommittee thereof) (the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Nominating Committee</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;) of the Board of Directors of the Company (the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Board</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;) shall recommend for appointment and the Board agrees to appoint the three individuals identified on </font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Exhibit A</font><font style="color:#000000;"> (collectively, the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Designees</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;), in accordance with this Section 1, each such individual to serve as director of the Board in accordance with this Section 1, unless such individual is or subsequently becomes (or would trigger the Company becoming) a &#8220;bad actor&#8221; within the meaning of Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Securities Act</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;), or is subject to an event or occurrence described in Item&#160;401(f) of Regulation&#160;S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Exchange Act</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;) or has otherwise committed, been indicted or charged with, or made a plea of nolo contendere to a felony or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, deceit, dishonesty or fraud.&nbsp;&nbsp;For the avoidance of doubt, other than the Designees, the nomination of any other individual for election to the Board remains at the sole discretion of the Board and the Nominating Committee.&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><a name="_Hlk127453974"></a><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">b.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">Each of the Designees shall initially be recommended by the Nominating Committee and appointed by the Board to fill three vacancies on the Board effective no later than March 21, 2023 and shall be nominated by the Board for election at the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Company&#8217;s stockholders (the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">2023 Annual Meeting</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;).&nbsp;&nbsp;The vacancies the Designees will be appointed to fill shall be created by either (x) the departure of an incumbent member of the Board (who shall be one of the incumbent directors identified on </font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Exhibit A</font><font style="color:#000000;"> (collectively, the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Incumbent Directors</font><font style="color:#000000;"><a name="_Hlk127453974"></a>&#8221;)) or (y) expanding the Board size to up to 11 directors, subject to the terms of Section 1(f) below.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Designees shall provide consent to be nominated and shall be nominated by the Board for election to the Board, subject to compliance with the Company&#8217;s customary requirements for all directors.  At the 2023 Annual Meeting and at each annual or special meeting of the Company&#8217;s stockholders until the Expiration Date, the Company shall: (i) nominate the Designees for election to the Board, (ii) recommend that stockholders vote in favor of the election of each such Designee and (iii) support each such Designee for election to the Board in a manner no less favorable than how the Company supports other Board-nominated nominees for election to the Board.&nbsp;&nbsp;For the avoidance of doubt, if this Letter Agreement has terminated pursuant to Section 4(a), the Board&#8217;s obligations pursuant to this Section 1(b) shall also terminate.&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">c.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">As a condition to the appointment of the Designees to the Board, the Stockholders acknowledge that the Designees will be required to provide such information the Company reasonably requires from all directors and nominees to the Board, including information required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing under applicable law, stock exchange rules or listing standards, information in connection with assessing eligibility, independence and other criteria applicable to directors or satisfying compliance and legal obligations, and will consent to appropriate background checks.&nbsp;&nbsp;If, and subject to the terms of Section 1(h), following the completion of </font></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1</a></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="color:#000000;">the Company&#8217;s review process, the Board learns that a Designee is (or has or would trigger the Company becoming) a &#8220;bad actor&#8221; within the meaning of Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, is subject to an event or occurrence described in Item&#160;401(f) of Regulation&#160;S-K under the Exchange Act or has otherwise committed, been indicted or charged with, or made a plea of nolo contendere to a felony or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, deceit, dishonesty or fraud, then, consistent with its treatment of all other directors on the Board, the Board may request that such Designee submit his or her resignation. </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">d.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">The Stockholders acknowledge that any Designee that serves as a director will agree to be bound by the Company&#8217;s insider trading policy and other applicable corporate governance policies governing the obligations of directors and executive officers of the Company, and that at all times while serving as a member of the Board, the Designees shall comply with all policies, procedures, processes, codes, rules, standards and legally permissible guidelines applicable to all of the Company&#8217;s directors. In addition, as a condition to being appointed to the Board, each Designee will execute an agreement whereby such Designee will automatically (and without the need for further action) resign from the Board as set forth in Section 1(c) or Section 4(a). </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">e.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">In the event the appointment of any Designee to the Board or a committee of the Board would cause any violation of the applicable listing rules of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (&#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Nasdaq</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;), the terms upon which such Designee shall be appointed to the Board or a committee of the Board shall be amended by the parties solely as necessary to ensure compliance with such listing rules and the parties shall work in good faith to document and approve such necessary modification(s).</font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">f.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">The Company agrees that the size of the Board shall be set at eight directors no later than the date of the 2023 Annual Meeting (the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Incumbent Director Resignation Date</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;). In the event there are more than eight directors serving on the Board as of the Incumbent Director Resignation Date, one or all of the Incumbent Directors, as applicable, shall submit his resignation to be effective no later than the Incumbent Director Resignation Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event the resignation of any Incumbent Director as of the Incumbent Director Resignation Date would cause any violation of the applicable listing rules of Nasdaq, the parties agree that such resignation shall not be effective until such time as would ensure compliance with such listing rules and the parties shall work in good faith to document and approve such necessary modification(s) to the Incumbent Director Resignation Date. </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">g.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">Subject to the appointments and elections described under this Letter Agreement, the rules of any stock exchange on which the Company is traded and applicable law, the Designees (and any Replacement Designee) shall be eligible for membership on all current committees, other than the Chemistry, Manufacturing &amp; Controls Committee (&#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">CMC Committee</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;), and any new committee(s) of the Board formed after the date of this Letter Agreement. The Board will consider each of the Designees for appointment on any and all committees of the Board in a manner similar to other Board-nominated nominees for election to the Board. Upon their appointment or election to the Board, as applicable, until the expiration of the Expiration Date at least one (1) of the Designees shall be appointed to each of the Board&#8217;s current committees, other than the CMC Committee, as well as any new committee(s) formed prior to the Expiration Date.</font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">h.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">If, at any time prior to the Expiration Date, any Designee (or any Replacement Designee) is unable or unwilling to serve as a director and ceases to be a director, resigns as a director or is removed as a director, or for any other reason fails to serve or is not serving as a director, the Company and Dialectic shall work in good faith to promptly mutually agree upon a replacement candidate for appointment to the Board in substantially the same manner as the Company and Dialectic agreed upon the selection of such Designee (any such replacement nominee, when appointed to the Board, shall be referred to as a &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Replacement Designee</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;), and once agreed upon by the Company and Dialectic, the Board and all applicable committees of the Board shall take all necessary actions to promptly appoint the Replacement Designee to the Board, subject to the review and conditions of this Section 1. Subject to the rules of any stock exchange on which the Company is traded and applicable law, upon a Replacement Designee&#8217;s appointment to the Board, the Board and all applicable committees of the Board shall take all necessary actions to appoint such Replacement Designee to an applicable committee of the Board and reconstitute committees of the Board, if needed, such that at least one member of each committee of the Board, other than the CMC Committee, is a Designee or Replacement Designee.</font></p>
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<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">2</a></p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">a.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">At each annual or special meeting of stockholders held after the date of this Letter Agreement but prior to the Expiration Date, each Stockholder agrees to appear in person or by proxy and vote all shares of the Company&#8217;s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;), beneficially owned by such Stockholder in favor of in favor of each of the directors nominated and recommended by the Board in the election of directors and against any proposals to remove any such members of the Board and (ii) against any nominees to serve on the Board that have not been recommended by the Board.</font></p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">3.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">a.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">For purposes of this Letter Agreement:</font></p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">i.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">&#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">Representatives</font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">&#8221; shall mean each Stockholder&#8217;s officers, directors, employees, accountants, counsel, investment banks, consultants, general partners, managing members, members, agents, special purpose vehicles or other entities it formed or facilitated the formation of, and other representatives;</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">ii.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">&#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">Extraordinary Transaction</font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">&#8221; shall mean any of the following involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries or its or their securities or a material amount of assets or businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries: any tender offer or exchange offer, merger, acquisition, business combination, reorganization, restructuring, recapitalization, sale or acquisition of material assets, liquidation or dissolution; and</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">iii.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">&#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">Expiration Date</font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">&#8221; shall mean the date this Letter Agreement terminates in accordance with Section 4(a) of this Letter Agreement.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">b.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">Each Stockholder hereby represents and warrants that, except as expressly contemplated by this Letter Agreement, neither it nor any of its Representatives or affiliates, has entered into, directly or indirectly, any agreements or understandings with any person with respect to any Extraordinary Transaction. </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">c.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">From the date of this Letter Agreement until the Expiration Date, unless expressly invited in advance by the Board or any authorized committee thereof, each Stockholder agrees that it shall not, and that it shall cause each of its Representatives and affiliates not to (and neither the Stockholders, nor any of their Representatives or affiliates will assist or form a group within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act, act in concert or participate with or encourage other persons to), directly or indirectly: </font></p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">i.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">engage in, assist in or participate in any other way, directly or indirectly, any solicitation or become a &#8220;participant&#8221; in a &#8220;solicitation&#8221; (as such terms are defined in Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act) of proxies or consents (including any solicitation of consents that seeks to call a special meeting of stockholders of the Company), in each case with respect to any securities of the Company; </font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">ii.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">form, join, or in any way participate in any &#8220;group&#8221; (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) with respect to shares of Common Stock (other than a &#8220;group&#8221; that includes all or some of the members of the Stockholders, but does not include any other entities or persons that are not members of Dialectic or the Stockholders as of the date hereof); provided, however, that nothing herein shall limit the ability of an affiliate of Dialectic to join the &#8220;group&#8221; following the execution of this Letter Agreement so long as any such affiliate agrees in writing to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Letter Agreement;</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">iii.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">deposit any shares of Common Stock in any voting trust or subject any shares of Common Stock to any arrangement or agreement with respect to the voting of any shares of Common Stock, other than any such voting trust, arrangement or agreement solely among the members of Dialectic and the Stockholders and otherwise in accordance with this Agreement; </font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:7.69%;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">3</a></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">iv.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">seek or submit, or knowingly encourage any person or entity to seek or submit, nomination(s) in furtherance of a &#8220;contested solicitation&#8221; for the appointment, election or removal of directors with respect to the Company or seek, or knowingly encourage or take any other action with respect to the appointment, election or removal of any directors, in each case in opposition to the recommendation of the Board; provided, however, that nothing in this Letter Agreement shall prevent the Stockholders or their affiliates or associates from taking actions in furtherance of identifying director candidates in connection with an annual meeting occurring after the Expiration Date of this Letter Agreement so long as such actions do not create a public disclosure obligation for Dialectic, the Stockholders or the Company, and are not publicly disclosed by Dialectic, the Stockholders or their representatives, affiliates or associates;</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">v.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">(A) make any, or publicly announce or otherwise disclose an intent to make any, proposal for consideration by stockholders at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, (B) make any offer or proposal (with or without conditions) with respect to, or publicly announce or otherwise disclose an intent to propose or enter into or agree to enter into, any merger, takeover offer, tender (or exchange) offer, acquisition, recapitalization, restructuring, disposition or other business combination involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (C) affirmatively solicit a third party to make an offer or proposal (with or without conditions) with respect to any merger, takeover offer, tender (or exchange) offer, acquisition, recapitalization, restructuring, disposition or other business combination involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or publicly encourage, initiate or support any third party in making such an offer or proposal, (D) publicly comment on any third party proposal regarding any merger, takeover offer, tender (or exchange) offer, acquisition, recapitalization, restructuring, disposition, or other business combination involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries by such third party (provided that this clause (D) shall not prevent such public comment after such proposal has become generally known to the public other than as a result of a disclosure by Dialectic) or (E) call or seek to call a special meeting of stockholders, or initiate or seek to initiate any stockholder action by written consent;</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">vi.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">seek, alone or in concert with others, representation on the Board, except as specifically permitted in Section 1, or seek the removal of any director from the Board, except as provided for in Section 1; </font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:7.69%;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">vii.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">advise, knowingly encourage, knowingly support or knowingly influence any person or entity with respect to the voting or disposition of any securities of the Company at any annual or special meeting of stockholders, except as specifically provided in Section 1; or</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:7.69%;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">viii.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">make any request or submit any proposal to amend, waive, or terminate any of the terms of this Letter Agreement other than through non-public communications with the Company or the Board that would not be reasonably determined to trigger public disclosure obligations for any party to this Letter Agreement.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">d.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, nothing in this Section 3 shall be deemed to prevent a Designee who is then serving as a director on the Board from faithfully discharging his or her fiduciary duties to the Company. </font></p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">4.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">Termination.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">a.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">Notwithstanding anything in this Letter Agreement to the contrary, this Letter Agreement shall terminate upon the earliest to occur of any of the following: (i) the date that is fifteen (15) business days prior to the notice deadline under the Company&#8217;s Sixth Amended and Restated Bylaws (and all amendments thereto) for stockholders to submit non-proxy access stockholder nominations of director candidates for election to the Board (a &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">Nomination Notice Deadline</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;) at the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders (the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">2024 Annual Meeting</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;), (ii) the Stockholders, in the aggregate, ceasing to own at least 10% (on a non-converted basis) of the Company&#8217;s issued and </font></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">4</a></p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="color:#000000;">outstanding Common Stock, or (iii) any material breach of this Letter Agreement by any Stockholder or (v) upon the last resignation of all three of the Designees; </font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;"> that notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, if (A) the Company confirms in writing that it will re-nominate the Designees for election as directors at the 2024 Annual Meeting or the 2025 annual meeting of stockholders (the &#8220;</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">2025 Annual Meeting</font><font style="color:#000000;">&#8221;), as applicable (and that it will take the actions set forth in Section 1 with respect to the Designees with respect to such annual meeting); (B) the Designees consent to such re-nomination(s); and (C) the Stockholders agree to the extension of the Expiration Date, then prong (i) in this definition of the Expiration Date shall be deemed to be automatically extended each such time until the date that is fifteen (15) business days prior to the applicable Nomination Notice Deadline(s) applicable to each such subsequent annual meeting of stockholders of the Company at which the Company has confirmed it will re-nominate the Designees.&nbsp;&nbsp;In each case as used in this Letter Agreement, &#8220;beneficial ownership&#8221; and similar terms shall have the meaning set forth in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5(b)(l) promulgated under the Exchange Act; </font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;">, </font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;">, that for the avoidance of doubt, the ownership of the Stockholders shall be aggregated for purposes of determining beneficial ownership pursuant to this Letter Agreement.&nbsp;&nbsp;The parties agree that upon a termination of this Letter Agreement pursuant to this Section 4(a), if requested by the Board, each Designee will automatically (and without the need for further action) resign from the Board.</font></p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">5.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;"> Non-disparagement.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">a.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">Each party hereto agrees that, from the date of this Letter Agreement until the Expiration Date, neither it nor any of its affiliates or Representatives under its control will, and it will cause each of its affiliates and Representatives under its control not to, publicly disparage or publicly criticize the other party, its business, technology, products or services or any current or former directors, officers or employees. </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">b.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 5 or elsewhere in this Letter Agreement shall prohibit any party from making any statement or disclosure required under the federal securities laws or other applicable laws; </font><font style="text-decoration:underline;color:#000000;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;">, that such party, to the extent legally permitted, must provide written notice to the other parties a reasonable time prior to making any such statement or disclosure required under the federal securities laws or other applicable laws that would otherwise be prohibited under the provisions of this Section 5, and reasonably consider any comments of such other parties which are timely delivered. </font></p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">6.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Notices.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">a.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">Any notices, consents, determinations, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Letter Agreement must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i) upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii) upon receipt, when sent by electronic mail (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party); or (iii) one (1) business day after deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses and facsimile numbers for such communications shall be: </font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">To the Company: </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">22722 29th Dr. SE, Suite 100<br />Bothell, WA 98021</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Attention: Chief Executive Officer</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Tel: [__]</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Email: [__] </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">With a copy to: </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Fenwick &amp; West LLP </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">1191 Second Avenue, 10th Floor </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Seattle, Washington 98101 </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Attention: Amanda Rose </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Tel: (206) 389-4510</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">5</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:23.08%;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Email: arose@fenwick.com </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">To the Stockholder: </p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Dialectic Capital Management, LP</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">119 Rowayton Avenue, 2nd&#160;Floor</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Norwalk, Connecticut 06853</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Attention: John Fichthorn, Managing Member</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Tel: [__]</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Email: [__]</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">With a copy to:</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Olshan Frome Wolosky LLP</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_DV_M150"></a><a name="_DV_M152"></a>1325 Avenue of the Americas</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">New York, NY 10019</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Attention: Andrew M. Freedman, Esq.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Tel: (212) 451-2300</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Fax No.: (212) 451-2222</p>
<p style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-left:15.38%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><a name="_DV_M153"></a>E-mail: afreedman@olshanlaw.com </p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">7.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><a name="_DV_M154"></a><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">No Concession or Admission of Liability.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;">This Letter Agreement is being entered into for the purpose of avoiding litigation, uncertainty, controversy and legal expense, constitutes a compromise and settlement entered into by each party hereto, and shall not in any event constitute, be construed or deemed a concession or admission of any liability or wrongdoing of any of the parties.</p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">8.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;color:#000000;">Expenses.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;">The Company shall reimburse Dialectic for its reasonable, documented out-of-pocket fees and expenses (including legal expenses) incurred in connection with the negotiation and execution of this Letter Agreement; provided, however, that such reimbursement shall not exceed $35,000 in the aggregate.</p>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none;Background-color:#auto;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;">9.</font></p></td>
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<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;"></font><font style="color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;">Miscellaneous.</font></p></td></tr></table></div>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">a.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">This Letter Agreement may not be amended, supplemented or modified except in writing, duly executed by all of the parties. </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">b.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">No later than two (2) business days following the execution of this Letter Agreement, (i) the Stockholders shall file with the SEC an amendment to the Schedule 13D in compliance with Section 13 of the Exchange Act, reporting their entry into this Letter Agreement, disclosing applicable items to conform to its obligations hereunder and appending this Letter Agreement as an exhibit thereto and (ii) the Company shall file with the SEC a Current Report on Form 8-K, reporting its entry into this Letter Agreement and appending this Letter Agreement. Each party shall provide the other and its respective Representatives with a reasonable opportunity to review such filings prior to it being filed with the SEC and consider in good faith any comments of the other party and its Representatives. </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">c.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Letter Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Letter Agreement shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that the parties would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such which may be hereafter declared invalid, void or unenforceable. In addition, the parties agree to use their reasonable best efforts to agree </font></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">6</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
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<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="color:#000000;">upon and substitute a valid and enforceable term, provision, </font><font style="color:#000000;">covenant</font><font style="color:#000000;"> or restriction for any of such that is held invalid, void or enforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction. </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">d.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">This Letter Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. Each of the parties represents that it has been advised by counsel in connection with its review, execution and delivery of this Letter Agreement. </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">e.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">This Letter Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal substantive laws of the State of Delaware. </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">f.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">This Letter Agreement may be executed in more than one counterpart. Each such counterpart shall be deemed an original and all counterparts, taken together, shall constitute one and the same instrument. Signatures to this Letter Agreement transmitted by facsimile transmission, by electronic mail in &#8220;portable document format&#8221; (&#8220;.pdf&#8221;) form, or by any other electronic means intended to preserve the original graphic and pictorial appearance of a document, shall have the same effect as physical delivery of the paper document bearing the original signature. </font></p>
<p style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:7.69%;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;color:#auto;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;letter-spacing:0pt;"><font style="Background-color:#auto;text-decoration:none;">g.</font><font style="font-family:Cambria;font-size:12pt;margin-left:36pt;color:#000000;"></font><font style="color:#000000;">Neither this Letter Agreement nor any rights or obligations hereunder shall be assigned or delegated by any party without the prior written consent of the other party.</font></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">[<font style="font-style:italic;">Signature Page to Follow</font>]</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">7</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Letter Agreement to be executed in multiple originals by their authorized officers, all as of the date and year first written above. </p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">By: <font style="text-decoration:underline;">/s/ John Bencich</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;margin-left:36pt;"></font><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Name: John Bencich<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Title: Chief Executive Officer<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">8</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Letter Agreement to be executed in multiple originals by their authorized officers, all as of the date and year first written above. </p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">By: <font style="text-decoration:underline;">/s/ John Fichthorn</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;margin-left:36pt;"></font><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Name: John Fichthorn<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">DIALECTIC CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, LP<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">DIALECTIC PARTNERS, LLC<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">DIALECTIC LIFE SCIENCES SPV LLC<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">DIALECTIC LS MANAGER LLC<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;text-indent:7.69%;"><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">By: <font style="text-decoration:underline;">/s/ John Fichthorn</font><font style="text-decoration:underline;margin-left:36pt;"></font><font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:right;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Name: John Fichthorn<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-left:38.46%;text-indent:7.69%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Title: Authorized Signatory<font style="margin-left:36pt;"></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;"><br /></p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">9</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<hr style="page-break-after:always;width:100%;">
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">Exhibit A</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:11pt;">&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:12pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;font-variant: normal;">10</a></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0pt;margin-top:0pt;text-indent:0%;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:12pt;">&nbsp;</p></body>
</html>
</TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>achv-20230301.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!-- DFIN ActiveDisclosure(SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date      : 2023-03-02T18:29:40.6580661+00:00 -->
<!-- Version            : 5.0.1.780 -->
<!-- Package ID         : 47c8c4b0b540408e8f91923ebee0338d -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<xsd:schema xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2022" xmlns:stpr="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2022" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2022" xmlns:sic="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2022" xmlns:achv="http://achievelifesciences.com/20230301" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" xmlns:enum2="http://xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" xmlns:naics="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2022" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:country="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:currency="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022" xmlns:exch="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2022" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://achievelifesciences.com/20230301" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
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  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022/currency-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/currency/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2022/exch-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/exch/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/arcrole/factExplanatory-2009-12-16.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/arcrole/fact-explanatoryFact" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negated" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/net" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2022/naics-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2022/sic-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/sic/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-roles-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-roles/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-types-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2022/stpr-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/stpr/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-roles-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/us-roles/2022" />
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-types-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2022" />
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      <link:roleType id="TemplateLink" roleURI="http://achievelifesciences.com/20230301/role/TemplateLink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase">
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        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="achv-20230301_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Label Links, all" xlink:type="simple" />
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        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
</xsd:schema>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>achv-20230301_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="yes"?>
<!-- DFIN ActiveDisclosure(SM) XBRL Linkbase Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date      : 2023-03-02T18:29:40.6580661+00:00 -->
<!-- Version            : 5.0.1.780 -->
<!-- Package ID         : 47c8c4b0b540408e8f91923ebee0338d -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedLabel" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" xlink:type="simple" />
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  <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address Address Line1</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address Address Line2</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address City Or Town</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address State Or Province</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address Country</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security12b Title</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
  </link:labelLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>achv-20230301_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="yes"?>
<!-- DFIN ActiveDisclosure(SM) XBRL Linkbase Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date      : 2023-03-02T18:29:40.6580661+00:00 -->
<!-- Version            : 5.0.1.780 -->
<!-- Package ID         : 47c8c4b0b540408e8f91923ebee0338d -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://achievelifesciences.com/20230301/role/TemplateLink" xlink:href="achv-20230301.xsd#TemplateLink" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://achievelifesciences.com/20230301/taxonomy/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:href="achv-20230301.xsd#Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="simple" />
  <link:presentationLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://achievelifesciences.com/20230301/taxonomy/role/DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType" order="10010.00" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" order="10030.00" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" order="10050.00" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName" order="10070.00" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" order="10090.00" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel" />
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<span style="display: none;">v3.22.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139918574897568">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Mar. 01, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Mar.  01,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000949858<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">033-80623<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">95-4343413<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">1040 West Georgia<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 1030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Vancouver<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">BC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">V6E 4H1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">604<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">210-2217<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">ACHV<span></span>
</td>
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<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
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<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
