Loans And Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

NOTE 4 – LOANS AND LEASES

The following table presents the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment. The recorded investment in loans and leases includes the principal balance outstanding adjusted for purchase premiums and discounts, and deferred loan fees and costs.



	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Commercial ⁽¹⁾	$	439,895	$	427,423
Real estate:
Single-family residential		478,224		465,057
Multi-family residential		130,778		104,148
Commercial		433,026		375,092
Construction		190,722		184,122
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit		35,960		30,748
Other		2,393		1,727
Subtotal		1,710,998		1,588,317
Less: ACL – Loans		(16,865)		(16,062)
Loans and Leases, net	$	1,694,133	$	1,572,255

⁽¹⁾Includes $13,497 and $20,768 of commercial leases at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans (ACL – Loans)

As discussed in Note 1, effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASC 326. Results for the periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under ASC 326, while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with the “incurred loss” model under previously applicable GAAP.

The ACL - Loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans and leases to present the net amount expected to be collected on loans over the contractual term. The ACL - Loans is adjusted by the provision for credit losses, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by charge offs for loans, net of recoveries. Provision for credit losses on loans reflects the totality of actions taken on all loans for a particular period including any necessary increases or decreases in the allowance related to changes in credit loss expectations associated with specific loans or pools of loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when the uncollectibility of the loan is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off.

The ACL - Loans represents the Company's best estimate of current expected credit losses (CECL) on loans using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The CECL calculation is performed and evaluated quarterly and losses are estimated over the expected life of the loan. The level of the ACL - Loans is believed to be adequate to absorb all expected future losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the measurement date.

In calculating the ACL - Loans, the loan portfolio was pooled into loan segments with similar risk characteristics. Common characteristics include the type or purpose of the loan, underlying collateral and historical/expected credit loss patterns. In developing the loan segments, the Company analyzed the degree of correlation in how loans within each portfolio respond when subjected to varying economic conditions and scenarios as well as other portfolio stress factors.

The expected credit losses are measured over the life of each loan segment utilizing the average charge-off methodology combined with economic forecast models to estimate the current expected credit loss inherent in the loan portfolio. This approach is also leveraged to estimate the expected credit losses associated with unfunded loan commitments incorporating expected utilization rates.

The Company sub-segmented certain commercial portfolios by risk level where appropriate. The Company utilized a one-year reasonable and supportable economic forecast period.

The Company qualitatively adjusts model results for risk factors that are not inherently considered in the historical losses, but are nonetheless relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan portfolio. These adjustments may increase or decrease the estimate of expected credit losses based upon the assessed level of risk for each qualitative factor. The various risks that may be considered in making qualitative adjustments include, among other things, the impact of (i) changes in economic conditions, (ii) changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, (iii) changes in the existence, growth and effect of any concentrations in credit, (iv) changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and practices for collections, write-offs, and recoveries, (v) changes in the quality of the credit review function, (vi) changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff, (vii) changes in the volume and severity of past due and adversely classified loans and the volume of non-accrual loans, (viii) changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans, and (ix) other environmental factors such as regulatory, legal and technological considerations, as well as competition.

In some cases, management may determine that an individual loan exhibits unique risk characteristics which differentiate the loan from other loans within the loan segments. In such cases, the loans are evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and excluded from the collective evaluation. Specific reserves in the allowance for credit losses are determined by analyzing the borrower's ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies, the relative risk grade of the loan and economic conditions affecting the borrower's industry, among other things. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when, based upon management's assessment, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In such cases, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date, adjusted for estimated selling costs if satisfaction of the loan depends on the sale of the collateral. The fair value of collateral supporting collateral dependent loans is evaluated on a quarterly basis.

The following table presents the activity in the ACL - Loans by portfolio segment for the year ended December 31, 2023.


	December 31, 2023
			Real Estate									Consumer
	Commercial		Single-family		Multi-family		Commercial		Construction		Home equity lines of credit		Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses
Balances, December 31, 2022	$	4,764	$	3,914	$	997	$	3,384	$	2,644	$	333	$	26	$	16,062
Impact of adoption of ASC 326		877		(958)		66		726		(1,019)		(129)		28		(409)
Balances, January 1, 2023 Post-ASC 326 adoption		5,641		2,956		1,063		4,110		1,625		204		54		15,653
Provision of credit losses		933		375		168		(5)		82		126		179		1,858
Recoveries on loans		85		40		-		-		-		4		3		132
Loans charged off		(775)		-		-		-		-		-		(3)		(778)
Balances, December 31, 2023	$	5,884	$	3,371	$	1,231	$	4,105	$	1,707	$	334	$	233	$	16,865

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses under prior GAAP (Incurred Loss Model):

Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2023, the Company maintained an allowance for loan and lease losses (ALLL) in accordance with the Incurred Loss Model.

The following tables present the activity in the ALLL by portfolio segment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:


	December 31, 2022
			Real Estate								Consumer
	Commercial		Single-family		Multi-family		Commercial		Construction		Home Equity lines of credit		Other		Total
Beginning balance	$	4,127	$	3,348	$	827	$	5,034	$	1,744	$	272	$	156	$	15,508
Addition to (reduction in) ‎provision for loan losses		900		547		170		(1,650)		900		50		(130)		787
Charge-offs		(263)		-		-		-		-		-		-		(263)
Recoveries		-		19		-		-		-		11		-		30
Ending balance	$	4,764	$	3,914	$	997	$	3,384	$	2,644	$	333	$	26	$	16,062


	December 31, 2021
			Real Estate								Consumer
	Commercial		Single-family		Multi-family		Commercial		Construction		Home Equity lines of credit		Other		Total
Beginning balance	$	3,426	$	1,299	$	467	$	9,184	$	2,254	$	276	$	116	$	17,022
Addition to (reduction in) ‎provision for loan losses		645		2,040		360		(4,150)		(510)		(25)		40		(1,600)
Charge-offs		-		(17)		-		-		-		-		-		(17)
Recoveries		56		26		-		-		-		21		-		103
Ending balance	$	4,127	$	3,348	$	827	$	5,034	$	1,744	$	272	$	156	$	15,508

Determining fair value for collateral dependent loans requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, which includes selling costs if applicable, to the value. The fair value of real estate is generally based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The appraisers typically determine the value of the real estate by utilizing an income or market valuation approach. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a cash flow analysis. The fair value of other collateral such as business assets is typically ascertained by assessing, either singularly or some combination of, asset appraisals, accounts receivable aging reports, inventory listings and/or customer financial statements. Both appraised values and values based on the borrower’s financial information are discounted as considered appropriate based on age and quality of the information and current market conditions.

The table below presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by loan class and their respective collateral types, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses.


	December 31, 2023
	Residential Real Estate		Other		Total		Allowance on Collateral Dependent Loans
Commercial	$	-	$	449	$	449	$	44
Real estate:
Single-family residential		90		-		90		-
Total	$	90	$	449	$	539	$	44

The following table presents the balance in the ALLL and the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment and based on impairment method as of December 31, 2022:



				Real Estate									Consumer
	Commercial			Single- ‎family			Multi- ‎family		Commercial		Construction		Home Equity ‎lines of credit		Other		Total
ALLL:
Ending allowance balance attributable to loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	-	⁽¹⁾	$	-	⁽¹⁾	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Collectively evaluated for impairment		4,764			3,914			997		3,384		2,644		333		26		16,062
Total ending allowance balance	$	4,764		$	3,914		$	997	$	3,384	$	2,644	$	333	$	26	$	16,062

Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	80		$	95		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	175
Collectively evaluated for impairment		427,343			464,962			104,148		375,092		184,122		30,748		1,727		1,588,142
Total ending loan balance	$	427,423		$	465,057		$	104,148	$	375,092	$	184,122	$	30,748	$	1,727	$	1,588,317

⁽¹⁾Allowance recorded is less than $1 resulting in rounding to zero.

The following tables present loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. The unpaid principal balance is the contractual principal balance outstanding. The recorded investment is the unpaid principal balance adjusted for partial charge-offs, purchase premiums and discounts, deferred loan fees and costs. Cash payments of interest on these loans during the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 totaled $47 and $169, respectively.


At or for the year ended December 31, 2022:
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		ALLL Allocated		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Commercial:
Owner occupied	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Total with no allowance recorded		-		-		-		-		-

With an allowance recorded:
Commercial ⁽¹⁾		371		80		-		125		1
Real estate:
Single-family residential ⁽¹⁾		95		95		-		97		5
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied		-		-		-		350		17
Total with an allowance recorded		466		175		-		572		23
Total	$	466	$	175	$	-	$	572	$	23

⁽¹⁾Allowance recorded is less than $1 resulting in rounding to zero


At or for the year ended December 31, 2021:
	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		ALLL Allocated		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Real estate:
Commercial:
Owner occupied	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Total with no allowance recorded		-		-		-		-		-

With an allowance recorded:
Commercial ⁽¹⁾		485		221		-		241		9
Real estate:
Single-family residential ⁽¹⁾		99		99		-		101		6
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied		2,658		2,658		20		2,688		150
Total with an allowance recorded		3,242		2,978		20		3,030		165
Total	$	3,242	$	2,978	$	20	$	3,030	$	165

⁽¹⁾Allowance recorded is less than $1 resulting in rounding to zero

The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans by class of loans at December 31, 2023:



	Non-Accrual Loans		Non-Accrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit Losses
Commercial	$	5,048	$	1,658
Real estate:
Single-family residential		627		627
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit:		17		17
Other consumer		30		30
Total nonaccrual loans	$	5,722	$	2,332

Of the $5.7 million of nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2023, $1.1 million is guaranteed by the SBA.

The following table presents the recorded investment in nonperforming loans by class of loans as of December 31, 2022:


	2022
Loans past due over 90 days still on accrual	$	-
Nonaccrual loans:
Commercial		99
Real estate:
Single-family residential		641
Commercial:
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit:
Originated for portfolio		18
Purchased for portfolio		-
Other consumer		3
Total nonaccrual		761
Total nonperforming loans	$	761

Nonaccrual loans include both single-family mortgage, consumer loans and commercial leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans. There were no loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases by class of loans as of December 31, 2023:


	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or more Past Due		Total Past Due		Loans Not Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans Not 90 days or more Past Due
Commercial	$	98	$	-	$	622	$	720	$	439,175	$	4,426
Real estate:
Single-family residential		165		372		563		1,100		477,124		64
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-		130,778		-
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied		-		-		-		-		228,548		-
Owner occupied		-		-		-		-		183,773		-
Land		-		-		-		-		20,705		-
Construction		-		-		-		-		190,722		-
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit:
Originated for portfolio		97		-		17		114		35,846		-
Purchased for portfolio		-		-		-		-		-		-
Other		-		-		30		30		2,363		-
Total	$	360	$	372	$	1,232	$	1,964	$	1,709,034	$	4,490

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases by class of loans as of December 31, 2022:



	30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or more Past Due		Total Past Due		Loans Not Past Due		Nonaccrual Loans Not 90 days or more Past Due
Commercial	$	255	$	-	$	99	$	354	$	427,069	$	-
Real estate:
Single-family residential		966		167		563		1,696		463,361		78
Multi-family residential		-		-		-		-		104,148		-
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied		-		-		-		-		169,686		-
Owner occupied		-		-		-		-		172,698		-
Land		-		-		-		-		32,708		-
Construction		-		-		-		-		184,122		-
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit:
Originated for portfolio		29		-		18		47		30,701		-
Purchased for portfolio		-		-		-		-		-		-
Other		-		-		3		3		1,724		-
Total	$	1,250	$	167	$	683	$	2,100	$	1,586,217	$	78

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs):

Prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02, from time to time, the terms of certain loans were modified as TDRs, where concessions were granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. The modification of the terms of such loans may have included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan; an increase in the stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk; an extension of the maturity date; or a change in the payment terms.

As of December 31, 2022, TDRs totaled $175. The Company allocated $0 of specific reserves to loans modified in TDRs as of December 31, 2022. The Company had not committed to lend any additional amounts as of December 31, 2022 to customers with outstanding loans that were classified as nonaccrual TDRs.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, there were no loans modified as a TDR.

There was one TDR that went into payment default during the year ended December 31, 2022.

In order to determine whether a borrower was experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation was performed of the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. This evaluation was performed under the Company’s internal underwriting policy.

Nonaccrual loans include loans that were modified and identified as TDRs and the loans are not performing. At December 31, 2022, nonaccrual TDRs were as follows:




	2022
Commercial	$	80
Total	$	80

Nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2022 did not include $95 of TDRs where customers had established a sustained period of repayment performance, generally six months, the loans were current according to their modified terms and repayment of the remaining contractual payments was expected. These loans are included in total impaired loans.

‎

Loan Modifications:

The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 during the first quarter of 2023. This amendment eliminated the TDR recognition and measurement guidance and, instead, required that an entity evaluate (consistent with the accounting for other loan modifications) whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loans. The amendments also enhanced existing disclosure requirements and introduced new requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company modified one commercial loan, totaling $2.9 million, where the borrower was experiencing financial difficulty. The loan was modified to defer principal and interest payments for up to one year. For any period where the payments are deferred, the note will accrue at a higher rate of interest. The loan was not past due during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Credit Quality Indicators:

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. Management analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes commercial, commercial real estate and multi-family residential real estate loans. Internal loan reviews for these loan types are typically performed annually, and more often for loans with higher credit risk. Adjustments to loan risk ratings are based on the reviews and at any time information is received that may affect risk ratings. The following definitions are used for risk ratings:

Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of CFBank’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that there will be some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, condition and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loans not meeting the criteria to be classified into one of the above categories are considered to be not rated or pass-rated loans. Loans listed as not rated are included in groups of homogeneous loans. Past due information is the primary credit indicator for groups of homogenous loans. Loans listed as pass-rated are loans that are subject to internal loan reviews and are determined not to meet the criteria required to be classified as special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss.

‎

The following table summarizes the risk grading of the Company’s loan portfolio by loan class and by year of origination for the years indicated as of December 31, 2023. Consumer and Single-family residential loans are not risk graded. For purposes of this disclosure, those loans are classified in the following manner: loans that are 89 days or less past due and accruing are “performing” loans and loans greater than 89 days past due or in nonaccrual are “nonperforming” loans.


	Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year)
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving loans amortized cost basis		Revolving loans converted to term		Total
Commercial and Industrial
Pass	$	32,965	$	86,433	$	90,297	$	45,670	$	3,189	$	9,888	$	159,065	$	1,078	$	428,585
Special Mention		-		-		2,807		-		84		-		-		-		2,891
Substandard		-		384		7,537		-		-		-		50		-		7,971
Doubtful		-		448		-		-		-		-		-		-		448
Total Commercial and industrial loans		32,965		87,265		100,641		45,670		3,273		9,888		159,115		1,078		439,895
Current period gross charge-offs		-		564		211		-		-		-		-		-		775
Real estate loans:
Single-family residential
Payment performance
Performing		42,655		131,416		231,379		45,785		9,584		16,778						477,597
Nonperforming		-		-		-		-		-		627		-		-		627
Total Single-family residential loans		42,655		131,416		231,379		45,785		9,584		17,405		-		-		478,224
Multi-family residential
Pass		24,839		8,776		53,815		7,311		15,772		20,265		-		-		130,778
Total Multi-family residential loans		24,839		8,776		53,815		7,311		15,772		20,265		-		-		130,778
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied
Pass		57,092		27,068		61,990		15,085		20,101		45,725		982		-		228,043
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		505		-		-		-		505
Total Non-owner occupied loans		57,092		27,068		61,990		15,085		20,606		45,725		982		-		228,548
Owner occupied
Pass		20,353		55,169		50,210		19,775		18,751		18,768		68		-		183,094
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		679		-		-		-		679
Total Owner occupied loans		20,353		55,169		50,210		19,775		19,430		18,768		68		-		183,773
Land
Pass		7,932		6,037		6,177		-		149		410		-		-		20,705
Total Land loans		7,932		6,037		6,177		-		149		410		-		-		20,705
Construction
Pass		31,739		78,602		61,435		4,174		-		-		14,772		-		190,722
Total Construction loans		31,739		78,602		61,435		4,174		-		-		14,772		-		190,722
Total Real Estate loans		184,610		307,068		465,006		92,130		65,541		102,573		15,822		-		1,232,750
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit:
Payment performance
Performing		-		-		-		-		-		-		33,510		2,433		35,943
Nonperforming		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		17		17
Total Home equity lines of credit		-		-		-		-		-		-		33,510		2,450		35,960
Other
Payment performance																		-
Performing		-		-		-		12		-		216		2,135		-		2,363
Nonperforming		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		30		30
Total Other consumer loans		-		-		-		12		-		216		2,135		30		2,393
Current period gross charge-offs		-		-		-		-		-		3		-		-		3
Total loans	$	217,575	$	394,333	$	565,647	$	137,812	$	68,814	$	112,677	$	210,582	$	3,558	$	1,710,998
Total current period gross charge-offs	$	-	$	564	$	211	$	-	$	-	$	3	$	-	$	-	$	778

The recorded investment in loans and leases by risk category and by class of loans as of December 31, 2022 and based on the most recent analysis performed follows.


	Not Rated		Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Doubtful		Total
Commercial	$	-	$	422,673	$	4,651	$	19	$	80	$	427,423
Real estate:
Single-family residential		451,939		12,477		-		641		-		465,057
Multi-family residential		-		104,148		-		-		-		104,148
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied		-		168,731		955		-		-		169,686
Owner occupied		-		171,998		700		-		-		172,698
Land		-		32,708		-		-		-		32,708
Construction		3,084		180,520		518		-		-		184,122
Consumer:
Home equity lines of credit:
Originated for portfolio		30,730		-		-		18		-		30,748
Purchased for portfolio		-		-		-		-		-		-
Other		1,724		-		-		3		-		1,727
	$	487,477	$	1,093,255	$	6,824	$	681	$	80	$	1,588,317

Direct Financing Leases:

The following lists the components of the net investment in direct financing leases:


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total minimum lease payments to be received	$	14,343	$	22,533
Less: unearned income		(863)		(1,798)
Plus: indirect initial costs		17		33
Net investment in direct financing leases	$	13,497	$	20,768

The following summarizes the future minimum lease payments receivable in subsequent fiscal years:


2024	$	5,917
2025		5,097
2026		2,736
2027		543
2028		50
	$	14,343