<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000950170-24-023189.txt : 20240229
<SEC-HEADER>0000950170-24-023189.hdr.sgml : 20240229
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20240229164119
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000950170-24-023189
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		17
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20240228
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Termination of a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20240229
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20240229

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000949858
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	IN VITRO & IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES [2835]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		IRS NUMBER:				954343413
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	033-80623
		FILM NUMBER:		24704531

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021
		BUSINESS PHONE:		425-686-1500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ONCOGENEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SONUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950825
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">UNITED STATES</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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  <p style="padding-bottom:1pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">FORM </span><span style="font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_ee80730c-3cd6-4dde-a851-eabce909d717" contextRef="C_46a20721-cf8f-43d4-b344-73fab808f175" name="dei:DocumentType"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">8-K</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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   <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Registrant&#8217;s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_9a8aa90c-f121-4d1b-ad21-b7d332514261" contextRef="C_46a20721-cf8f-43d4-b344-73fab808f175" name="dei:CityAreaCode"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">604</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">) </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_c6659e3e-f63d-4ec6-b91b-bb24136e6eee" contextRef="C_46a20721-cf8f-43d4-b344-73fab808f175" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">210-2217</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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   <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
    <td style="width:3.04%;"/>
    <td style="width:96.96%;"/>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
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   </tr>
  </table>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:70.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
   <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
    <td style="width:3.04%;"/>
    <td style="width:96.96%;"/>
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   <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
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   </tr>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:86.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
   <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
    <td style="width:2.46%;"/>
    <td style="width:97.54%;"/>
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   <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
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   </tr>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:86.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
   <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
    <td style="width:2.48%;"/>
    <td style="width:97.52%;"/>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:3pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:96.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
   <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
    <td style="width:37.56%;"/>
    <td style="width:27.82%;"/>
    <td style="width:34.62%;"/>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;">
    <td style="padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">Title of each class</span></p></td>
    <td style="padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Symbol</span></p></td>
    <td style="padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">Name of exchange on which registered</span></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:11pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;">
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
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  <p style="padding-bottom:1pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:2.25pt double;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;"/>
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Item 1.01 Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Registered Direct Offering</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">On February 28, 2024, Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into a securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;Purchase Agreement&#8221;) with certain purchasers (the &#8220;Purchasers&#8221;) for the sale of up to 13,086,151 shares (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) of the Company&#8217;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), at a price of $4.585 per Share. The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and agreements by the Company, customary conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of the Company, other obligations of the parties and termination provisions.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The offering of the Shares (the &#8220;Registered Offering&#8221;) is being made pursuant to the Company&#8217;s effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-261811), including the prospectus dated January 5, 2022 contained therein, and the prospectus supplement dated February 28, 2024 (the &#8220;Prospectus Supplement&#8221;).</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Private Placement</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Purchase Agreement also provides for a concurrent private placement (the &#8220;Private Placement&#8221; and, together with the Registered Offering, the &#8220;Offering&#8221;) of warrants to purchase Common Stock (or, if the purchaser elects, pre-funded warrants) (the &#8220;Private Placement Warrants&#8221;) with the Purchasers. The Private Placement Warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance until the earlier of (x) three and one-half years after the date of issuance, and (y) 30 days following the Company&#8217;s public disclosure of the acceptance of an NDA for cytisinicline by the FDA in a Day 74 Letter or equivalent correspondence. The Private Placement Warrants have an exercise price of $4.906 per share of Common Stock (or $4.905 per pre-funded warrant). The Private Placement Warrants may be exercised on a cashless basis in certain limited circumstances as set forth in the Private Placement Warrants.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">A holder of Private Placement Warrants may not exercise such Private Placement Warrant for shares of Common Stock if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, 9.99% or 19.99%) of the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. A holder of Private Placement Warrants may increase or decrease this percentage, but not in excess of 19.99%, by providing at least 61 days&#8217; prior notice to the Company.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to file a registration statement as soon as practicable, but in any event by the earlier of (x) two trading days of the Company&#8217;s filing of its definitive proxy statement for the 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and (y) 60 days after the date of the Purchase Agreement (the &#8220;Registration Statement&#8221;), registering for resale the shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants (or pre-funded warrants) (the &#8220;Registrable Securities&#8221;). The Company is obligated to use reasonable best efforts to cause such Registration Statement to become effective within 30 days following the initial filing date, and to maintain the Registration Statement&#8217;s effectiveness until the earlier of the date that (i) the Registrable Securities have been sold or (ii) the Registrable Securities may be sold without any restrictions pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;). In addition, the Purchase Agreement prohibits the Company, subject to limited exemptions, from the date of the Purchase Agreement until 90 days after the closing of the Registered Offering, from (a) issuing, entering into any agreement to issue or announcing the issuance or proposed issuance of any Common Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(b) filing any registration statement or amendment or supplement with respect thereto, other than the Registration Statement.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Company will pay to Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC and JonesTrading Institutional Services LLC, the placement agents for the Offering, a cash fee equal to an aggregate of 5.5% of the gross proceeds generated from the sale of the Shares and 1.0% of the gross proceeds, up to an aggregate amount of $500,000, generated from the exercise of the Private Placement Warrants, and will reimburse the placement agents for certain of their expenses in an amount not to exceed $100,000.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Company estimates that the net proceeds from the Offering will be approximately $56.2 million, after deducting placement agent fees and related offering expenses. If all of the Private Placement Warrants are exercised in full, the Company would receive an additional $64.2 million in gross proceeds. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering to fund clinical development of cytisinicline through NDA submission, expected in the first half of 2025, including the ORCA-OL clinical trial, to fund other cytisinicline related research and clinical development activities and for working capital and general corporate purposes. Assuming all of the Private Placement Warrants are exercised, the Company expects that the net proceeds from such exercises will be sufficient to fund the development of cytisinicline into 2026 and through potential FDA approval. The Company may also use a portion of the net proceeds for the acquisition of, or investment in, technologies, intellectual property or businesses that complement its business, although it has no present commitments or agreements to this effect.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Purchase Agreement is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. The form of Private Placement Warrant is filed as Exhibit 4.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference. The above descriptions of the terms of the Purchase Agreement and the Private Placement Warrants are qualified in their entirety by reference to such exhibits.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Company is filing the opinion of its counsel, Fenwick &amp; West LLP, as Exhibit 5.1 hereto, regarding the legality of the Shares covered by the Purchase Agreement.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Item 1.02 Termination of Material Definitive Agreement</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">As previously disclosed, on December 21, 2021, the Company entered into an At-the-Market Sales Agreement (the &#8220;Sales Agreement&#8221;) with Virtu Americas LLC (&#8220;Virtu&#8221;) with respect to an &#8220;at-the-market&#8221; offering program under which the Company could offer and sell, from time to time at the Company&#8217;s sole discretion, shares of Common Stock through Virtu as its sales agent. In connection with the Offering, effective as of February 28, 2024, the Company terminated the Sales Agreement.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">On February 29, 2024, the Company filed the Prospectus Supplement with the SEC in connection with the Registered Offering, in which the Company disclosed that it expects to report that it had approximately $15.6 million in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2023.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Company&#8217;s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 are not yet available. Accordingly, the Company&#8217;s preliminary financial information described herein is an estimate and subject to the completion of the Company&#8217;s financial closing procedures and any adjustments that may result from the completion of the audit of the Company&#8217;s financial statements. The preliminary financial information described herein may differ materially from the actual results</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">that will be reflected in the Company&#8217;s audited financial statements when they are completed and publicly disclosed.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">In accordance with General Instruction B.2. of Form 8-K, the information in this Item 2.02 shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;), or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any of the Company&#8217;s filings under the Securities Act, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any incorporation language in such a filing, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Item 3.02 Unregistered Sales of Securities</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The disclosure required by this Item 3.02 and included in Item 1.01 is incorporated into this Item 3.02 by reference.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Company offered and sold the Private Placement Warrants and the shares of Common Stock (and pre-funded warrants) underlying the Private Placement Warrants in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">On February 29, 2024, the Company issued a press release announcing that it had priced the Offering. A copy of this press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The information furnished in this Item 7.01, including Exhibit 99.1, shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any other filing under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:10pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
  <p style="text-indent:3.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(d) 	Exhibits</span></p>
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    <td style="vertical-align:bottom;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex4_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">Form of Common Stock Warrant</span></a></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex5_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">Opinion of Fenwick &amp; West LLP</span></a></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:bottom;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex5_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">Consent of Fenwick &amp; West LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</span></a></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></td>
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    <td style="text-indent:30pt;vertical-align:top;"><p style="margin-left:20pt;text-indent:-10pt;padding-left:10pt;font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">99.1</span></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex99_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">Press Release dated February 29, 2024</span></a></p></td>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-right:6.667%;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">SIGNATURES</span></p>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.1
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<DESCRIPTION>EX-4.1
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  <title>EX-4.1</title>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 4.1</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE &#x201c;SECURITIES ACT&#x201d;), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK OR PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares: _______				Initial Exercise Date:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Section 1</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Definitions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Affiliate</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Bid Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the &#x201c;Pink Sheets&#x201d; published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Business Day</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Commission</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock Deemed Outstanding</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, at any given time, the sum of (a) the number of shares of Common Stock actually outstanding at such time, plus (b) the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exchange of Common Stock Equivalents actually outstanding at such time, regardless of whether the Common Stock Equivalents are actually exercisable at such time; provided, that Common Stock Deemed Outstanding at any given time shall not include shares owned or held by or for the account of the Company or any of its wholly-owned subsidiaries.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock Equivalents</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any securities of the Company or its subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exchange Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Person</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">2</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Funded Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a pre-funded warrant to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of Warrant Shares as to which this Warrant is being exercised in the form of a Pre-Funded Warrant attached as </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit A</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> hereto.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means $0.001 per share of Common Stock.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Resale Registration Statement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the initial resale registration statement on Form S-3 (or other appropriate form if the Company is not then eligible to use Form S-3) filed by the Company pursuant to its obligations under the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated February 28, 2024, by and among the Company and other parties listed on the signature pages thereto.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Day</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Market</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:3.843%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer Agent</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 48 Wall Street, 22</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> Floor, New York, NY 10005, Attention:  Reorg Department, and an e-mail address of </font><font style="color:#002060;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">,</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:3.843%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">VWAP</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the &#x201c;Pink Sheets&#x201d; published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Agency Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means that certain warrant agency agreement, dated on or about the Initial Exercise Date, between the Company and the Warrant Agent.</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">3</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Agent</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Transfer Agent and any successor warrant agent of the Company.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means this Warrant and other warrants to purchase Common Stock issued by the Company in the offering in which this Warrant was issued.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Section 2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">a)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company (with a copy to the Warrant Agent (or such other office or agency that the Company may designate by notice in writing to the registered Holder at the address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company)) of a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notice of Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Share Delivery Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares (or, in the event that this Warrant is exercised for Pre-Funded Warrants, the Exercise Price minus the Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price) specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier&#x2019;s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, and to the extent a physical copy is issued to the Holder, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants purchased.  The Holder and the Warrant Agent shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if issued in restricted book-entry form, will contain a customary legend to the effect that the Warrant Shares are not registered under the Securities Act.  </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.</font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">4</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:6.286%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:5.87%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:1.1389326390451395%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">b)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $4.906, subject to adjustment hereunder (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  In the event this Warrant is exercised for Pre-Funded Warrants, the exercise price per Pre-Funded Warrant under this Warrant shall be $4.905, which represents the Exercise Price minus the Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price, subject to adjustment hereunder.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">c)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Cashless Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If at any time or times after the earlier of (x) 120 days following the date of issuance of this Warrant or (y) the effectiveness of the Resale Registration Statement, and on or before the Termination Date, there is no effective registration statement registering the Warrant Shares, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at any time by means of a &#x201c;cashless exercise&#x201d; in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares (but not Pre-Funded Warrants) equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</font></div></div>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-6.122%;padding-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> (A) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; (as defined in Rule 600(b)(68) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder&#x2019;s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on such Trading Day;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-8.333%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-8.333%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-8.333%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-7.209%;padding-left:5.84%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the characteristics of the Warrants being exercised, if applicable, and the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked on to the holding period of this Warrant.  The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-7.209%;padding-left:5.84%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:25.065%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:0;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.447854807499834%;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">d)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Mechanics of Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">5</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:6.833%;font-size:0;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:5.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.17125%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">i.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder&#x2019;s or its designee&#x2019;s balance account with The Depository Trust Company (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">DTC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">DWAC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner of sale restrictions pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act and this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by electronic book entry by the Transfer Agent, registered in the Transfer Agent&#x2019;s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, and, in the case of each of (i) and (iii), subject to the Company&#x2019;s receipt of the aggregate Exercise Price (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Share Delivery Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise.  If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date and the Exercise Price has been paid in full (other than in the case of a cashless exercise), the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable.  As used herein, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Standard Settlement Period</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&#x2019;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.</font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">6</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:6.167%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:4.935%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.8312500000000003%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">ii.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of Pre-Funded Warrants Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If this Warrant is being exercised for Pre-Funded Warrants, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent to issue by electronic book entry, registered in the Warrant Agent&#x2019;s register in the name of the Holder or its designee,  Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which this Warrant is being exercised by the date that is the latest of (i) five (5) Business Days after delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) five (5) Business Days after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price minus the Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Funded Warrant Delivery Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:5.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:4.269%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.6637500000000003%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">iii.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of the Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:5.5%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:4.398%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.5025%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">iv.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Rescission Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares or the Company fails to transmit to the Holder the Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) or Section 2(d)(ii), as applicable, by the Warrant Share Delivery Date or the Pre-Funded Warrant Delivery Date, as applicable, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise, and the Company shall return all consideration paid by the Holder for such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants, as applicable, upon such rescission. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be required to make any cash payments to the Holder in lieu of issuance of the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:6.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:5.065%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.6687499999999997%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">v.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Warrant Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder&#x2019;s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Buy-In</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder&#x2019;s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">7</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:5.065%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder (pursuant to notice to be sent by the Holder to the Company within ten (10) days following the Warrant Share Delivery Date; if such notice is not provided by that date, the Company shall instead have the right to decide), either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder&#x2019;s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company&#x2019;s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:5.5%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:4.398%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.5025%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">vi.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Fractional Shares or Scrip</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  No fractional shares, warrants, or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant.  As to any fraction of a share or warrant which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price, or Exercise Price minus the Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price, as applicable, or round up to the next whole share.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:4.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.731%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.33625%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">vii.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Charges, Taxes and Expenses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Issuance of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, that in the event that Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto.  The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">8</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.731%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:4%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.204%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.995%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">viii.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Closing of Books</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:25.065%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.447854807499834%;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">e)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Holder&#x2019;s Exercise Limitations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise (except in the case of an exercise for Pre-Funded Warrants), to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder&#x2019;s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&#x2019;s Affiliates (such Persons, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Attribution Parties</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).  For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties.  Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith.   To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder&#x2019;s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">9</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:25.065%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.447854807499834%;visibility:hidden;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;"></font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. To ensure compliance with this restriction, each Holder will be deemed to represent to the Company each time it delivers a Notice of Exercise that such Notice of Exercise has not violated the restrictions set forth in this paragraph, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination.  In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.  For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company&#x2019;s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.  Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two (2) Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.  In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported.  The &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Beneficial Ownership Limitation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall be [4.99][9.99][19.99]% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant.  The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may decrease, and subsequently increase or decrease, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 19.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply.  Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">st</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> day after such notice is delivered to the Company.  The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">10</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:25.065%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.447854807499834%;visibility:hidden;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;"></font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Section 3</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Adjustments</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">a)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Stock Dividends and Splits</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged.  Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re&#x2011;classification.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">b)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Reserved.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">c)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Subsequent Rights Offerings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Purchase Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, to the extent that the Holder&#x2019;s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent, if practicable, shall instead be paid by the Company through the Company&#x2019;s issuance to the Holder of Pre-Funded Warrants, and otherwise shall be held in </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">11</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">d)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pro Rata Distributions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Distribution</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, to the extent that the Holder's right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall, if practicable, instead be paid by the Company through the Company&#x2019;s issuance to the Holder of Pre-Funded Warrants, and otherwise shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).  </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">e)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Fundamental Transaction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, in which the Company is not the surviving entity and in which the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such merger or consolidation do not own, directly or indirectly, at least 50% of the voting power of the surviving entity immediately after such merger or consolidation (excluding a merger effected solely to change the Company&#x2019;s name), (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (other than as a result of a subdivision or combination of shares of Common Stock covered by Section 3(a) above), or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">12</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Fundamental Transaction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Alternate Consideration</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction that is within the control of the Company, including having received approval by the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction (excluding (x) transactions in which a Successor Entity (as defined below) whose common stock is quoted or listed on a Trading Market assumes this Warrant such that the Warrant shall be exercisable for the publicly traded common stock of such Successor Entity, and (y) other than with respect to asset transactions covered by subsection (ii) above, transactions in which the Persons beneficially owning 50% or more of the Company prior to the transaction continue to hold 50% or more the Company after the transaction, provided in such case the Warrant is exercisable for the capital stock owned by such Persons), the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder&#x2019;s option, exercisable concurrently with, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company&#x2019;s control, including not approved by the Company&#x2019;s board of directors, the Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity, the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">13</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock of the Successor Entity (which entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Black Scholes Value</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the &#x201c;OV&#x201d; function on Bloomberg determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1) the 30-day volatility, (2) the 100 day volatility or (3) the 365-day volatility, each of clauses (1)-(3) as obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365-day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder&#x2019;s request pursuant to this Section 3(e), (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five (5) Business Days of the Holder&#x2019;s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Successor Entity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant, and in lieu of any cash payment, a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term &#x201c;Company&#x201d; under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant referring to the &#x201c;Company&#x201d; shall refer instead to</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">14</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(e) while this Warrant is outstanding and exercisable. For the further avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall not be entitled to receive more than one of (i) the consideration receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, (ii) an amount of cash (or other type or form of consideration as provided in this Section 3(e)) equal to the Black Scholes Value of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant as calculated pursuant this Section 3(e), or (iii) the assumption by the Successor Entity of all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the option to receive a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">f)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Calculations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:0;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">g)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notice to Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:6.833%;font-size:0;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:5.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.17125%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">i.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Adjustment to Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or e-mail a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment. </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:6.167%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:4.935%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.8312500000000003%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">ii.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">15</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:20%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:4.935%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">by facsimile or e-mail to the Holder at its last facsimile number or e-mail address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register (as defined below) of the Company, at least 10 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice.  To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.  The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Section 4</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">a)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transferability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set for in Section 4(d) hereof, this Warrant and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent (if issued in physical form), together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer.  Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall cause the Warrant Agent to issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full.  The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new Holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants without having a new Warrant issued.  </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">16</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">b)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">New Warrants.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof to the Company and the Warrant Agent, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney.  Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants issuable pursuant thereto. </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">c)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Register</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Warrant Agent shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Register</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time.  The Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">d)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer Restrictions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, as the case may be, to deliver a legal opinion of counsel to the transferor to the effect that the transfer is pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or pursuant to an available exemption from, or is a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act and is in accordance with applicable state securities laws.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:7.463%;text-indent:6.34%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:5.87%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.1871143434518086%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">e)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Representation by the Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Section 5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Miscellaneous</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">a)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.  </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">b)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company or the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">17</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares or any Pre-Funded Warrants, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate or Pre-Funded Warrant, if mutilated, the Company will cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate or Pre-Funded Warrant of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate or Pre-Funded Warrant.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">c)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day or Trading Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day or Trading Day, as the case may be.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">d)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Authorized Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></div></div>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:15.385%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant.  The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant.  The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed.  The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">18</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">e)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Governing Law</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">f)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Restrictions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">g)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Nonwaiver and Expenses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&#x2019;s rights, powers or remedies.  Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">19</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">h)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notices</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 22722 29th Drive, SE, Suite 100, Bothell, Washington 98012, Attention: Senior Paralegal, e-mail address: , or such other e-mail address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section 5(h) prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section 5(h) on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.  </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">i)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Limitation of Liability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">j)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Remedies</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant.  The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">k)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Successors and Assigns</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.  The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants.</font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">20</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">l)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Amendment</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holders or the beneficial owners of Warrants representing 67% of the Warrant Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants issuable under the Warrants then-outstanding as of the date such consent is sought, on the other hand. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Holder relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Holders shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Holder.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">m)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Severability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">n)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Headings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">o)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Agency Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Warrant is issued subject to the Warrant Agency Agreement.  To the extent any provision of this Warrant conflicts with the express provisions of the Warrant Agency Agreement, the provisions of this Warrant shall govern and be controlling.</font></div></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">********************</font></p>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">(Signature Page Follows)</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">21</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:13.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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    <td style="padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">By:__________________________________________</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Name:</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Title:</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:9pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">22</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">NOTICE OF EXERCISE</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="text-transform:uppercase;color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">To:	achieve life sciences, inc.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:13.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:13.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.8%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(1)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ [Warrant Shares][Pre-Funded Warrants] of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:13.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:13.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.8%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(2)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):</font></div></div>
  <p style="margin-left:20%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[  ] in lawful money of the United States; or</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:20%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[  ] if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:13.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:12pt;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:13.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.8%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(3)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Please issue said [Warrant Shares][Pre-Funded Warrants] in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</font></div></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">			_______________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">			</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">If permitted by the terms of the Warrant, the Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">			_______________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">			</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">			_______________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">			</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">			_______________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="text-indent:13.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:0;min-width:13.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.8%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(4)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The undersigned is an &#x201c;accredited investor&#x201d; as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</font></div></div>
  <p style="margin-left:13.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="text-transform:uppercase;color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Investing Entity: ________________________________________________________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">: _________________________________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Date: ________________________________________________________________________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;">&#160;</p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">ASSIGNMENT FORM</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:1.947%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information.  Do not use this form to purchase shares.)</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:1.947%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to</font></p>
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    <td style="padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Name:</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">(Please Print)</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Address:</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">(Please Print)</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">______________________________________</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">______________________________________</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Holder&#x2019;s Signature:</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-left:0.078in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.078in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:30pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT A</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Form of Pre-Funded Warrant</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE &#x201c;SECURITIES ACT&#x201d;), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares: _______</font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Initial Exercise Date:</font></p></td>
   </tr>
  </table>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">THIS PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the date hereof (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Initial Exercise Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) until this Warrant is exercised in full (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Termination Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), up to ______ shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one Warrant Share shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Section 1</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Definitions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Securities Purchase Agreement (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Purchase Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), dated February 28, 2024, among the Company and the purchasers signatory thereto.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Section 2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">a) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company (with a copy to the Warrant Agent (or such other office or agency that the Company may designate by notice in writing to the registered Holder at the address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company)) of a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notice of Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). Within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier&#x2019;s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, and to the extent a physical copy is issued to the Holder, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Warrant Agent shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if issued in restricted book entry form, will contain a customary legend to the effect that the Warrant Shares are not registered under the Securities Act. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">b) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.001 per Warrant Share, was pre-funded to the Company on or prior to the Initial Exercise Date and, consequently, no additional consideration</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(other than the nominal exercise price of $0.001 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by the Holder to any Person to effect any exercise of this Warrant. The Holder shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise price under any circumstance or for any reason whatsoever, including in the event this Warrant shall not have been exercised prior to the Termination Date. The remaining unpaid exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $0.001, subject to adjustment hereunder (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">c) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Cashless Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. This Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a &#x201c;cashless exercise&#x201d; in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</font></p>
  <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
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    <td style="width:9%;"></td>
    <td style="width:4%;"></td>
    <td style="width:87%;"></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">(A)</font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">= as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder&#x2019;s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on such Trading Day;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">(B)</font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">= the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and</font></p></td>
   </tr>
   <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">(X)</font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">= the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
   </tr>
  </table>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the  characteristics of the Warrants being exercised, and, if applicable, the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked on to the holding period of this Warrant. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Bid Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">VWAP</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">d) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Mechanics of Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">i. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder&#x2019;s or its designee&#x2019;s balance account with The Depository Trust Company (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">DTC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">DWAC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner of sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act and this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by electronic book entry by the Transfer Agent, registered in the Transfer Agent&#x2019;s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, and, in the case of each of (i) and (iii), subject to the Company&#x2019;s receipt of the aggregate Exercise Price (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Share Delivery Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Standard Settlement Period</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&#x2019;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">ii. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of the Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">iii. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Rescission Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise and the Company shall return all consideration paid by the Holder for such Warrant Shares upon such rescission. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be required to make any cash payments to the Holder in lieu of issuance of the Warrant Shares.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">iv. 	[</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Reserved</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">].</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">v. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Fractional Shares or Scrip</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">vi. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Charges, Taxes and Expenses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">vii. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Closing of Books</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">e)	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Holder&#x2019;s Exercise Limitations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder&#x2019;s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&#x2019;s Affiliates (such Persons, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Attribution Parties</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder&#x2019;s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. To ensure compliance with this restriction, each Holder will be deemed to represent to the Company each time it delivers a Notice of Exercise that such Notice of Exercise has not violated the restrictions set forth in this paragraph, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company&#x2019;s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two (2) Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Beneficial Ownership Limitation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall be [4.99][9.99][19.99]% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 19.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Section 3</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Adjustments</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">a) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Stock Dividends and Splits</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">b)	[</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Reserved</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">].</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">c) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Subsequent Rights Offerings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Purchase Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, to the extent that the Holder&#x2019;s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">d) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pro Rata Distributions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Distribution</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, to the extent that the Holder&#x2019;s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">e) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Fundamental Transaction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, in which the Company is not the surviving entity and in which the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such merger or consolidation do not own, directly or indirectly, at least 50% of the voting power of the surviving entity immediately after such merger or consolidation (excluding a merger effected solely to change the Company&#x2019;s name), (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (other than as a result of a subdivision or combination of shares of Common Stock covered by Section 2(a) above), or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Fundamental Transaction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Alternate Consideration</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction that is within the control of the Company, including having received approval by the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Successor Entity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant, in lieu of cash payment, a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term &#x201c;Company&#x201d; under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant referring to the &#x201c;Company&#x201d; shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">f) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Calculations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">g) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notice to Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">i.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Adjustment to Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no Warrant Share or share of the Company shall be issued for a price that is less than the par value of such share.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">ii.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register (as defined below) of the Company, at least 10 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Section 4</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">a) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transferability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set for in Section 4(d) hereof, this Warrant and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent (if issued in physical form), together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall cause the Warrant Agent to issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new Holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">b) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">New Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof to the Company and the Warrant Agent, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">c) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Register</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Warrant Agent shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Register</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">d)	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer Restrictions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, as the case may be, to deliver a legal opinion of counsel to the transferor to the effect that the transfer is pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or pursuant to an available exemption from, or is a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act and is in accordance with applicable state securities laws.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">e) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Representation by the Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Section 5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Miscellaneous</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">a) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">b) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company or the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">c) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day or Trading Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day or Trading Day, as the case may be.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">d) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Authorized Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue). Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant. Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">e) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Governing Law</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">f) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Restrictions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">g) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Nonwaiver and Expenses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&#x2019;s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">h) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notices</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 22722 29th Drive, SE, Suite 100, Seattle, Washington 98021, Attention: Senior Paralegal, e-mail address: [     ], or such other e-mail address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section 5(h) prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section 5(h) on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">i) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Limitation of Liability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">j) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Remedies</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">k) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Successors and Assigns</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of the Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">l) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Amendment</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holders or the beneficial owners of Warrants representing 67% of the Warrant Shares issuable under the Warrants then-outstanding as of the date such consent is sought, on the other hand.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">m) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Severability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">n)	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Headings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">o)	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Agency Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Warrant is issued subject to the Warrant Agency Agreement.  To the extent any provision of this Warrant conflicts with the express provisions of the Warrant Agency Agreement, the provisions of this Warrant shall govern and be controlling.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">********************</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">(Signature Page Follows)</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">By:</font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Name: John Bencich</font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Title: Chief Executive Officer</font></p></td>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">NOTICE OF EXERCISE</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">TO:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[  ] in lawful money of the United States; or</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[  ] if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">____________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">If permitted by the terms of the Warrant, the Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">____________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">____________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">____________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(4) The undersigned is an &#x201c;accredited investor&#x201d; as defined in Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Investing Entity: _______________________________________________________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">: _________________________________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Authorized Signatory: ___________________________________________________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Title of Authorized Signatory: ____________________________________________________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Date: ________________________________________________________________________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.4in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">ASSIGNMENT FORM</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to:</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <table style="margin-left:auto;border-spacing:0;table-layout:fixed;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;margin-right:auto;">
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Name:</font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">(Please Print)</font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Address:</font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">(Please Print)</font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Phone Number:</font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Email Address:</font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    <td style="vertical-align:top;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>achv-ex5_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
<TEXT>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:36pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 5.1</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:36pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">February 28, 2024</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0.05pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">22722 29th Drive SE, Suite 100<br>Bothell, WA 98021</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">As counsel to Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), we deliver this opinion with respect to certain matters in connection with the offering by the Company of up to 13,086,151 shares (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) issued pursuant to that certain Securities Purchase Agreement (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Purchase Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), dated as of February 28, 2024 by and between the Company and the purchasers identified on the signature pages thereto. The Shares were registered pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-261811) filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Commission</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) on December 21, 2021 and declared effective on January 5, 2022 (the registration statement at the time it was declared effective, including the documents or portions thereof incorporated by reference therein, as modified or superseded as described therein, and the information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Registration Statement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) under the Securities Act, including the prospectus dated January 5, 2022 included therein (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Base Prospectus</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) as supplemented by the final prospectus supplement dated February 28, 2024, filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus Supplement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; and, together with the Base Prospectus, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). The offering of the Shares by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Purchase Agreement is referred to herein as the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Offering</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.&#x201d; This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related Prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Shares.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">As to matters of fact relevant to the opinions rendered herein, we have examined such documents, certificates and other instruments which we have deemed necessary or advisable, including a certificate addressed to us and dated the date hereof executed by the Company. We have not undertaken any independent investigation to verify the accuracy of any such information, representations or warranties or to determine the existence or absence of any fact, and no inference as to our knowledge of the existence or absence of any fact should be drawn from our representation of the Company or the rendering of the opinions set forth below. We have not considered parol evidence in connection with any of the agreements or instruments reviewed by us in connection with this letter.</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">In our examination of documents for purposes of this letter, we have assumed, and express no opinion as to, the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures on original documents, the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, that each document is what it purports to be, the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies or facsimile copies, the absence of any termination, modification or waiver of or amendment to any document reviewed by us (other than as has been disclosed to us), the legal competence or capacity of all persons or entities (other than the Company) executing the same and (other than the Company) the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents by each party thereto. We have also assumed the conformity of the documents filed with the Commission via the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">EDGAR</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), except for required EDGAR formatting changes, to physical copies submitted for our examination.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The opinion in this letter is limited to the existing General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware now in effect (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Applicable Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). We express no opinion with respect to any other laws.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We express no opinion regarding the effectiveness of any waiver or stay, extension or of unknown future rights. Further, we express no opinion regarding the effect of provisions relating to indemnification, exculpation or contribution to the extent such provisions may be held unenforceable as contrary to federal or state securities laws or public policy.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the qualifications and exceptions contained herein, we are of the opinion that the Shares, when issued, sold and delivered in the manner and for the consideration stated in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and in accordance with the resolutions adopted by the Company&#x2019;s board of directors and the pricing committee thereof, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">We consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Report on Form 8-K to be filed by the Company with the Commission in connection with the offering of the Shares and further consent to all references to us, if any, in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any amendments thereto. In giving this consent we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:36pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">[Concluding Paragraph Follows on Next Page]</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">This opinion is intended solely for use in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares subject to the Registration Statement and is not to be relied upon for any other purpose. In providing this letter, we are opining only as to the specific legal issues expressly set forth above, and no opinion shall be inferred as to any other matter or matters. This opinion is rendered on, and speaks only as of, the date of this letter first written above, is based solely on our understanding of facts in existence as of such date after the aforementioned examination and does not address any potential changes in facts, circumstance or law that may occur after the date of this opinion letter. We assume no obligation to advise you of any fact, circumstance, event or change in the law or the facts that may hereafter be brought to our attention, whether or not such occurrence would affect or modify any of the opinions expressed herein.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:40%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Very truly yours,</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:40%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:40%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">/s/ Fenwick &amp; West LLP____________________</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:40%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">FENWICK &amp; WEST LLP</font></p>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-10.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>achv-ex10_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-10.1
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  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="text-transform:uppercase;color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 10.1</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="text-transform:uppercase;color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">This Securities Purchase Agreement (this &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) is dated as of February 28, 2024, between Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Purchaser</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; and collectively the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Purchasers</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to (i) an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (as defined below) as to the Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants and (ii) an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulation D thereunder as to the Common Warrants, the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:</font></p>
  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.533%;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">ARTICLE I.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"><br>DEFINITIONS</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">1.1</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> Definitions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:</font></div></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#ff0000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">		</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Acquiring Person</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Action</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Affiliate</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Board of Directors</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the board of directors of the Company.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Business Day</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Closing</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Shares and Warrants pursuant to Section 2.1.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the respective Purchasers&#x2019; obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company&#x2019;s obligations to deliver the Shares and Warrants, in each case, have been</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">1</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="min-height:1in;"></div>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second (2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">) Trading Day following the date hereof.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Commission</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock Equivalents</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Common Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, collectively, the Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, in the form of </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit A-2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> attached hereto.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Common Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Company Counsel</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Fenwick &amp; West LLP with offices located at 401 Union Street, 5th Floor, Seattle, Washington 98101.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Disclosure Time</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) and before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agents, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight (New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agents.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Evaluation Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exchange Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exempt Issuance</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the issuance of (a) Common Stock, restricted share units or options to employees, consultants, officers, or directors of the Company pursuant to any equity plan in existence duly adopted for such purpose by, or shares of Common Stock or options to employees, officers or consultants pursuant to an inducement grant approved by, a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose, in each case for services rendered to the Company, (b) Common Stock upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into Common Stock pursuant to terms of existing agreements or instruments that are</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">2</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="min-height:1in;"></div>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">outstanding as of the date of this Agreement and the filing of any registration statement and amendments thereto that are required in connection an issuance pursuant to this clause (b), provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities or to extend the term of such securities (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any anti-dilution adjustments expressly provided for in the terms of such securities as of the date of this Agreement), (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company or pursuant to a private placement transaction, provided that, in any case, such securities are issued as &#x201c;restricted securities&#x201d; (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith during the prohibition period in Section 4.11(a) herein and, with solely respect to acquisitions or strategic transactions noted in this clause (c), provided that such issuance shall only be to a Person in the same industry as the Company or in a business synergistic with the business of the Company, and (d) securities that may be issued or become issuable pursuant to a definitive loan or security agreement between the Company and Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First Citizens Bank &amp; Trust Company.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">FCPA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">GAAP</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Indebtedness</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Intellectual Property Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Legend Removal Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.1(c).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Liens</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Material Adverse Effect</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(b).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Material Permits</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, collectively, the pre-funded Common Stock purchase warrants issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Per Share Purchase Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; equals $4.585, subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement, provided that the purchase price per Pre-Funded Warrant shall be the Per Share Purchase Price minus $0.001.</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">3</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="min-height:1in;"></div>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Person</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pharmaceutical Product</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(hh).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Placement Agents</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC and JonesTrading Institutional Services, LLC.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Funded Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, collectively, the pre-funded Common Stock purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, in the form of Exhibit A-1 attached hereto.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Funded Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Proceeding</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus Supplement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with the Commission and delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at the Closing.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Purchaser Party</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Registration Statement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the effective registration statement with Commission (File No. 333-261811) which registers the sale of the Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares to the Purchasers, and includes any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Required Approvals</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Rule 144</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Rule 424</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">4</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="min-height:1in;"></div>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Rule 462(b) Registration Statement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering additional securities, which was filed with the Commission on or prior to the date hereof and became automatically effective pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">SEC Reports</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Shares, the Warrants and the Warrant Shares.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the shares of Common Stock issued or issuable to each Purchaser pursuant to this Agreement.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Short Sales</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means all &#x201c;short sales&#x201d; as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing shares of Common Stock).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Subscription Amount</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants (if applicable) and Common Warrants purchased hereunder as specified below such Purchaser&#x2019;s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading &#x201c;Subscription Amount,&#x201d; in United States dollars and in immediately available funds (excluding for the avoidance of doubt, if applicable, a Purchaser&#x2019;s aggregate exercise price of the Pre-Funded Warrants, which amounts shall be paid as and when such Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised for cash).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Subsidiary</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Schedule 3.1(a)</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Sullivan</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Sullivan &amp; Worcester LLP with offices located at 1633 Broadway, New York, New York 10019.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Day</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Market</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, the Pink Open Market, OTCQB or the OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transaction Disclosure Documents</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4.</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">5</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transaction Documents</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means this Agreement, the Warrants, all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer Agent</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 48 Wall Street, 22</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> Floor, New York, NY 10005, Attention:  Reorg Department, and an e-mail address of </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[     ]</font><font style="color:#002060;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">,</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, collectively, the Common Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Agent</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 48 Wall Street, 22</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> Floor, New York, NY 10005, Attention:  Reorg Department, and an e-mail address of </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[     ]</font><font style="color:#002060;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">,</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> and any successor warrant agent of the Company.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Common Warrant Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares and the Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares.</font></p>
  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.533%;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">ARTICLE II.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"><br>PURCHASE AND SALE</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">2.1</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Closing</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly,  agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of $60,000,002.335 of Shares and Common Warrants; provided, however, that to the extent that a Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser (together with such Purchaser&#x2019;s Affiliates, and any Person acting as a group together with such Purchaser or any of such Purchaser&#x2019;s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, or as such Purchaser may otherwise choose, in lieu of purchasing Shares, such Purchaser may elect, by so indicating such election prior to their issuance, to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants in lieu of Shares in such manner to result in the same aggregate purchase price being paid by such Purchaser to the Company. The &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Beneficial Ownership Limitation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall be 4.99% (or, with respect to each Purchaser, at the election of such Purchaser at Closing, 9.99% or 19.99%) of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Shares on the Closing Date. In each case, the election to receive Pre-Funded Warrants is solely at the option of the Purchaser. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall take place remotely by electronic transfer of the Closing documentation. Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agents, settlement of the Shares shall occur via &#x201c;Delivery Versus Payment&#x201d; (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">DVP</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) (i.e., on the Closing Date, the Company shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers&#x2019; names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the account(s) at the Placement Agents identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agents shall promptly electronically deliver such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agents (or their respective clearing firm) by wire transfer to the Company or its designee), and the Company shall deliver the Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants registered in the name of </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">6</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">the applicable Purchaser through the Warrant Agent via DRS book-entry procedure; provided, however, that for those Purchasers electing &#x201c;Company Escrow Settlement&#x201d; on the signature pages hereto, such Purchasers shall wire their respective Subscription Amount in immediately available funds to the account specified in writing by the Company within the time period required in Section 2.2(b) below, and on the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver the Shares registered in the name of the applicable Purchaser through the Transfer Agent via DRS book-entry procedure or, if elected by such Purchaser, otherwise via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">DWAC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) for the account of the applicable Purchaser. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the time of execution of this Agreement by the Company and an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to the Closing (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Settlement Period</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), such Purchaser sells to any Person all, or any portion, of the Shares or Warrants to be issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Settlement Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), such Purchaser shall, automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions by such Purchaser or the Company) be deemed to be unconditionally bound to purchase and the Company shall be deemed unconditionally bound to sell, such Pre-Settlement Securities at the Closing; provided, that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement Securities to such Purchaser prior to the Company&#x2019;s receipt of the purchase price of such Pre-Settlement Securities hereunder; and provided further that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that the forgoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period such Purchaser shall sell any securities to any Person and that any such decision to sell any securities by such Purchaser shall solely be made at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any such sale, if any.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">2.2</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Deliveries</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(a)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">On or prior to the Closing Date (except as indicated below), the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(i)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">this Agreement duly executed by the Company;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(ii)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">a legal opinion of Company Counsel, substantially in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Placement Agents; </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(iii)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">subject to the last sentence of Section 2.1, the Company shall have provided each Purchaser with the Company&#x2019;s wire instructions, on Company letterhead and executed by the Chief Executive Officer or Principal Accounting Officer;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(iv)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">subject to the last sentence of Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via DRS book-entry procedure or DWAC, as elected by the Purchaser on the signature page hereto, the Shares equal to such Purchaser&#x2019;s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price;</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(v)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">if applicable, for each Purchaser of Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to Section 2.1, subject to the last sentence of Section 2.1, a Pre-Funded Warrant registered in book-entry form in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">7</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">number of shares of Common Stock equal to the portion of such Purchaser&#x2019;s Subscription Amount applicable to Pre-Funded Warrants divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, with an exercise price equal to $0.001 per share of Common Stock, subject to adjustment therein;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(vi)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">subject to the last sentence of Section 2.1, a Common Warrant registered in book-entry form in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of shares of Common Stock equal to 100% of the sum of such Purchaser&#x2019;s Shares and Pre-Funded Warrant Shares, with an exercise price equal to $4.906, subject to adjustment as specified therein; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(vii)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(b)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">On or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, the following:</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(i)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(ii)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">such Purchaser&#x2019;s Subscription Amount, which shall be (i) funded to the Company no later than close of business on March 1, 2024 and held in escrow by the Company prior to Closing or (ii) made available for DVP settlement with the Company or its designee, in each case, as specified on the signature page hereto.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">2.3</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Conditions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">(a)	The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing with respect to each Purchaser are subject to the following conditions being met:</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(i)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of such Purchaser contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) as of such date); </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(ii)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">all obligations, covenants and agreements of such Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(iii)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">the delivery by such Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(b)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(i)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">8</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate in all material respects or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) as of such date);</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(ii)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(iii)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement; </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(iv)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.0772958565543975%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(v)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company&#x2019;s principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.</font></div></div>
  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.533%;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">ARTICLE III.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"><br>REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">3.1</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Representations and Warranties of the Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except as explicitly described in the SEC Reports, which descriptions shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the SEC Reports, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser:</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(a)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Subsidiaries</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth in the SEC Reports.  The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.  If the Company has no subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(a)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Organization and Qualification</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">9</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents.  Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company&#x2019;s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Material Adverse Effect</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(b)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Authorization; Enforcement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder.  The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company&#x2019;s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals.  This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&#x2019; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(c)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Conflicts</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company&#x2019;s or any Subsidiary&#x2019;s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">10</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(d)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Filings, Consents and Approvals</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, (iii) application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares and Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, and (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Required Approvals</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(e)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Issuance of the Securities; Registration</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company.  The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company.  The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement and the Warrants. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement, which became effective on January 5, 2022 (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Effective Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, including the Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement.  The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission.  The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus Supplement with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b).  At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">11</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company is eligible to use Form S-3 under the </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> and it meets the requirements as set forth in General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(f)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Capitalization</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth in the SEC Reports.  The Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee or director stock options under the Company&#x2019;s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees or directors pursuant to the Company&#x2019;s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act.  No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.  There are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary.  The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers). Except as set forth in the Prospectus Supplement, there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary.  There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or &#x201c;phantom stock&#x201d; plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.  No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities.  There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company&#x2019;s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company&#x2019;s stockholders.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(g)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">SEC Reports; Financial Statements</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the 12 months preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">12</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">SEC Reports</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension.  As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company has never been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing.  Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">GAAP</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(h)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as set forth in the SEC Reports or Prospectus Supplement, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company&#x2019;s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans.  The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information.  Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth in the SEC Report or Prospectus Supplement, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(i)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Litigation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">13</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Action</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty.  There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company.  The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(j)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Labor Relations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.  None of the Company&#x2019;s or its Subsidiaries&#x2019; employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee&#x2019;s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good.  To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters.  The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(k)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Compliance</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(l)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Environmental Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.	The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">14</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Hazardous Materials</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Environmental Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(m)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Regulatory Permits</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Material Permits</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(n)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Title to Assets</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties.  Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(o)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Intellectual Property</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Intellectual Property Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  None of, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">15</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to not have a Material Adverse Effect.  To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights.  The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(p)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Insurance</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(q)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transactions With Affiliates and Employees</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  None of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(r)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date.  The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&#x2019;s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&#x2019;s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">16</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&#x2019;s rules and forms.  The Company&#x2019;s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Evaluation Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date.  Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(s)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Fees</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except for fees payable by the Company to the Placement Agents, no brokerage or finder&#x2019;s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.  The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(t)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Investment Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an &#x201c;investment company&#x201d; within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.  The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an &#x201c;investment company&#x201d; subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(u)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Registration Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(v)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Listing and Maintenance Requirements</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration.  The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">17</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(w)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Application of Takeover Protections</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti&#x2011;takeover provision under the Company&#x2019;s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company&#x2019;s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers&#x2019; ownership of the Securities.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(x)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Disclosure</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement.   The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.  All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the 12 months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading.  The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(y)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Integrated Offering</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers&#x2019; representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of (i) the Securities Act which would require the registration of the Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares under the Securities Act, or (ii) any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(z)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Solvency</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">18</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company&#x2019;s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company&#x2019;s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company&#x2019;s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid.  The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt).  The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date.  The SEC Reports set forth all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments.  For the purposes of this Agreement, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Indebtedness</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(aa)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Tax Status</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply.  There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(bb)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Foreign Corrupt Practices</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">19</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(cc)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Accountants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company&#x2019;s accounting firm is PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.  To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm (i) is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company&#x2019;s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023.	</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(dd)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers&#x2019; Purchase of Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm&#x2019;s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby.  The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers&#x2019; purchase of the Securities.  The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company&#x2019;s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(ee)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers&#x2019; Trading Activity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or &#x201c;derivative&#x201d; securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term; (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or &#x201c;derivative&#x201d; transactions, before or after the closing of this or future private placement transactions, may negatively impact the market price of the Company&#x2019;s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in &#x201c;derivative&#x201d; transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a &#x201c;short&#x201d; position in the Common Stock, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm&#x2019;s length counter-party in any &#x201c;derivative&#x201d; transaction.  The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value of the Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders' equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted.  The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.</font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">20</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(ff)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Regulation M Compliance</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agents in connection with the placement of the Securities.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(gg)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">FDA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">FDA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">FDCA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) that is manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pharmaceutical Product</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration, investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, good clinical practices, product listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect.  There is no pending, completed or, to the Company's knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests the premarket clearance, licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests the recall, suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating to, any Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into a consent decree of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws, rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect.  The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA.  The Company has not been informed by the FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed, produced or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any material concern as to the ultimate approval or clearance for marketing any product being developed or proposed to be developed by the Company.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(hh)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Cybersecurity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (i)(x) There has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company&#x2019;s or any Subsidiary&#x2019;s information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">21</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">IT Systems and Data</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(ii)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Stock Option Plans</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company&#x2019;s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance with the terms of the Company&#x2019;s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted under the Company&#x2019;s stock option plan has been backdated.  The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(jj)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Office of Foreign Assets Control</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company  or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">OFAC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(kk)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser&#x2019;s request.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(ll)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Bank Holding Company Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">BHCA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Federal Reserve</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.  Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.</font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">22</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(mm)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Money Laundering</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Money Laundering Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(nn)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Private Placement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers&#x2019; representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, no registration under the Securities Act is required for the offer and sale of the Common Warrants, the Common Warrant Shares, the Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or the Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares by the Company to the Purchasers as contemplated hereby.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(oo)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No General Solicitation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Neither the Company nor any Person acting on behalf of the Company has offered or sold any of the Common Warrants, the Common Warrant Shares, the Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or the Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares by any form of general solicitation or general advertising.  The Company has offered the Common Warrants,  Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares for sale only to the Purchasers and certain other &#x201c;accredited investors&#x201d; within the meaning of Rule 501 under the Securities Act.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(pp)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Disqualification Events</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  With respect to the Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule 506 under the Securities Act, none of the Company, any of its predecessors, any affiliated issuer, any director, executive officer, other officer of the Company participating in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company&#x2019;s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Issuer Covered Person</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) is subject to any of the &#x201c;Bad Actor&#x201d; disqualifications described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i) to (viii) under the Securities Act (a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Disqualification Event</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3). The Company has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event. The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under Rule 506(e), and has furnished to the Purchasers a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(qq)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Other Covered Persons</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Other than the Placement Agents, the Company is not aware of any person (other than any Issuer Covered Person) that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of any Securities.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(rr)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notice of Disqualification Events</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company will notify the Purchasers in writing, prior to the Closing Date of (i) any Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person and (ii) any event that would, with the passage of time, reasonably be </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">23</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="min-height:1in;"></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">expected to become a Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person, in each case of which it is aware.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">3.2</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(a)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Organization; Authority</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser.  Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&#x2019; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(b)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Understandings or Arrangements</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser&#x2019;s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).  Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business. Such Purchaser understands that the Common Warrants, the Common Warrant Shares, the Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and the Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares are &#x201c;restricted securities&#x201d; and have not been registered under the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and is acquiring such Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares as principal for his, her or its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Common Warrants, the Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law (this representation and warranty not </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">24</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">limiting such Purchaser&#x2019;s right to sell such Securities pursuant to a registration statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:6.935%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.1863102049308227%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(c)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Purchaser Status</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, an &#x201c;accredited investor&#x201d; as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7), (a)(8), (a)(9), (a)(12), or (a)(13) under the Securities Act and/or meets the definition of &#x201c;qualified institutional buyer&#x201d; as defined in Rule 144A(a)(1) under the Securities Act and, and is not an entity formed for the sole purpose of acquiring the Securities (it being understood that the issuance of the Securities is being made in reliance on Section 4(2) or Regulation D, and not Rule 144A), in either case which such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters as are necessary in order to evaluate the merits and risks of an investment in the Securities.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(d)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Experience of Such Purchaser</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment.  Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(e)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Access to Information</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment.  Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agents nor any Affiliate of either of the Placement Agents has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Securities nor is such information or advice necessary or desired.  Neither the Placement Agents nor any Affiliate has made or makes any representation as to the Company or the quality of the Securities and the Placement Agents and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it.  In connection with the issuance of the Securities to such Purchaser, neither the Placement Agents nor any of its respective Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(f)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Transactions and Confidentiality</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material pricing terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">25</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">prior to the execution hereof.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser&#x2019;s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser&#x2019;s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.  Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser&#x2019;s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(g)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Reliance on Exemption</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Such Purchaser understands that certain of the Securities are being offered and sold to it in reliance on specific exemptions from the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws and that the Company is relying in part upon the truth and accuracy of, and such Purchaser&#x2019;s compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of such Purchaser set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of such Purchaser to acquire such Securities.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(h)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">General Solicitation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Such Purchaser is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any seminar or, to the knowledge of such Purchaser, any other general solicitation or general advertisement.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(i)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Governmental Review</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Such Purchaser understands that no United States agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities or the fairness or suitability of the investment in the Securities nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Securities.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(j)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Intention to Effect a Change of Control</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Such Purchaser has no present intent to effect a &#x201c;change of control&#x201d; of the Company as such term is understood under the rules promulgated pursuant to Section 13(d) of the 1934 Act and under the rules of Nasdaq Stock Market. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser&#x2019;s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(k)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Rule 506 Disqualifying Activities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. If such Purchaser is an Issuer Covered Person, such Purchaser has not taken any of the actions set forth in, and is not subject to, any Disqualification Events.</font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">26</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:3.87%;text-indent:9.848%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:9.463%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.993238323104129%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(l)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Restrictions on Transfer and Resale</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Such Purchaser understands that: (i) the Common Stock Warrants, Common Stock Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act or any U.S. state or non-U.S. securities laws; (ii) such Purchaser agrees that if it decides to offer, sell or otherwise transfer any of the Common Stock Warrants, Common Stock Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares, such Securities may be offered, sold or otherwise transferred only: (A) pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act; (B) to the Company; (C) pursuant to offers and sales that occur in an &#x201c;offshore transaction&#x201d; within the meaning of Regulation S under the Securities Act and in compliance with local laws; or (D) within the United States (1) in accordance with the exemption from registration under the Securities Act provided by Rule 144 thereunder, when available, or (2) in any other transaction that does not require registration under the Securities Act.</font></div></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser&#x2019;s right to rely on the Company&#x2019;s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.</font></p>
  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.533%;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">ARTICLE IV.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"><br>OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES</font></div></div>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">4.1 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Removal of Legends</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:8.398%;text-indent:7.278%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.350363529180585%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(a)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws.  In connection with any transfer of Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company or to an Affiliate of a Purchaser or in connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section 4.1(b), the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such transferred Common Warrant or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant under the Securities Act. </font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:8.398%;text-indent:7.278%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:3.350363529180585%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(b)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> The Purchasers agree to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 4.1, of a legend on any of the Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares in the following form:</font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">27</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <p style="margin-left:8.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES FOR WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAVE BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE &#x201c;SECURITIES ACT&#x201d;), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Company acknowledges and agrees that a Purchaser may from time to time pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered broker-dealer or grant a security interest in some or all of the Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares to a financial institution that is an &#x201c;accredited investor&#x201d; as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and, if required under the terms of such arrangement, such Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares to the pledgees or secured parties.  Such a pledge or transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel of the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith.  Further, no notice shall be required of such pledge.  At the appropriate Purchaser&#x2019;s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee or secured party of Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares.</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(c)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Certificates evidencing the Common Warrant Shares or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b) hereof): (i) while a registration statement covering the resale of such security is effective under the Securities Act, or (ii) following any sale of such Common Warrant Shares or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Common Warrants), or (iii) if such Common Warrant Shares or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares are eligible for sale under Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Common Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants), or (iv) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission). The Company shall cause its counsel to issue a legal opinion to the Transfer Agent or the Purchaser promptly if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the legend hereunder, or if requested by a Purchaser, respectively.  If all or any portion of a Common </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">28</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the resale of the Common Warrant Shares or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares, or if such Common Warrant Shares or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares may be sold under Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Common Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants) or if such legend is not otherwise required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission) then such Common Warrant Shares or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants shall be issued free of all legends.  The Company agrees that following such time as such legend is no longer required under this Section 4.1(c), the Company will, no later than the earlier of (i) two (2) Trading Days and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined below) following the delivery by a Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing Common Warrant Shares or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares, as applicable, issued with a restrictive legend (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Legend Removal Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), deliver or cause to be delivered to such Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends.  The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 4. Common Warrant Shares or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Purchaser by crediting the account of the Purchaser&#x2019;s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed by such Purchaser.  As used herein, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Standard Settlement Period</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&#x2019;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of a certificate representing Common Warrant Shares or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares issued with a restrictive legend.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(d)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">The Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants shall be issued free of legends.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.2</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Furnishing of Information</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Until the earlier of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) the Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.  </font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.3</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Integration</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Warrants or Warrant Shares or that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction. </font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.4</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act (such press release </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">29</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">and Current Report on Form 8-K, together, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Transaction Disclosure Documents</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agents, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.  In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agents, on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate and be of no further force or effect. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or without the prior consent of each Purchaser, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market regulations, in which case the Company shall provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b) and reasonably cooperate with such Purchaser regarding such disclosure.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.5</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Shareholder Rights Plan</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser is an &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Acquiring Person</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.6</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Non-Public Information</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.   Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, and any additional material, non-public information that is contained in the Transaction Disclosure Documents or the Prospectus, the Company represents, warrants, covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided nor will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, unless prior thereto such Purchaser shall have consented in writing to the receipt of such information and agreed in writing with the Company to keep such information confidential.  The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">30</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">in securities of the Company.  To the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser&#x2019;s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agents, or a duty to the Company any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates or agents, including, without limitation, the Placement Agent, not to trade on the basis of, such material non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice required to be delivered pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall obtain consent in writing from the Purchaser or its agent or counsel to receipt of such material, non-public information prior to delivering such notice to the Purchaser; provided that, if the Purchaser shall not provide such written consent, the Company shall either (i) indicate to the Purchaser that such notice is unable to be provided or (ii) to the extent practicable, provide such notice without any material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries.  The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.7</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Use of Proceeds</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for working capital purposes as described in the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company&#x2019;s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company&#x2019;s business and prior practices), (b) for the redemption of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.8</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;" id="ole_link2"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Indemnification of Purchasers</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.   </font><font id="ole_link1"></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Purchaser Party</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable and documented attorneys&#x2019; fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is solely based upon a material breach of such  Purchaser Party&#x2019;s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser Party may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser Party of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">31</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct.  If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and, the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party.  Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel.  The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company&#x2019;s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party&#x2019;s breach of any of the representations, other Transaction Documents.  The indemnification required by this Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation or defense, as and when bills are received or are incurred.  The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.9</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Reservation of Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">   </font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.10</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Listing of Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible.  The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all material respects with the Company&#x2019;s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market.  The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.11</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Subsequent Equity Sales</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">32</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(a)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">From the date hereof until (90) days after the Closing Date, unless otherwise waived by the Purchasers, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall (i) issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or (ii) file any registration statement or amendment or supplement thereto, other than the registration statement pursuant to Section 4.18 below or the Prospectus Supplement.</font></div></div>
  <div style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:5.14287551026968%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(b)</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.11 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance.   </font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.12</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[Reserved].</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.13</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Equal Treatment of Purchasers</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  No consideration (including any modification of this Agreement) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to this Agreement.  For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.14</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Transactions and Confidentiality</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales of any of the Company&#x2019;s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4.  Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction (other than as disclosed to its legal and other representatives).  Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, Affiliates, or agent, including, without limitation, the Placement Agents, after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.4.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser&#x2019;s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser&#x2019;s assets, the </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">33</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.15</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[Reserved].</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.16</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise Procedures</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants.  No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants.  Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required in order to exercise the Warrants.  The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.17</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Form D; Blue Sky Filings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company agrees to timely file a Form D with respect to the Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares as required under Regulation D and to provide a copy thereof, promptly upon request of any Purchaser. The Company shall take such action as the Company shall reasonably determine is necessary in order to obtain an exemption for, or to qualify the Common Warrants, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares for, sale to the Purchasers at the Closing under applicable securities or &#x201c;Blue Sky&#x201d; laws of the states of the United States, and shall provide evidence of such actions promptly upon request of any Purchaser.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">4.18</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Registration Statement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  As soon as practicable (and in any event within the earlier of (i) two Trading Days of the Company&#x2019;s filing of its definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A for its 2024 annual stockholders meeting and (ii) sixty (60) days following the date of this Agreement), the Company shall file a registration statement on Form S-3 (or other appropriate form if the Company is not then S-3 eligible) providing for the resale by the Purchasers of the Common Warrant Shares and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares issued and issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants and Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants, respectively.  In connection therewith, each Purchaser shall provide to the Company a completed selling stockholder questionnaire no later than five Trading Days prior to such initial filing date. The Company shall use reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective within 30 days following the initial filing date and to keep such registration statement effective at all times until the earlier of (x) the time at which no Purchaser owns any Common Warrants or Common Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise thereof or any Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise thereof or (y) the time at which the Common Warrant, Common Warrant Shares, Milestone Pre-Funded Warrants or Milestone Pre-Funded Warrant Shares become eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions and without current public information required pursuant to Rule 144.</font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">34</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:4.533%;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">ARTICLE V.</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"><br>MISCELLANEOUS</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.1</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Termination</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser&#x2019;s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth (5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">th</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">) Trading Day following the date hereof; </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.2</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Fees and Expenses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.    Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement.  The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser), stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.3</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Entire Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.4</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Notices</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.  The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.5</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Amendments; Waivers</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers holding at least 50.1% in interest of the Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants outstanding at the time of such waiver, modification, supplement or amendment based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder (or, prior to the Closing, the Company and each Purchaser) or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required.  No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">35</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Purchasers shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.6</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Headings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.7</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Successors and Assigns</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.  The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger).  Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the &#x201c;Purchasers.&#x201d;</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.8</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">No Third-Party Beneficiaries</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Placement Agents shall each be the third party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of the Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2.  This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8 and this Section 5.8.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.9</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Governing Law</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof.  Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York.  Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding.  Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof.  Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">36</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">law.   If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.10</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Survival</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.11</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Execution</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart.  In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery of a &#x201c;.pdf&#x201d; format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such &#x201c;.pdf&#x201d; signature page were an original thereof.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.12</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Severability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.13</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Rescission and Withdrawal Right</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">, that, in the case of a rescission of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any shares of Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrants subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser&#x2019;s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser&#x2019;s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.14</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Replacement of Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction.  The applicant for a new </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">37</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="min-height:1in;"></div>
  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.15</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Remedies</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents.  The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.16</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Payment Set Aside</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.17</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Independent Nature of Purchasers&#x2019; Obligations and Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document.  Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.  Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose.  Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents.  For reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through Sullivan.  Sullivan does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agents.  The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers.  It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.18</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Liquidated Damages</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company&#x2019;s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts </font></div></div>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">38</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.19</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">	If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.20</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Construction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.</font></div></div>
  <div style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:2.4%;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">5.21</font><div style="width:100%;display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">.  </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY. </font></div></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">(Signature Pages Follow)</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">39</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
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    <td style="padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="text-transform:uppercase;color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">Address for Notice:</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">By:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline;min-width:fit-content;">_/s/ John Bencich </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">____________________________</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Name: John Bencich</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Title: Chief Executive Officer</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">E-Mail: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;min-width:fit-content;">[     ]</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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    <td style="padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Amanda Rose; Chelsea Anderson</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">Fenwick &amp; West LLP</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
    <td style="padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;min-width:fit-content;">[     ]</font></p></td>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]</font></p>
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  <p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:24pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Purchaser: ________________________________________________________</font></p>
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  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Email Address of Authorized Signatory: _________________________________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Address for Notice to Purchaser:</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Address for Delivery of securities to Purchaser (if not same as address for notice):</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Subscription Amount: $_________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Settlement Election:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">                      DVP Settlement  </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Wingdings',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#xf06f;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Wingdings',serif;min-width:fit-content;">	   </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Company Escrow Settlement </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Wingdings',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#xf06f;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Shares: _________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Funded Warrants: _______________ 	Beneficial Ownership Blocker:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:33.333%;text-indent:10%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> 4.99% or </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> 9.99% or </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> 19.99%</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">Common Warrants: _____________  	Beneficial Ownership Blocker:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:33.333%;text-indent:10%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> 4.99% or </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> 9.99% or </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> 19.99%</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">EIN Number: ____________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">If &#x201c;Company Escrow Settlement&#x201d; Selected and Shares are to be delivered via DWAC: Purchaser DTC Account: ___________________</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;" id="ole_link13"><font id="ole_link14"></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Wingdings',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#xf06f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">  Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed to purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the Company to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii) the Closing shall occur on the second (2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:6.7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii) any condition to Closing contemplated by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead be</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;min-width:fit-content;">[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]</font></p></div>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>5
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<DESCRIPTION>EX-99.1
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="margin-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 99.1</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:16pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences Announces Pricing of up to $124.2 Million Registered Direct Offering and Concurrent Private Placement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:16pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">$60 million financing upfront with up to an additional $64.2 million tied to exercise of milestone-driven warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Upfront net proceeds to provide funds to conduct clinical development of cytisinicline through New Drug Application submission expected in 1H 2025, including the ORCA-OL trial</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="margin-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;font-style:italic;min-width:fit-content;">Aggregate net proceeds (assuming exercise of all milestone-driven warrants) expected to be sufficient to fund cytisinicline development through potential FDA approval</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">SEATTLE, Wash. and VANCOUVER, British Columbia, February 29, 2024 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">-- Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: ACHV), a late-stage pharmaceutical company committed to the global development and commercialization of cytisinicline for smoking cessation and nicotine dependence, today announced that it has entered into a securities purchase agreement with new and existing investors to raise up to approximately $124.2 million in gross proceeds that includes initial upfront funding of $60.0 million and up to an additional approximately $64.2 million upon exercise of milestone-driven warrants.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">The financing includes participation from healthcare-dedicated investors, including Propel Bio Partners LLC, Nantahala Capital, and a large, life sciences-dedicated investor. The financing also includes participation from strategic investor Sopharma and certain members of the company&#x2019;s management team and board of directors.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC and JonesTrading Institutional Services, LLC are acting as joint placement agents for the registered direct offering and concurrent private placement.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">The purchase and sale will be completed, in part, via a registered direct offering of 13,086,151 shares of common stock at a price of $4.585 per share. In a concurrent private placement, the company will issue unregistered warrants to purchase up to 13,086,151 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $4.906 per share (provided, however, that the purchaser may elect to exercise the warrants for pre-funded warrants in lieu of shares of common stock at an exercise price of  $4.906, minus $0.001, the exercise price of each pre-funded warrant). These warrants will be immediately exercisable for shares of common stock or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof, and will expire on the earlier of (i) three and one-half years following the date of issuance and (ii) 30 days following Achieve&#x2019;s public disclosure of the acceptance of a New Drug Application (NDA) for cytisinicline by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in a Day 74 Letter or equivalent correspondence.</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">The registered direct offering and the concurrent private placement are each expected to close on or about March 4, 2024, subject to customary closing conditions. The aggregate gross proceeds from the issuance of common stock in the registered direct offering are expected to be approximately $60.0 million, prior to deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses. The company intends to use the proceeds from the offering to fund clinical development of cytisinicline through NDA submission, expected in 1H 2025, including the ORCA-OL clinical trial, to fund other cytisinicline related research and clinical development activities and for working capital and general corporate purposes. If the milestone-driven warrants issued in the private placement are exercised in full, the company would receive $64.2 million in additional proceeds. The company expects that the net proceeds from the registered direct offering and concurrent private placement, assuming the exercise of all of the milestone-driven warrants, will be sufficient to fund its development of cytisinicline into 2026 and through potential FDA approval.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">The shares of common stock are being offered pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-261811), which was declared effective by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (&#x201c;SEC&#x201d;) on January 5, 2022.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:9pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">The milestone-driven warrants being issued in the private placement, along with the securities underlying such milestone-driven warrants, are being offered in a private placement under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;Securities Act&#x201d;), and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder and have not been registered under the Securities Act, or applicable state securities laws. Accordingly, the milestone-driven warrants and underlying securities may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and such applicable state securities laws.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:2.4pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities of Achieve, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of such state or jurisdiction. A prospectus supplement relating to the registered shares of common stock will be filed by the company with the SEC. When available, copies of the prospectus supplement, together with the accompanying prospectus, can be obtained at the SEC&#x2019;s website at www.sec.gov or from Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC, Prospectus Department, 920 Second Avenue South, Suite 700, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55402 or by email at </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">info@lakestreetcm.com</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> or JonesTrading Institutional Services, LLC, Attention: Equity Capital Markets, 325 Hudson Street, 6th Floor New York, New York 10013; email: ecm@jonestrading.com.</font></p>
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  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">About Achieve and Cytisinicline&#x202f;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve&#x2019;s focus is to address the global smoking health and nicotine addiction epidemic through the development and commercialization of cytisinicline. There are an estimated 28 million adults in the United States alone who smoke combustible cigarettes.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">1</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> Tobacco use is currently the leading cause of preventable death that is responsible for more than eight million deaths worldwide and nearly half a million deaths in the United States annually.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">2,3</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> More than 87% of lung cancer deaths, 61% of all pulmonary disease deaths, and 32% of all deaths from coronary heart disease are attributable to smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">3</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">In addition, there are over 11 million adults in the United States who use e-cigarettes, also known as vaping.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">3</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x202f;In 2023, approximately 2.1 million middle and high school students in the United States reported using e-cigarettes.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">4</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> Currently, there are no FDA-approved treatments indicated specifically as an aid to nicotine e-cigarette cessation.&#x202f;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Cytisinicline is a plant-based alkaloid with a high binding affinity to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. It is believed to aid in treating nicotine addiction for smoking and e-cigarette cessation by interacting with nicotine receptors in the brain, reducing the severity of withdrawal symptoms, and reducing the reward and satisfaction associated with nicotine products. Cytisinicline is an investigational product candidate being developed for the treatment of nicotine addiction and has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for any indication in the United States.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Forward Looking Statements</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the &#x201c;safe harbor&#x201d; provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to, statements regarding the completion of the offering, the expected net proceeds of the offering, the expected net proceeds upon exercise of the warrants, the intended use of the proceeds of the offering and the expected sufficiency of such proceeds to fund the development of cytisinicline through potential FDA approval. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. Achieve may not actually achieve its plans or product development goals in a timely manner, if at all, or otherwise carry out its intentions or meet its expectations or projections disclosed in these forward-looking statements. These statements are based on management&#x2019;s current expectations and beliefs and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, including, among others, risks regarding Achieve&#x2019;s ability to satisfy closing conditions related to the offering; risks related to market conditions; the risk that cytisinicline may not demonstrate the hypothesized or expected benefits; the risk that Achieve may not be able to obtain additional financing to fund the development of cytisinicline; the risk that cytisinicline will</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;min-height:1in;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">not receive regulatory approval or be successfully commercialized; the risk that new developments in the smoking cessation landscape require changes in business strategy or clinical development plans; the risk that Achieve&#x2019;s intellectual property may not be adequately protected; general business and economic conditions; risks related to the impact on Achieve&#x2019;s business of macroeconomic conditions, including inflation, rising interest rates, instability in the global banking sector, and public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and the other factors described in the risk factors set forth in Achieve&#x2019;s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time, including Achieve&#x2019;s Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Achieve undertakes no obligation to update the forward-looking statements contained herein or to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date hereof, other than as may be required by applicable law.</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Investor Relations Contact</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#x202f;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Nicole Jones<br></font><font><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">achv@cg.capital</font></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">(404) 736-3838</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Media Contact</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Glenn Silver</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Glenn.Silver@Finnpartners.com</font></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">(646) 871-8485</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p>
  <p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">References</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">1</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Cornelius ME, Loretan CG, Jamal A, et al. Tobacco Product Use Among Adults &#x2013; United States, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:475&#x2013;483.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">3</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking &#x2013; 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General, 2014.</font></p>
  <p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">4</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Cambria',serif;min-width:fit-content;">Birdsey J, Cornelius M, Jamal A, et al. Tobacco Product Use Among U.S. Middle and High School Students &#x2014; National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:1173&#x2013;1182.</font></p>
  <div style="flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>achv-20240228.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA WITH EMBEDDED LINKBASES DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2024-02-29T16:28:49.7232+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2024 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20240228" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" xmlns:enum2="http://xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:achv="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20240228" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023"/>
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        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#domain-member" xlink:type="simple"/>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#hypercube-dimension" xlink:type="simple"/>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20240228/taxonomy/role/Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:href="achv-20240228.xsd#Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="simple"/>
        <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:title="labelLink" xlink:type="extended">
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_OtherAddressMember" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType"/>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Information [Table]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Information</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Address Type [Domain]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Trading Symbol</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Trading Symbol</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Soliciting Material</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Soliciting Material</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Written Communications</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Written Communications</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Principal Address</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Other Address [Member]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Period End Date</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Period End Date</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Local Phone Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Local Phone Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">City Area Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">City Area Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Information [Line Items]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Information:</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Cover</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Amendment Flag</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Amendment Flag</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Securities Act File Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity File Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Addresses, Address Type [Axis]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Type</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Type</link:label>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherAddressMember" xlink:to="dei_OtherAddressMember_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl"/>
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          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="13" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="14" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="15" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="16" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="17" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="18" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="19" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="20" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="21" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="22" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol" priority="2" use="optional"/>
          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="23" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName" priority="2" use="optional"/>
        </link:definitionLink>
      </link:linkbase>
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
</xsd:schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.0.1</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm140507593761200">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Feb. 28, 2024</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Feb. 28,  2024<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000949858<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">033-80623<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">95-4343413<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">22722 29th Drive SE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Bothell<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">WA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">98021<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">604<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">210-2217<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">ACHV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_OtherAddressMember', window );">Principal Address</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">1040 West Georgia<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 1030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Vancouver<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">BC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">V6E 4H1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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