<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000950170-23-024074.txt : 20230525
<SEC-HEADER>0000950170-23-024074.hdr.sgml : 20230525
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230525090619
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000950170-23-024074
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		18
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230525
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230525
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230525

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000949858
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	IN VITRO & IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES [2835]
		IRS NUMBER:				954343413
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	033-80623
		FILM NUMBER:		23956647

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021
		BUSINESS PHONE:		425-686-1500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ONCOGENEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SONUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950825
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>achv-20230525.htm
<DESCRIPTION>8-K
<TEXT>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:1.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="border-top:2.25pt double;padding-top:1.0pt;text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:4.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:4.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">UNITED STATES</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Washington, D.C. 20549</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;padding-bottom:1.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:6.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">FORM </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_90b47a53-a8df-4340-9462-91ea5209d5c8" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:DocumentType"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">8-K</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;padding-bottom:1.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:6.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">CURRENT REPORT</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_a6761e2d-110a-43e2-9074-f99a4b539e97" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">May 25, 2023</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_90f1cbc4-21ef-4a8e-a2b9-913206685d18" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:EntityRegistrantName"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;padding-bottom:1.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);text-indent:28.5pt;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"><p style="margin-left:28.5pt;text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_f8f8fd8a-a6af-42c3-b1c8-d1a3a5952f40" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:EntityFileNumber"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">033-80623</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);text-indent:28.5pt;word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"><p style="margin-left:28.5pt;text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(Commission</span></p><p style="margin-left:28.5pt;text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">File Number)</span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(IRS Employer</span></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Identification No.)</span></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:12.0pt;">
    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:middle;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:12.0pt;">
    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:1.71875in;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_a392fab3-7628-419b-b912-59039a8e7121" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">22722 29th Drive SE</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_64db3a84-ca06-4466-9b57-ab36073a1115" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine2"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Suite 100</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-right:1.71875in;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_3e1f5e3c-e4c4-4fe1-a31a-0c5f87ae4c3f" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Bothell</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_bd90c655-bc78-4d5e-9b4b-3d0e3aa9a42b" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">WA</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_564944e3-effb-4323-b18b-4a6c7e00c2da" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">98021</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
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    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:1.71875in;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_a2637cb6-c522-4600-9af7-9f36499f24b4" contextRef="C_0ac1b7f5-56d1-4267-bb39-b1693194cff7" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1040 West Georgia</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_e538cc31-967b-4e1d-b82c-79b5255f0695" contextRef="C_0ac1b7f5-56d1-4267-bb39-b1693194cff7" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine2"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Suite 1030</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:1.71875in;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_a860a12a-7df2-4444-ba00-3efb492691e5" contextRef="C_0ac1b7f5-56d1-4267-bb39-b1693194cff7" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Vancouver</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_30a5f03f-1e35-4077-9270-0aefb9b4393e" contextRef="C_0ac1b7f5-56d1-4267-bb39-b1693194cff7" name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">BC</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_26b38b16-1341-426c-87cd-09543310008b" contextRef="C_0ac1b7f5-56d1-4267-bb39-b1693194cff7" name="dei:EntityAddressCountry" format="ixt-sec:countrynameen"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Canada</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:1.71875in;text-align:center;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_a15691f9-ddbb-43df-83ef-7e06b87fe228" contextRef="C_0ac1b7f5-56d1-4267-bb39-b1693194cff7" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">V6E 4H1</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
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    <td colspan="3" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;margin-right:1.71875in;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(Address of Principal Executive Offices)</span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:8.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(Zip Code)</span></p></td>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:6.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Registrant&#x2019;s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_bad0b52c-cb5d-4c38-b51b-bf5d1e8b8bf0" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:CityAreaCode"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">604</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">) </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_fc7f361c-2309-42c2-b3e4-1d90c5101304" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">210-2217</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:6.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">N/A</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;padding-bottom:1.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(0,0,0,1);text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:6.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:6.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:70.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, sans-serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_535e4af8-9cc1-495e-b7f1-4275601422b8" contextRef="C_63481a18-4b04-4743-a9e7-0c6d8410bfbc" name="dei:WrittenCommunications" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:6.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:16.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:16.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Registered Direct Offering</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">On May 25, 2023, Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (the &#x201c;Company&#x201d;) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the &#x201c;Purchase Agreement&#x201d;) with certain purchasers for the sale of 3,000,000 shares (the &#x201c;Shares&#x201d;) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock at a price of $5.50 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately $16.5 million before deducting the placement fees and related offering expenses. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by the Company, customary conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of the Company, other obligations of the parties and termination provisions.</span></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The offering of the Shares (the &#x201c;Registered Offering&#x201d;) is being made pursuant to the shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-261811), including the prospectus dated January 5, 2022 contained therein, and the prospectus supplement dated May 25, 2023.</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The Company will pay to Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC, the exclusive placement agent for the Registered Offering, a cash fee equal to an aggregate of 6.0% of the gross proceeds generated from the sale of the Shares and will reimburse the placement agent for certain of its expenses in an amount not to exceed $75,000.</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The Company estimates that the net proceeds from the Registered Offering will be approximately $15.2 million, after deducting placement agent fees and related offering expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Registered Offering to fund product development and regulatory activities, and for working capital and general corporate purposes.</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The Purchase Agreement is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. The above description of the terms of the Purchase Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit.</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">A copy of the opinion of Fenwick &amp; West LLP, relating to the validity of the Shares, is filed with this Current Report on Form 8-K as Exhibit 5.1.</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Item 7.01</span><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Regulation FD Disclosure.</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">On May 25, 2023, the Company issued a press release announcing that it had priced the Registered Offering. A copy of this press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The information furnished in this Item 7.01, including Exhibit 99.1, shall not be deemed &#x201c;filed&#x201d; for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#x201c;Exchange Act&#x201d;), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any other filing under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">    </span></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(d) Exhibits</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1pt solid rgba(255,255,255,0.01);text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:11.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1pt solid;text-align:left;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:11.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Description</span></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:11.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex5_1.htm"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Opinion of Fenwick &amp; West LLP</span></a></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:bottom;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:11.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex10_1.htm"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 25, 2023, by and among Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. and the purchasers identified on the signature pages thereto</span></a></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex5_1.htm"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Consent of Fenwick &amp; West LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1)</span></a></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex99_1.htm"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Press Release, dated May 25, 2023</span></a></p></td>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Forward-Looking Statements</span><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:5.333%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This Current Report on Form 8-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. Any statements contained herein that do not describe historical facts, including, but not limited to, statements regarding the expected net proceeds of the Registered Offering and the anticipated use of proceeds of the Registered Offering, are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in such forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, the risks identified in the Company&#x2019;s filings with the SEC, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on May 9, 2023, the prospectus supplement related to the Registered Offering, and subsequent filings with the SEC. Any of these risks and uncertainties could materially and adversely affect the Company&#x2019;s results of operations, which would, in turn, have a significant and adverse impact on the Company&#x2019;s stock price. The Company cautions you not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. The Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect new information, events or circumstances after the date they were made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.</span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.</span></p>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:11.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><span style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</span></p></td>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit 5.1</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><img src="img223336490_0.jpg" alt="img223336490_0.jpg" style="width:624px;height:44px;">&#160;</p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">May 25, 2023</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.05pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.05pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1040 West Georgia Street, Suite 1030</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.05pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Vancouver, BC V6E 4H1</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We deliver this opinion with respect to certain matters in connection with the offer and sale by Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Company</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), of 3,000,000 shares (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Shares</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, pursuant to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Purchase Agreement</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), dated as of May 25, 2023, between the Company and the purchasers identified on the signature pages thereto.  The Shares were registered pursuant to a shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-261811) filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Commission</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) on December 21, 2021 (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Registration Statement</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Act</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and declared effective on January 5, 2022, the prospectus dated January 5, 2022 included therein (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Base Prospectus</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and the prospectus supplement dated May 25, 2023 (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus Supplement</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; and, together with the Base Prospectus, the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act.  The offering of the Shares by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Purchase Agreement is referred to herein as the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Offering</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.&#x201d;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">In connection with our opinion expressed below we have examined originals or copies of the Purchase Agreement, the Company&#x2019;s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Certificate</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), the Company&#x2019;s Sixth Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Bylaws</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; and, together with the Certificate, the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Charter Documents</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), certain minutes and consents of the Company&#x2019;s board of directors (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Board</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) or a committee or committees thereof and the Company&#x2019;s stockholders relating to the Registration Statement, the Company&#x2019;s Certificate and Bylaws, the Registration Statement, together with the exhibits filed as a part thereof and all other documents incorporated therein by reference, the Prospectus and such other agreements, documents, certificates and statements of the Company, its transfer agent and public or government officials, as we have deemed advisable, and have examined such questions of law as we have considered necessary.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We have assumed, and express no opinion as to, the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us, the genuineness of all signatures on documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to originals and completeness of all documents submitted to us as copies, the legal capacity of all persons or entities executing the same, the absence of any undisclosed termination, modification, waiver or amendment to any document reviewed by us, the absence of any other extrinsic agreements or documents that might change or affect the interpretation or terms of documents we have reviewed and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all such documents where due authorization, execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness thereof.  In giving our opinion, we have also relied upon a good standing certificate regarding the Company issued by the Delaware Secretary of State, and a management certificate addressed to us and dated of even date herewith executed by the Company containing certain factual representations by the Company.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We render this opinion only with respect to, and express no opinion herein concerning, the application or effect of the laws of any jurisdiction other than the existing Delaware General Corporation Law.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Based upon the foregoing, we are of the opinion that the Shares, when issued, sold and delivered in accordance with the provisions of the Purchase Agreement and in the manner and for the consideration stated in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and in accordance with the resolutions adopted by the Board and the Pricing Committee of the Board, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">We consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Current Report on Form 8-K to be filed by the Company with the Commission in connection with the Offering and further consent to all references to us, if any, in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto.  We do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:14.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">[Concluding Paragraph and Signature Follows on Next Page]</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This opinion is intended solely for use in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares subject to the Registration Statement and is not to be relied upon for any other purpose.  In providing the opinion, we are opining only as to the specific legal issues expressly set forth above and no opinion shall be inferred as to any other matter or matters.  This opinion is rendered, and speaks, only as of the date of this letter first written above, is based solely on our understanding of facts in existence as of such date after the aforementioned examination and does not address any potential changes in facts, circumstance or law that may occur after the date of this opinion letter.  We assume no obligation to advise you of any fact, circumstance, event or change in the law or the facts that may hereafter be brought to our attention whether or not such occurrence would affect or modify the opinion expressed herein.</font></p>
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    <td colspan="2" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:11.0pt;margin-top:6.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:24.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Very truly yours,</font></p></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:top;text-align:right;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:11.0pt;margin-top:6.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">/s/ FENWICK &amp; WEST LLP</font></p></td>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 10.1</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This Securities Purchase Agreement (this &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Agreement</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) is dated as of May 25, 2023, between Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Company</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Purchaser</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; and collectively the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Purchasers</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (as defined below), the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.533%;">ARTICLE I.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"><br>DEFINITIONS</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">1.1</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> Definitions</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(255,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">		</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Acquiring Person</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Action</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Affiliate</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Board of Directors</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the board of directors of the Company.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Business Day</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to &#x201c;stay at home&#x201d;, &#x201c;shelter-in-place&#x201d;, &#x201c;non-essential employee&#x201d;  or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York are generally open for use by customers on such day.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Closing</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Shares pursuant to Section 2.1.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">1</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Date</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers&#x2019; obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company&#x2019;s obligations to deliver the Shares, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second (2</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">) Trading Day following the date hereof.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Commission</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock Equivalents</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Company Counsel</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Fenwick &amp; West LLP with offices located at 1191 2nd Ave, 10th Floor, Seattle, Washington.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Disclosure Time</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) and before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight (New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Evaluation Date</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Exchange Act</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">FCPA</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">GAAP</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Indebtedness</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Intellectual Property Rights</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Liens</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">2</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Material Adverse Effect</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Material Permits</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Per Share Purchase Price</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; equals $5.50, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Person</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Pharmaceutical Product</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(hh).</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Placement Agent</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Proceeding</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus Supplement</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with the Commission and delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at the Closing.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Purchaser Party</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Registration Statement</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the effective registration statement with Commission File No. 333-261811 which registers the sale of the Shares to the Purchasers, and includes any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Required Approvals</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Rule 144</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Rule 424</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">3</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Rule 462(b) Registration Statement</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering additional public securities, which was filed with the Commission on or prior to the date hereof and became automatically effective pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">SEC Reports</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Act</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Shares</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Short Sales</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means all &#x201c;short sales&#x201d; as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Subscription Amount</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares purchased hereunder as specified below such Purchaser&#x2019;s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading &#x201c;Subscription Amount,&#x201d; in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Subsidiary</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Schedule 3.1(a)</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Sullivan</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Sullivan &amp; Worcester LLP with offices located at 1633 Broadway, New York, NY 10019.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Day</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Market</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, the Pink Open Market, OTCQB or the OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Transaction Documents</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means this Agreement, all exhibits and schedules hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer Agent</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means American Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 1110 Centre Pointe Curve #101, Mendota Heights, MN 55120 and an email address of steven.hoffman@equiniti.com, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">4</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.533%;">ARTICLE II.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"><br>PURCHASE AND SALE</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">2.1</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Closing</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly,  agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $16.5 million of Shares.  The Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing.  Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur at the offices of Sullivan or such other location or remotely by electronic transfer of the Closing documentation as the parties shall mutually agree. Each Purchaser shall deliver to the Company, via wire transfer, immediately available funds equal to such Purchaser&#x2019;s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page&#x202f;hereto executed by such Purchaser as provided in Section 2.2(b), and the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares, as determined pursuant to Section&#x202f;2.2(a), and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section&#x202f;2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall take place remotely by electronic transfer of the Closing documentation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, upon election by any Purchaser as set forth on the signature pages hereto, settlement of the Shares shall occur via &#x201c;Delivery Versus Payment&#x201d; (&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DVP</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;)</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(i.e., on the Closing Date, the Company shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers&#x2019; names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the account(s) at the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly electronically deliver such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing firm) by wire transfer to the Company). For Purchasers electing settlement of the Shares via DVP, each such Purchaser&#x2019;s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser shall be made available for DVP settlement with the Company or its designee.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the time of execution of this Agreement by the Company and an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to the Closing (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Settlement Period</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), such Purchaser sells to any Person all, or any portion, of the Shares to be issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Settlement Shares</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), such Purchaser shall, automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions by such Purchaser or the Company), be deemed to be unconditionally bound to purchase, such Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser at the Closing; provided, that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser prior to the Company&#x2019;s receipt of the purchase price of such Pre-Settlement Shares hereunder; and provided further that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that the forgoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period such Purchaser shall sell any shares of Common Stock to any Person and that any such decision to sell any shares of Common Stock by such Purchaser shall solely be made at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any such sale, if any. </font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">2.2</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Deliveries</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">5</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(a)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">On or prior to the Closing Date (except as indicated below), the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(i)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">this Agreement duly executed by the Company;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(ii)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">a legal opinion of Company Counsel, substantially in form  and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agent; </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(iii)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">subject to the last sentence of Section 2.1, the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company&#x2019;s wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Principal Accounting Officer;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(iv)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">subject to the last sentence of Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">DWAC</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) Shares equal to such Purchaser&#x2019;s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser to the account information designated by such Purchaser in the signature pages hereto; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(v)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(b)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, the following:</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(i)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(ii)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">such Purchaser&#x2019;s Subscription Amount, which shall be (i) funded to the Company no later than close of business on May 26, 2023 and held in escrow by the Company prior to Closing or (ii) made available for &#x201c;Delivery Versus Payment&#x201d; settlement with the Company or its designee.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">2.3</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Conditions</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(a)	The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(i)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality, in all respects) on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality, in all respects) as of such date); </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(ii)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">all obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; and</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">6</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(iii)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(b)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(i)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) as of such date;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(ii)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(iii)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement; </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(iv)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;">(v)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company&#x2019;s principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Shares at the Closing.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.533%;">ARTICLE III.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"><br>REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">3.1</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Representations and Warranties of the Company</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except as explicitly described in the SEC Reports, which descriptions shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the SEC Reports, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser:</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(a)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Subsidiaries</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth in the SEC Reports.  The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">7</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.  If the Company has no subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(a)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Organization and Qualification</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents.  Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company&#x2019;s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Material Adverse Effect</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(b)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Authorization; Enforcement</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder.  The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company&#x2019;s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals.  This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&#x2019; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">8</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(c)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">No Conflicts</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Shares and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company&#x2019;s or any Subsidiary&#x2019;s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(d)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Filings, Consents and Approvals</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, (iii) application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, and (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Required Approvals</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(e)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Issuance of the Shares; Registration</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Shares are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective on January 5, 2022 (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Effective Date</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), including the Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement.  The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission.  The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b).  At the time the Registration </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">9</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(f)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Capitalization</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth in the SEC Reports.  The Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than (i) 65,000 shares of Common Stock issued upon the exercise of a warrant, with an exercise price per share of $2.31 and (ii) pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company&#x2019;s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company&#x2019;s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act.  No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.  Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary.  The issuance and sale of the Shares will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers). There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary other than the Company&#x2019;s warrants issued in each of December 2019 and November 2022.  There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or &#x201c;phantom stock&#x201d; plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.  No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">10</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">for the issuance and sale of the Shares.  There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company&#x2019;s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company&#x2019;s stockholders.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(g)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">SEC Reports; Financial Statements</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">SEC Reports</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension, with the exception of a Current Report on Form 8-K required pursuant to Item 5.02(d), which was filed with the SEC on March 14, 2022 and available on the SEC&#x2019;s EDGAR system as of March 15, 2022.  As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing.  Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">GAAP</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(h)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as set forth  on the SEC Reports, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company&#x2019;s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">11</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans.  The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information.  Except for the issuance of the Shares contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth on the SEC Reports, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(i)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Litigation</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Action</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty.  There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company.  The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.  </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(j)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Labor Relations</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.  None of the Company&#x2019;s or its Subsidiaries&#x2019; employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee&#x2019;s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good.  To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters.  The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(k)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Compliance</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">12</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(l)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Environmental Laws</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.	The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Hazardous Materials</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Environmental Laws</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(m)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Regulatory Permits</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Material Permits</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(n)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Title to Assets</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties.  Any real property and facilities held under lease by the </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">13</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(o)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Intellectual Property</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Intellectual Property Rights</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect.  To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights.  The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(p)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Insurance</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(q)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Transactions With Affiliates and Employees</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except as set forth on the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">14</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(r)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date.  The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&#x2019;s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&#x2019;s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&#x2019;s rules and forms.  The Company&#x2019;s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Evaluation Date</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date.  Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(s)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Fees</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except for fees payable by the Company to the Placement Agent, no brokerage or finder&#x2019;s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.  The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(t)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Investment Company</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an &#x201c;investment company&#x201d; within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.  The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an &#x201c;investment company&#x201d; subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">15</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(u)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Registration Rights</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(v)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Listing and Maintenance Requirements</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration.  Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(w)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Application of Takeover Protections</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti&#x2011;takeover provision under the Company&#x2019;s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company&#x2019;s issuance of the Shares and the Purchasers&#x2019; ownership of the Shares.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(x)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Disclosure</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement.   The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.  All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">16</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">were made and when made, not misleading.  The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(y)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">No Integrated Offering</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers&#x2019; representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Shares to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(z)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Solvency</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Shares hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company&#x2019;s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company&#x2019;s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company&#x2019;s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid.  The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt).  The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date.  The SEC Reports set forth all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments.  For the purposes of this Agreement, &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Indebtedness</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(aa)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Tax Status</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">17</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply.  There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(bb)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Foreign Corrupt Practices</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(cc)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Accountants</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company&#x2019;s accounting firm is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.  To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company&#x2019;s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023.	</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(dd)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers&#x2019; Purchase of Shares</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm&#x2019;s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby.  The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers&#x2019; purchase of the Shares.  The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company&#x2019;s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(ee)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser&#x2019;s Trading Activity</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or &#x201c;derivative&#x201d; securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Shares for any specified term; (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">18</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or &#x201c;derivative&#x201d; transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company&#x2019;s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in &#x201c;derivative&#x201d; transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a &#x201c;short&#x201d; position in the Common Stock, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm&#x2019;s length counter-party in any &#x201c;derivative&#x201d; transaction.  The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Shares are outstanding, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders' equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted.  The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(ff)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Regulation M Compliance</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Shares, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Shares, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection with the placement of the Shares.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(gg)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">FDA</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">FDA</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">FDCA</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) that is manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Pharmaceutical Product</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration, investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, good clinical practices, product listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect.  There is no pending, completed or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests the premarket clearance, licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests the recall, suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating to, any Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">19</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">a consent decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws, rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect.  The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA.  The Company has not been informed by the FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed, produced or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any concern as to approving or clearing for marketing any product being developed or proposed to be developed by the Company.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(hh)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Cybersecurity</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (i)(x) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company&#x2019;s or any Subsidiary&#x2019;s information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">IT Systems and Data</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(ii)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Stock Option Plans</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company&#x2019;s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance with the terms of the Company&#x2019;s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted under the Company&#x2019;s stock option plan has been backdated.  The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(jj)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Office of Foreign Assets Control</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company  or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (&#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">OFAC</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">20</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(kk)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser&#x2019;s request.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(ll)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Bank Holding Company Act</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">BHCA</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Federal Reserve</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.  Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:5.14287551026968%;">(mm)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Money Laundering</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Money Laundering Laws</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">3.2</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.993238323104129%;">(a)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Organization; Authority</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser.  Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&#x2019; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">21</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.993238323104129%;">(b)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Understandings or Arrangements</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Such Purchaser is acquiring the Shares as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Shares (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser&#x2019;s right to sell the Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).  Such Purchaser is acquiring the Shares hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:6.935%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:3.1863102049308227%;">(c)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Purchaser Status</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  At the time such Purchaser was offered the Shares, it was, and as of the date hereof, it will be an &#x201c;accredited investor&#x201d; as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8), (a)(9), (a)(12), or (a)(13) under the Securities Act.  </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.993238323104129%;">(d)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Experience of Such Purchaser</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Shares, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment.  Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Shares, and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.993238323104129%;">(e)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Access to Information</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Shares and the merits and risks of investing in the Shares; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment.  Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Shares nor is such information or advice necessary or desired.  Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any representation as to the Company or the quality of the Shares and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it.  In connection with the issuance of the Shares to such Purchaser, neither the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.993238323104129%;">(f)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Transactions and Confidentiality</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material pricing terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">22</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">portions of such Purchaser&#x2019;s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser&#x2019;s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Shares covered by this Agreement.  Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser&#x2019;s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser&#x2019;s right to rely on the Company&#x2019;s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.533%;">ARTICLE IV.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"><br>OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.1</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">[Reserved].</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.2</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Furnishing of Information</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Until such time that no Purchaser owns Shares, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.  </font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.3</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Integration</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Shares for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction. </font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.4</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act.  From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">23</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.  In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate and be of no further force or effect. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b) and reasonably cooperate with such Purchaser regarding such disclosure.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.5</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Shareholder Rights Plan</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser is an &#x201c;</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Acquiring Person</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Shares under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.6</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Non-Public Information</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.   Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented in writing to the receipt of such information and agreed in writing with the Company to keep such information confidential.  The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.  To the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser&#x2019;s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">24</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously with the delivery of such notice file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.  The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.7</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Use of Proceeds</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Shares hereunder for working capital purposes and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company&#x2019;s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company&#x2019;s business and prior practices), (b) for the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.8</font><div style="display:inline;" id="ole_link2"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Indemnification of Purchasers</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.   </font><font id="ole_link1"></font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a &#x201c;Purchaser Party&#x201d;) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such  Purchaser Party&#x2019;s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct.  If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and, the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party.  Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">25</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel.  The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company&#x2019;s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party&#x2019;s breach of any of the representations, other Transaction Documents.  The indemnification required by this Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred.  The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.9</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Reservation of Common Stock</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement.</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">   </font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.10</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Listing of Common Stock</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible.  The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all material respects with the Company&#x2019;s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market.  The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.11</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">[Reserved].</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.12</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">[Reserved].</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.13</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Equal Treatment of Purchasers</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  No consideration (including any modification of this Agreement) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to this Agreement.  For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">26</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Shares or otherwise.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.14</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Transactions and Confidentiality</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales of any of the Company&#x2019;s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4.  Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction (other than as disclosed to its legal and other representatives).  Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates, or agent, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.4.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser&#x2019;s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser&#x2019;s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Shares covered by this Agreement.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.15</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">[Reserved].</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">4.16</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">[Reserved].</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:4.533%;">ARTICLE V.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"><br>MISCELLANEOUS</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.1</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Termination</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser&#x2019;s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth (5</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">th</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">) Trading Day following the date hereof; </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">27</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.2</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Fees and Expenses</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.    Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement.  The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Shares to the Purchasers.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.3</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Entire Agreement</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.4</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Notices</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.  The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.5</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Amendments; Waivers</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased at least 50.1% in interest of the Shares based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder (or, prior to the Closing, the Company and each Purchaser) or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required.  No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Purchasers shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Shares and the Company.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.6</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Headings</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">28</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.7</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Successors and Assigns</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.  The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger).  Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Shares, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Shares, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the &#x201c;Purchasers.&#x201d;</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.8</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">No Third-Party Beneficiaries</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Placement Agent shall be the third party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of the Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2.  This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.9</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Governing Law</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof.  Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York.  Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding.  Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof.  Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law.   If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.10</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Survival</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Shares.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.11</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Execution</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">29</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart.  In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery of a &#x201c;.pdf&#x201d; format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such &#x201c;.pdf&#x201d; signature page were an original thereof.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.12</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Severability</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.13</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Rescission and Withdrawal Right</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.14</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Replacement of Securities</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Shares is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction.  The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Shares.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.15</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Remedies</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents.  The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.16</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Payment Set Aside</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">30</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:0;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.17</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Independent Nature of Purchasers&#x2019; Obligations and Rights</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document.  Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.  Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose.  Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents.  For reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through Sullivan.  Sullivan does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent.  The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers.  It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.18</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc.</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">	If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.19</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Construction</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0.0pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12.0pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;justify-content:flex-start;min-width:2.4%;">5.20</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">.  </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY. </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">31</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">(Signature Pages Follow)</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">32</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</font></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Address for Notice:</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">By:</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">____/s/ John Bencich________________________</font></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Name: John Bencich</font></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Title: Chief Executive Officer</font></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):</font></p></td>
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    <td style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);word-break:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Amanda Rose; Julia Forbess</font></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Fenwick &amp; West LLP</font></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="text-indent:0.0pt;font-size:12.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);text-transform:uppercase;color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">ACHV</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:24.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Purchaser: ____________________________________________</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Address for Notice to Purchaser:</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Address for Delivery of Shares to Purchaser (if not same as address for notice):</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Subscription Amount: $_________________</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Election of DVP Settlement:</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">        </font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Shares: _________________</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">EIN Number: ____________________</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:right;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 99.1</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:center;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences Announces Pricing of $16.5 Million Registered Direct Offering</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">SEATTLE, Wash. and VANCOUVER, British Columbia, May 25, 2023 </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">-- Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: ACHV), a late-stage pharmaceutical company committed to the global development and commercialization of cytisinicline for smoking cessation and nicotine dependence, today announced that it has entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional investors providing for the purchase and sale of 3,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $5.50 per share in a registered direct offering. The aggregate gross proceeds from this offering are expected to be approximately $16.5 million, prior to deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses. The Company intends to use the proceeds from the offering to fund product development and regulatory activities, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. The offering is expected to close on or about May 30, 2023, subject to customary closing conditions.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Current Achieve investors, including investors in Dialectic Life Sciences and various entities affiliated with the Hunt Family, as well as members of Achieve&#x2019;s management, are participating in this transaction. The shares of common stock were offered pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-261811), which was declared effective by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (&#34;SEC&#34;) on January 5, 2022. Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC is acting as the exclusive placement agent in connection with this offering.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">   </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities of Achieve, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of such state or jurisdiction. A prospectus supplement relating to the shares of common stock will be filed by the Company with the SEC. When available, copies of the prospectus supplement, together with the accompanying prospectus, can be obtained at the SEC&#x2019;s website at www.sec.gov or from Lake Street Capital Markets LLC, Prospectus Department, 920 Second Avenue South, Suite 700, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402 or by email at info@lakestreetcm.com.</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:center;"><img src="img9551541_0.jpg" alt="img9551541_0.jpg" style="width:143px;height:143px;">&#160;</p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">About Achieve and Cytisinicline&#x202f;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve&#x2019;s focus is to address the global smoking health and nicotine addiction epidemic through the development and commercialization of cytisinicline. Tobacco use is currently the leading cause of preventable death that is responsible for more than eight million deaths worldwide and nearly half a million deaths in the United States annually.</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">More than 87% of lung cancer deaths, 61% of all pulmonary disease deaths, and 32% of all deaths from coronary heart disease are attributable to smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">In addition, there are over 11 million adults in the United States who use e-cigarettes, also known as vaping. In 2022, approximately 2.5 million middle and high school students in the United States reported using e-cigarettes. Currently, there are no FDA-approved treatments indicated specifically as an aid to nicotine e-cigarette cessation.</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Cytisinicline is a plant-based alkaloid with a high binding affinity to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. It is believed to aid in treating nicotine addiction for smoking and e-cigarette cessation by interacting with nicotine receptors in the brain, reducing the severity of withdrawal symptoms, and reducing the reward and satisfaction associated with nicotine products. Cytisinicline is an investigational product candidate being developed for the treatment of nicotine addiction and has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for any indication in the United States.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Forward-Looking Statements</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the &#x201c;safe harbor&#x201d; provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to, statements Achieve makes regarding its expectation of market conditions and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions related to the offering, its ability to complete the offering and expected use of proceeds</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">.</font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. Achieve may not actually achieve its plans or product development goals in a timely manner, if at all, or otherwise carry out its intentions or meet its expectations or projections disclosed in these forward-looking statements. There can be no assurance regarding the completion of the offering. These statements are based on management's current expectations and beliefs and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, including Achieve&#x2019;s Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Achieve undertakes no obligation to update the forward-looking statements contained</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;, sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">herein or to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date hereof, other than as may be required by applicable law.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Investor Relations Contact<br></font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Nicole Jones<br></font><font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">achv@cg.capital</font></font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">(404) 736-3838</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:0.0%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.0pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Media Contact</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Glenn Silver</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10.0pt;margin-top:0.0pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);color:rgba(0,0,255,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;">Glenn.Silver@Finnpartners.com</font><font style="color:rgba(0,0,0,1);white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:normal;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:&quot;Cambria&quot;, serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>achv-20230525_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Linkbase Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2023-05-25T08:09:36.6719+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:title="labelLink" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_OtherAddressMember" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address City Or Town</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Amendment Flag</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Addresses, Address Type [Axis]</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address Address Line1</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Address Type [Domain]</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Principle address</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Other Address [Member]</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Information [Line Items]</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security12b Title</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address State Or Province</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address Country</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address Address Line2</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Information [Table]</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Trading Symbol</link:label>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherAddressMember" xlink:to="dei_OtherAddressMember_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl"/>
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl"/>
  </link:labelLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>achv-20230525_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Linkbase Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2023-05-25T08:09:36.6562+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#all" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-default" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-domain" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#domain-member" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#hypercube-dimension" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20230525/taxonomy/role/Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:href="achv-20230525.xsd#Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:definitionLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20230525/taxonomy/role/Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain_default"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_OtherAddressMember" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="1" xbrldt:closed="true" xbrldt:contextElement="segment" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="0" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="0" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain_default" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="0" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:to="dei_OtherAddressMember" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="0" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="0" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="1" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="2" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="3" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="4" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="5" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="6" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="7" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="8" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="9" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="10" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="11" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="12" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="13" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="14" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="15" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="16" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="17" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="18" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="19" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="20" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="21" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="22" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol" priority="2" use="optional"/>
    <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="23" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName" priority="2" use="optional"/>
  </link:definitionLink>
</link:linkbase>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>achv-20230525_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Linkbase Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2023-05-25T08:09:36.5401+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <link:roleRef roleURI="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20230525/taxonomy/role/Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:href="achv-20230525.xsd#Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="simple"/>
  <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20230525/taxonomy/role/Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:title="presentationLink" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_OtherAddressMember" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
    <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:to="dei_OtherAddressMember" order="0" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType" order="0" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" order="0" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag" order="1" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" order="1" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" order="2" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain" order="3.0" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName" order="3" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" order="4" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" order="5" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber" order="6" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" order="7" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" order="8" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" order="9" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" order="10" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" order="11" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" order="12" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry" order="13" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" order="14" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode" order="15" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" order="16" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications" order="17" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial" order="18" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" order="19" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" order="20" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle" order="21" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol" order="22" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
    <link:presentationArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/parent-child" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName" order="23" priority="2" use="optional" preferredLabel="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel"/>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>achv-20230525.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2023-05-25T08:09:36.5845+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20230525" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" xmlns:enum2="http://xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:achv="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20230525" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022"/>
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    <xsd:appinfo>
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        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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</xsd:schema>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>11
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.23.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139693282088528">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>May 25, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">May 25,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000949858<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">033-80623<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">95-4343413<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">22722 29th Drive SE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Bothell<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">WA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">98021<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">604<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">210-2217<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">ACHV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_OtherAddressMember', window );">Principle address</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">1040 West Georgia<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 1030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Vancouver<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">BC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">V6E 4H1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
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<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<tr>
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<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
