<SEC-DOCUMENT>0000950170-25-091055.txt : 20250627
<SEC-HEADER>0000950170-25-091055.hdr.sgml : 20250627
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250627172832
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0000950170-25-091055
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		18
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250626
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250627
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250627

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000949858
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	IN VITRO & IN VIVO DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES [2835]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				954343413
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	033-80623
		FILM NUMBER:		251088059

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021
		BUSINESS PHONE:		425-686-1500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		22722 29TH DR. SE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 100
		CITY:			SEATTLE
		STATE:			WA
		ZIP:			98021

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	ONCOGENEX PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20080821

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	SONUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19950825
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>achv-20250626.htm
<DESCRIPTION>8-K
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Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Washington, D.C. 20549</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="padding-bottom:1pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FORM </span><span style="font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_ebc54152-164d-49c9-ae98-59cb0e584760" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:DocumentType"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">8-K</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span 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style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:3pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span 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     <td colspan="3" style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:22.917%;text-align:center;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="F_b22e5eb3-6e47-4a32-8c0f-8bcac6af1cb6" contextRef="C_368a4d04-bdaa-4ac6-a234-3fa95afa3d71" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">1040 West Georgia</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </span><span><ix:nonNumeric id="F_1d23cdf3-40ee-49ae-bb2b-fbe18bd5fb6e" contextRef="C_368a4d04-bdaa-4ac6-a234-3fa95afa3d71" name="dei:EntityAddressAddressLine2"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Suite 1030</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;margin-right:22.917%;text-align:center;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="F_eae4d414-3d00-4640-9a2f-90ca5d87e272" contextRef="C_368a4d04-bdaa-4ac6-a234-3fa95afa3d71" name="dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Vancouver</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </span><span><ix:nonNumeric id="F_03a5281c-31ca-4d13-a2d8-5941aacf1dcd" contextRef="C_368a4d04-bdaa-4ac6-a234-3fa95afa3d71" name="dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">BC</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </span><span><ix:nonNumeric id="F_b1801fb6-9820-42af-a806-53e8e5dd0424" contextRef="C_368a4d04-bdaa-4ac6-a234-3fa95afa3d71" name="dei:EntityAddressCountry" format="ixt-sec:countrynameen"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Canada</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="F_3c6c5b00-09b6-40fd-af74-4f90fb4403bf" contextRef="C_368a4d04-bdaa-4ac6-a234-3fa95afa3d71" name="dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">V6E 4H1</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td colspan="3" style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:22.917%;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(Address of Principal Executive Offices)</span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:8pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(Zip Code)</span></p></td>
    </tr>
   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Registrant&#8217;s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_74588ee1-f8bb-48a6-bf23-c25b0ab58b03" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:CityAreaCode"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">604</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">) </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_9108f415-dfcf-4dae-9623-77252bd018c8" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:LocalPhoneNumber"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">210-2217</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">N/A</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="padding-bottom:1pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:1pt solid #000000;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
   <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:70.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
    <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
     <td style="width:3.04%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     <td style="width:96.96%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_10561a8b-932f-4b14-9b52-4efcfbe31b66" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:WrittenCommunications" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    </tr>
   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
   <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:70.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
    <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
     <td style="width:3.04%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     <td style="width:96.96%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_b223d4ed-dad4-428e-8dd5-e877d971df5f" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    </tr>
   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
   <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:86.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
    <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
     <td style="width:2.46%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     <td style="width:97.54%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_111ff7b0-2774-480e-81dd-f80872466ac9" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    </tr>
   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
   <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:86.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
    <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
     <td style="width:2.48%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     <td style="width:97.52%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_5b3142d3-8593-4d46-9abb-05e51d83c42f" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
    </tr>
   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:3pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p>
   <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:96.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
    <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
     <td style="width:37.56%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     <td style="width:27.82%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
     <td style="width:34.62%;box-sizing:content-box;"/>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Title of each class</span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Symbol</span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Name of exchange on which registered</span></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:11pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:left;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="F_f3a79558-be4c-4dee-b9f1-d7b10e4a9589" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:Security12bTitle"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="F_20dc1745-5deb-4a70-9546-5dd327385604" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:TradingSymbol"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ACHV</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:11pt;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_14bf2e74-cdcd-4c20-8422-9bb1fc220073" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></p></td>
    </tr>
   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Emerging growth company  </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;"><ix:nonNumeric id="F_a183a9aa-a155-481f-82b2-68d88c30ae6b" contextRef="C_db90e6fb-4a05-4164-966a-45e31fde9189" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:3pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  </span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Segoe UI Symbol',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#9744;</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="padding-bottom:1pt;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:2.25pt double;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:0.5in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:16pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Item 1.01. Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:4.533%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">On June 26, 2025, Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (&#8220;Achieve&#8221;) entered into an underwriting agreement (the &#8220;Underwriting Agreement&#8221;) with Citizens JMP Securities, LLC and Raymond James &amp; Associates, Inc., as representatives of the underwriters named therein (the &#8220;Underwriters&#8221;), pursuant to which Achieve agreed to issue and sell to the Underwriters (i) 15,000,000 shares of its common stock (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) and (ii) accompanying common warrants (the &#8220;Accompanying Warrants&#8221;) to purchase up to 15,000,000 shares of its common stock (the &#8220;Warrant Shares&#8221;) (or pre-funded warrants to purchase shares of its common stock in lieu thereof (the &#8220;Pre-Funded Warrants&#8221;)) (such issuance and sale of securities, the &#8220;Offering&#8221;).</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:4.533%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Shares and Accompanying Warrants were sold collectively at the public offering price of $3.00 per Share and Accompanying Warrant, less underwriting discounts and commissions. Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, Achieve has also granted the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,250,000 Shares and/or up to an additional 2,250,000 Accompanying Warrants at the same public offering price per Share and Accompanying Warrant, less underwriting discounts and commissions.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:4.533%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Each Accompanying Warrant will be exercisable, at the purchaser&#8217;s election, for either</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares at an exercise price of $3.00 per share or for Pre-Funded Warrants at an exercise price of $2.999 per Pre-Funded Warrant. The Accompanying Warrants are exercisable any time after the date of issuance, subject to certain ownership limitations, and will expire on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance. A holder of Accompanying Warrants may not exercise the warrant if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.99% (the &#8220;Warrant Ownership Limitation&#8221;) of the number of shares of Achieve&#8217;s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. The Pre-Funded Warrants have an exercise price of $0.001 per share, will be immediately exercisable subject to certain ownership limitations, and have no expiration. A holder of Pre-Funded Warrants may not exercise the warrant if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own more than 9.99% (the &#8220;Pre-Funded Warrant Ownership Limitation&#8221; and, together with the Warrant Ownership Limitation, the &#8220;Ownership Limitation&#8221;) of the number of shares of Achieve&#8217;s common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. A holder of Accompanying Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants may increase or decrease the Ownership Limitation by providing at least 61 days&#8217; prior notice to Achieve.</span></p><p style="text-indent:4.533%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants, conditions to closing, termination provisions and indemnification obligations, including for liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</span></p><p style="text-indent:4.533%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Offering is being made pursuant to the shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-280585) that was filed by Achieve with the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;) on June 28, 2024, and declared effective by the SEC on July 8, 2024, and a related prospectus supplement.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:4.533%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve estimates that net proceeds from the Offering will be approximately $41.3 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated Offering expenses, and assuming no exercise of the Underwriters&#8217; option to purchase additional Shares and/or Accompanying Warrants. Achieve expects the Offering to close on June 30, 2025, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:4.533%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Underwriting Agreement is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and the foregoing description of the terms of the Underwriting Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit. The form of Accompanying Warrant (to which the form of Pre-Funded Warrant is an exhibit) is filed as Exhibit 4.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K, and the foregoing description of the terms of the Accompanying Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit. A copy of the opinion of Fenwick &amp; West LLP, relating to the validity of the securities to be issued and sold in the Offering, is filed with this Current Report on Form 8-K as Exhibit 5.1.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Item 8.01</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Other Events.</span></p><p style="text-indent:4.533%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">On June 26, 2025, Achieve issued a press release announcing that it had commenced the Offering. On June 26, 2025, Achieve issued a press release announcing that it had priced the Offering. Copies of these press releases are attached as Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 hereto, respectively, and the information contained therein is incorporated herein by reference.</span></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="text-indent:4.533%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:10pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p><p style="text-indent:3.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(d) 	Exhibits</span></p>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:1pt solid;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Description</span></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span><a href="achv-ex1_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Underwriting Agreement, dated June 26, 2025</span></a></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex4_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Form of Warrant</span></a></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex5_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Opinion of Fenwick &amp; West LLP</span></a></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex5_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Consent of Fenwick &amp; West LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)</span></a></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><a href="achv-ex99_1.htm"><span style="color:#0000ff;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Press Release, dated June 26, 2025</span></a></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)</span><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </span></p></td>
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   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">________________________</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:10pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Forward-Looking Statements</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">This Current Report on Form 8-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. Any statements contained herein that do not describe historical facts, including, but not limited to, statements regarding the expected closing date, net proceeds of the Offering and the anticipated use of proceeds of the Offering, are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in such forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, the risks identified in Achieve&#8217;s filings with the SEC, including its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2025, filed with the SEC on May 13, 2025, the prospectus supplement related to the Offering, and subsequent filings with the SEC. Any of these risks and uncertainties could materially and adversely affect Achieve&#8217;s results of operations, which would, in turn, have a significant and adverse impact on Achieve&#8217;s stock price. Achieve cautions you not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. Achieve undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements to reflect new information, events or circumstances after the date they were made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">________________________</span></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;margin-right:6.667%;text-align:center;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">SIGNATURES</span></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.</span></p>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc..</span></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;text-align:right;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><span style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</span></p><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Date: June 27, 2025</span></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Mark Oki</span></p><p style="font-size:11pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><span style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Chief Financial Officer</span></p></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-1.1
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>achv-ex1_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-1.1
<TEXT>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 1.1</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">15,000,000 SHARES OF COMMON STOCK</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">AND</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">15,000,000 COMMON WARRANTS OF</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New 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Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Citizens JMP Securities, LLC</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">101 California Street, Suite 1700</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">San Francisco, CA 94111</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">And</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Raymond James &amp; Associates, Inc.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p 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being subsidiaries of Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), hereby confirms its agreement (this &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) with the several underwriters (such underwriters, including the Representatives (as defined below), the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Underwriters</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; and each an &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Underwriter</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) named in </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Schedule I</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> hereto for which Citizens JMP Securities, LLC and Raymond James &amp; Associates, Inc., are acting as representatives of the several Underwriters (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Representatives</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; and if there are no Underwriters other than the Representatives, references to multiple Underwriters shall be disregarded and the term Representatives as used herein shall have the same meaning as Underwriter) on the terms and conditions set forth herein.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">It is understood that the several Underwriters are to make a public offering of the Public Securities as soon as the Representatives deem it advisable to do so. The Public Securities are to be initially offered to the public at the public offering price set forth in the Prospectus Supplement.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">It is further understood that you will act as the Representatives for the Underwriters in the offering and sale of the Closing Securities, and, if any, the Option Securities, in accordance with this Agreement.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE I.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">DEFINITIONS</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">1.1 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Definitions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Action</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(k).</font></p><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Affiliate</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means with respect to any Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with such Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Board of Directors</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the board of directors of the Company.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Business Day</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to &#x201c;stay at home&#x201d;, &#x201c;shelter-in-place&#x201d;, &#x201c;non-essential employee&#x201d; or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Closing Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the hour and the date on the Trading Day on which all conditions precedent to (i) the Underwriters&#x2019; obligations to pay the Closing Purchase Price and (ii) the Company&#x2019;s obligations to deliver the Closing Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than 10:00 a.m. (New York City time) on the first (1st) Trading Day following the date hereof (or the second (2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">) Trading Day following the date hereof if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) and before midnight (New York City time) on a Trading Day) or at such earlier time as shall be agreed upon by the Representatives and the Company.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Purchase Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(b), which aggregate purchase price shall be net of the underwriting discounts and commissions.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(a)(iii).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(a)(i).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(a)(iii).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Commission</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock Equivalents</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the warrants to purchase either (i) Common Stock or (ii) pre-funded warrants to purchase Common Stock, at the option of the holder, delivered to the Underwriters in accordance with Section 2.1(a)(iii), which Common Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and have a term of exercise equal to five (5) years, in the form of </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit B</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> attached hereto.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Company Auditor</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Company Counsel</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Fenwick &amp; West LLP, with offices located at 401 Union Street, 5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:6.7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">th</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> Floor, Seattle, Washington 98101.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Effective Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(f).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">EGS</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Ellenoff Grossman &amp; Schole LLP, with offices located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10105.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exchange Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Execution Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall mean the date on which the parties execute and enter into this Agreement.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exempt Issuance</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the issuance of (a) shares of Common Stock, options, restricted stock units or other equity awards to employees, officers, directors or consultants of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan or other equity award plan, or as inducement awards in accordance with Nasdaq listing rules, duly adopted for such purpose by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, (b) securities issued upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities or to extend the term of such securities and (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as &#x201c;restricted securities&#x201d; (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith within 90 days following the Closing Date, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FCPA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FINRA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">GAAP</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Indebtedness</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means (a) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of $50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (b) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company&#x2019;s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (c) the present value of any lease payments in excess of $50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Liens</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Lock-Up Agreements</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the lock-up agreements that are delivered on the date hereof by each of the Company&#x2019;s officers and directors, in the form of </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit A</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> attached hereto.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Material Adverse Effect</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company&#x2019;s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document; provided that a change in the market price or trading volume of the Common Stock alone shall not be deemed, in and of itself, to constitute a Material Adverse Effect and adverse effects resulting solely from or relating solely to the following shall be not be taken into account in determining whether there has been a Material Adverse Effect, except, in the case of clauses (a), (b) and (d)</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">below, to the extent the impact of the event described therein has an adverse effect on the Company taken as a whole that is materially disproportionate to the Company taken as a whole compared to other companies operating in the same industry: (a) general economic conditions, or conditions in financial, banking or securities markets; (b) general conditions in the industry or any industry sector in which the Company operates or participates; (c) any natural disaster or any national or international political or social conditions or any act of terrorism, sabotage, military action or war or any escalation or worsening thereof or (d) any changes in applicable laws or governmental regulations or the interpretation thereof.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Offering</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.1(c).</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option Closing Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option Closing Purchase Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2, which aggregate purchase price shall be net of the underwriting discounts and commissions.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 2.2.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Person</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Preliminary Prospectus Supplement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the preliminary prospectus supplement to the Prospectus dated June 26, 2025 relating to the sale of the Securities complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with the Commission.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Proceeding</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the final base prospectus included in the Registration Statement, as filed with the Commission on June 28, 2024.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus Supplement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the final prospectus supplement to the Prospectus relating to the sale of the Securities complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with the Commission.</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Public Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; 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shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Rule 424</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Rule 462(b) Registration Statement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any registration statement prepared by the Company registering additional Public Securities, which was filed with the Commission on or prior to the date hereof and</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">became automatically effective pursuant to Rule 462(b) promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">SEC Reports</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(i).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Closing Securities, the Option Securities and the Warrant Shares.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">   </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, collectively, the shares of Common Stock delivered to the Underwriters in accordance with Section 2.1(a)(i).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Subsidiary</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any subsidiary of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Day</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Market</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Transaction Documents</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means this Agreement, the Warrants, the Warrant Agency Agreement, the Lock-Up Agreements, and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer Agent</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.902%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Agency Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the warrant agency agreement dated on or about the date hereof, among the Company and the Transfer Agent in the form of </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit C</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> attached hereto.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Common Warrants.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE II.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">PURCHASE AND SALE</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2.1 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(a) Upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell in the aggregate (i) 15,000,000 shares of Common Stock and (ii) Common Warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of Common Stock or pre-funded warrants to purchase Common Stock, and each Underwriter agrees to purchase, severally and not jointly, at the Closing, the following securities of the Company:</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:11.667%;text-indent:5.66%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(i) the number of shares of Common Stock (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Schedule I</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> hereof; and</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:11.667%;text-indent:5.66%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(ii) Common Warrants to purchase up to the number of shares of Common Stock, or pre-funded warrants to purchase Common Stock, set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter on </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Schedule I</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> hereof, which Common Warrants shall have an exercise price of $3.00, subject to adjustment as provided therein (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; and, collectively with the Closing Shares, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(b) The purchase price for one Share and one Common Warrant to purchase one Share or pre-funded warrant shall be $2.82 (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Combined Share Purchase Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), which shall be allocated as $2.81 per Share (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Share Purchase Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and $0.01 per Common Warrant (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common Warrant Purchase Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). The aggregate purchase price for the Closing Securities shall equal the amount payable by the Underwriters for the Closing Securities as set forth above (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Purchase Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;); and</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(c) On the Closing Date, the Representatives on behalf of the Underwriters shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company, via wire transfer, immediately available funds equal to the Closing Purchase Price and the Company shall deliver to, or as directed by, such Underwriter its respective Closing Securities and the Company shall deliver the other items required pursuant to Section 2.3 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.3 and 2.4, the Closing shall occur at the offices of EGS or such other location as the Company and Representatives shall mutually agree. The Public Securities are to be offered initially to the public at the offering price set forth on the cover page of the Prospectus Supplement (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Offering</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2.2 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option to Purchase Additional Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  For the purposes of covering any over-allotments in connection with the distribution and sale of the Closing Securities, the Representatives are hereby granted an option (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) to purchase, in the aggregate, up to 2,250,000 shares of Common Stock  (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and/or 2,250,000 Common Warrants to purchase up to 2,250,000 shares of Common Stock (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;, and, collectively with the Option Shares, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) which may be purchased in any combination of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants at the Share Purchase Price and/or the Common Warrant Purchase Price, respectively.</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">In connection with an exercise of the Option, (a) the purchase price to be paid for the Option Shares is equal to the product of the Share Purchase Price multiplied by the number of Option Shares to be purchased and (b) the purchase price to be paid for the Option Warrants is equal to the product of the Common Warrant Purchase Price multiplied by the number of Option Warrants to be purchased (the aggregate purchase price to be paid on an Option Closing Date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option Closing Purchase Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Option granted pursuant to this Section 2.2 may be exercised by the Representatives as to all (at any time) or any part (from time to time) of the Option Securities within 30 days after the Execution Date.  An Underwriter will not be under any obligation to purchase any Option Securities prior to the exercise of the Option by the Representatives.  The Option granted hereby may be exercised by the giving of oral notice to the Company from the Representatives, which must be confirmed in writing by overnight mail or electronic transmission setting forth the number of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants to be purchased and the date and time for delivery of and payment for the Option Securities (each, an &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Option Closing Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), which will not be later than one (1) full Business Day after the date of the notice or such other time as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representatives, at the offices of EGS</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">or at such other place (including remotely by electronic transmission) as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representatives. If such delivery and payment for the Option Securities does not occur on the Closing Date, each Option Closing Date will be as set forth in the notice. Upon exercise of the Option, the Company will become obligated to convey to the Underwriters, and, subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Underwriters will become obligated to purchase, the number of Option Shares and/or Option Warrants specified in such notice. The Representatives may cancel the Option at any time prior to the expiration of the Option by written notice to the Company.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2.3 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Deliveries</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Underwriter (if applicable) the following:</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(i) At the Closing Date, the Closing Shares and, as to each Option Closing Date, if any, the applicable Option Shares, which shares shall be delivered via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system for the accounts of the several Underwriters;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(ii) Reserved;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(iii) At the Closing Date, the Common Warrants and, as to each Option Closing Date, if any, the applicable Option Warrants, which warrants shall be delivered via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system for the accounts of the several Underwriters;</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(iv) At the Closing Date, a legal opinion of Company Counsel addressed to the Underwriters, including, without limitation, a negative assurance letter, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel to the Representatives, and as to each Option Closing Date, if any, a bringdown opinion from Company Counsel in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel to the Representatives;</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(v) At the Closing Date, a legal opinion of intellectual property legal counsel (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">IP Counsel</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) to the Company addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel to the Representatives, and as to each Option Closing Date, if any, a bringdown opinion from IP Counsel addressed to the Underwriters and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel to the Representatives;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(vi) Contemporaneously herewith, a cold comfort letter, addressed to the Underwriters and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory in all respects to counsel to the Representatives from the Company Auditor dated as of the date of this Agreement and a bring-down letter dated as of the Closing Date, and each Option Closing Date, if any;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(vii) At the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, the duly executed and delivered Officer&#x2019;s Certificate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel to the Representatives;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(viii) At the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, the duly executed and delivered Secretary&#x2019;s Certificate, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel to the Representatives;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(ix) At the Closing Date, the Warrant Agency Agreement duly executed by the parties thereto; and</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(x) Contemporaneously herewith, the duly executed and delivered Lock-Up Agreements.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2.4 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Conditions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The respective obligations of each Underwriter hereunder in connection with the Closing and each Option Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(i) the accuracy in all material respects when made and on the date in question (other than representations and warranties of the Company already qualified by materiality, which shall be true and correct in all respects) of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein);</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the date in question shall have been performed;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(iii) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.3 of this Agreement;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(iv) the Registration Statement shall be effective on the date of this Agreement and at each of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been instituted or shall be pending or contemplated by the Commission and any request on the part of the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representatives;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:5.357%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(v) Intentionally omitted;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(vi) the Company shall have filed an additional listing application for the Closing Shares, the Option Shares, and the Warrant Shares with the Trading Market; and</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(vii) prior to and on each of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any: (i) there shall have been no material adverse change or development involving a prospective material adverse change in the condition or prospects or the business activities, financial or otherwise, of the Company from the latest dates</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">as of which such condition is set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus Supplement; (ii) no action, suit or proceeding, at law or in equity, shall have been pending or threatened against the Company or any Affiliate of the Company before or by any court or federal or state commission, board or other administrative agency wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding may materially adversely affect the business, operations, prospects or financial condition or income of the Company, except as set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus Supplement; (iii) no stop order shall have been issued under the Securities Act and no proceedings therefor shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and (iv) the Registration Statement and the Prospectus Supplement and any amendments or supplements thereto shall contain all material statements which are required to be stated therein in accordance with the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and shall conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and neither the Registration Statement nor the Prospectus Supplement nor any amendment or supplement thereto shall contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE III.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3.1 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Representations and Warranties of the Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company represents and warrants to the Underwriters as of the Execution Date, as of the Closing Date, and as of each Option Closing Date, if any, as follows:</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(a) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Subsidiaries</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. All of the direct and indirect Subsidiaries of the Company are set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. If the Company has no Subsidiaries, all other references to the Subsidiaries or any of them in the Transaction Documents shall be disregarded.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(b) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Organization and Qualification</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(c) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Authorization; Enforcement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents to which the Company is a party and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company&#x2019;s stockholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which the Company is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors&#x2019; rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.</font></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(d) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">No Conflicts</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company&#x2019;s or any Subsidiary&#x2019;s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary pursuant to, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, anti-dilution or similar adjustments, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as would not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(e) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Filings, Consents and Approvals</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement, (ii) the filing of an additional listing application with the Trading Market and (iii) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Required Approvals</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(f) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Registration Statement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company has filed with the Commission the Registration Statement under the Securities Act, which became effective on July 8, 2024 (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Effective Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), for the registration of the securities covered thereby under the Securities Act. At the time of such filing, the Company met the requirements of Form S-3 under the Securities Act. The Registration Statement meets the requirements set forth in Rule 415(a)(1)(x) under the Securities Act and complies with said Rule, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement meets the requirements set forth in Rule 424(b) and the Prospectus Supplement will meet the requirements set forth in Rule 424(b). The Company is eligible to use Form S-3 under the Securities Act and it meets the transaction requirements as set forth in General Instruction I.B.1 of Form S-3. The Company has advised the Representatives of all further information (financial and other) with respect to the Company required to be set forth therein in the Registration Statement, Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and Prospectus Supplement. Any reference in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 which were filed under the Exchange Act, on or before the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be; and any reference in this Agreement to the terms &#x201c;amend,&#x201d; &#x201c;amendment&#x201d; or &#x201c;supplement&#x201d; with respect to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be, deemed to be incorporated therein by reference. All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is &#x201c;contained,&#x201d; &#x201c;included,&#x201d; &#x201c;described,&#x201d; &#x201c;referenced,&#x201d; &#x201c;set forth&#x201d; or &#x201c;stated&#x201d; in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement has been issued, and no proceeding for any such purpose is pending or has been initiated or, to the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, is threatened by the Commission. For purposes of this Agreement, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">free writing prospectus</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; has the meaning set forth in</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Rule 405 under the Securities Act. The Company will not, without the prior consent of the Representatives, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(g) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Issuance of Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement and the Warrants. The Securities are not and will not be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. All corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Securities has been duly and validly taken. The Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">conform in all material respects to all statements with respect thereto contained in the Registration Statement.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(h) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Capitalization</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The capitalization of the Company is as set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee or director stock options and settlement of restricted stock units under the Company&#x2019;s equity plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company&#x2019;s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as set forth in the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents or the capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Underwriters). Except as set forth in the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary with any provision that adjusts the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price of such security or instrument upon an issuance of securities by the Company or any Subsidiary. There are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or &#x201c;phantom stock&#x201d; plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. The authorized shares of the Company conform in all material respects to all statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus Supplement. The offers and sales of the Company&#x2019;s securities were at all relevant times either registered under the Securities Act and the applicable state securities or Blue Sky laws or, based in part on the representations and warranties of the purchasers, exempt from such registration requirements. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company&#x2019;s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company&#x2019;s stockholders.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(i) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">SEC Reports; Financial Statements</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the 12 months preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Registration Statement, Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">SEC Reports</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">GAAP</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus Supplement and the SEC Reports conform to the descriptions thereof contained therein and there are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder to be described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus Supplement or the SEC Reports or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement, that have not been so described or filed. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party or by which it is bound or affected and (i) that is referred to in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus Supplement or the SEC Reports, or (ii) is material to the Company&#x2019;s business, has been duly authorized and validly executed by the Company, is in full force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, the other parties thereto, in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors&#x2019; rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefore may be brought. None of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the best of the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, any other party is in default thereunder and, to the best of the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder. To the best of the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, performance by the Company of the material provisions of such agreements or instruments will not result in a material violation of any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any governmental agency or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its assets or businesses, including, without limitation, those relating to environmental laws and regulations.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(j) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or the Prospectus Supplement, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company&#x2019;s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock, (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans and (vi) no officer or director of the Company has resigned from any position with the Company. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement, no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(k) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Litigation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Except as described in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and Prospectus Supplement, there is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Action</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities or (ii) would, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(l) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Labor Relations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. No labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company&#x2019;s or its Subsidiaries&#x2019; employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee&#x2019;s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(m) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Compliance</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(n) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Regulatory Permits</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (each, a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Material Permit</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(o) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Title to Assets</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to, or have valid and marketable rights to lease or otherwise use, all real property and all personal property that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP, and the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(p) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Intellectual Property</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to do so would have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Intellectual Property Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the Intellectual Property Rights violate or infringe upon the rights of any Person, except as would not have or reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(q) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Insurance</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(r) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Transactions With Affiliates and Employees</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from, any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of $120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(s) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&#x2019;s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&#x2019;s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&#x2019;s rules and forms. The Company&#x2019;s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Evaluation Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(t) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Fees</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Except as set forth in the Prospectus Supplement, no brokerage or finder&#x2019;s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company, any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. To the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, there are no other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company or, to the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, any of its stockholders that may affect the Underwriters&#x2019; compensation, as determined by FINRA. The Company has not made any direct or indirect payments in connection with the offering of Securities (in cash, securities or otherwise) to: (i) any person, as a finder&#x2019;s fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii) any FINRA member; or (iii) any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member, within the twelve months prior to the Execution Date. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or its affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(u) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Investment Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities will not be or be an Affiliate of, an &#x201c;investment company&#x201d; within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an &#x201c;investment company&#x201d; subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(v) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Registration Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. No Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(w) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Listing and Maintenance Requirements</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. The Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. The Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. The Common Stock is currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(x) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Application of Takeover Protections</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti&#x2011;takeover provision under the Company&#x2019;s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable as a result of the Underwriters and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(y) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Disclosure; 10b-5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Registration Statement contains all exhibits and schedules as required by the Securities Act. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, if any, at the</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">time it became effective, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations under the Securities Act and did not and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus, Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and Prospectus Supplement, each as of its respective date, comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations. Each of the Prospectus, Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and Prospectus Supplement, as amended or supplemented, did not and will not contain as of the date thereof any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The SEC Reports, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations, and none of such documents, when they were filed with the Commission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein (with respect to the SEC Reports incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or Prospectus Supplement), in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, Preliminary Prospectus Supplement or Prospectus Supplement, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading. No post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement reflecting any facts or events arising after the date thereof which represent, individually or in the aggregate, a fundamental change in the information set forth therein is required to be filed with the Commission. There are no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection with the transaction contemplated hereby that (x) have not been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y) will not be filed within the requisite time period. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, Prospectus or Prospectus Supplement, or to be filed as exhibits or schedules to the Registration Statement, which have not been described or filed as required. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(z) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">No Integrated Offering</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Neither the Company, nor, to the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(aa) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Solvency</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company&#x2019;s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company&#x2019;s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company&#x2019;s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. The SEC Reports sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(bb) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Tax Status</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed all United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim. The provisions for taxes payable, if any, shown on the financial statements filed with or as part of the Registration Statement are sufficient for all accrued and unpaid taxes, whether or not disputed, and for all periods to and including the dates of such consolidated financial statements. The term &#x201c;taxes&#x201d; mean all federal, state, local, foreign, and other net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments, or charges of any kind whatsoever, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts with respect thereto. The term &#x201c;returns&#x201d; means all returns, declarations, reports, statements, and other documents required to be filed in respect to taxes.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(cc) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Foreign Corrupt Practices</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA. The Company has taken reasonable steps to ensure that its accounting controls and procedures are sufficient to cause the Company to comply in all material respects with the FCPA.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(dd) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Accountants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, the Company Auditor (i) is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act and (ii) shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company&#x2019;s Annual Report for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The Company Auditor has not, during the periods covered by the financial statements included in the Prospectus, provided to the Company any non-audit services, as such term is used in Section 10A(g) of the Exchange Act.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(ee) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FDA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. As to each product subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FDA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, and the regulations thereunder (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FDCA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) that is manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold, and/or marketed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (each such product, a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pharmaceutical Product</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), such Pharmaceutical Product is being manufactured, packaged, labeled, tested, distributed, sold and/or marketed by the Company in compliance with all applicable requirements under FDCA and similar laws, rules and regulations relating to registration, investigational use, premarket clearance, licensure, or application approval, good manufacturing practices, good laboratory practices, good clinical practices, product listing, quotas, labeling, advertising, record keeping and filing of reports, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no pending, completed or, to the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, threatened, action (including any lawsuit, arbitration, or legal or administrative or regulatory proceeding, charge, complaint, or investigation) against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and none of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has received any notice, warning letter or other communication from the FDA or any other governmental entity, which (i) contests the premarket clearance, licensure, registration, or approval of, the uses of, the distribution of, the manufacturing or packaging of, the testing of, the sale of, or the labeling and promotion of any Pharmaceutical Product, (ii) withdraws its approval of, requests the recall, suspension, or seizure of, or withdraws or orders the withdrawal of advertising or sales promotional materials relating to, any Pharmaceutical Product, (iii) imposes a clinical hold on any clinical investigation by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (iv) enjoins production at any facility of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (v) enters or proposes to enter into a consent decree</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">of permanent injunction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or (vi) otherwise alleges any violation of any laws, rules or regulations by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and which, either individually or in the aggregate, would have a Material Adverse Effect. The properties, business and operations of the Company have been and are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of the FDA. The Company has not been informed by the FDA that the FDA will prohibit the marketing, sale, license or use in the United States of any product proposed to be developed, produced or marketed by the Company nor has the FDA expressed any material concern as to approving or clearing for marketing any product being developed or proposed to be developed by the Company.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(ff) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Equity Award Plans</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Each stock option or restricted stock unit granted by the Company under the Company&#x2019;s equity award plans was granted (i) in accordance with the terms of the Company&#x2019;s applicable equity award plan and (ii) in the case of stock option awards, with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted under the Company&#x2019;s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(gg) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Office of Foreign Assets Control</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(hh) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon the Representatives&#x2019; request.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(ii) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Bank Holding Company Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">BHCA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Federal Reserve</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(jj) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Money Laundering</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in material compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Money Laundering Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(kk) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">D&amp;O Questionnaires</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. To the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires completed by each of the Company&#x2019;s directors and officers immediately prior to the Offering and in the Lock-Up Agreement provided to the Underwriters is true and correct in all material respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed in such questionnaires become inaccurate and incorrect.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(ll) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FINRA Affiliation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. No officer, director or, to the Company&#x2019;s knowledge, any beneficial owner of 5% or more of the Company&#x2019;s unregistered securities has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA) that is participating in the Offering. The Company will advise the Representatives and EGS</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">if it learns that any officer, director or</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">owner of 5% or more of the Company&#x2019;s outstanding shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member firm.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(mm) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Officers&#x2019; Certificate</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Any certificate signed by any duly authorized officer of the Company and delivered to the Representatives shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Underwriters as to the matters covered thereby.</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(nn) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Board of Directors</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the Board of Directors comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder applicable to the Company and the rules of the Trading Market. At least one member of the Board of Directors qualifies as a &#x201c;financial expert&#x201d; as such term is defined under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder and the rules of the Trading Market. In addition, at least a majority of the persons serving on the Board of Directors qualify as &#x201c;independent&#x201d; as defined under the rules of the Trading Market.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(oo) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Cybersecurity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (i)(x) there has been no security breach or other compromise of or relating to any of the Company&#x2019;s or any Subsidiary&#x2019;s information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the data of its respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of it), equipment or technology (collectively, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">IT Systems and Data</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and (y) the Company and the Subsidiaries have not been notified of, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any security breach or other compromise to its IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable safeguards to maintain and protect its material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and Data; and (iv) the Company and the Subsidiaries have implemented backup and disaster recovery technology consistent with industry standards and practices.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(pp) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Compliance with Data Privacy Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. (i) The Company and the Subsidiaries are, and at all times during the last three (3) years were, in compliance with all applicable state, federal and foreign data privacy and security laws and regulations (collectively, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Privacy Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), except where the failure to do so would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (ii) the Company and the Subsidiaries have in place, comply with, and take appropriate steps reasonably designed to ensure compliance with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and security and the collection, storage, use, disclosure, handling and analysis of Personal Data (as defined below) (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Policies</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), except where the failure to do so would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; (iii) the Company provides accurate notice of its applicable Policies to its employees, third party vendors and representatives as required by the Privacy Laws; and (iv) applicable Policies provide accurate and sufficient notice of the Company&#x2019;s then-current privacy practices relating to its subject matter, and do not contain any material omissions of the Company&#x2019;s then-current privacy practices, as required by Privacy Laws. &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Personal Data</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means (i) a natural person&#x2019;s name, street address, telephone number, email address, photograph, social security number, bank information, or customer or account number; (ii) any information which would qualify as &#x201c;personally identifying information&#x201d; under the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended; and (iii) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family, or permits the collection or analysis of any identifiable data related to an identified person&#x2019;s health or sexual orientation. (i) None of such disclosures made or contained in any of the Policies have been inaccurate, misleading or deceptive in violation of any Privacy Laws and (ii) the execution, delivery and performance of the Transaction Documents will not result in a breach of any Privacy Laws or Policies. Neither the Company nor the Subsidiaries (i) to the knowledge of the Company, has received written notice of any actual or potential liability of the Company or the Subsidiaries under, or actual or potential violation by the Company or the Subsidiaries of, any of the Privacy Laws; (ii) is currently conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation or other corrective action pursuant to any regulatory request or demand pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any order, decree, or agreement by or with</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority that imposed any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(qq) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Environmental Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Hazardous Materials</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Environmental Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE IV.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.1 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Amendments to Registration Statement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company has delivered, or will as promptly as practicable deliver, to the Underwriters complete conformed copies of the Registration Statement and of each consent and certificate of experts, as applicable, filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits), the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement and the Prospectus Supplement, as amended or supplemented, in such quantities and at such places as an Underwriter reasonably requests. Neither the Company nor any of its directors and officers has distributed and none of them will distribute, prior to the Closing Date, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities other than the Prospectus, the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus Supplement, the Registration Statement, and copies of the documents incorporated by reference therein. The Company shall not file any such amendment or supplement to which the Representatives shall reasonably object in writing.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.2 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Federal Securities Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(a) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Compliance</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. During the time when a Prospectus Supplement is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder and the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, as from time to time in force, so far as necessary to permit the continuance of sales of or dealings in the Securities in accordance with the provisions hereof and the Prospectus Supplement. If at any time when a Prospectus relating to the Securities is required to be delivered under the Securities Act, any event shall have occurred as a result of which, in the opinion of counsel for the Company or counsel for the Underwriters, the Prospectus Supplement, as then amended or supplemented, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, or if it is necessary at any time to amend the Prospectus Supplement to comply with the Securities Act, the Company will notify the Underwriters promptly and prepare and file with the Commission, subject to Section 4.1 hereof, an appropriate amendment or supplement in accordance with Section 10 of the Securities Act.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(b) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Filing of Final Prospectus Supplement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company will file the Prospectus Supplement (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives) with the Commission pursuant to the requirements of Rule 424.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(c) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exchange Act Registration</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  For a period of three years from the Execution Date, the Company will use its best efforts to maintain the registration of the Common Stock and Warrants under the Exchange Act. The Company will not deregister the Common Stock or the Warrants under the Exchange Act without the prior written consent of the Representatives.</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(d) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Reporting Requirements</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company, during the period when a Prospectus Supplement relating to the Securities is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the Securities Act, will use commercially reasonable efforts to file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act within the time periods required by the Exchange Act.</font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(e) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Free Writing Prospectuses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company represents and agrees that it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an issuer free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 433 of the rules and regulations under the Securities Act, without the prior written consent of the Representatives. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Representatives is herein referred to as a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Permitted Free Writing Prospectus</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.&#x201d; The Company represents that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an &#x201c;issuer free writing prospectus&#x201d; as defined in rule and regulations under the Securities Act, and has complied and will comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 433 of the Securities Act, including timely Commission filing where required, legending and record keeping.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.3 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery to the Underwriters of Prospectuses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company will deliver to the Underwriters, without charge, from time to time during the period when the Prospectus Supplement is required to be delivered under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act such number of copies of each Prospectus Supplement as the Underwriters may reasonably request.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.4 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Effectiveness and Events Requiring Notice to the Underwriters</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Registration Statement to remain effective with a current prospectus until the later of nine (9) months from the Execution Date and the date on which the Warrants are no longer outstanding, and will notify the Underwriters and holders of the Warrants immediately and confirm the notice in writing of: (i) the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto; (ii) the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iii) the issuance by any state securities commission of any proceedings for the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iv) the mailing and delivery to the Commission for filing of any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus Supplement; (v) the receipt of any comments or request for any additional information from the Commission; and (vi) the happening of any event during the period described in this Section 4.4 that, in the judgment of the Company, makes any statement of a material fact made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus Supplement untrue or that requires the making of any changes in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus Supplement in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If the Commission or any state securities commission shall enter a stop order or suspend such qualification at any time, the Company will make every reasonable effort to obtain promptly the lifting of such order.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> Intentionally Omitted.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.6 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Expenses of the Offering</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company hereby agrees to pay on the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any, to the extent not paid at the Closing Date, all expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Agreement, including, but not limited to: (a) all filing fees and communication expenses relating to the registration of the Securities to be sold in the Offering (including the Option Securities) with the Commission; (b) all FINRA Public Offering Filing System fees associated with the review of the Offering by FINRA; all fees and expenses relating to the listing of such Closing Shares, Option Shares, and Warrant Shares on the Trading Market and such other stock exchanges as the Company and the Representatives together determine; (c) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration or qualification of such Securities under the &#x201c;blue sky&#x201d; securities laws of such states and other foreign jurisdictions as the Representatives may reasonably designate (including, without limitation, all filing and registration fees, and the fees and expenses of Blue Sky counsel, if necessary); (d) the costs of all mailing and printing of the underwriting documents (including, without limitation, the Underwriting Agreement, any Blue Sky Surveys and, if appropriate, any Agreement Among Underwriters, Selected Dealers&#x2019; Agreement, Underwriters&#x2019; Questionnaire and Power of Attorney), Registration Statements, Prospectuses and all amendments, supplements and exhibits thereto and as many preliminary and final Prospectuses as the Representatives may reasonably deem necessary; (e) the costs and expenses of the Company&#x2019;s public relations firm; (f) the costs of preparing, printing and delivering the Securities; (g) fees and expenses of the Transfer Agent for the Securities (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company); (h) stock transfer and/or stamp taxes, if any, payable upon the transfer of securities from the</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Company to the Underwriters; (i) the fees and expenses of the Company&#x2019;s accountants; (j) the fees and expenses of the Company&#x2019;s legal counsel and other agents and representatives; (k) the Underwriters&#x2019; costs of mailing prospectuses to prospective investors; (l) up to $100,000 for the reasonable fees and expenses of EGS. The Underwriters may also deduct from the net proceeds of the Offering payable to the Company on the Closing Date, or each Option Closing Date, if any, the expenses set forth herein to be paid by the Company to the Underwriters.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.7 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Application of Net Proceeds</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company will apply the net proceeds from the Offering received by it in a manner consistent with the application described under the caption &#x201c;Use of Proceeds&#x201d; in the Prospectus Supplement.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.8 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of Earnings Statements to Security Holders</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company will timely file such reports pursuant to the Exchange Act as are necessary in order to make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable an earnings statement for the purposes of, and to provide to the Underwriters the benefits contemplated by, the last paragraph of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.9 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Stabilization</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Neither the Company, nor, to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or shareholders (without the consent of the Representatives) has taken or will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act, or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.10 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Internal Controls</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company will maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&#x2019;s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary in order to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&#x2019;s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.11 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Accountants. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Company shall continue to retain a nationally recognized independent certified public accounting firm for a period of at least three years after the Execution Date.  The Underwriters acknowledge that the Company Auditor is acceptable to the Underwriters.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.12 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FINRA</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company shall advise the Underwriters (who shall make an appropriate filing with FINRA) if it is aware that any 5% or greater shareholder of the Company becomes an affiliate or associated person of an Underwriter.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.13 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">No Fiduciary Duties</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters&#x2019; responsibility to the Company is solely contractual and commercial in nature, based on arms-length negotiations and that neither the Underwriters nor their affiliates or any selected dealer shall be deemed to be acting in a fiduciary capacity, or otherwise owes any fiduciary duty to the Company or any of its affiliates in connection with the Offering and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company acknowledges that the Underwriters may have financial interests in the success of the Offering that are not limited to the difference between the price to the public and the purchase price paid to the Company by the Underwriters for the shares and the Underwriters have no obligation to disclose, or account to the Company for, any of such additional financial interests. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against the Underwriters with respect to any breach or alleged breach of fiduciary duty.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.14 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the issuance of the Warrant Shares or if the Warrant is exercised via cashless exercise, the Warrant Shares issued pursuant to any such exercise shall be issued free of all restrictive legends. If at any time following the date hereof the Registration Statement (or any subsequent registration statement registering the sale or resale of the Warrant Shares) is not effective or is not otherwise available for the sale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall promptly notify the holders of the Warrants in writing that such registration statement is not then effective and thereafter shall promptly notify such holders when the registration statement is effective again and available for the sale of the Warrant Shares (it being understood and agreed that the foregoing shall not limit the ability of the Company to issue, or any holder thereof to sell, any of the Warrant Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).</font></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.15 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Intentionally Omitted</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.16 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. At the request of the Representatives, by 11:59 p.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof, the Company shall issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the Offering. The Company and the Representatives shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the Offering, and neither the Company nor any Underwriter shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of the Company, with respect to any press release of such Underwriter, or without the prior consent of such Underwriter, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld, delayed or conditioned, except if such disclosure is required by law, in which case the disclosing party shall promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. The Company will not issue press releases or engage in any other publicity, without one Business Day&#x2019;s prior written notice to the Representatives, for a period ending at 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the first business day following the 30</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:6.7pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">th</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> day following the Closing Date, other than normal and customary releases issued in the ordinary course of the Company&#x2019;s business.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.17 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Shareholder Rights Plan</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Underwriter of the Securities is an &#x201c;Acquiring Person&#x201d; under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Underwriter of Securities could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.18 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Reservation of Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Option Shares pursuant to the Option and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.19 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Listing of Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company hereby agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall apply to list or quote all of the Closing Shares, Option Shares, and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and promptly secure the listing of all of the Closing Shares, Option Shares, and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Closing Shares, Option Shares, and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Closing Shares, Option Shares, and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company&#x2019;s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to use reasonable best efforts to maintain the eligibility of the Common Stock for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.20 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Subsequent Equity Sales</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(a) From the date hereof until ninety (90) days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents without the express written consent of the Representatives.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(b) From the date hereof until ninety (90) days after the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction without the express written consent of the Representatives. &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Variable Rate Transaction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive, additional shares of Common Stock either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">trading prices of or quotations for the shares of Common Stock at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Common Stock or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or an &#x201c;at-the-market offering&#x201d;, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price regardless of whether shares pursuant to such agreement have actually been issued and regardless of whether such agreement is subsequently canceled. Any Underwriter shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.20 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance other than as expressly provided herein.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.21 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Capital Changes</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Until one (1) year after the Closing Date, the Company shall not undertake a reverse or forward stock split or reclassification of the Common Stock without the prior written consent of the Representatives other than a reverse stock split that is required, in the good faith determination of the Board of Directors, to maintain the listing of the Common Stock on the Trading Market.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4.22 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Research Independence</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company acknowledges that each Underwriter&#x2019;s research analysts and research departments, if any, are required to be independent from their respective investment banking divisions and are subject to certain regulations and internal policies, and that such Underwriter&#x2019;s research analysts may hold and make statements or investment recommendations and/or publish research reports with respect to the Company and/or the offering that differ from the views of its investment bankers. The Company hereby waives and releases, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims that the Company may have against such Underwriter with respect to any conflict of interest that may arise from the fact that the views expressed by their independent research analysts and research departments may be different from or inconsistent with the views or advice communicated to the Company by such Underwriter&#x2019;s investment banking divisions. The Company acknowledges that the Representatives are full service securities firms and as such from time to time, subject to applicable securities laws, may effect transactions for their own account or the account of their customers and hold long or short position in debt or equity securities of the Company.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE V.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">DEFAULT BY UNDERWRITERS</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">If on the Closing Date or any Option Closing Date, if any, any Underwriter shall fail to purchase and pay for the portion of the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which such Underwriter has agreed to purchase and pay for on such date (otherwise than by reason of any default on the part of the Company), the Representatives, or if either of the Representatives are the defaulting Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters, shall use their reasonable efforts to procure within 36 hours thereafter one or more of the other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase from the Company such amounts as may be agreed upon and upon the terms set forth herein, the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase. If during such 36 hours the Representatives shall not have procured such other Underwriters, or any others, to purchase the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, agreed to be purchased by the defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters, then (a) if the aggregate number of Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, with respect to which such default shall occur does not exceed 10% of the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, covered hereby, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally, in proportion to the respective numbers of Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be which they are obligated to purchase hereunder, to purchase the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, which such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters failed to purchase, or (b) if the aggregate number of Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, with respect to which such default shall occur exceeds 10% of the Closing Securities or Option Securities, as the case may be, covered hereby, the Company or the Representatives will have the right to terminate this Agreement without liability on the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters or of the Company except to the extent provided in Article VI hereof. In the event of a default by any Underwriter or Underwriters, as set forth in this Article V, the applicable Closing Date may be postponed for such period, not exceeding seven days, as</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">the Representatives, or if either of the Representatives are the defaulting Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters, may determine in order that the required changes in the Prospectus Supplement or in any other documents or arrangements may be effected. The term &#x201c;Underwriter&#x201d; includes any Person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter. Any action taken under this Section shall not relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under this Agreement.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE VI.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">INDEMNIFICATION</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">6.1 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Indemnification of the Underwriters</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Subject to the conditions set forth below, the Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Underwriters, and each dealer selected by each Underwriter that participates in the offer and sale of the Securities (each a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Selected Dealer</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and each of their respective directors, officers and employees and each Person, if any, who controls such Underwriter or any Selected Dealer (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Controlling Person</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever (including but not limited to any and all legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, whether arising out of any action between such Underwriter and the Company or between such Underwriter and any third party or otherwise) to which they or any of them may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other statute or at common law or otherwise or under the laws of foreign countries, arising out of or based upon any Proceeding, commenced or threated (whether or not such Underwriter is a target of or party to such Proceeding), or arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in (i) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus Supplement (as from time to time each may be amended and supplemented); (ii) any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Securities, including any &#x201c;road show&#x201d; or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically) (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Marketing Materials</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;); or (iii) any application or other document or written communication (in this Article VI, collectively called &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">application</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) executed by the Company or based upon written information furnished by the Company in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the Securities under the securities laws thereof or filed with the Commission, any state securities commission or agency, Trading Market or any securities exchange; or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company with respect to the applicable Underwriter by or on behalf of such Underwriter expressly for use in the Registration Statement or Prospectus Supplement, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or in any Marketing Materials or application, as the case may be. With respect to any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in the Preliminary Prospectus Supplement, the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 6.1 shall not inure to the benefit of an Underwriter to the extent that any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense of such Underwriter results from the fact that a copy of the Prospectus Supplement was not given or sent to the Person asserting any such loss, liability, claim or damage at or prior to the written confirmation of sale of the Securities to such Person as required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, and if the untrue statement or omission has been corrected in the Prospectus Supplement, unless such failure to deliver the Prospectus Supplement was a result of non-compliance by the Company with its obligations under this Agreement. The Company agrees promptly to notify each Underwriter of the commencement of any litigation or proceedings against the Company or any of its officers, directors or Controlling Persons in connection with the issue and sale of the Public Securities or in connection with the Registration Statement or Prospectus Supplement.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">6.2 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Procedure</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If any action is brought against an Underwriter, a Selected Dealer or a Controlling Person in respect of which indemnity may be sought against the Company pursuant to Section 6.1, such Underwriter, such Selected Dealer or Controlling Person, as the case may be, shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the institution of such action and the Company shall assume the defense of such action, including the employment and the reasonable fees of counsel (subject to the reasonable approval of such Underwriter or such Selected Dealer, as the case may be) and payment of actual reasonable expenses. Such Underwriter, such Selected Dealer or Controlling Person shall have the right to employ its or their own counsel in any such case, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Underwriter, such Selected Dealer or Controlling Person unless (i) the employment of such counsel at the expense of the Company shall have been authorized in writing by the Company in connection with the defense of such action, or (ii) the Company shall not have employed counsel to have charge of</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">the defense of such action, or (iii) such indemnified party or parties shall have reasonably concluded that there may be defenses available to it or them which are different from or additional to those available to the Company (in which case the Company shall not have the right to direct the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party or parties), in any of which events the reasonable fees and expenses of not more than one additional firm of attorneys selected by such Underwriter (in addition to local counsel), Selected Dealer and/or Controlling Person shall be borne by the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if any Underwriter, Selected Dealer or Controlling Person shall assume the defense of such action as provided above, the Company shall have the right to approve the terms of any settlement of such action which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">6.3 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Indemnification of the Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Each Underwriter severally and not jointly agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, officers and employees and agents who control the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the foregoing indemnity from the Company to such Underwriter, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions made in the Registration Statement or Prospectus Supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto or in any Marketing Materials or application, in reliance upon, and in strict conformity with, written information furnished to the Company with respect to such Underwriter by or on behalf of such Underwriter expressly for use in the Registration Statement or Prospectus Supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto or in any such application. In case any action shall be brought against the Company or any other Person so indemnified based on the Registration Statement or Prospectus Supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto or any Marketing Materials or application, and in respect of which indemnity may be sought against such Underwriter, such Underwriter shall have the rights and duties given to the Company, and the Company and each other Person so indemnified shall have the rights and duties given to such Underwriter by the provisions of this Article VI. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6.3, no Underwriter shall be required to indemnify the Company for any amount in excess of the underwriting discounts and commissions applicable to the Securities purchased by such Underwriter. The Underwriters&#x2019; obligations in this Section 6.3 to indemnify the Company are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">6.4 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Contribution</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(a) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Contribution Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution under the Securities Act in any case in which (i) any Person entitled to indemnification under this Article VI makes a claim for indemnification pursuant hereto but it is judicially determined (by the entry of a final judgment or decree by a court of competent jurisdiction and the expiration of time to appeal or the denial of the last right of appeal) that such indemnification may not be enforced in such case notwithstanding the fact that this Article VI provides for indemnification in such case, or (ii) contribution under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise may be required on the part of any such Person in circumstances for which indemnification is provided under this Article VI, then, and in each such case, the Company and each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, shall contribute to the aggregate losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses of the nature contemplated by said indemnity agreement incurred by the Company and such Underwriter, as incurred, in such proportions that such Underwriter is responsible for that portion represented by the percentage that the underwriting discount appearing on the cover page of the Prospectus Supplement bears to the initial offering price appearing thereon and the Company is responsible for the balance; provided, that, no Person guilty of a fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this Section, each director, officer and employee of such Underwriter or the Company, as applicable, and each Person, if any, who controls such Underwriter or the Company, as applicable, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter or the Company, as applicable. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 6.4, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting discounts and commissions applicable to the Securities purchased by such Underwriter. The Underwriters&#x2019; obligations in this Section 6.4 to contribute are several in proportion to their respective underwriting obligations and not joint.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(b) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Contribution Procedure</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Within fifteen days after receipt by any party to this Agreement (or its representative) of notice of the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding, such party will, if a claim for contribution in respect thereof is to be made against another party (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">contributing party</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), notify the contributing party of the commencement thereof, but the failure to so notify the contributing party will not relieve it from</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">any liability which it may have to any other party other than for contribution hereunder. In case any such action, suit or proceeding is brought against any party, and such party notifies a contributing party or its representative of the commencement thereof within the aforesaid fifteen days, the contributing party will be entitled to participate therein with the notifying party and any other contributing party similarly notified. Any such contributing party shall not be liable to any party seeking contribution on account of any settlement of any claim, action or proceeding affected by such party seeking contribution without the written consent of such contributing party. The contribution provisions contained in this Section 6.4 are intended to supersede, to the extent permitted by law, any right to contribution under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise available.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ARTICLE VII.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">MISCELLANEOUS</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.1 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Termination</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(a) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Termination Right</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Representatives shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time prior to any Closing Date, (i) if any domestic or international event or act or occurrence has materially disrupted, or in its opinion will in the immediate future materially disrupt, general securities markets in the United States; or (ii) if trading on any Trading Market shall have been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities shall have been required by FINRA or by order of the Commission or any other government authority having jurisdiction, or (iii) if the United States shall have become involved in a new war or an increase in major hostilities that materially adversely impacts the United States securities markets, or (iv) if a banking moratorium has been declared by a New York State or federal authority, or (v) if a moratorium on foreign exchange trading has been declared which materially adversely impacts the United States securities markets, or (vi) if the Company shall have sustained a material loss by fire, flood, accident, hurricane, earthquake, theft, sabotage or other calamity or malicious act which, whether or not such loss shall have been insured, will, in the Representatives&#x2019; opinion, make it inadvisable to proceed with the delivery of the Securities, or (vii) if the Company is in material breach of any of its representations, warranties or covenants hereunder, or (viii) if the Representatives shall have become aware after the date hereof of such a material adverse change in the conditions or prospects of the Company, or such adverse material change in general market conditions as in the Representatives&#x2019; judgment would make it impracticable to proceed with the offering, sale and/or delivery of the Securities or to enforce contracts made by the Underwriters for the sale of the Securities.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(b) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Expenses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. In the event this Agreement shall be terminated pursuant to Section 7.1(a), within the time specified herein or any extensions thereof pursuant to the terms herein, the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Representatives their actual and accountable out of pocket expenses related to the transactions contemplated herein then due and payable, including the fees and disbursements of EGS, in aggregate amount under this Section 7.1(b) of up to $25,000 (</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, that such expense cap in no way limits or impairs the indemnification and contribution provisions of this Agreement).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:5%;text-indent:7.018%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(c) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Indemnification</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Notwithstanding any contrary provision contained in this Agreement, any election hereunder or any termination of this Agreement, and whether or not this Agreement is otherwise carried out, the provisions of Article VI shall not be in any way effected by such election or termination or failure to carry out the terms of this Agreement or any part hereof.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.2 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Entire Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Engagement Agreement, dated February 10, 2025 (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Engagement Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), by and between the Company and Citizens JMP Securities, LLC, shall continue to be effective and the terms therein, shall continue to survive and be enforceable by Citizens JMP Securities, LLC in accordance with its terms, provided that, in the event of a conflict between the terms of the Engagement Agreement and this Agreement, the terms of this Agreement shall prevail.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.3 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Notices</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail attachment at the email address set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail attachment at the e-mail address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8.5pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.4 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Amendments; Waivers</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and the Representatives. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.5 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Headings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.6 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Successors and Assigns</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.7 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Governing Law</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Article VI, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.8 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Survival</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the Option Closing, if any, and the delivery of the Securities.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.9 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Execution</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by e-mail delivery of a &#x201c;.pdf&#x201d; format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such &#x201c;.pdf&#x201d; signature page were an original thereof.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.10 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Severability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.11 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Remedies</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, the Underwriters and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.12 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.13 </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Construction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">7.14</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVE FOREVER ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(Signature Pages Follow)</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="text-indent:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Underwriters and the Company, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement among the Company and the several Underwriters in accordance with its terms.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">By:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">/s/ Mark Oki</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="text-indent:1.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Name: Mark Oki</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="text-indent:1.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Title: Chief Financial Officer</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Address for Notice:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">22722 29th Drive SE, Suite 100</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Bothell, WA 98021</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Attn: Chief Financial Officer</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Email:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Fenwick &amp; West LLP</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">401 Union Street, 5th Floor</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Seattle, WA 98101</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Attn: Amanda Rose; Chelsea Anderson</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Email:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Accepted on the date first above written, as the Representatives of the several Underwriters listed on Schedule I:</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">CITIZENS JMP SECURITIES, LLC</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">By: Citizens JMP Securities, LLC</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
   <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
    <tr style="visibility:collapse;">
     <td style="width:9.7%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
     <td style="width:88.62%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
     <td style="width:1.68%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">By:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">/s/ Jim Alfaro</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Name: Jim Alfaro</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Title: Managing Director</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td colspan="2" style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Address for Notice:</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td colspan="2" style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Citizens JMP Securities, LLC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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    <tr style="height:10pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">101 California Street, Suite 1700</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">San Francisco, CA 94111</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Copy to:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">AND</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">RAYMOND JAMES &amp; ASSOCIATES, INC.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">By: Raymond James &amp; Associate, Inc.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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     <td style="width:89.32%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
     <td style="width:1.58%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">By:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">/s/ Andrea J. Lanham</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #ffffff03;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Name: Andrea J. Lanham</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Title: Vice President</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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     <td colspan="2" style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Address for Notice:</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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     <td colspan="2" style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Raymond James &amp; Associates, Inc.</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">320 Park Avenue, 9th Fl.</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">New York, NY 10022</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Copy to:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">SCHEDULE I</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="font-variant:small-caps;color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Schedule of Underwriters</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:11.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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     <td style="width:1.06%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
     <td style="width:10.66%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
     <td style="width:15.72%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
     <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
     <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
     <td style="width:1%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
     <td style="width:22.64%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
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     <td style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Underwriters</font></p></td>
     <td style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td colspan="2" style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing Shares</font></p></td>
     <td style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0.01in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="border-top:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common Warrants</font></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:21.6pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Citizens JMP Securities, LLC</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">9,000,000</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">9,000,000</font></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:21.6pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Raymond James &amp; Associates, Inc.</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">6,000,000</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">6,000,000</font></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:23.05pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-left:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Total</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">15,000,000</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0.01in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;border-right:0.5pt solid #000000;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;padding-right:0in;text-align:left;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">15,000,000</font></p></td>
    </tr>
   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="margin-left:1.293%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;margin-right:1.296%;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>achv-ex4_1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-4.1
<TEXT>
<html>
 <head>
  <title>EX-4.1</title>
 </head>
 <body style="padding:8px;margin:auto!important;z-index:0;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;position:relative;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:right;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 4.1</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:right;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">WARRANT TO PURCHASE COMMON STOCK OR PRE-FUNDED WARRANTS</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares: _______				Initial Exercise Date:		June 30, 2025</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="text-indent:13.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">THIS WARRANT (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) certifies that, for value received, ______________ or its assigns (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after June 30, 2025 (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Initial Exercise Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on June 30, 2030 (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Termination Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), up to ______ shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) of Common Stock or Pre-Funded Warrants (as defined below) to purchase the same number of Warrant Shares (as subject to adjustment as provided herein). The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b) and the purchase price of one Pre-Funded Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price minus the Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price (as defined below). This Warrant shall initially be issued and maintained in the form of a security held in book-entry form and the Depository Trust Company or its nominee (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">DTC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) shall initially be the sole registered holder of this Warrant, subject to a Holder&#x2019;s right to elect to receive a Warrant in certificated form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agency Agreement, in which case this sentence shall not apply.</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Section 1</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Definitions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant, the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Affiliate</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Bid Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted on a Trading Market and if the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB Venture Market (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">OTCQB</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) or the OTCQX Best Market (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">OTCQX</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the &#x201c;Pink Sheets&#x201d; published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Business Day</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Commission</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock Deemed Outstanding</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, at any given time, the sum of (a) the number of shares of Common Stock actually outstanding at such time, plus (b) the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exchange of Common Stock Equivalents actually outstanding at such time, regardless of whether the Common Stock Equivalents are actually exercisable at such time; provided, that Common Stock Deemed Outstanding at any given time shall not include shares owned or held by or for the account of the Company or any of its wholly-owned subsidiaries.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock Equivalents</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any securities of the Company or its subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exchange Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Person</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Funded Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a pre-funded warrant to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of Warrant Shares as to which this Warrant is being exercised in the form of a Pre-Funded Warrant attached as </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exhibit A</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> hereto.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means $0.001 per share of Common Stock.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Day</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means a day on which the Common Stock is traded on a Trading Market.</font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Market</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:3.843%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">	&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer Agent</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 48 Wall Street, 22</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">nd</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> Floor, New York, NY 10005, Attention:  Reorg Department, and an e-mail address of 	</font><font style="color:#002060;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">,</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> and any successor transfer agent of the Company.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:3.843%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">VWAP</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b)  if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted on a Trading Market and if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on the OTCQB or the OTCQX, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the &#x201c;Pink Sheets&#x201d; published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Agency Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means that certain warrant agency agreement, dated on or about the Initial Exercise Date, between the Company and the Warrant Agent.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Agent</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the Transfer Agent and any successor warrant agent of the Company.</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means this Warrant and other warrants to purchase Common Stock issued by the Company in the offering in which this Warrant was issued.</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Section 2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">a)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company (with a copy to the Warrant Agent (or such other office or agency that the Company may designate by notice in writing to the registered Holder at the address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company)) of a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Notice of Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of </font></div></div></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Share Delivery Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares (or, in the event that this Warrant is exercised for Pre-Funded Warrants, the Exercise Price minus the Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price) specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier&#x2019;s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, and to the extent a physical copy is issued to the Holder, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants purchased.  The Holder and the Warrant Agent shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise on the Trading Day of receipt of such notice. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.</font></div></div><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:6.257%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 2(a), a holder whose interest in this Warrant is a beneficial interest in certificate(s) representing this Warrant held in book-entry form through DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions), shall effect exercises made pursuant to this Section 2(a) by delivering to DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable) the appropriate instruction form for exercise, complying with the procedures to effect exercise that are required by DTC (or such other clearing corporation, as applicable), subject to a Holder&#x2019;s right to elect to receive a Warrant in certificated form pursuant to the terms of the Warrant Agency Agreement, in which case this sentence shall not apply.</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:6.286%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:5.87%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:1.1389326390451395%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">b)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  The exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $3.00, subject to adjustment hereunder (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  In the event this Warrant is exercised for Pre-Funded Warrants, the exercise price per Pre-Funded Warrant under this Warrant shall be $2.999, which represents the Exercise Price minus the Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price, subject to adjustment hereunder.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">c)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Cashless Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If at any time following the date of issuance of this Warrant, and on or before the Termination Date, there is no effective registration statement registering the Warrant Shares, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">issuance of the Warrant Shares to the Holder, this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at any time by means of a &#x201c;cashless exercise&#x201d; in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares (but not Pre-Funded Warrants) equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</font></div></div><p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-6.122%;padding-left:5%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> (A) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; (as defined in Rule 600(b)(68) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder&#x2019;s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on such Trading Day;</font></p><p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-8.333%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-8.333%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-8.333%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-7.209%;padding-left:5.84%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised.  The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).</font></p><p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:-7.209%;padding-left:5.84%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:25.065%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:4.447854807499834%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">d)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Mechanics of Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. </font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:8.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:6.33375%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">i.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder&#x2019;s or its designee&#x2019;s balance account with DTC through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">DWAC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by electronic book entry by the Transfer Agent, registered in the Transfer Agent&#x2019;s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, and, in the case of each of (i) and (ii), subject to the Company&#x2019;s receipt of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Share Delivery Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).  Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise.  If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date and the Exercise Price has been paid in full (other than in the case of a cashless exercise), the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Common Stock on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable.  As used herein, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Standard Settlement Period</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&#x2019;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:8.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:6.33375%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">ii.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of Pre-Funded Warrants Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If this Warrant is being exercised for Pre-Funded Warrants, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent to issue by electronic book entry, registered in the Warrant Agent&#x2019;s register in the name of the Holder or its designee, Pre-Funded Warrants to purchase a number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which this Warrant is being exercised by the date that is the latest of (i) five (5) Business Days after delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) five (5) Business Days after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price minus the Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pre-Funded Warrant Delivery Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></div></div></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:8.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:6.33375%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">iii.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of the Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:8.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:6.33375%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">iv.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Rescission Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares or the Company fails to transmit to the Holder the Pre-Funded Warrants pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) or Section 2(d)(ii), as applicable, by the Warrant Share Delivery Date or the Pre-Funded Warrant Delivery Date, as applicable, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise, and the Company shall return all consideration paid by the Holder for such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants, as applicable, upon such rescission. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be required to make any cash payments to the Holder in lieu of issuance of the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:8.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:6.33375%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">v.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Warrant Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder&#x2019;s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, shares of Common Stock to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Buy-In</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder&#x2019;s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the shares of Common Stock so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder (pursuant to notice to be sent by the Holder to the Company within ten (10) days following the Warrant Share Delivery Date; if such notice is not provided by that date, the Company shall instead have the right to decide), either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Common Stock having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrants for shares of Common Stock with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder&#x2019;s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company&#x2019;s failure to timely deliver shares of Common Stock upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:8.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:6.33375%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">vi.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">No Fractional Shares or Scrip</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  No fractional shares, warrants, or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant.  As to any fraction of a share or warrant which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price, or Exercise Price minus the Pre-Funded Warrant Exercise Price, as applicable, or round up to the next whole share or Pre-Funded Warrant.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:8.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:6.33375%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">vii.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Charges, Taxes and Expenses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  Issuance of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, that in the event that Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto.  The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:8.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:6.33375%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">viii.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing of Books</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:25.065%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:4.447854807499834%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">e)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Holder&#x2019;s Exercise Limitations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise (except in the case of an exercise for Pre-Funded </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:25.065%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:4.447854807499834%;visibility:hidden;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;"></font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrants), to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder&#x2019;s Affiliates, any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&#x2019;s Affiliates, and any other Persons whose beneficial ownership of the shares of Common Stock would or could be aggregated with the Holder&#x2019;s for the purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act (such Persons, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Attribution Parties</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below).  For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties.  Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith.  To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder&#x2019;s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. To ensure compliance with this restriction, each Holder will be deemed to represent to the Company each time it delivers a Notice of Exercise that such Notice of Exercise has not violated the restrictions set forth in this paragraph, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:25.065%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:4.447854807499834%;visibility:hidden;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;"></font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">accuracy of such determination (other than to the extent that the information on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock is provided by the Company, either directly or through one or more public filings relied upon by the Holder).  In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.  For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company&#x2019;s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding.  Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding.  In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported.  The &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Beneficial Ownership Limitation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall be 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant.  The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may decrease, and subsequently increase or decrease, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 19.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply.  Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:8.040000000000001pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">st</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> day after such notice is delivered to the Company.  The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Section 3</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Adjustments</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">a)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Stock Dividends and Splits</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged.  Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re&#x2011;classification.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">b)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Reserved.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">c)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Subsequent Rights Offerings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Purchase Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, to the extent that the Holder&#x2019;s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent, if practicable, shall instead be paid by the Company through the Company&#x2019;s issuance to the Holder of Pre-Funded Warrants, and otherwise shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). </font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">d)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pro Rata Distributions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate </font></div></div></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Distribution</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, that, to the extent that the Holder&#x2019;s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall, if practicable, instead be paid by the Company through the Company&#x2019;s issuance to the Holder of Pre-Funded Warrants, and otherwise shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">e)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Fundamental Transaction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, in which the Company is not the surviving entity and in which the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such merger or consolidation do not own, directly or indirectly, at least 50% of the voting power of the surviving entity immediately after such merger or consolidation (excluding a merger effected solely to change the Company&#x2019;s name), (ii) the Company or any subsidiary, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (other than as a result of a subdivision or combination of shares of Common Stock covered by Section 3(a) above), or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (each a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Fundamental Transaction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Alternate Consideration</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder&#x2019;s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within of thirty (30) days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company&#x2019;s control, including not approved by the Company&#x2019;s board of directors, the Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity, the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), valued at the Black Scholes Value of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Common Stock of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Common Stock are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Common Stock of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Common Stock will be deemed to have received common stock of the Successor Entity (which entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Black Scholes Value</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the &#x201c;OV&#x201d; function on Bloomberg determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1) the 30-day volatility, (2) the 100 day volatility or (3) the 365-day volatility, each of clauses (1)-(3) as obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365-day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder&#x2019;s request pursuant to this Section 3(e), (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five (5) Business Days of the Holder&#x2019;s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Successor Entity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant, a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term &#x201c;Company&#x201d; under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant referring to the &#x201c;Company&#x201d; shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(e) while this Warrant is outstanding and exercisable. For the further avoidance of doubt, the Holder, in its sole discretion (to the extent available), shall not be entitled to receive more than one of (i) the consideration receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction, (ii) an amount of cash (or other type or form of consideration as provided in this Section 3(e)) equal to the Black Scholes Value of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant as calculated pursuant this Section 3(e), or (iii) the assumption by the Successor Entity of all of the obligations of the Company under this</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant and the option to receive a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">f)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Calculations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">g)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Notice to Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  </font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:8.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:6.33375%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">i.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Adjustment to Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or e-mail a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment. </font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;text-indent:8.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:6.33375%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">ii.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or any Fundamental Transaction, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or e-mail to the Holder at its last facsimile number or e-mail address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register (as defined below) of the Company, at least 20 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, that the </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:20%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice.  To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K.  The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.</font></div></div><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Section 4</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">a)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Transferability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Warrant and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent (if issued in physical form), together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer.  Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall cause the Warrant Agent to issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled.  Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full.  The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new Holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants without having a new Warrant issued.  </font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">b)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">New Warrants.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof to the Company and the Warrant Agent, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney.  Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants issuable pursuant thereto. </font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">c)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Register</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Warrant Agent shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Register</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time.  The Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.</font></div></div><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Section 5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Miscellaneous</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">a)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.  </font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">b)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company or the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares or any Pre-Funded Warrants, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate or Pre-Funded Warrant, if mutilated, the Company will cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate or Pre-Funded Warrant of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate or Pre-Funded Warrant.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">c)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day or Trading Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day or Trading Day, as the case may be.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">d)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Authorized Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></div></div><p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:15.385%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant.  The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant.  The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed.  The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment.  Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.</font></p><p style="margin-left:13.333%;text-indent:7.692%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">e)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Governing Law</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees and </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">f)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Restrictions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">g)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Nonwaiver and Expenses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&#x2019;s rights, powers or remedies.  Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">h)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Notices</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 22722 29th Drive, SE, Suite 100, Bothell, Washington 98012, Attention: Senior Paralegal, e-mail address: 	, or such other e-mail address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section 5(h) prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section 5(h) on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.  </font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">i)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Limitation of Liability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">j)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Remedies</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of </font></div></div></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">its rights under this Warrant.  The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">k)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Successors and Assigns</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder.  The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">l)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Amendment</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holders or the beneficial owners of Warrants representing 67% of the Warrant Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants issuable under the Warrants then-outstanding as of the date such consent is sought, on the other hand. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Holder relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Holders shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Holder.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">m)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Severability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">n)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Headings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:7.143%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:6.667%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:5.14287551026968%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">o)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Agency Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.  If this Warrant is held in global form through DTC (or any successor depositary), this Warrant is issued subject to the Warrant Agency Agreement.  To the extent any provision of this Warrant conflicts with the express provisions of the Warrant Agency Agreement, the provisions of this Warrant shall govern and be controlling.</font></div></div><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">********************</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(Signature Page Follows)</font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="text-indent:13.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="text-transform:uppercase;color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">By:__________________________________________</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Name:</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Title:</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:right;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">	</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">NOTICE OF EXERCISE</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="text-transform:uppercase;color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">To:	achieve life sciences, inc.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="text-indent:13.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:13.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:4.8%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(1)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ [Warrant Shares][Pre-Funded Warrants] of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="text-indent:13.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:13.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:4.8%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(2)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):</font></div></div><p style="margin-left:20%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">[  ] in lawful money of the United States; or</font></p><p style="margin-left:20%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">[  ] if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="text-indent:13.333%;font-size:0;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:13.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:4.8%;word-break:keep-all;text-indent:0;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(3)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Please issue said [Warrant Shares][Pre-Funded Warrants] in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</font></div></div><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">			_______________________________</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">			</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">If permitted by the terms of the Warrant, the Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">			_______________________________</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">			</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">			_______________________________</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">			</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">			_______________________________</font></p><p style="margin-left:13.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="text-transform:uppercase;color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Investing Entity: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">										</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">						</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Authorized Signatory: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">									</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Title of Authorized Signatory: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">									</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Date: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">													</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ASSIGNMENT FORM</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="text-indent:1.947%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information.  Do not use this form to purchase shares.)</font></p><p style="text-indent:1.947%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to:</font></p>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(Please Print)</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Phone Number:</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Email Address:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">                                                             </font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(Please Print)</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">______________________________________</font></p><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">______________________________________</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Dated: _______________ __, ______</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Holder&#x2019;s Signature:</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:30pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Holder&#x2019;s Address:</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0.075in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0.075in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:30pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT A</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FORM OF PRE-FUNDED WARRANT</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares: _______</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Initial Exercise Date: June 30, 2025</font></p></td>
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   </table><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">THIS PRE-FUNDED COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) certifies that, for value received, _____________ or its assigns (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the date hereof (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Initial Exercise Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) until this Warrant is exercised in full (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Termination Date</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), up to ______ shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) of Common Stock. The purchase price of one Warrant Share shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Section 1</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Definitions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in that certain Underwriting Agreement, dated June 30, 2025, among the Company and the underwriters signatory thereto.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Section 2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">a) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company (with a copy to the Warrant Agent (or such other office or agency that the Company may designate by notice in writing to the registered Holder at the address of the Holder appearing on the books of the Company)) of a duly executed facsimile copy or PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise in the form annexed hereto (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Notice of Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier&#x2019;s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, and to the extent a physical copy is issued to the Holder, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Holder and the Warrant Agent shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Business Day of receipt of such notice. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.</font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">b) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.001 per Warrant Share, was pre-funded to the Company on or prior to the Initial Exercise Date and, consequently, no additional consideration (other than the nominal exercise price of $0.001 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by the Holder to any Person to effect any exercise of this Warrant. The Holder shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise price under any circumstance or for any reason whatsoever. The remaining unpaid exercise price per share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be $0.001, subject to adjustment hereunder (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;).</font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">c) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Cashless Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. This Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a &#x201c;cashless exercise&#x201d; in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:</font></p>
   <table style="border-spacing:0;table-layout:auto;width:100.0%;border-collapse:separate;">
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     <td style="width:87%;box-sizing:content-box;"></td>
    </tr>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(A)</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">= as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the Bid Price of the Common Stock on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. as of the time of the Holder&#x2019;s execution of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is executed during &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on a Trading Day and is delivered within two (2) hours thereafter (including until two (2) hours after the close of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on a Trading Day) pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof after the close of &#x201c;regular trading hours&#x201d; on such Trading Day;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(B)</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">= the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
    </tr>
    <tr style="height:12pt;white-space:pre-wrap;word-break:break-word;text-align:right;">
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(X)</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">= the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></td>
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   </table><p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Warrant Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Bid Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of the Common Stock for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">VWAP</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Common Stock for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported on The Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per share of the Common Stock so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">d) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Mechanics of Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">i. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company shall cause the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder&#x2019;s or its designee&#x2019;s balance account with The Depository Trust Company (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">DTC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">DWAC</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) this Warrant is being exercised via cashless exercise, and otherwise by electronic book entry by the Transfer Agent, registered in the Transfer Agent&#x2019;s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:13.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">of the Notice of Exercise, and, in the case of each of (i) and (ii), subject to the Company&#x2019;s receipt of the aggregate Exercise Price (such date, the &#x201c;Warrant Share Delivery Date&#x201d;).  Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a transfer agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Standard Settlement Period</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company&#x2019;s primary Trading Market with respect to the Common Stock as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ii. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of the Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">iii. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Rescission Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise and the Company shall return all consideration paid by the Holder for such Warrant Shares upon such rescission. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Company shall not be required to make any cash payments to the Holder in lieu of issuance of the Warrant Shares.</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">iv. 	[</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Reserved</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">].</font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">v. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">No Fractional Shares or Scrip</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole share.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">vi. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Charges, Taxes and Expenses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, that in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:13.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to DTC (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">vii. 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Closing of Books</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company will not close its stockholder books or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">e)	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Holder&#x2019;s Exercise Limitations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder&#x2019;s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder&#x2019;s Affiliates (such Persons, &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Attribution Parties</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of shares of Common Stock which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, nonexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or nonconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Common Stock Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder&#x2019;s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. To ensure compliance with this restriction, each Holder will be deemed to represent to the Company each time it delivers a Notice of Exercise that such Notice of Exercise has not violated the restrictions set forth in this paragraph, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock, a Holder may rely on the number of</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">outstanding shares of Common Stock as reflected in (A) the Company&#x2019;s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within two (2) Trading Days confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of shares of Common Stock then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding shares of Common Stock was reported. The &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Beneficial Ownership Limitation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d; shall be 9.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 19.99% of the number of shares of the Common Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Section 3</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Certain Adjustments</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">a) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Stock Dividends and Splits</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on shares of its Common Stock or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in shares of Common Stock (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding shares of Common Stock into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding shares of Common Stock into a smaller number of shares or (iv) issues by reclassification of shares of the Common Stock any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price of this Warrant shall remain unchanged. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">b) 	[</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Reserved</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">].</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">c) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Subsequent Rights Offerings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Common Stock Equivalents or rights to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any class of shares of Common Stock (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Purchase Rights</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, to the extent that the Holder&#x2019;s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such shares of Common Stock as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">d) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Pro Rata Distributions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to holders of shares of Common Stock, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, stock or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Distribution</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of shares of Common Stock acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of shares of Common Stock are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">provided</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">however</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">, to the extent that the Holder&#x2019;s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any shares of Common Stock as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">e) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Fundamental Transaction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person, in which the Company is not the surviving entity and in which the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such merger or consolidation do not own, directly or indirectly, at least 50% of the voting power of the surviving entity immediately after such merger or consolidation (excluding a merger effected solely to change the Company&#x2019;s name), (ii) the Company, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">disposition of all or substantially all of the its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Common Stock are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Common Stock or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Common Stock is effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property (other than as a result of a subdivision or combination of shares of Common Stock covered by Section 2(a) above), or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding shares of Common Stock or 50% or more of the voting power of the common equity of the Company (not including any shares of Common Stock held by the other Person or other Persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other Persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination) (each a &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Fundamental Transaction</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of shares of Common Stock of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Alternate Consideration</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of shares of Common Stock for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one share of Common Stock in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Common Stock are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction that is within the control of the Company, including having received approval by the Company&#x2019;s Board of Directors, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Successor Entity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant, in lieu of cash payment, a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant which is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the shares of Common Stock acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the shares of Common Stock pursuant to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term &#x201c;Company&#x201d; under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant referring to the &#x201c;Company&#x201d; shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">f) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Calculations</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of shares of Common Stock deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">g) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Notice to Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">i.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid #000000;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Adjustment to Exercise Price</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by facsimile or email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no Warrant Share or share of the Company shall be issued for a price that is less than the par value of such share.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="margin-left:6.667%;text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ii.	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Common Stock, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Common Stock, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Common Stock rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of capital stock of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any stockholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Common Stock, any consolidation or merger to which the Company is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Common Stock is converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by facsimile or email</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:13.333%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">to the Holder at its last facsimile number or email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register (as defined below) of the Company, at least 10 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Common Stock of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Common Stock of record shall be entitled to exchange their shares of the Common Stock for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of its subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Section 4</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Transfer of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">a) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Transferability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. This Warrant and all rights hereunder are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent (if issued in physical form), together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall cause the Warrant Agent to issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new Holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">b) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">New Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof to the Company and the Warrant Agent, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">c) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Register</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Warrant Agent shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Warrant Agent for that purpose (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Register</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company and the Warrant Agent may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Section 5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Miscellaneous</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">a) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">No Rights as Stockholder Until Exercise</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d)(i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">b) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company or the Warrant Agent of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will cause the Warrant Agent to deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">c) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day or Trading Day, then, such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day or Trading Day, as the case may be.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">d) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Authorized Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will reserve from its authorized and unissued Common Stock a sufficient number of shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Common Stock may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue). Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation,</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">amending its certificate of incorporation or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant. Before taking any action which would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">e) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Governing Law</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">f) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Restrictions</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:8pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">g) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Nonwaiver and Expenses</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder&#x2019;s rights, powers or remedies. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys&#x2019; fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">h) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Notices</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 22722 29th Drive, SE, Suite 100, Bothell, Washington 98021, Attention: Senior Paralegal, e-mail address: 	, or such other e-mail address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section 5(h) prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section 5(h) on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">  </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">i) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Limitation of Liability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Common Stock or as a stockholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">j) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Remedies</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">k) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Successors and Assigns</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of the Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">l) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Amendment</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holders or the beneficial owners of Warrants representing 67% of the Warrant Shares issuable under the Warrants then-outstanding as of the date such consent is sought, on the other hand.</font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">m) 	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Severability</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">n)	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Headings</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-7.143%;padding-left:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">o)	</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Agency Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. This Warrant is issued subject to the Warrant Agency Agreement. To the extent any provision of this Warrant conflicts with the express provisions of the Warrant Agency Agreement, the provisions of this Warrant shall govern and be controlling.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">********************</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(Signature Page Follows)</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">By:</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Name: Richard Stewart</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">NOTICE OF EXERCISE</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">TO: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase ________ Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">[  ] in lawful money of the United States; or</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">[  ] if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">____________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">____________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">____________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">____________________________</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Investing Entity: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">										</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:24pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">						</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:6pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Name of Authorized Signatory: </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;text-decoration:underline solid;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">									</font></p><p 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  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.5in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <hr style="margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;page-break-after:always;">
  <div style="padding-top:0.5in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ASSIGNMENT FORM</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to purchase shares.)</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to:</font></p>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:bottom;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(Please Print)</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
     <td colspan="2" style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:middle;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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     <td style="padding-top:0in;padding-left:0in;vertical-align:top;padding-bottom:0in;padding-right:0in;"><p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:1pt;border-bottom:0.75pt solid #000000;text-align:justify;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></td>
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<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
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  <title>EX-5.1</title>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:36pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 5.1</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:36pt;text-align:justify;"><img src="img223336490_0.jpg" alt="img223336490_0.jpg" style="width:624px;height:51px;"></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:36pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">June 27, 2025</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.<br>22722 29th Drive SE, Suite 100<br>Bothell, Washington 98021</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Re: Registration Statement on Form S-3</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Ladies and Gentlemen:</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">As counsel to Achieve Life Sciences, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Company</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), we deliver this opinion with respect to certain matters in connection with the offering by the Company of up to (a) 17,250,000 shares (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) of the Company&#x2019;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Common Stock</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), and (b) accompanying warrants (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Accompanying Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) to purchase up to 17,250,000 shares of Common Stock (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Accompanying Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) or pre-funded warrants (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Accompanying Pre-Funded Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">,&#x201d; and together with the Accompanying Warrants, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrants</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) to purchase up to 17,250,000 shares of Common Stock in lieu thereof (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Accompanying Pre-Funded Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">,&#x201d; and together with the Accompanying Warrant Shares, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Warrant Shares</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">,&#x201d; and collectively with the Shares and Warrants, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Securities</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) issued pursuant to that certain Underwriting Agreement (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Underwriting Agreement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), dated as of June 26, 2025, by and among the Company and Citizens JMP Securities, LLC and Raymond James &amp; Associates, Inc., as representatives of the several underwriters named therein. The Securities were registered pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-280585) filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Commission</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) on June 28, 2024 and declared effective on July 8, 2024 (the registration statement at the time it was declared effective, including the documents or portions thereof incorporated by reference therein, as modified or superseded as described therein, and the information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Securities Act</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Registration Statement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) under the Securities Act, including the prospectus dated July 8, 2024 included therein (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Base Prospectus</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), as supplemented by the final prospectus supplement dated June 26, 2025, filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus Supplement</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">,&#x201d; and together with the Base Prospectus, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Prospectus</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). The offering of the Securities by the Company pursuant to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Underwriting Agreement is referred to herein as the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Offering</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.&#x201d; This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">June 27, 2025</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Page </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related Prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Securities in the Offering.</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">As to matters of fact relevant to the opinions rendered herein, we have examined such documents, certificates and other instruments which we have deemed necessary or advisable, including a certificate addressed to us and dated the date hereof executed by the Company. We have not undertaken any independent investigation to verify the accuracy of any such information, representations or warranties or to determine the existence or absence of any fact, and no inference as to our knowledge of the existence or absence of any fact should be drawn from our representation of the Company or the rendering of the opinions set forth below. We have not considered parol evidence in connection with any of the agreements or instruments reviewed by us in connection with this letter.</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">In our examination of documents for purposes of this letter, we have assumed, and express no opinion as to, the genuineness and authenticity of all signatures on original documents, the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, that each document is what it purports to be, the conformity to originals of all documents submitted to us as copies or facsimile copies, the absence of any termination, modification or waiver of or amendment to any document reviewed by us (other than as has been disclosed to us), the legal competence or capacity of all persons or entities (other than the Company) executing the same and (other than the Company) the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents by each party thereto. We have also assumed the conformity of the documents filed with the Commission via the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System (&#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">EDGAR</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), except for required EDGAR formatting changes, to physical copies submitted for our examination.</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The opinions in this letter are limited to the existing General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware now in effect and, as to the Warrants constituting valid and binding obligations of the Company, the existing internal laws of the State of New York now in effect (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Applicable Laws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;). We express no opinion with respect to any other laws.</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">In connection with our opinions expressed below, we have assumed that (i) at or prior to the time of the issuance and delivery of the Securities there will not have occurred any change in the law or the facts affecting the validity of the Securities, (ii) at the time of the offer, issuance and sale of the Securities, no stop order suspending the Registration Statement&#x2019;s effectiveness will have been issued and remain in effect, (iii) no future amendments will be made to the Company&#x2019;s current certificate of incorporation (as amended from time to time, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Certificate of Incorporation</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), or the Company&#x2019;s Amended and Restated Bylaws (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Bylaws</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">,&#x201d; and together with the Certificate of Incorporation, the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Charter Documents</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;) that would be in conflict with or inconsistent with the Company&#x2019;s right and ability to issue the Securities, (iv) at the time of the issuance and sale of the Securities the Company will be validly existing as a corporation and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and (v) at the time of each exercise of the Warrants, the Company will have a sufficient number of authorized and unissued shares of the Common Stock available for issuance under the Certificate of Incorporation to permit full exercise of each of the Warrants in accordance with their terms without the breach or violation of any other agreement, commitment or obligation of the Company.</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">June 27, 2025</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Page </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">This opinion is qualified by, and is subject to, and we render no opinion with respect to, the following limitations and exceptions to the enforceability of the Warrants:</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#010000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.571084182443509%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(1)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The effect of the laws of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, arrangement, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance, assignment for the benefit of creditors, and other similar laws now or hereinafter in effect relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, including the effect of statutory or other laws regarding fraudulent transfers or preferential transfers.</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#010000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.571084182443509%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">(2)</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The effect of general principles of equity and similar principles, including, without limitation, concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, public policy and unconscionability, and the possible unavailability of specific performance, injunctive relief, or other equitable remedies, regardless of whether considered in a proceeding in equity or at law.</font></div></div><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">We express no opinion regarding the effectiveness of any waiver or stay, extension or of unknown future rights. Further, we express no opinion regarding the effect of provisions relating to indemnification, exculpation or contribution to the extent such provisions may be held unenforceable as contrary to federal or state securities laws or public policy.</font></p><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the qualifications and exceptions contained herein, we are of the following opinion:</font></p><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#010000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.571084182443509%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">1.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">the Shares, when issued, sold and delivered in the manner and for the consideration stated in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and in accordance with the resolutions adopted by the Company&#x2019;s board of directors and the pricing committee thereof (the &#x201c;</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Board</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x201d;), will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable;</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#010000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.571084182443509%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">2.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">the Warrants, when issued, sold and delivered in the manner and for the consideration stated in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and in accordance with the resolutions adopted by the Board, will be valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms; and</font></div></div><div class="item-list-element-wrapper" style="margin-left:6.667%;display:flex;margin-top:0;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:baseline;margin-bottom:12pt;min-width:3.333%;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#010000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:3.571084182443509%;word-break:keep-all;display:inline-flex;justify-content:flex-start;">3.</font><div style="display:inline;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">the Warrant Shares, when issued and delivered by the Company upon exercise of the Warrants, in accordance with the terms thereof, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</font></div></div><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">We consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Report on Form 8-K to be filed by the Company with the Commission in connection with the Offering and further consent to all references to us, if any, in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and any amendments thereto. In giving this consent we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-style:italic;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">[Concluding Paragraph Follows on Next Page]</font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">June 27, 2025</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Page </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="text-indent:6.667%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:justify;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">This opinion is intended solely for use in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities in the Offering subject to the Registration Statement and is not to be relied upon for any other purpose. In providing this letter, we are opining only as to the specific legal issues expressly set forth above, and no opinion shall be inferred as to any other matter or matters. This opinion is rendered on, and speaks only as of, the date of this letter first written above, is based solely on our understanding of facts in existence as of such date after the aforementioned examination and does not address any potential changes in facts, circumstance or law that may occur after the date of this opinion letter. We assume no obligation to advise you of any fact, circumstance, event or change in the law or the facts that may hereafter be brought to our attention, whether or not such occurrence would affect or modify any of the opinions expressed herein.</font></p><p style="margin-left:40%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Very truly yours,</font></p><p style="margin-left:40%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:40%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">/s/ Fenwick &amp; West LLP</font></p><p style="margin-left:40%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="margin-left:40%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">FENWICK &amp; WEST LLP</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 99.1</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences Announces Proposed Underwritten Public Offering</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:18pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">SEATTLE, Wash. and VANCOUVER, British Columbia, June 26, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#x2013; Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: ACHV), a late-stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the global development and commercialization of cytisinicline as a treatment of nicotine dependence for smoking cessation, today announced a proposed underwritten public offering in which it intends to offer and sell shares of its common stock (or pre-funded warrants to purchase common stock in lieu thereof) and accompanying common warrants to purchase common stock (or pre-funded warrants to purchase common stock in lieu thereof). In addition, Achieve intends to grant the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 15% of the shares of common stock and/or accompanying common warrants to purchase common stock (or pre-funded warrants to purchase common stock in lieu thereof) offered in the public offering. All of the securities are being offered by Achieve. The offering is subject to market and other conditions, and there can be no assurance as to whether or when the offering may be completed, or as to the actual size or terms of the offering.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Citizens Capital Markets and Raymond James are acting as the joint book-running managers for the proposed offering.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC is acting as financial advisor to Achieve in the proposed offering.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve intends to use the proceeds from the offering to fund continued advancement of cytisinicline through potential U.S. Food and Drug Administration marketing approval of cytisinicline and for working capital and general corporate purposes.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The securities are being offered by Achieve pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 previously filed and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). A preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus relating to this offering will be filed with the SEC. When available, copies of the preliminary prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus relating to this offering may be obtained from:</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Citizens Capital Markets, 450 Park Avenue, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10022, or by calling (415) 835-8985, or by email at syndicate@jmpsecurities.com and Raymond James at Equity Syndicate, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, Florida 33716, by telephone at (800) 248-8863, or by email at prospectus@raymondjames.com. Electronic copies of the preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus will also be available on the website of the SEC at </font><font><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">http://www.sec.gov</font></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">. The final terms of the offering will be disclosed in a final prospectus supplement to be filed with the SEC.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities of Achieve, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><img src="img9551541_0.jpg" alt="img9551541_0.jpg" style="width:107px;height:121px;"></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">About Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences is a late-stage specialty pharmaceutical company committed to addressing the global smoking health and nicotine dependence epidemic through the development and commercialization of cytisinicline. In June 2025, the company submitted its New Drug Application to the FDA for cytisinicline as a treatment of nicotine dependence for smoking cessation in adults, based on two successfully completed Phase 3 studies and its fully enrolled open-label safety study.  Additionally, the company has completed a Phase 2 study with cytisinicline in vaping cessation and conducted a successful end-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA for a future vaping indication.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">About Cytisinicline</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">There are approximately 29 million adults in the United States who smoke combustible cigarettes.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">1</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> Tobacco use is currently the leading cause of preventable death that is responsible for more than eight million deaths worldwide and nearly half a million deaths in the United States annually.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2,3</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> More than 87% of lung cancer deaths, 61% of all pulmonary disease deaths, and 32% of all deaths from coronary heart disease are attributable to smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">In addition, there are approximately 17 million adults in the United States who use e-cigarettes, also known as vaping.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> In 2024, approximately 1.6 million middle and high school students in the United States reported using e-cigarettes.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> There are no FDA-approved treatments indicated specifically as an aid to nicotine e-cigarette cessation. Cytisinicline has been granted Breakthrough Therapy designation by the FDA to address this critical need.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Cytisinicline is a plant-based alkaloid with a high binding affinity to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. It is believed to aid in treating nicotine addiction for smoking and e-cigarette cessation by interacting with nicotine receptors in the brain, reducing the severity of nicotine craving symptoms, and reducing the reward and satisfaction associated with nicotine products. Cytisinicline is an investigational product candidate being developed as a treatment of nicotine dependence for smoking cessation and has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for any indication in the United States.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Forward-Looking Statements</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the &#x201c;safe harbor&#x201d; provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to, statements regarding Achieve&#x2019;s intention to conduct an offering and sale of securities, the grant of the option to purchase additional securities, the ability to complete the offering and expected use of</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">	</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">proceeds, the timing and nature of cytisinicline clinical development and regulatory review and approval, data results and commercialization activities, the potential market size for cytisinicline, the potential benefits, efficacy, safety and tolerability of cytisinicline, the development and effectiveness of new treatments, and the successful commercialization of cytisinicline. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. Achieve may not actually achieve its plans or product development goals in a timely manner, if at all, or otherwise carry out its intentions or meet its expectations or projections disclosed in these forward-looking statements. There can be no assurance regarding the completion of this offering. These statements are based on management&#x2019;s current expectations and beliefs and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, including those risks described in the risk factors set forth in Achieve&#x2019;s Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Achieve undertakes no obligation to update the forward-looking statements contained herein or to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date hereof, other than as may be required by applicable law.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Investor Relations Contact</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Nicole Jones</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ir@achievelifesciences.com</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(425) 686-1510</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">References</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">1 VanFrank B, Malarcher A, Cornelius ME, Schecter A, Jamal A, Tynan M. Adult Smoking Cessation &#x2014; United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024;73:633&#x2013;641.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2 World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking &#x2013; 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General, 2014.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4 Vahratian A, Briones EM, Jamal A, Marynak KL. Electronic cigarette use among adults in the United States, 2019&#x2013;2023. NCHS Data Brief, no 524. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2025. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/ 10.15620/cdc/174583.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">5</font><font style="color:#424242;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Arial;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Jamal A, Park-Lee E, Birdsey J, et al. Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students &#x2014; National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024;73:917&#x2013;924.</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="margin-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:right;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">EXHIBIT 99.2</font></p><p style="margin-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:center;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences Announces Pricing of $45.0 Million Underwritten Public Offering</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">SEATTLE and VANCOUVER, British Columbia, June 26, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) </font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">-- Achieve Life Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: ACHV), a late-stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the global development and commercialization of cytisinicline as a treatment of nicotine dependence for smoking cessation, today announced the pricing of an underwritten public offering of 15,000,000 shares of its common stock and accompanying common warrants to purchase up to 15,000,000 shares of common stock. The shares of common stock and accompanying common warrants were offered collectively at a price to the public of $3.00 per share and accompanying common warrant. Achieve has also granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,250,000 shares of common stock and/or accompanying common warrants to purchase up to an additional 2,250,000 shares of common stock (or pre-funded warrants in lieu thereof) in connection with the public offering.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Each common warrant will be exercisable, at the purchaser&#x2019;s election, for either common stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share or for pre-funded warrants, with an exercise price of $2.999 per pre-funded warrant. Such common stock warrants are exercisable any time after the date of issuance, subject to certain ownership limitations, and will expire five years from the date of issuance.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">All of the securities are being offered by Achieve. The offering is expected to close on or about June 30, 2025, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Citizens Capital Markets and Raymond James are acting as the joint book-running managers in the offering. Lake Street Capital Markets, LLC is acting as financial advisor to Achieve in the offering.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The aggregate gross proceeds from this offering are expected to be approximately $45.0 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by Achieve. Achieve intends to use the proceeds from the offering to fund continued advancement of cytisinicline through potential U.S. Food and Drug Administration marketing approval of cytisinicline and for working capital and general corporate purposes.</font></p><p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">The securities are being offered by Achieve pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-3 previously filed and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). A final prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus relating to and describing the terms of the offering will be filed with the SEC and will be available on the SEC&#x2019;s website at www.sec.gov. Copies of the final prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus may also be obtained, when available, from: Citizens Capital Markets, at 450 Park Avenue, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10022, or by calling (415) 835-8985, or by email at syndicate@jmpsecurities.com and Raymond James at Equity Syndicate, 880 Carillon Parkway, St. Petersburg, Florida 33716, by telephone at (800) 248-8863, or by email at </font><font><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">prospectus@raymondjames.com</font></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities of Achieve, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
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  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:center;"><img src="img10475062_0.jpg" alt="img10475062_0.jpg" style="width:114px;height:128px;"></p><p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">About Achieve Life Sciences, Inc.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Achieve Life Sciences is a late-stage specialty pharmaceutical company committed to addressing the global smoking health and nicotine dependence epidemic through the development and commercialization of cytisinicline. In June 2025, the company submitted its New Drug Application to the FDA for cytisinicline as a treatment of nicotine dependence for smoking cessation in adults, based on two successfully completed Phase 3 studies and its fully enrolled open-label safety study.  Additionally, the company has completed a Phase 2 study with cytisinicline in vaping cessation and conducted a successful end-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA for a future vaping indication.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">About Cytisinicline</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">There are approximately 29 million adults in the United States who smoke combustible cigarettes.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">1</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> Tobacco use is currently the leading cause of preventable death that is responsible for more than eight million deaths worldwide and nearly half a million deaths in the United States annually.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2,3</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> More than 87% of lung cancer deaths, 61% of all pulmonary disease deaths, and 32% of all deaths from coronary heart disease are attributable to smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:12pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">In addition, there are approximately 17 million adults in the United States who use e-cigarettes, also known as vaping.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> In 2024, approximately 1.6 million middle and high school students in the United States reported using e-cigarettes.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> There are no FDA-approved treatments indicated specifically as an aid to nicotine e-cigarette cessation. Cytisinicline has been granted Breakthrough Therapy designation by the FDA to address this critical need.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Cytisinicline is a plant-based alkaloid with a high binding affinity to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. It is believed to aid in treating nicotine addiction for smoking and e-cigarette cessation by interacting with nicotine receptors in the brain, reducing the severity of nicotine craving symptoms, and reducing the reward and satisfaction associated with nicotine products. Cytisinicline is an investigational product candidate being developed as a treatment of nicotine dependence for smoking cessation and has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for any indication in the United States.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Forward-Looking Statements</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the &#x201c;safe harbor&#x201d; provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including, but not limited to,</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"> </font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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  <div style="padding-top:0.49in;z-index:2;min-height:1in;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div class="main-content-container" style="z-index:5;position:relative;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">statements regarding the timing, size and expected gross proceeds of the offering, the expected use of the proceeds, the satisfaction of customary closing conditions related to the offering and sale of securities, Achieve&#x2019;s ability to complete the offering, the timing and nature of cytisinicline clinical development and regulatory review and approval, data results and commercialization activities, the potential market size for cytisinicline, the potential benefits, efficacy, safety and tolerability of cytisinicline, the development and effectiveness of new treatments, and the successful commercialization of cytisinicline. All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. Achieve may not actually achieve its plans or product development goals in a timely manner, if at all, or otherwise carry out its intentions or meet its expectations or projections disclosed in these forward-looking statements. There can be no assurance regarding the completion of this offering. These statements are based on management&#x2019;s current expectations and beliefs and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, , including those risks described in the risk factors set forth in Achieve&#x2019;s Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Achieve undertakes no obligation to update the forward-looking statements contained herein or to reflect events or circumstances occurring after the date hereof, other than as may be required by applicable law.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Investor Relations Contact</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Nicole Jones</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">ir@achievelifesciences.com</font></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">(425) 686-1510</font></p><p style="text-indent:-0.093%;padding-left:0.093%;font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0.25pt;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-weight:bold;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">References</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">1</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">VanFrank B, Malarcher A, Cornelius ME, Schecter A, Jamal A, Tynan M. Adult Smoking Cessation &#x2014; United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024;73:633&#x2013;641.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">2</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">3</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking &#x2013; 50 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General, 2014.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">4</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Vahratian A, Briones EM, Jamal A, Marynak KL. Electronic cigarette use among adults in the United States, 2019&#x2013;2023. NCHS Data Brief, no 524. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2025. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/ 10.15620/cdc/174583.</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;"><br></font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;vertical-align:super;font-size:7.37pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">5</font><font style="color:#000000;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:11pt;font-family:'Aptos',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">Jamal A, Park-Lee E, Birdsey J, et al. Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students &#x2014; National Youth Tobacco Survey, United States, 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2024;73:917&#x2013;924.</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:10pt;font-family:Times New Roman;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
  <div style="z-index:2;flex-direction:column;display:flex;padding-bottom:0.49in;min-height:1in;justify-content:flex-end;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;"><p style="font-size:10pt;margin-top:0;font-family:Times New Roman;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;"><font style="white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:12pt;font-family:'Calibri',sans-serif;font-kerning:none;min-width:fit-content;">&#160;</font></p></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>10
<FILENAME>achv-20250626.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA WITH EMBEDDED LINKBASES DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2025-06-27T17:25:32.6331+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2025 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20250626" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" xmlns:enum2="http://xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:achv="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20250626" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025"/>
  <xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:appinfo>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20250626/taxonomy/role/Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" id="Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
        <link:definition>75000 - Document - Document and Entity Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:linkbase id="lnk">
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#all" xlink:type="simple"/>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-default" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-default" xlink:type="simple"/>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-domain" xlink:type="simple"/>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#domain-member" xlink:type="simple"/>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#hypercube-dimension" xlink:type="simple"/>
        <link:arcroleRef arcroleURI="http://www.esma.europa.eu/xbrl/esef/arcrole/wider-narrower" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/arcrole/esma-arcrole-2018-11-21.xsd#wider-narrower" xlink:type="simple"/>
        <link:roleRef roleURI="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20250626/taxonomy/role/Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:href="achv-20250626.xsd#Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:type="simple"/>
        <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:title="labelLink" xlink:type="extended">
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_OtherAddressMember" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Amendment Flag</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Amendment Flag</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address Address Line 1</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Type</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Type</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Information [Line Items]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address Address Line 2</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Written Communications</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Written Communications</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Period End Date</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Period End Date</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity File Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Securities Act File Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Other Address [Member]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Principal Address</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Information [Table]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Trading Symbol</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Trading Symbol</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Address Type [Domain]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Addresses, Address Type [Axis]</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">City Area Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">City Area Code</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Soliciting Material</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Soliciting Material</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Local Phone Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Local Phone Number</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
          <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:type="resource" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherAddressMember" xlink:to="dei_OtherAddressMember_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:to="dei_DocumentInformationTable_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl"/>
          <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl"/>
        </link:labelLink>
        <link:presentationLink xlink:role="http://ir.achievelifesciences.com/20250626/taxonomy/role/Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" xlink:title="presentationLink" xlink:type="extended">
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationLineItems" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationLineItems"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentInformationTable" xlink:label="dei_DocumentInformationTable"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AddressTypeDomain" xlink:label="dei_AddressTypeDomain"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_OtherAddressMember" xlink:label="dei_OtherAddressMember"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol"/>
          <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName"/>
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          <link:definitionArc xlink:type="arc" order="0" xbrldt:closed="false" xlink:arcrole="http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis" xlink:to="dei_AddressTypeDomain" priority="2" use="optional"/>
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</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>12
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jun. 26, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jun. 26,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">ACHIEVE LIFE SCIENCES, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000949858<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">033-80623<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">95-4343413<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address Address Line 1</a></td>
<td class="text">22722 29th Drive SE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address Address Line 2</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 100<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Bothell<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">WA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">98021<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">604<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">210-2217<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">ACHV<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_OtherAddressMember', window );">Principal Address</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address Address Line 1</a></td>
<td class="text">1040 West Georgia<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address Address Line 2</a></td>
<td class="text">Suite 1030<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Vancouver<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">BC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">V6E 4H1<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_OtherAddressMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressesAddressTypeAxis=dei_OtherAddressMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
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