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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________________to ________________

Commission File Number: 0-25045

CF BANKSHARES INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware | 34-1877137
( State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
4960 E. Dublin Granville Road Suite #400 Columbus, OH | 43081
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (614) 334-7979

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
(Voting) Common Stock, $.01 par value |  | CFBK |  | The NASDAQ Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☒
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☒
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 8, 2025, there were 5,219,630 share s of the registrant’s (Voting) Common Stock outstanding and 1,260,700 shares of the registrant’s Non-Voting Common Stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

CF BANKSHARES INC.

|  |  |  | Page
PART I. |  | Financial Information |  | 2
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements |  | 2
|  | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024 |  | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) |  | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) |  | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) |  | 5
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) |  | 6
|  | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)) |  | 8
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 35
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 45
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 46
PART II. |  | Other Information |  | 47
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 47
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 47
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 47
Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 47
Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 47
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  | 47
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 49
Signatures |  |  |  | 50

Table of Contents

CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands except per share data)

| March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
| (unaudited) |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ |  | 240,986 |  |  | $ |  | 235,272 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions |  |  | 100 |  |  |  |  | 100 |
Securities available for sale |  |  | 8,793 |  |  |  |  | 8,683 |
Equity securities |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 5,000 |
Loans held for sale, at fair value |  |  | 3,505 |  |  |  |  | 2,623 |
Loans and leases, net of allowance for credit losses of $17,803 and $17,474, respectively |  |  | 1,750,139 |  |  |  |  | 1,722,019 |
FHLB and FRB stock |  |  | 8,022 |  |  |  |  | 8,918 |
Foreclosed assets, net |  |  | 524 |  |  |  |  | - |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 3,472 |  |  |  |  | 3,536 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 5,925 |  |  |  |  | 6,087 |
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 27,341 |  |  |  |  | 27,116 |
Accrued interest receivable and other assets |  |  | 45,874 |  |  |  |  | 46,169 |
Total assets | $ |  | 2,094,681 |  |  | $ |  | 2,065,523 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest bearing | $ |  | 291,800 |  |  | $ |  | 273,668 |
Interest bearing |  |  | 1,491,889 |  |  |  |  | 1,482,127 |
Total deposits |  |  | 1,783,689 |  |  |  |  | 1,755,795 |
FHLB advances and other debt |  |  | 92,689 |  |  |  |  | 92,680 |
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance |  |  | 1,346 |  |  |  |  | 2,238 |
Operating lease liabilities |  |  | 6,083 |  |  |  |  | 6,229 |
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities |  |  | 23,183 |  |  |  |  | 25,144 |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 15,009 |  |  |  |  | 15,000 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,921,999 |  |  |  |  | 1,897,086 |
Commitments and contingent liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Stockholders' equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.01 par value; shares authorized: 9,090,909, including 1,260,700 shares of non-voting common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Voting common stock, $0.01 par value; shares issued: 5,618,841 at March 31, 2025 and 5,539,586 at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 56 |  |  |  |  | 55 |
Non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value; shares issued: 1,260,700 at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  | 13 |
Series D preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 5,000 shares authorized; 2,000 shares issued at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 92,527 |  |  |  |  | 92,225 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 92,267 |  |  |  |  | 88,290 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (1,725 | ) |  |  |  | (1,803 | )
Treasury stock, at cost; 402,782 shares of voting common stock at March 31, 2025 and 398,201 shares of voting common stock at December 31, 2024 |  |  | (10,456 | ) |  |  |  | (10,343 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  |  | 172,682 |  |  |  |  | 168,437 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ |  | 2,094,681 |  |  | $ |  | 2,065,523 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

2

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Dollars in thousands except per share data)

(Unaudited)

| Three months ended
| March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Interest and dividend income |  |  |  |  |
Loans and leases, including fees | $ | 26,815 |  | $ | 26,010
Securities |  | 139 |  |  | 129
FHLB and FRB stock dividends |  | 174 |  |  | 165
Federal funds sold and other |  | 2,072 |  |  | 2,782
|  | 29,200 |  |  | 29,086
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | 15,253 |  |  | 16,650
FHLB advances and other debt |  | 714 |  |  | 785
Subordinated debentures |  | 324 |  |  | 367
|  | 16,291 |  |  | 17,802
Net interest income |  | 12,909 |  |  | 11,284
Provision for credit losses |  |  |  |  |
Provision for credit losses-loans |  | 352 |  |  | 1,317
Provision (reversal) for credit losses-unfunded commitments |  | 230 |  |  | (80)
|  | 582 |  |  | 1,237
Net interest income after provision for credit losses |  | 12,327 |  |  | 10,047
Noninterest income |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts |  | 667 |  |  | 559
Net gains on sales of residential mortgage loans |  | 114 |  |  | 90
Net gains (losses) on sales of commercial loans |  | (18) |  |  | 167
Net loss on sale of equity security |  | (103) |  |  | —
Earnings on bank owned life insurance |  | 225 |  |  | 204
Other |  | 321 |  |  | (115)
|  | 1,206 |  |  | 905
Noninterest expense |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  | 4,183 |  |  | 3,508
Occupancy and equipment |  | 434 |  |  | 434
Data processing |  | 674 |  |  | 615
Franchise and other taxes |  | 303 |  |  | 286
Professional fees |  | 787 |  |  | 663
Director fees |  | 177 |  |  | 125
Postage, printing and supplies |  | 49 |  |  | 44
Advertising and marketing |  | 44 |  |  | 14
Telephone |  | 55 |  |  | 51
Loan expenses |  | 325 |  |  | 447
Foreclosed assets, net |  | 1 |  |  | —
Depreciation |  | 118 |  |  | 130
FDIC premiums |  | 546 |  |  | 600
Regulatory assessment |  | 65 |  |  | 65
Other insurance |  | 46 |  |  | 56
Other |  | 147 |  |  | 149
|  | 7,954 |  |  | 7,187
Income before incomes taxes |  | 5,579 |  |  | 3,765
Income tax expense |  | 1,149 |  |  | 695
Net income | $ | 4,430 |  | $ | 3,070
Earnings allocated to participating securities (Series D preferred stock) |  | (136) |  |  | (57)
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 4,294 |  | $ | 3,013
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.68 |  | $ | 0.48
Diluted | $ | 0.68 |  | $ | 0.47

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

Table of Contents

CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Dollars in thousands except per share data)

(Unaudited)

| Three months ended |
| March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income | $ |  | 4,430 |  |  | $ |  | 3,070 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period related to securities available for sale, net of tax of $20 and $2 |  |  | 78 |  |  |  |  | 9 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  | 78 |  |  |  |  | 9 |
Comprehensive income | $ |  | 4,508 |  |  | $ |  | 3,079 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

Table of Contents

CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Dollars in thousands except per share data)

(Unaudited)

Three months ended March 31, 2025 | Voting Common Stock |  | Non- Voting Common Stock |  | Series D Preferred Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at January 1, 2025 | $ | 55 |  | $ | 13 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 92,225 |  | $ | 88,290 |  | $ | (1,803) |  | $ | (10,343) |  | $ | 168,437
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,430 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,430
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |  |  | — |  |  | 78
Issuance of 79,425 stock based incentive plan shares, net of forfeitures |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Restricted stock expense, net of forfeitures |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 303 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 303
Acquisition of 4,581 treasury shares surrendered upon vesting of restricted stock for payment of taxes |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (113) |  |  | (113)
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.07 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (439) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (439)
Cash dividends declared on Series D preferred Stock ($7.00 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14)
Balance at March 31, 2025 | $ | 56 |  | $ | 13 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 92,527 |  | $ | 92,267 |  | $ | (1,725) |  | $ | (10,456) |  | $ | 172,682

Three months ended March 31, 2024 | Voting Common Stock |  | Non- Voting Common Stock |  | Series D Preferred Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 57 |  | $ | 13 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 91,068 |  | $ | 76,517 |  | $ | (2,290) |  | $ | (9,991) |  | $ | 155,374
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,070 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,070
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 9
Issuance of 7,068 stock based incentive plan shares, net of forfeitures |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Restricted stock expense, net of forfeitures |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 233 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 233
Acquisition of 5,663 treasury shares surrendered upon vesting of restricted stock for payment of taxes |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (122) |  |  | (122)
Purchase of 8,850 treasury shares |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (179) |  |  | (179)
Conversion of 200,000 shares of voting common stock to 2,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | —
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.06 per share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (386) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (386)
Balance at March 31, 2024 | $ | 55 |  | $ | 13 |  | $ | - |  | $ | 91,303 |  | $ | 79,201 |  | $ | (2,281) |  | $ | (10,292) |  | $ | 157,999

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

| Three months ended March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net Income | $ |  | 4,430 |  |  | $ |  | 3,070 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for credit losses |  |  | 582 |  |  |  |  | 1,237 |
Depreciation |  |  | 118 |  |  |  |  | 130 |
Accretion, net |  |  | (384 | ) |  |  |  | (272 | )
Deferred income tax benefit |  |  | (97 | ) |  |  |  | (277 | )
Net loss on sale of equity security |  |  | 103 |  |  |  |  | — |
Originations of loans held for sale |  |  | (9,173 | ) |  |  |  | (9,037 | )
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale |  |  | 8,405 |  |  |  |  | 8,734 |
Net gains on sales of residential mortgage loans |  |  | (114 | ) |  |  |  | (90 | )
Net (gains) losses on sales of commercial loans |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  | (167 | )
Earnings on bank owned life insurance |  |  | (225 | ) |  |  |  | (204 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 303 |  |  |  |  | 233 |
Net change in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest receivable and other assets |  |  | 185 |  |  |  |  | 1,015 |
Operating lease right-of-use asset |  |  | 162 |  |  |  |  | 180 |
Operating lease liability |  |  | (146 | ) |  |  |  | (175 | )
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities |  |  | (1,961 | ) |  |  |  | (5,538 | )
Net cash from (used by) operating activities |  |  | 2,206 |  |  |  |  | (1,161 | )
Cash flows used by investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturities, prepayments and calls |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 503 |
Proceeds from the sale of equity security |  |  | 4,897 |  |  |  |  | — |
Loan and lease originations and payments, net |  |  | (49,284 | ) |  |  |  | (6,384 | )
Proceeds from the sale of loans |  |  | 20,441 |  |  |  |  | 4,011 |
Additions to premises and equipment |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  |  | (3 | )
Redemption (purchase) of FHLB and FRB stock |  |  | 896 |  |  |  |  | (9 | )
Other adjustments |  |  | 176 |  |  |  |  | 100 |
Net cash used by investing activities |  |  | (22,928 | ) |  |  |  | (1,782 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in deposits |  |  | 27,894 |  |  |  |  | (20,987 | )
Proceeds from FHLB advances and other debt |  |  | 30 |  |  |  |  | 1,000 |
Repayments on FHLB advances and other debt |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  |  | — |
Net change in advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance |  |  | (892 | ) |  |  |  | (1,086 | )
Cash dividends paid |  |  | (453 | ) |  |  |  | (386 | )
Acquisition of treasury shares surrendered upon vesting of restricted stock for payment of taxes |  |  | (113 | ) |  |  |  | (122 | )
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (179 | )
Net cash from (used by) financing activities |  |  | 26,436 |  |  |  |  | (21,760 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 5,714 |  |  |  |  | (24,703 | )
Beginning cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 235,272 |  |  |  |  | 261,595 |
Ending cash and cash equivalents | $ |  | 240,986 |  |  | $ |  | 236,892 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

| Three months ended March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid | $ |  | 16,084 |  |  | $ |  | 17,150 |
Supplemental noncash disclosures: |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer from loans to foreclosed assets | $ |  | 524 |  |  | $ |  | — |
Investment payable on limited partnerships | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 5,000 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLID ATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation:

The consolidated financial statements consist of CF Bankshares Inc. (the “Holding Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, CFBank, National Association (“CFBank”). The Holding Company and CFBank are sometimes collectively referred to herein as the “Company.” Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Because this report is based on an interim period, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted.

In the opinion of the management of the Company, the accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial condition and the results of operations for the periods presented. These adjustments are of a normal recurring nature, unless otherwise disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The financial performance reported for the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2025 is not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. This information should be read in conjunction with the Company’s latest Annual Report to Stockholders and Annual Report on Form 10-K on file with the SEC. Reference is made to the accounting policies of the Company described in Note 1 to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report to Stockholders included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (referred to herein as the “2024 Audited Financial Statements”). The Company has consistently followed those policies in preparing this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Loans and Leases: Loans and leases that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, adjusted for purchase premiums and discounts, deferred loan fees and costs and an allowance for credit losses on loans and leases. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level yield method without anticipating prepayments.

The accrual of interest income on all classes of loans, except other consumer loans, is discontinued and the loan is placed on nonaccrual status at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Other consumer loans are typically charged off no later than 90 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan for all classes of loans. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually evaluated loans.

All interest accrued but not received for each loan placed on nonaccrual status is reversed against interest income in the period in which it is placed on nonaccrual status. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status. Loans are considered for return to accrual status provided all the principal and interest amounts that are contractually due are brought current, there is a current and well documented credit analysis, there is reasonable assurance of repayment of principal and interest, and the customer has demonstrated sustained, amortizing payment performance of at least six months.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Allowance for credit losses on investment securities available for sale: For investment securities available for sale in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For investment securities available for sale that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses that have not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses are recognized in other comprehensive income. Adjustments to the allowance for credit losses are reported in the income statement as a component of the provision for credit loss. The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on investment securities available for sale from the estimate of credit losses. Investment securities available for sale are charged off against the allowance or, in the absence of any allowance, written down through the income statement when deemed uncollectible or when either of the aforementioned criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. The Company did not record an allowance for credit losses on its investment securities available for sale as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, as the unrealized losses were attributable to changes in interest rates, not credit quality.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Loans and Leases ("ACL - Loans"): The ACL - Loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on loans over the contractual term. Loans and leases are collectively referred to as “loans” for the purpose of discussing the allowance for credit losses. Loans are charged off against the allowance when the uncollectibility of the loan is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off. Adjustments to the ACL - Loans are reported in the income statement as a component of provision for credit loss. The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on loans from the estimate of credit losses. Further information regarding the policies and methodology used to estimate the ACL - Loans is detailed in Note 4 - Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Unfunded Commitments: The allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments is a liability account representing expected credit losses over the contractual period for which the Company is exposed to credit risk resulting from a contractual obligation to extend credit. No allowance is recognized if the Company has the unconditional right to cancel the obligation. Unfunded commitments primarily consist of amounts available under outstanding lines of credit and letters of credit. For the period of exposure, the estimate of expected credit losses considers both the likelihood that funding will occur and the amount expected to be funded over the estimated remaining life of the commitment or other off-balance sheet exposure. The likelihood and expected amount of funding are based on historical utilization rates. The amount of the allowance represents management's best estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over the contractual life of the commitment. The allowance for unfunded commitments is adjusted through the income statement as a component of provision for credit loss.

Foreclosed Assets: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, an adjustment is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed. Foreclosed assets at March 31, 2025 consisted of one single-family residential property that was transferred into foreclosed assets at fair value at the time of transfer in the first quarter of 2025. There were no foreclosed assets at December 31, 2024.

Low Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC) and Historical Tax Credits (HTC): The Company has invested in LIHTCs and HTCs through direct investments and funds that assist corporations in investing in limited partnerships and limited liability companies that own, develop and operate low income residential rental properties and historic properties for purposes of qualifying for the LIHTCs and HTCs. These investments are accounted for under the proportional amortization method which recognizes the amortization of the investment in proportion to the tax credit and other tax benefits received.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Holding Company Loans to Developers: The Holding Company engages in lending to developers for the purpose of allocating excess liquidity into higher earning assets while diversifying its revenue sources. The developers are engaged in shorter term operating activities related to single family real estate developments. Income is recognized based on the interest charged on outstanding balances and from incentive payments as the housing units are sold. The outstanding balance of these loans by the Holding Company at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $1,155 and $1,331, respectively and is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Income recognized, including incentive payments, was $54 and $41, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 and is included in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income.

Investment in Real Estate Entity: CFBank made an equity investment as a non-managing member in the real estate entity that owns and operates the building that houses the Company’s headquarters. Upon applying Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, the Company determined that CFBank is not the primary beneficiary of the real estate entity, a variable interest entity. Therefore, the real estate entity is not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements and is instead accounted for using the equity method of accounting. As a result, the investment of $1.2 million is shown in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The maximum exposure to loss related to this investment was $1.2 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Earnings Per Common Share: The two-class method is used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Under the two-class method, earnings available to common stockholders for the period are allocated between common stockholders and participating securities (Series D Preferred Stock) according to dividends declared (or accumulated) and participation rights in undistributed earnings. There were 11,504 shares of anti-dilutive securities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and no anti-dilutive securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The factors used in the earnings per share computation follow:

|  | Three months ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (unaudited) |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ |  | 4,430 |  |  | $ |  | 3,070 |
Earnings allocated to participating securities |  |  |  | (136 | ) |  |  |  | (57 | )
Net income allocated to common shareholders |  | $ |  | 4,294 |  |  | $ |  | 3,013 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding including unvested share-based payment awards |  |  |  | 6,406,483 |  |  |  |  | 6,418,671 |
Less: Unvested share-based payment awards- 2019 Incentive Plan |  |  |  | (120,834 | ) |  |  |  | (88,773 | )
Average shares |  |  |  | 6,285,649 |  |  |  |  | 6,329,898 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ |  | 0.68 |  |  | $ |  | 0.48 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income allocated to common shareholders |  | $ |  | 4,294 |  |  | $ |  | 3,013 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per common share |  |  |  | 6,285,649 |  |  |  |  | 6,329,898 |
Add: Dilutive effects of unvested share-based payment awards-2019 Plan |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 27,400 |
Average shares and dilutive potential common shares |  |  |  | 6,285,649 |  |  |  |  | 6,357,298 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ |  | 0.68 |  |  | $ |  | 0.47 |

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Dividend Restrictions: Banking regulations require us to maintain certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by CFBank to the Holding Company or by the Holding Company to stockholders. The ability of the Holding Company to pay dividends on its common stock is dependent upon the amount of cash and liquidity available at the Holding Company level, as well as the receipt of dividends and other distributions from CFBank to the extent necessary to fund such dividends. The Holding Company is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from CFBank, which has no obligation to make any dividends or other funds available for the payment of dividends by the Holding Company. The Holding Company also is subject to various legal and regulatory policies and guidelines impacting the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock. In addition, the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock is conditioned upon the payment, on a current basis, of quarterly interest payments on the subordinated debentures underlying the Company’s trust preferred securities. Finally, under the terms of the Holding Company’s fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes, the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock is conditioned upon the Holding Company continuing to make required principal and interest payments, and not incurring an event of default, with respect to the subordinated notes.

Segment Reporting: The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2023-07 “Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvement to Reportable Segment Disclosures” as of January 1, 2024. The Company has determined that all of its business activities meet the aggregation criteria of ASC 280, Segment Reporting, as its current operating model is structured whereby all of its business activities serve a similar base of primarily commercial clients utilizing a company-wide offering of similar products and services managed through similar processes and platforms that are collectively reviewed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who has been identified as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”).

The CODM regularly assesses performance of the aggregated single operating and reporting segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income calculated on the same basis as is net income reported in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income. The CODM is also regularly provided with expense information at a level consistent with that disclosed in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements and Developments:

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”. The amendments in this update provide optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. They provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The Company completed its transition from the use of LIBOR in 2023. The adoption of ASU No. 2020-04 did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, “Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using Proportional Amortization Method”. This ASU is intended to improve the accounting and disclosures for investments in tax credit structures. It allows reporting entities to elect to adopt for qualifying tax equity investments using the proportional amortization method, regardless of the program giving rise to the related income tax credits. We adopted the standard effective January 1, 2024. The adoption of ASU No. 2023-02 did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures." The amendments in this ASU apply to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting. The amendments in the ASU are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM") and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. Public entities are required to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. In addition, public entities must provide all annual disclosures about a reportable segment's profit or loss and assets currently required by ASC Topic 280 in interim periods. The amendments clarify that if the CODM uses more than one measure of a segment’s profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources, a public entity may report one or more of those additional measures of segment profit. However, at least one of the reported segment profit or loss measures (or the single reported measure, if only one is disclosed) should be the measure that is most consistent with the measurement principles used in measuring the corresponding amounts in the public entity's consolidated financial statements. The amendments require that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Finally, the amendments require that a public entity that has a single reportable segment provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in the ASU and all existing segment disclosures in ASC Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments retrospectively to all

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

prior periods presented in the financial statements. Upon transition, the segment expense categories and amounts disclosed in the prior periods should be based on the significant segment expense categories identified and disclosed in the period of adoption. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures.

Future Accounting Matters:

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. The FASB issued ASU 2023-09 to address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is to be applied on a prospective basis and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 with early adoption permitted. Although ASU 2023-09 will impact income tax disclosures, the Company does not expect a material impact to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40).” The pronouncement requires public entities to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to the financial statements. The guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is assessing ASU 2024-03 and its impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures.

General Litigation

The Company is subject to claims and lawsuits that arise primarily in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the disposition or ultimate resolution of such claims and lawsuits is not anticipated to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company.

NOTE 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION

GAAP requires reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to customers. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that it expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services recognized as performance obligations are satisfied.

The majority of our revenue-generating transactions are not from contracts with customers, and instead consist of revenue generated from financial instruments, such as our loans, letters of credit, derivatives and investment securities, as well as revenue generated from our mortgage activities related to net gains on sale of loans.

All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers is recognized within Noninterest income. Descriptions of revenue-generating activities which are presented in our Consolidated Statements of Income as components of Noninterest income are as follows:

•
Service charges on deposit accounts - these represent general service fees for monthly account maintenance and activity, or transaction-based fees, and consist of transaction-based revenue, time-based revenue (service period), item-based revenue or some other individual attribute-based revenue. Revenue is recognized when our performance obligation is completed, which is generally monthly for account maintenance services or when a transaction has been completed (such as a wire transfer). Payments for such performance obligations are generally received at the time the performance obligations are satisfied.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE 3 – SECURITIES

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale securities portfolio at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and the corresponding amounts of unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss:

|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
March 31, 2025 (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt |  | $ |  | 9,984 |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 2,184 |  |  | $ |  | 7,800 |
Issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury (1) |  |  |  | 993 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 993 |
Total |  | $ |  | 10,977 |  |  | $ |  | - |  |  | $ |  | 2,184 |  |  | $ |  | 8,793 |

(1)
Unrealized gain is less than $1 resulting in rounding to zero.

|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt |  | $ |  | 9,983 |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 2,283 |  |  | $ |  | 7,700 |
Issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  |  |  | 982 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 983 |
Total |  | $ |  | 10,965 |  |  | $ |  | 1 |  |  | $ |  | 2,283 |  |  | $ |  | 8,683 |

There was no impairment recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss for securities available for sale at March 31, 2025 or March 31, 2024.

There were no sales of securities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are shown in the table below by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
Due in one year or less |  | $ |  | 993 |  |  | $ |  | 993 |  |  | $ |  | 982 |  |  | $ |  | 983 |
Due from five to ten years |  |  |  | 9,984 |  |  |  |  | 7,800 |  |  |  |  | 9,983 |  |  |  |  | 7,700 |
Total |  | $ |  | 10,977 |  |  | $ |  | 8,793 |  |  | $ |  | 10,965 |  |  | $ |  | 8,683 |

Fair value of securities pledged as collateral was as follows:

| March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
| (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
Pledged as collateral for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Public deposits |  |  | 745 |  |  |  |  | 737 |
Total | $ |  | 745 |  |  | $ |  | 737 |

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

The following table summarizes securities with unrealized losses at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position.

March 31, 2025 (unaudited) |  | Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
Description of Securities |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |
Corporate debt |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 7,800 |  |  | $ |  | 2,184 |  |  | $ |  | 7,800 |  |  | $ |  | 2,184 |
Total temporarily impaired |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 7,800 |  |  | $ |  | 2,184 |  |  | $ |  | 7,800 |  |  | $ |  | 2,184 |

December 31, 2024 |  | Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or More |  |  | Total |
Description of Securities |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |
Corporate debt |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 7,700 |  |  | $ |  | 2,283 |  |  | $ |  | 7,700 |  |  | $ |  | 2,283 |
Total temporarily impaired |  | $ |  | - |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 7,700 |  |  | $ |  | 2,283 |  |  | $ |  | 7,700 |  |  | $ |  | 2,283 |

At March 31, 2025, 88.7% of the Company’s available for sale securities were reported at less than historical cost. At December 31, 2024, 88.7% of the Company's available for sale securities were reported at less than historical cost.

The unrealized losses at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were related to one Corporate debt security. Because the decline in fair value was attributable to changes in market conditions, and not credit quality, and because the Company did not have the intent to sell this security and it was likely that it would not be required to sell this security before its anticipated recovery, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

NOTE 4 – LOANS AND LEASES

The following table presents the recorded investment in loans and leases by portfolio segment. The recorded investment in loans and leases includes the principal balance outstanding adjusted for purchase premiums and discounts, and deferred loan fees and costs.

| March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
| (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
Commercial (1) | $ |  | 414,685 |  |  | $ |  | 418,804 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family residential |  |  | 441,595 |  |  |  |  | 465,517 |
Multi-family residential |  |  | 143,337 |  |  |  |  | 150,434 |
Commercial |  |  | 514,833 |  |  |  |  | 460,064 |
Construction |  |  | 208,577 |  |  |  |  | 202,166 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 41,994 |  |  |  |  | 39,520 |
Other |  |  | 2,921 |  |  |  |  | 2,988 |
Subtotal |  |  | 1,767,942 |  |  |  |  | 1,739,493 |
Less: ACL – Loans |  |  | (17,803 | ) |  |  |  | (17,474 | )
Loans and leases, net | $ |  | 1,750,139 |  |  | $ |  | 1,722,019 |

(1)
Includes $6,242 and $7,680 of commercial leases at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans (ACL – Loans)

The ACL - Loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of loans and leases to present the net amount expected to be collected on loans over the contractual term. Loans and leases are collectively referred to as “loans” for the purpose of discussing the allowance for credit losses. The ACL - Loans is adjusted by the provision for credit losses, which is reported in earnings, and reduced by charge offs for loans, net of recoveries. Provision for credit losses on loans reflects the totality of actions taken on all loans for a particular period including any necessary increases or decreases in the allowance related to changes in credit loss expectations associated with specific loans or pools of loans. Loans are charged off against the allowance when the uncollectibility of the loan is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

The ACL - Loans represents the Company's best estimate of current expected credit losses (CECL) on loans using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. The CECL calculation is performed and evaluated quarterly and losses are estimated over the expected life of the loan. The level of the ACL - Loans is believed to be adequate to absorb all expected future losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the measurement date.

In calculating the ACL - Loans, the loan portfolio was pooled into loan segments with similar risk characteristics. Common characteristics include the type or purpose of the loan, underlying collateral and historical/expected credit loss patterns. In developing the loan segments, the Company analyzed the degree of correlation in how loans within each portfolio respond when subjected to varying economic conditions and scenarios as well as other portfolio stress factors.

The expected credit losses are measured over the life of each loan segment utilizing the average charge-off methodology combined with economic forecast models to estimate the current expected credit loss inherent in the loan portfolio. This approach is also leveraged to estimate the expected credit losses associated with non-cancellable unfunded loan commitments incorporating expected utilization rates.

The Company sub-segmented certain commercial portfolios by risk level where appropriate. The Company utilized a one-year reasonable and supportable economic forecast period.

The Company qualitatively adjusts model results for risk factors that are not inherently considered in the historical losses, but are nonetheless relevant in assessing the expected credit losses within the loan portfolio. These adjustments may increase or decrease the estimate of expected credit losses based upon the assessed level of risk for each qualitative factor. The various risks that may be considered in making qualitative adjustments include, among other things, the impact of (i) changes in economic conditions, (ii) changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, (iii) changes in the existence, growth and effect of any concentrations in credit, (iv) changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and practices for collections, write-offs, and recoveries, (v) changes in the quality of the credit review function, (vi) changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management and staff, (vii) changes in the volume and severity of past due and adversely classified loans and the volume of nonaccrual loans, (viii) changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans, and (ix) other environmental factors such as regulatory, legal and technological considerations, as well as competition.

In some cases, management may determine that an individual loan exhibits unique risk characteristics which differentiate the loan from other loans within the loan segments. In such cases, the loans are evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis and excluded from the collective evaluation. Specific reserves in the allowance for credit losses are determined by analyzing the borrower's ability to repay amounts owed, collateral deficiencies, the relative risk grade of the loan and economic conditions affecting the borrower's industry, among other things. A loan is considered to be collateral dependent when, based upon management's assessment, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. In such cases, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the measurement date, adjusted for estimated selling costs if satisfaction of the loan depends on the sale of the collateral. The fair value of collateral supporting collateral dependent loans is evaluated on a quarterly basis.

The following tables present the activity in the ACL - Loans by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited).

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 (unaudited) |
|  |  |  |  |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  |  | Single- family |  |  | Multi- family |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Construction |  |  | Home equity lines of credit |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Allowance for credit losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances, January 1, 2025 |  | $ |  | 7,005 |  |  | $ |  | 2,787 |  |  | $ |  | 1,382 |  |  | $ |  | 3,918 |  |  | $ |  | 1,741 |  |  | $ |  | 371 |  |  | $ |  | 270 |  |  | $ |  | 17,474 |
Provision (reversal) for credit losses |  |  |  | 831 |  |  |  |  | (276 | ) |  |  |  | (171 | ) |  |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  |  | 352 |
Recoveries on loans |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 71 |
Loans charged off |  |  |  | (67 | ) |  |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (94 | )
Balances, March 31, 2025 |  | $ |  | 7,830 |  |  | $ |  | 2,493 |  |  | $ |  | 1,211 |  |  | $ |  | 3,874 |  |  | $ |  | 1,752 |  |  | $ |  | 391 |  |  | $ |  | 252 |  |  | $ |  | 17,803 |

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 (unaudited) |
|  |  |  |  |  | Real Estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Consumer |  |  |  |  |
|  | Commercial |  |  | Single-family |  |  | Multi-family |  |  | Commercial |  |  | Construction |  |  | Home equity lines of credit |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Allowance for credit losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balances, January 1, 2024 |  | $ |  | 5,884 |  |  | $ |  | 3,371 |  |  | $ |  | 1,231 |  |  | $ |  | 4,105 |  |  | $ |  | 1,707 |  |  | $ |  | 334 |  |  | $ |  | 233 |  |  | $ |  | 16,865 |
Provision (reversal) for credit losses |  |  |  | 1,628 |  |  |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  |  | (84 | ) |  |  |  | 193 |  |  |  |  | (428 | ) |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  | 57 |  |  |  |  | 1,317 |
Recoveries on loans |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 16 |
Loans charged off |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | - |
Balances, March 31, 2024 |  | $ |  | 7,518 |  |  | $ |  | 3,331 |  |  | $ |  | 1,147 |  |  | $ |  | 4,298 |  |  | $ |  | 1,279 |  |  | $ |  | 335 |  |  | $ |  | 290 |  |  | $ |  | 18,198 |

Determining fair value for collateral dependent loans requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor, which includes selling costs if applicable, to the value. The fair value of real estate is generally based on appraisals by qualified licensed appraisers. The appraisers typically determine the value of the real estate by utilizing an income or market valuation approach. If an appraisal is not available, the fair value may be determined by using a cash flow analysis. The fair value of other collateral such as business assets is typically ascertained by assessing, either singularly or some combination of, asset appraisals, accounts receivable aging reports, inventory listings and/or customer financial statements. Both appraised values and values based on the borrower’s financial information are discounted as considered appropriate based on age and quality of the information and current market conditions.

The tables below present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by loan class and their respective collateral types, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses.

| March 31, 2025 (unaudited) |
| Residential Real Estate |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |  |  | Allowance on Collateral Dependent Loans |
Commercial | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 8,486 |  |  | $ |  | 8,486 |  |  | $ |  | 2,471 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family residential |  |  | 84 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 84 |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ |  | 84 |  |  | $ |  | 8,486 |  |  | $ |  | 8,570 |  |  | $ |  | 2,471 |

| December 31, 2024 |
| Residential Real Estate |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |  |  | Allowance on Collateral Dependent Loans |
Commercial | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 8,486 |  |  | $ |  | 8,486 |  |  | $ |  | 1,397 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family residential |  |  | 86 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ |  | 86 |  |  | $ |  | 8,486 |  |  | $ |  | 8,572 |  |  | $ |  | 1,397 |

The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans by class of loans at March 31, 2025 (unaudited):

| Nonaccrual Loans |  |  | Nonaccrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit Losses |
Commercial | $ |  | 13,291 |  |  | $ |  | 628 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family residential |  |  | 1,095 |  |  |  |  | 1,095 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 108 |  |  |  |  | 108 |
Total nonaccrual loans | $ |  | 14,494 |  |  | $ |  | 1,831 |

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

The following table presents the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans by class of loans at December 31, 2024.

| Non-Accrual Loans |  |  | Non-Accrual Loans with no Allowance for Credit Losses |
Commercial | $ |  | 12,876 |  |  | $ |  | 135 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family residential |  |  | 1,649 |  |  |  |  | 1,649 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  | 13 |
Total nonaccrual loans | $ |  | 14,538 |  |  | $ |  | 1,797 |

Of the $14.5 million of nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $1.5 million was guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (SBA).

Nonaccrual loans include both smaller balance single-family mortgage loans, consumer loans and commercial loans and leases that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually evaluated loans. There was one loan, totaling $69 that was 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at March 31, 2025. There were two loans, totaling $509 that were 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest at December 31, 2024.

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases by class of loans as of March 31, 2025 (unaudited):

| 30 - 59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60 - 89 Days Past Due |  |  | 90 Days or more Past Due |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Loans Not Past Due |  |  | Nonaccrual Loans Not 90 days or more Past Due |
Commercial | $ |  | 42 |  |  | $ |  | 173 |  |  | $ |  | 8,652 |  |  | $ |  | 8,867 |  |  | $ |  | 405,818 |  |  | $ |  | 4,708 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family residential |  |  | 838 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 934 |  |  |  |  | 1,772 |  |  |  |  | 439,823 |  |  |  |  | 161 |
Multi-family residential |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 143,337 |  |  |  |  | — |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 272,096 |  |  |  |  | — |
Owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 177 |  |  |  |  | 209,485 |  |  |  |  | — |
Land |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 33,075 |  |  |  |  | — |
Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 208,577 |  |  |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 510 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 96 |  |  |  |  | 606 |  |  |  |  | 41,388 |  |  |  |  | 12 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,921 |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ |  | 1,390 |  |  | $ |  | 350 |  |  | $ |  | 9,682 |  |  | $ |  | 11,422 |  |  | $ |  | 1,756,520 |  |  | $ |  | 4,881 |

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans and leases by class of loans as of December 31, 2024:

| 30 - 59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60 - 89 Days Past Due |  |  | 90 Days or more Past Due |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Loans Not Past Due |  |  | Nonaccrual Loans Not 90 days or more Past Due |
Commercial | $ |  | 3,231 |  |  | $ |  | 202 |  |  | $ |  | 5,948 |  |  | $ |  | 9,381 |  |  | $ |  | 409,423 |  |  | $ |  | 7,256 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family residential |  |  | 1,112 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,649 |  |  |  |  | 2,761 |  |  |  |  | 462,756 |  |  |  |  | — |
Multi-family residential |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 150,434 |  |  |  |  | — |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 229,831 |  |  |  |  | — |
Owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 181 |  |  |  |  | 181 |  |  |  |  | 205,030 |  |  |  |  | — |
Land |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 25,022 |  |  |  |  | — |
Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 202,166 |  |  |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines of credit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Originated for portfolio |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Purchased for portfolio |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 109 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 109 |  |  |  |  | 39,411 |  |  |  |  | 13 |
Other |  |  | 41 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  |  | 2,947 |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ |  | 4,384 |  |  | $ |  | 311 |  |  | $ |  | 7,778 |  |  | $ |  | 12,473 |  |  | $ |  | 1,727,020 |  |  | $ |  | 7,269 |

Loan Modifications:

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024, the Company did no t modify any loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties.

Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or portion of the loan), is charged-off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.

Credit Quality Indicators:

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. Management analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis includes commercial, commercial real estate and multi-family residential real estate loans. Internal loan reviews for these loan types are performed at least annually, and more often for loans with higher credit risk. Adjustments to loan risk ratings are made based on the reviews and at any time information is received that may affect risk ratings. The following definitions are used for risk ratings:

Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of CFBank’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that there will be some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Loans not meeting the criteria to be classified into one of the above categories are considered to be “not rated” or “pass-rated” loans. Loans listed as not rated are primarily groups of homogeneous loans. Past due information is the primary credit indicator for groups of homogenous loans. Loans listed as pass-rated loans are loans that are subject to internal loan reviews and are determined not to meet the criteria required to be classified as special mention, substandard or doubtful.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

The following table summarizes the risk grading of the Company’s loan portfolio by loan class and by year of origination for the years indicated as of March 31, 2025. Consumer and Single-family residential loans are not risk graded. For purposes of this disclosure, those loans are classified in the following manner: loans that are 89 days or less past due and accruing are “performing” loans and loans greater than 89 days past due or in nonaccrual are “nonperforming” loans.

| Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(unaudited) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Prior |  | Revolving loans amortized cost basis |  | Revolving loans converted to term |  | Total
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 14,185 |  | $ | 34,102 |  | $ | 24,978 |  | $ | 63,366 |  | $ | 77,279 |  | $ | 48,299 |  | $ | 136,008 |  | $ | 1,827 |  | $ | 400,044
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,850 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,850
Substandard |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,079 |  |  | 4,277 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,406
Doubtful |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 385
Total Commercial |  | 14,185 |  |  | 34,102 |  |  | 24,978 |  |  | 70,830 |  |  | 81,556 |  |  | 51,149 |  |  | 136,058 |  |  | 1,827 |  |  | 414,685
Gross charge-offs during the three months ended March 31, 2025 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 67
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | 897 |  |  | 29,181 |  |  | 29,040 |  |  | 112,207 |  |  | 212,703 |  |  | 56,472 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 440,500
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 371 |  |  | 161 |  |  | 563 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,095
Total Single-family residential loans |  | 897 |  |  | 29,181 |  |  | 29,040 |  |  | 112,578 |  |  | 212,864 |  |  | 57,035 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 441,595
Gross charge-offs during the three months ended March 31, 2025 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27
Multi-family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | — |  |  | 30,537 |  |  | 24,781 |  |  | 7,588 |  |  | 49,420 |  |  | 22,190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 134,516
Special Mention |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,821 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,821
Total Multi-family residential loans |  | — |  |  | 30,537 |  |  | 24,781 |  |  | 7,588 |  |  | 49,420 |  |  | 31,011 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 143,337
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 30,897 |  |  | 9,283 |  |  | 48,805 |  |  | 43,852 |  |  | 72,493 |  |  | 63,432 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 268,762
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,829 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,829
Substandard |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 505 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 505
Total Non-owner occupied loans |  | 30,897 |  |  | 9,283 |  |  | 48,805 |  |  | 43,852 |  |  | 72,493 |  |  | 66,766 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 272,096
Owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 251 |  |  | 18,306 |  |  | 42,002 |  |  | 58,816 |  |  | 46,099 |  |  | 42,927 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 208,401
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 582 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 582
Substandard |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 679 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 679
Total Owner occupied loans |  | 251 |  |  | 18,306 |  |  | 42,002 |  |  | 58,816 |  |  | 46,099 |  |  | 44,188 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 209,662
Land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 6,742 |  |  | 18,132 |  |  | 3,194 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,007 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,075
Total Land loans |  | 6,742 |  |  | 18,132 |  |  | 3,194 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,007 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,075
Construction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Not Rated |  | — |  |  | 532 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 532
Pass |  | 5,509 |  |  | 68,873 |  |  | 63,755 |  |  | 53,576 |  |  | 12,801 |  |  | 3,531 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 208,045
Total Construction loans |  | 5,509 |  |  | 69,405 |  |  | 63,755 |  |  | 53,576 |  |  | 12,801 |  |  | 3,531 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 208,577
Total Real Estate loans |  | 44,296 |  |  | 174,844 |  |  | 211,577 |  |  | 276,410 |  |  | 398,684 |  |  | 202,531 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,308,342
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines of credit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,986 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 41,886
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 96 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 108
Total Home equity lines of credit |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,082 |  |  | 912 |  |  | 41,994
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | —
Performing |  | — |  |  | 484 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 172 |  |  | 2,265 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,921
Total Other consumer loans |  | — |  |  | 484 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 172 |  |  | 2,265 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,921
Total loans | $ | 58,481 |  | $ | 209,430 |  | $ | 236,555 |  | $ | 347,240 |  | $ | 480,240 |  | $ | 253,852 |  | $ | 179,405 |  | $ | 2,739 |  | $ | 1,767,942
Total gross charge-offs during the three months ended March 31, 2025 | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 27 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 67 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 94

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

The following table summarizes the risk grading of the Company’s loan portfolio by loan class and by year of origination for the years indicated as of December 31, 2024. Consumer and Single-family residential loans are not risk graded. For purposes of this disclosure, those loans are classified in the following manner: loans that are 89 days or less past due and accruing are “performing” loans.

| Term Loans (amortized cost basis by origination year) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior |  | Revolving loans amortized cost basis |  | Revolving loans converted to term |  | Total
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 39,955 |  | $ | 26,619 |  | $ | 67,069 |  | $ | 82,579 |  | $ | 43,556 |  | $ | 8,224 |  | $ | 132,853 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 400,855
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 285 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,922 |  |  | 2,966 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,173
Substandard |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,085 |  |  | 4,256 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,391
Doubtful |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 385 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 385
Total Commercial |  | 39,955 |  |  | 26,619 |  |  | 74,824 |  |  | 86,835 |  |  | 43,556 |  |  | 11,146 |  |  | 135,869 |  |  | — |  |  | 418,804
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,755 |  |  | 3,568 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,323
Real estate loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Single-family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | 29,278 |  |  | 33,749 |  |  | 121,984 |  |  | 215,330 |  |  | 42,272 |  |  | 21,255 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 463,868
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | 547 |  |  | 371 |  |  | 168 |  |  | — |  |  | 563 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,649
Total Single-family residential loans |  | 29,278 |  |  | 34,296 |  |  | 122,355 |  |  | 215,498 |  |  | 42,272 |  |  | 21,818 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 465,517
Multi-family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 30,570 |  |  | 24,798 |  |  | 7,628 |  |  | 49,647 |  |  | 2,520 |  |  | 26,424 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 141,587
Special Mention |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,252 |  |  | 4,595 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,847
Total Multi-family residential loans |  | 30,570 |  |  | 24,798 |  |  | 7,628 |  |  | 49,647 |  |  | 6,772 |  |  | 31,019 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 150,434
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 10,169 |  |  | 49,053 |  |  | 33,204 |  |  | 67,360 |  |  | 14,019 |  |  | 52,679 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 226,484
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,842 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,842
Substandard |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 505 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 505
Total Non-owner occupied loans |  | 10,169 |  |  | 49,053 |  |  | 33,204 |  |  | 67,360 |  |  | 14,019 |  |  | 56,026 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 229,831
Owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 18,424 |  |  | 42,191 |  |  | 51,788 |  |  | 47,174 |  |  | 17,707 |  |  | 26,659 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 203,943
Special Mention |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 589 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 589
Substandard |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 679 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 679
Total Owner occupied loans |  | 18,424 |  |  | 42,191 |  |  | 51,788 |  |  | 47,174 |  |  | 18,296 |  |  | 27,338 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 205,211
Land |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | 16,853 |  |  | 3,190 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,979 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,022
Total Land loans |  | 16,853 |  |  | 3,190 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,979 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,022
Construction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | 420 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,607 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,027
Pass |  | 51,031 |  |  | 57,409 |  |  | 68,536 |  |  | 19,632 |  |  | 3,531 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 200,139
Total Construction loans |  | 51,451 |  |  | 57,409 |  |  | 68,536 |  |  | 21,239 |  |  | 3,531 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 202,166
Total Real Estate loans |  | 156,745 |  |  | 210,937 |  |  | 283,511 |  |  | 405,897 |  |  | 84,890 |  |  | 136,201 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,278,181
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity lines of credit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,253 |  |  | 3,254 |  |  | 39,507
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13
Total Home equity lines of credit |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,253 |  |  | 3,267 |  |  | 39,520
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Payment performance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | 488 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 2,316 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,988
Nonperforming |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | - |  |  | -
Total Other consumer loans |  | 488 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | - |  |  | 6 |  |  | 178 |  |  | 2,316 |  |  | - |  |  | 2,988
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 280 |  |  | — |  |  | 280
Total loans | $ | 197,188 |  | $ | 237,556 |  | $ | 358,335 |  | $ | 492,732 |  | $ | 128,452 |  | $ | 147,525 |  | $ | 174,438 |  | $ | 3,267 |  | $ | 1,739,493
Total gross charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2024 | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,755 |  | $ | 3,568 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 280 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 5,603

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Direct Financing Leases:

The following lists the components of the net investment in direct financing leases:

| March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
| (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
Total minimum lease payments to be received | $ |  | 6,481 |  |  | $ |  | 8,009 |
Less: Unearned income |  |  | (244 | ) |  |  |  | (336 | )
Plus: Indirect initial costs |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  | 7 |
Net investment in direct financing leases | $ |  | 6,242 |  |  | $ |  | 7,680 |

The following summarizes the future minimum lease payments receivable in fiscal year 2025 and in subsequent fiscal years:

2025, excluding the three months ended March 31, 2025 |  | $ |  | 3,489 |
2026 |  |  |  | 2,472 |
2027 |  |  |  | 474 |
2028 |  |  |  | 46 |
2029 |  |  |  | — |
Thereafter |  |  |  | — |
Total future minimum payments |  | $ |  | 6,481 |

NOTE 5 – LEASES

A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The leases in which the Company is the lessee are comprised of real estate property for branches and offices and for equipment with terms extending through 2034. All of our leases are classified as operating leases. Operating lease agreements are required to be recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a corresponding operating lease liability. The Company does not have any leases classified as finance leases.

The calculated amount of the ROU assets and lease liabilities are impacted by the length of the lease term and the discount rate used to present value the minimum lease payments. The Company’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company’s discretion which were considered, as applicable, in the calculation of the ROU assets and lease liabilities. If, at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability. The Company uses the discount rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable. As this rate is not readily determinable in our operating leases, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception, on a collateralized basis, over a similar term. At March 31, 2025, the weighted-average remaining lease term for the Company’s operating leases was 8.6 years and the weighted-average discount rate was 7.49%. At December 31, 2024, the weighted-average remaining lease term for the Company’s operating leases was 8.8 years and the weighted-average discount rate was 7.47%.

The Company’s operating lease costs were $162 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $180 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The variable lease costs totaled $198 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $191 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. As the Company elected not to separate lease and non-lease components for all classes of underlying assets and instead to account for them as a single lease component, the variable lease cost primarily represents variable payments such as common area maintenance and utilities.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Future minimum operating lease payments as of March 31, 2025 are as follows:

2025, excluding the three months ended March 31, 2025 | $ |  | 749 |
2026 |  |  | 919 |
2027 |  |  | 875 |
2028 |  |  | 894 |
2029 |  |  | 870 |
Thereafter |  |  | 3,766 |
Total future minimum rental commitments |  |  | 8,073 |
Less - amounts representing interest |  |  | (1,990 | )
Total operating lease liabilities | $ |  | 6,083 |

NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of asset and liability:

Securities available for sale: The fair value of securities available for sale is determined using pricing models that vary based on asset class and include available trade, bid and other market information or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2).

Derivatives: The fair value of derivatives, which includes interest rate lock commitments and interest rate swaps, is based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

Loans held for sale: Loans held for sale are carried at fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from third party investors (Level 2).

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including financial assets and liabilities for which the Company has elected the fair value option, are summarized below:

|  | Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2025 using Significant Other Observable Inputs |
|  | (Level 2) |
|  | (unaudited) |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |
Corporate debt |  | $ |  | 7,800 |
Issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies: |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  |  |  | 993 |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ |  | 8,793 |
Loans held for sale |  | $ |  | 3,505 |
Derivative assets |  | $ |  | 3,352 |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ |  | 3,352 |

|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 using Significant Other Observable Inputs |
|  | (Level 2) |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale: |  |  |  |
Corporate debt |  | $ |  | 7,700 |
Issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies: |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury |  |  |  | 983 |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ |  | 8,683 |
Loans held for sale |  | $ |  | 2,623 |
Derivative assets |  | $ |  | 3,730 |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ |  | 3,730 |

The Company had no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis that were measured using Level 1 or Level 3 inputs at March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities measured at fair value between levels during the periods ended March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

There were no charge offs on individually evaluated collateral dependent loans during the three months ended March 31, 2025 or 2024.

Financial Instruments Recorded Using Fair Value Option

The Company has elected the fair value option for loans held for sale. These loans are intended for sale and the Company believes that the fair value is the best indicator of the resolution of these loans. Interest income is recorded based on the contractual terms of the loan and in accordance with the Company’s policy on loans held for investment. No ne of these loans were 90 days or more past due or on nonaccrual as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the aggregate fair value, contractual balance and gain or loss on loans held for sale were as follows:

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
Aggregate fair value |  | $ |  | 3,505 |  |  | $ |  | 2,623 |
Contractual balance |  |  |  | 3,505 |  |  |  |  | 2,623 |
Gain (loss) |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | — |

The total amount of gains and losses from changes in fair value included in earnings for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 for loans held for sale were:

|  | Three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (unaudited) |
Interest income |  | $ |  | 35 |  |  | $ |  | 28 |
Interest expense |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Change in fair value |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total change in fair value |  | $ |  | 35 |  |  | $ |  | 28 |

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at March 31, 2025 were as follows:

|  | Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2025 Using: |
|  | Carrying |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(unaudited) |  | Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ |  | 240,986 |  |  | $ |  | 240,986 |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 240,986 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 100 |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  | 8,793 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 8,793 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 8,793 |
Loans held for sale |  |  |  | 3,505 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3,505 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3,505 |
Loans and leases, net |  |  |  | 1,750,139 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,731,307 |  |  |  |  | 1,731,307 |
FHLB and FRB stock |  |  |  | 8,022 |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  |  | 9,174 |  |  |  |  | 333 |  |  |  |  | 212 |  |  |  |  | 8,629 |  |  |  |  | 9,174 |
Derivative assets |  |  |  | 3,352 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3,352 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3,352 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ |  | (1,783,689 | ) |  | $ |  | (1,076,864 | ) |  | $ |  | (706,759 | ) |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | (1,783,623 | )
FHLB advances and other borrowings |  |  |  | (92,689 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (93,735 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (93,735 | )
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance |  |  |  | (1,346 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (1,346 | ) |  |  |  | (1,346 | )
Subordinated debentures |  |  |  | (15,009 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (16,954 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (16,954 | )
Accrued interest payable |  |  |  | (2,467 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2,467 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2,467 | )
Derivative liabilities |  |  |  | (3,352 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (3,352 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (3,352 | )

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments at December 31, 2024 were as follows:

|  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2024 Using: |
|  | Carrying |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Total |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ |  | 235,272 |  |  | $ |  | 235,272 |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 235,272 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 100 |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  | 8,683 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 8,683 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 8,683 |
Equity securities |  |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 5,000 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 5,000 |
Loans held for sale |  |  |  | 2,623 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,623 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,623 |
Loans and leases, net |  |  |  | 1,722,019 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,691,030 |  |  |  |  | 1,691,030 |
FHLB and FRB stock |  |  |  | 8,918 |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  |  | 8,395 |  |  |  |  | 182 |  |  |  |  | 151 |  |  |  |  | 8,062 |  |  |  |  | 8,395 |
Derivative assets |  |  |  | 3,730 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3,730 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3,730 |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ |  | (1,755,795 | ) |  | $ |  | (1,065,780 | ) |  | $ |  | (689,282 | ) |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | (1,755,062 | )
FHLB advances and other borrowings |  |  |  | (92,680 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (94,414 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (94,414 | )
Advances by borrowers for taxes and insurance |  |  |  | (2,238 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2,238 | ) |  |  |  | (2,238 | )
Subordinated debentures |  |  |  | (15,000 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (17,021 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (17,021 | )
Accrued interest payable |  |  |  | (2,259 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2,259 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (2,259 | )
Derivative liabilities |  |  |  | (3,730 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (3,730 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (3,730 | )

NOTE 7 – SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES

2003 Subordinated debentures:

In December 2003, Central Federal Capital Trust I, a trust formed by the Holding Company, closed a pooled private offering of 5,000 trust preferred securities with a liquidation amount of $1 per security. The Holding Company issued $5,155 of subordinated debentures to the trust in exchange for ownership of all of the common stock of the trust and the proceeds of the preferred securities sold by the trust. The Holding Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of this trust (which is classified as a variable interest entity); therefore, the trust is not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements, but rather the subordinated debentures are shown as a liability. The Holding Company’s investment in the common stock of the trust was $155 and is included in other assets.

The Holding Company may redeem the subordinated debentures, in whole or in part, in a principal amount with integral multiples of $1, at 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The subordinated debentures mature on December 30, 2033. The subordinated debentures are also redeemable in whole or in part from time to time, upon the occurrence of specific events defined within the trust indenture. There are no required principal payments on the subordinated debentures over the next five years. The Holding Company has the option to defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures for a period not to exceed five consecutive years.

Prior to July 1, 2023, the subordinated debentures had a variable rate of interest, which reset quarterly, equal to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 2.85%. Effective July 1, 2023, the rate of interest on the subordinated debentures resets quarterly to the three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 3.112%, which was 7.41% at March 31, 2025 and 7.44% at December 31, 2024. There were no unamortized debt issuance costs at March 31, 2025. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of the subordinated notes was $5,155.

2018 Fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes:

In December 2018, the Holding Company entered into subordinated note purchase agreements with certain qualified institutional buyers and completed a private placement of $10 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes with a maturity date of

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

December 30, 2028. After payment of approximately $388 of debt issuance costs, the Holding Company’s net proceeds were approximately $9,612.

The subordinated notes initially bore interest at 7.00%, from and including December 20, 2018, to but excluding December 30, 2023, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 30 and December 30 of each year. From and including December 30, 2023, to but excluding December 30, 2028 or the earlier redemption of the notes, the interest rate resets quarterly to an interest rate equal to the then current three-month SOFR (but not less than zero) plus 4.402%, which was 8.70% at March 31, 2025 and 8.73% at December 31, 2024. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on March 30, June 30, September 30, and December 30 of each year. The Holding Company may, at its option, redeem the notes beginning on December 30, 2023 and on any scheduled interest payment date thereafter. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of the subordinated notes, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, was $9,854 and $9,845, respectively.

NOTE 8 – FHLB ADVANCES AND OTHER DEBT

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances and other debt were as follows:

| Weighted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Average Rate |  |  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  |  |  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
FHLB fixed rate advances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2025 | N/A |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | — |
2026 |  | 1.45 | % |  |  |  | 16,000 |  |  |  |  | 16,000 |
2027 |  | 3.88 | % |  |  |  | 12,500 |  |  |  |  | 12,500 |
2028 |  | 1.69 | % |  |  |  | 17,000 |  |  |  |  | 17,000 |
2029 |  | 3.94 | % |  |  |  | 12,500 |  |  |  |  | 12,500 |
Total FHLB fixed rate advances |  |  |  | $ |  | 58,000 |  |  | $ |  | 58,000 |
Variable rate other debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Holding Company credit facility |  | 3.85 | % |  |  |  | 34,689 |  |  |  |  | 34,680 |
Total |  |  |  | $ |  | 92,689 |  |  | $ |  | 92,680 |

Each FHLB advance is payable at its maturity date, with a prepayment penalty for fixed-rate advances.

The Holding Company has a $35,000 credit facility with a third-party bank. The credit facility was revolving until May 21, 2024, at which time the outstanding balance was converted to a 10-year term note on a graduated 10-year amortization. Borrowings on the credit facility bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.85% until May 21, 2026, and the interest rate then converts to a floating rate equal to PRIME with a floor of 3.25%. Effective April 30, 2025, the credit facility was amended to reset the fixed rate to 6.00% until May 21, 2026, at which time the rate will then convert to a floating rate equal to PRIME. At March 31, 2025, the Company had an outstanding balance, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, of $34,689 on the facility.

Contractual maturities of the Holding Company credit facility as of March 31, 2025 were as follows:

2025, excluding the three months ended March 31, 2025 | $ |  | 1,750 |
2026 |  |  | 1,750 |
2027 |  |  | 2,625 |
2028 |  |  | 2,625 |
2029 |  |  | 3,500 |
Thereafter |  |  | 22,750 |
Less - unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (311 | )
| $ |  | 34,689 |

At March 31, 2025, CFBank had availability in unused lines of credit at two commercial banks in amounts of $50,000 and $15,000. There were no outstanding borrowings on either line at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Interest on any principal amounts outstanding from time to time under these lines accrues daily at a variable rate based on the commercial bank’s cost of funds and current market returns.

There were no outstanding borrowings with the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE 9 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company has a stock-based compensation plan, as described below, under which awards are outstanding or may be granted in the future. Total compensation cost that has been charged against income for the plan totaled $303 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $233 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The total income tax effect was $64 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $49 for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) was approved by stockholders on May 29, 2019 and replaced the Company’s 2009 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2009 Plan”). The 2019 Plan authorized up to 300,000 shares (plus any shares that are subject to grants under the 2009 Plan and that are later forfeited or expire) to be awarded pursuant to stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock or restricted stock units. An amendment to the Company’s 2019 Plan was approved by stockholders on May 29, 2024 to increase the number of shares of common stock reserved for awards thereunder from 300,000 to 500,000. There were 123,810 shares remaining available for awards of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock or restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan at March 31, 2025.

Stock Options:

The 2019 Plan permits the grant of stock options to directors, officers and employees of the Holding Company and CFBank. Stock option awards are granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, generally have vesting periods ranging from one year to three years, and are exercisable for ten years from the date of grant. Unvested stock options immediately vest upon a change of control.

There were no stock options outstanding at March 31, 2025.

There were no stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024. There were no stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

Restricted Stock Awards:

The 2019 Plan also permits the grant of restricted stock awards to directors, officers and employees. Compensation is recognized over the vesting period of the awards based on the fair value of the stock at grant date. The fair value of the stock is determined using the closing share price on the date of grant and shares generally have vesting periods of one year to three years. There were 79,425 shares of restricted stock granted under the 2019 Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2025. There were 7,068 shares of restricted stock granted during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

A summary of changes in the Company’s nonvested restricted stock awards as of March 31, 2025 follows (unaudited):

Nonvested Shares |  | Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
Nonvested at January 1, 2025 |  |  | 132,165 |  |  | $ |  | 19.70 |
Granted |  |  | 79,425 |  |  |  |  | 22.14 |
Vested |  |  | (29,288 | ) |  |  |  | 20.73 |
Forfeited |  |  | (170 | ) |  |  |  | 21.85 |
Nonvested at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 182,132 |  |  | $ |  | 20.59 |

As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock awards granted under the 2019 Plan was $3,078 and $1,303, respectively.

There were 170 shares of restricted stock forfeited during the three-month period ended March 31, 2025, and no shares of restricted stock forfeited during the three months ended March 31, 2024. There were 29,288 shares of restricted stock that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 47,908 shares of restricted stock that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

NOTE 10 – REGULATORY CAPITAL MATTERS

CFBank is subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Prompt corrective action regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators. Failure to meet capital requirements can initiate regulatory action.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Prompt corrective action regulations provide five classifications for banking organizations: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If a banking organization is classified as adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to accept brokered deposits. If a banking organization is classified as undercapitalized, capital distributions are limited, as is asset growth and expansion, and capital restoration plans are required.

In July 2013, the Holding Company’s primary federal regulator, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”), published final rules (the “Basel III Capital Rules”) establishing a new comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations. The rules implement the Basel Committee's December 2010 framework known as “Basel III” for strengthening international capital standards as well as certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. In order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, such as dividend payments and certain bonus payments to executive officers, the Basel III Capital Rules require insured financial institutions to hold a capital conservation buffer of common equity tier 1 capital above the minimum risk-based capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer consists of an additional amount of common equity equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets. Quantitative measures established by the Basel III Capital Rules to ensure capital adequacy require the maintenance of minimum amounts and ratios of Common Equity Tier 1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital, as defined in the regulations, to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to adjusted quarterly average assets (“Leverage Ratio”).

The Basel III Capital Rules require CFBank to maintain: 1) a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (resulting in a minimum ratio of Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 7.0%); 2) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 6.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%); 3) a minimum ratio of Total capital to risk-weighted assets of 8.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (resulting in a minimum Total capital ratio of 10.5%); and 4) a minimum Leverage Ratio of 4.0%.

The capital conservation buffer is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. Failure to maintain the minimum Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio plus the capital conservation buffer will result in potential restrictions on a banking institution’s ability to pay dividends, repurchase stock and/or pay discretionary compensation to its employees.

The following tables present actual and required capital ratios as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 for CFBank under the Basel III Capital Rules. Capital levels required to be considered well capitalized are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under the Basel III Capital Rules.

| Actual |  |  | Minimum Capital Required-Basel III |  |  | To Be Well Capitalized Under Applicable Regulatory Capital Standards |
| Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
March 31, 2025 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Capital to risk weighted assets | $ |  | 236,087 |  |  |  | 13.76 | % |  | $ |  | 180,155 |  |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ |  | 171,576 |  |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 (Core) Capital to risk weighted assets |  |  | 216,083 |  |  |  | 12.59 | % |  |  |  | 145,840 |  |  |  | 8.50 | % |  |  |  | 137,261 |  |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets |  |  | 216,083 |  |  |  | 12.59 | % |  |  |  | 120,103 |  |  |  | 7.00 | % |  |  |  | 111,524 |  |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 (Core) Capital to adjusted total assets (Leverage Ratio) |  |  | 216,083 |  |  |  | 10.55 | % |  |  |  | 81,895 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  |  | 102,368 |  |  |  | 5.00 | %

| Actual |  |  | Minimum Capital Required-Basel III |  |  | To Be Well Capitalized Under Applicable Regulatory Capital Standards |
| Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Capital to risk weighted assets | $ |  | 230,120 |  |  |  | 13.60 | % |  | $ |  | 177,636 |  |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ |  | 169,177 |  |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 (Core) Capital to risk weighted assets |  |  | 210,675 |  |  |  | 12.45 | % |  |  |  | 143,801 |  |  |  | 8.50 | % |  |  |  | 135,342 |  |  |  | 8.00 | %
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets |  |  | 210,675 |  |  |  | 12.45 | % |  |  |  | 118,424 |  |  |  | 7.00 | % |  |  |  | 109,965 |  |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 (Core) Capital to adjusted total assets (Leverage Ratio) |  |  | 210,675 |  |  |  | 10.33 | % |  |  |  | 81,614 |  |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  |  | 102,018 |  |  |  | 5.00 | %

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

CFBank converted from a mutual to a stock institution in 1998, and a “liquidation account” was established in the amount of $14,300, which was the net worth reported in the conversion prospectus. The liquidation account represents a calculated amount for the purposes described below, and it does not represent actual funds included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company. Eligible depositors who have maintained their accounts, less annual reductions to the extent they have reduced their deposits, would be entitled to a priority distribution from this account if CFBank liquidated and its assets exceeded its liabilities. Dividends may not reduce CFBank’s stockholder’s equity below the required liquidation account balance.

Dividend Restrictions:

Banking regulations require us to maintain certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by CFBank to the Holding Company or by the Holding Company to stockholders. The ability of the Holding Company to pay dividends on its stock is dependent upon the amount of cash and liquidity available at the Holding Company level, as well as the receipt of dividends and other distributions from CFBank to the extent necessary to fund such dividends. The Holding Company is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from CFBank, which has no obligation to make any dividends or other funds available for the payment of dividends by the Holding Company. The Holding Company also is subject to various legal and regulatory policies and guidelines impacting the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock. In addition, the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock is conditioned upon the payment, on a current basis, of quarterly interest payments on the subordinated debentures underlying the Company’s trust preferred securities. Finally, under the terms of the Holding Company’s fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debt, the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock is conditioned upon the Holding Company continuing to make required principal and interest payments, and not incurring an event of default, with respect to the subordinated debt.

Additionally, CFBank does not intend to make distributions to the Holding Company that would result in a recapture of any portion of its thrift bad debt reserve as discussed in Note 12 - Income Taxes.

NOTE 11 – DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

Interest-rate swaps:

CFBank utilizes interest-rate swaps as part of its asset/liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position, and does not use derivatives for trading purposes. CFBank enters into interest rate swaps with certain qualifying commercial loan customers to meet their interest rate risk management needs. CFBank simultaneously enters into interest rate swaps with dealer counterparties, with identical notional amounts and offsetting terms. The net result of these interest rate swaps is that the customer pays a fixed rate of interest and CFBank receives a floating rate. These back-to-back loan swaps are derivative financial instruments and are reported at fair value in “accrued interest receivable and other assets” and “accrued interest payable and other liabilities” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of loan swaps are recorded in other noninterest income and net to zero because of the offsetting terms of swaps with borrowers and swaps with dealer counterparties.

The notional amount of the interest-rate swaps does not represent amounts exchanged by the parties. The amount exchanged is determined by reference to the notional amount and the other terms of the individual interest-rate swap agreements. CFBank was party to interest-rate swaps with a combined notional amount o f $91,835 a t March 31, 2025 and $92,818 at December 31, 2024.

The counterparty to CFBank’s interest-rate swaps is exposed to credit risk whenever the interest-rate swaps are in a liability position. At March 31, 2025, CFBank had $2,128 in cash pledged as collateral for these derivatives. Should the liability increase beyond the collateral value, CFBank will be required to pledge additional collateral.

Additionally, CFBank’s interest-rate swap instruments contain provisions that require CFBank to remain well capitalized under regulatory capital standards and to comply with certain other regulatory requirements. The interest-rate swaps may be called by the counterparty if CFBank fails to maintain well-capitalized status under regulatory capital standards or becomes subject to certain adverse regulatory events such as a regulatory cease and desist order. As of March 31, 2025, CFBank was well-capitalized under regulatory capital standards and was not subject to any adverse regulatory events specified in CFBank’s interest-rate swap instruments.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Summary information about the derivative instruments is as follows:

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
Notional amount |  | $ |  | 91,835 |  |  | $ |  | 92,818 |
Weighted average pay rate on interest-rate swaps |  |  |  | 5.46 | % |  |  |  | 5.45 | %
Weighted average receive rate on interest-rate swaps |  |  |  | 6.74 | % |  |  |  | 6.93 | %
Weighted average maturity (years) |  |  |  | 8.5 |  |  |  |  | 8.6 |
Fair value of derivative asset |  | $ |  | 3,352 |  |  | $ |  | 3,730 |
Fair value of derivative liability |  |  |  | (3,352 | ) |  |  |  | (3,730 | )

Mortgage banking derivatives:

Mortgage banking activities include two types of commitments: rate lock commitments and forward loan sales commitments. Rate lock commitments are loans in our pipeline that have an interest rate locked with the customer. The commitments are generally for periods of 30 to 60 days and are at market rates. In order to mitigate the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing rate lock commitments, we economically hedge our commitments by entering into a forward loan sales contract under best efforts. Commitments to fund certain mortgage loans (interest rate locks) to be sold into the secondary market are considered derivatives. These mortgage banking derivatives are not designated in hedge relationships. The Company h ad $2,603 of interest rate lock commitments related to residential mortgage loans at March 31, 2025 and $3,566 of interest rate lock commitm ents related to residential mortgage loans at December 31, 2024. The fair value of these interest lock commitments was immaterial at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The following table reflects the amount and market value of mortgage banking derivatives included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the period end (in thousands):

| March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
| (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Notional Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Amount |  |  | Fair Value |
Assets (Liabilities): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate lock commitments | $ |  | 2,603 |  |  | $ |  | — |  |  | $ |  | 3,566 |  |  | $ |  | — |

The following table represents the notional amount of loans sold through mortgage banking activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited):

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Notional amount of loans sold |  | $ |  | 9,173 |  |  | $ |  | 9,037 |

The following table represents the gain (loss) recognized on mortgage activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited):

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Gain on loans sold |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 90 |
Gain (loss) from change in fair value of loans held-for-sale |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 90 |

NOTE 12 – INCOME TAXES

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had a deferred tax asset recorded in the amount of $4,173 and $4,177, respectively. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits recorded. The C ompany is subject to U.S. federal income tax and is no longer subject to federal examination for years prior to 2021.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

Our deferred tax assets are composed of U.S. net operating losses (“NOLs”), and other temporary book to tax differences. When determining the amount of deferred tax assets that are more-likely-than-not to be realized, and therefore recorded as a benefit, the Company conducts a regular assessment of all available information. This information includes, but is not limited to, taxable income in prior periods, projected future income and projected future reversals of deferred tax items. Based on these criteria, the Company determined as of March 31, 2025 that no valuation allowance was required against the net deferred tax asset.

In 2012, the Company completed a recapitalization program pursuant to which the Holding Company sold $22,500 in common stock, which improved the capital levels of CFBank and provided working capital for the Holding Company. The result of the change in stock ownership associated with the stock offering, however, was that the Company incurred an ownership change within the guidelines of Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. At March 31, 2025, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of $21,764, which expire at various dates from 2025 to 2032. As a result of the ownership change, the Company's ability to utilize carryforwards that arose before the 2012 stock offering closed is limited to $163 per year. Due to this limitation, management determined it is more likely than not that $20,520 of net operating loss carryforwards will expire unutilized. As required by ASC 740, in August 2012 the Company reduced the carrying value of deferred tax assets, and the corresponding valuation allowance, by the $6,977 tax effect of this lost realizability.

Federal income tax laws provided additional deductions, totaling $2,250, for thrift bad debt reserves established before 1988. ASC 740 does not require a deferred tax liability to be recorded on this amount, which otherwise would have totaled $473 at March 31, 2025. However, if CFBank were wholly or partially liquidated or otherwise ceases to be a bank, or if tax laws were to change, this amount would have to be recaptured and a tax liability recorded. Additionally, any distributions in excess of CFBank’s current or accumulated earnings and profits would reduce amounts allocated to its bad debt reserve and create a tax liability for CFBank.

The Company records income tax expense based on the federal statutory rate adjusted for the effect of low income housing credits, tax exempt interest, bank owned life insurance, dividends on equity securities and other miscellaneous items. The effective tax rate was 20.6% for t he three months ended March 31, 2025 and 18.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which management believes were reasonable estimates for the effective tax rates for such periods.

The following table summarizes the major components creating differences between income taxes at the federal statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

|  | For the three months ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (unaudited) |
Statutory tax rate |  |  | 21.0 | % |  |  | 21.0 | %
Increase (decrease) resulting from: |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock |  |  | (0.7 | %) |  |  | (0.5 | %)
Tax exempt interest |  |  | (0.4 | %) |  |  | 0.0 | %
Tax exempt earnings on bank owned life insurance |  |  | (0.8 | %) |  |  | (1.1 | %)
Dividends on equity securities |  |  | (0.2 | %) |  |  | (0.3 | %)
Tax credit investments |  |  | 1.6 | % |  |  | (0.7 | %)
Other, net |  |  | 0.1 | % |  |  | 0.1 | %
Effective tax rate |  |  | 20.6 | % |  |  | 18.5 | %

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

NOTE 13- ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following table summarizes the changes within each classification of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and summarizes the significant amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss:

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component (1)

|  | Three months ended |
|  | March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
|  | (unaudited) |
|  | Unrealized Gains and (Losses) on Available-for-Sale Securities |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, beginning of period |  | $ |  | (1,803 | ) |  | $ |  | (2,290 | )
Other comprehensive gain before reclassifications (2) |  |  |  | 78 |  |  |  |  | 9 |
Net current-period other comprehensive gain |  |  |  | 78 |  |  |  |  | 9 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, end of period |  | $ |  | (1,725 | ) |  | $ |  | (2,281 | )

(1)
All amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate a reduction of other comprehensive income.
(2)
There were no amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

NOTE 14- PREFERRED STOCK

Series D Preferred Stock:

On February 6, 2024, the Company issued 2,000 shares of its newly-designated series of non-voting convertible perpetual preferred stock, series D, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series D Preferred Stock”) to an existing stockholder of the Company in exchange for 200,000 shares of (Voting) Common Stock. On May 29, 2024, the Company issued 160 shares of Series D Preferred Stock to an existing stockholder of the Company in exchange for 16,000 shares of (Voting) Common Stock. On December 5, 2024, these 160 shares of Series D Preferred Stock were exchanged back to 16,000 shares of (Voting) common stock. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 2,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock were outstanding.

Each share of Series D Preferred Stock will be convertible either (i) automatically into 100 shares of the Company’s Non-Voting Common Stock if and when the Company’s shareholders approve an amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of Non-Voting Common Stock to permit the conversion of all outstanding shares of Series D Preferred Stock into shares of Non-Voting Common Stock (which shareholder approval and amendment the Company may, but is not obligated, to seek); (ii) unless previously converted into shares of Non-Voting Common Stock, into 100 shares of (Voting) Common Stock at the request of the holder, provided that upon such conversion the holder, together with all affiliates of the holder, will not own or control in aggregate more than 9.9% of the outstanding (Voting) Common Stock (or of any class of voting securities issued by the Company); or (iii) unless previously converted into shares of Non-Voting Common Stock, into 100 shares of (Voting) Common Stock upon transfer of such shares of Series D Preferred Stock to a non-affiliate of the holder in specified permitted transactions. The holders of Series D Preferred Stock are not entitled to any liquidation preferences. The holders of Series D Preferred Stock participate with common shareholders pro rata in dividends on an as-converted basis.

NOTE 15- TAX CREDIT INVESTMENTS

The Company has investments in various limited partnerships that sponsor affordable housing projects and federal historic projects. The purpose of the investments is to earn an adequate return of capital through the receipt of tax credits and to assist the Company in achieving goals associated with the Community Reinvestment Act. These investments are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, with any unfunded commitments included in other liabilities. The investments are amortized as a component of income tax expense.

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

The following table summarizes the Company’s tax credit investments as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

| March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Investment Type | Investment |  |  | Unfunded Commitment |  |  | Investment |  |  | Unfunded Commitment |
Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) | $ |  | 20,139 |  |  | $ |  | 9,814 |  |  | $ |  | 20,139 |  |  | $ |  | 10,767 |
Historic Tax Credit (HTC) |  |  | 1,953 |  |  |  |  | 1,573 |  |  |  |  | 1,953 |  |  |  |  | 1,573 |
Total | $ |  | 22,092 |  |  | $ |  | 11,387 |  |  | $ |  | 22,092 |  |  | $ |  | 12,340 |

The following table summarizes the amortization expense and tax credits recognized for the Company’s tax credit investments for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively:

| Three months ended March 31, |
Amortization expense | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
LIHTC | $ |  | 442 |  |  | $ |  | 353 |
HTC |  |  | 240 |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ |  | 682 |  |  | $ |  | 353 |
Tax credits recognized: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LIHTC | $ |  | 448 |  |  | $ |  | 355 |
HTC |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Total | $ |  | 448 |  |  | $ |  | 355 |

NOTE 16- SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On April 2, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.07 per share on its common stock and a corresponding cash dividend of $7.00 per share on its Series D Preferred Stock. The dividend was paid on April 22, 2025 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on April 14, 2025.

On April 30, 2025, the Company entered into a new $10 million revolving line of credit with the same third-party bank that is the lender on its existing $35 million holding company credit facility. The revolving line of credit matures on April 30, 2027 and bears interest at a fixed rate of 6.00% until May 21, 2026, at which time the rate will then convert to a floating rate equal to PRIME. The revolving line of credit provides an additional $10 million of availability that could be drawn on to inject additional Tier 1 capital into CFBank.

Effective April 30, 2025, the Company’s $35,000 credit facility was also amended to reset the fixed rate to 6.00% until May 21, 2026, at which time the rate will then convert to a floating rate equal to PRIME.

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PART 1. Item 2

MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other reports and materials we have filed or may file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) contain or may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Reform Act of 1995, which are made in good faith by us. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (1) projections of revenues, income or loss, earnings or loss per common share, capital structure and other financial items; (2) plans and objectives of the management or Boards of Directors of CF Bankshares Inc. (the “Holding Company”) or CFBank, National Association (“CFBank” and, together with the Holding Company, the “Company”); (3) statements regarding future events, actions or economic performance; and (4) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as "estimate," "strategy," "may," "believe," "anticipate," "expect," "predict," "will," "intend," "plan," "targeted," and the negative of these terms, or similar expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Various risks and uncertainties may cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by our forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, those risks detailed from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC, including those identified in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with SEC for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance or results. A forward-looking statement may include a statement of the assumptions or bases underlying the forward-looking statement. We believe that we have chosen these assumptions or bases in good faith and that they are reasonable. We caution you, however, that assumptions or bases almost always vary from actual results, and the differences between assumptions or bases and actual results can be material. The forward-looking statements included in this quarterly report speak only as of the date of the report. We undertake no obligation to publicly release revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements, except to the extent required by law.

Business Overview

The Holding Company is a financial holding company that owns 100% of the stock of CFBank, which was formed in Ohio in 1892 and converted from a federal savings association to a national bank on December 1, 2016. Prior to December 1, 2016, the Holding Company was a registered savings and loan holding company. Effective as of December 1, 2016 and in conjunction with the conversion of CFBank to a national bank, the Holding Company became a registered bank holding company and elected financial holding company status with the Federal Reserve Board (the “Federal Reserve”). Effective as of July 27, 2020, the Company changed its name from Central Federal Corporation to CF Bankshares Inc.

CFBank focuses on serving the financial needs of closely held businesses and entrepreneurs, by providing comprehensive Commercial, Retail, and Mortgage Lending services presence. In all regional markets, CFBank provides commercial loans and equipment leases, commercial and residential real estate loans and treasury management depository services, residential mortgage lending, and full-service commercial and retail banking services and products. CFBank seeks to differentiate itself from its competitors by providing individualized service coupled with direct customer access to decision-makers, and ease of doing business. We believe that CFBank matches the sophistication of much larger banks, without the bureaucracy. CFBank also offers its clients the convenience of online banking, mobile banking and remote deposit capabilities.

Most of our deposits and loans come from our market area. Our principal market area for deposits and loans includes the following counties in Ohio and Indiana: Franklin County, Ohio through our offices in Columbus, Ohio; Delaware County, Ohio through our Polaris office in Columbus, Ohio; Cuyahoga County, Ohio through our office in Orange Village, Ohio and our Ohio City office in Cleveland, Ohio; Summit County, Ohio through our office in Fairlawn, Ohio; Hamilton County, Ohio through our offices in Blue Ash, Ohio and our Red Bank office in Cincinnati, Ohio; and Marion County, Indiana through our office in Indianapolis. Because of CFBank’s concentration of business activities in Ohio, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations depend in large part upon economic conditions in Ohio.

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PART 1. Item 2

MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

General

Our net income is dependent primarily on net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on loans and securities and our cost of funds, consisting of interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds. Net interest income is affected by regulatory, economic and competitive factors that influence interest rates, loan demand, the level of nonperforming assets and deposit flows.

Net income is also affected by, among other things, provisions for credit losses, loan fee income, service charges, gains on loan sales, operating expenses, and taxes. Operating expenses principally consist of employee compensation and benefits, occupancy, advertising and marketing, data processing, professional fees, FDIC insurance premiums and other general and administrative expenses. Our results of operations are significantly affected by general economic and competitive conditions, changes in market interest rates and real estate values, government policies and actions of regulatory authorities. Our regulators have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the authority to impose restrictions on our operations, to classify our assets and to require us to increase the level of our allowance for credit losses on loans and leases. Any change in such regulation and oversight, whether in the form of regulatory policy, regulations, legislation or supervisory action, may have a material impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flows.

Management’s discussion and analysis represents a review of our unaudited consolidated financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. This review should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Financial Condition

General. Assets totaled $2.09 billion at March 31, 2025 and increased $29.2 million, or 1.4%, from $2.07 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to a $28.1 million increase in net loans and leases.

Cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents totaled $241.0 million at March 31, 2025, and increased $5.7 million, or 2.4%, from $235.3 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily attributed to the sale of a $5.0 million equity security.

Securities. Securities available for sale totaled $8.8 million at March 31, 2025, and increased $110,000, or 1.3%, compared to $8.7 million at December 31, 2024.

Loans held for sale. Loans held for sale totaled $3.5 million at March 31, 2025, and increased $882,000, or 33.6%, from $2.6 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in loans held for sale was the result of increases in the volume of loans to be sold.

Loans and Leases. Net loans and leases totaled $1.75 billion at March 31, 2025, and increased $28.1 million, or 1.6%, from $1.72 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase in loans and leases balances was primarily due to a $47.7 million increase in commercial real estate loan balances, a $6.4 million increase in construction loan balances, and a $2.5 million increase in home equity lines of credit balances, partially offset by a $23.9 million decrease in single-family residential loan balances, and a $4.1 million decrease in commercial and industrial (C&I) loan balances. The decrease in single-family residential loan balances was due primarily to the sale of two portfolios of loans totaling $18.1 million.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans. The allowance for credit losses on loans (“ACL – Loans”) totaled $17.8 million at March 31, 2025, and increased $329,000, or 1.9%, from $17.5 million at December 31, 2024. The ratio of the ACL - Loans to total loans was 1.01% at March 31, 2025, compared to 1.00% at December 31, 2024.

The ACL - Loans is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans' amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on loans over the contractual term. Loans are charged off against the allowance when the uncollectibility of the loan is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off and expected to be charged off. Adjustments to the ACL - Loans are reported in the income statement as a component of provision for credit loss. The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on loans from the estimate of credit losses. Further information regarding the policies and methodology used to estimate the ACL - Loans is detailed in Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 4 - Loans and Leases to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Individually evaluated loans totaled $12.7 million at March 31, 2025, and decreased $80,000, or 0.62%, from $12.8 million at December 31, 2024. The amount of the ACL - Loans specifically calculated for individually evaluated loans totaled $3.4 million at March 31, 2025 and $2.3 million at December 31, 2024.

The reserve on individually evaluated loans is based on management’s estimate of the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate or the fair value of collateral, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. On at least a quarterly basis, management reviews each individually evaluated loan to determine whether it should have a reserve or partial charge-off. Management relies on appraisals or internal evaluations to help make this determination. Determination of whether to use an updated appraisal or internal evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, the age of the loan and the most recent appraisal, condition of the property and whether we expect the collateral to go through the foreclosure or liquidation process. Management considers the need for a downward adjustment to the valuation based on current market conditions and on management’s analysis, judgment and experience. The amount ultimately charged-off for these loans may be different from the reserve, as the ultimate liquidation of the collateral and/or projected cash flows may be different from management’s estimates.

Nonperforming loans, which include nonaccrual loans and loans at least 90 days past due but still accruing interest, totaled $14.6 million at March 31, 2025, and decreased $484,000 from $15.0 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease in nonaccrual loans was primarily driven by the transfer of a $524,000 single-family residential loan in nonaccrual at December 31, 2024, to foreclosed assets during the first quarter of 2025. The ratio of nonperforming loans to total loans was 0.82% at March 31, 2025 compared to 0.87% at December 31, 2024.

During the three month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not modify any loans where the borrower was experiencing financial difficulty.

We have incorporated the regulatory asset classifications as a part of our credit monitoring and internal loan risk rating system. In accordance with regulations, problem loans are classified as special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss, and the classifications are subject to review by the regulators. Assets designated as special mention are considered criticized assets. Assets designated as substandard, doubtful or loss are considered classified assets. See Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding the regulatory asset classifications.

The level of total criticized and classified loans decreased by $3.8 million, or 11.5%, during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Loans designated as special mention decreased $3.4 million, or 18.3%, and totaled $15.1 million at March 31, 2025, compared to $18.5 million at December 31, 2024. Loans classified as substandard decreased $444,000, or 3.1%, and totaled $13.8 million at March 31, 2025, compared to $14.2 million at December 31, 2024. Loans designated as doubtful totaled $385,000 at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. See Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding risk classification of loans.

In addition to credit monitoring through our internal loan risk rating system, we also monitor past due information for all loan segments. Loans that are not rated under our internal credit rating system include groups of homogenous loans, such as single-family residential real estate loans and consumer loans. The primary credit indicator for these groups of homogenous loans is past due information.

Total past due loans decreased $1.1 million and totaled $11.4 million at March 31, 2025, compared to $12.5 million at December 31, 2024. Past due loans totaled 0.7% of the loan portfolio at March 31, 2025, compared to 0.7% at December 31, 2024. See Note 4 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information regarding loan delinquencies.

All lending activity involves risk of loss. Certain types of loans, such as option adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) products, junior lien mortgages, high loan-to-value ratio mortgages, interest only loans, subprime loans and loans with initial teaser rates, can have a greater risk of non-collection than other loans. CFBank has not engaged in subprime lending or used option ARM products.

Loans that contain interest only payments may present a higher risk than those loans with an amortizing payment that includes periodic principal reductions. Interest only loans are primarily commercial lines of credit secured by business assets and inventory, and consumer home equity lines of credit secured by the borrower’s primary residence. Due to the fluctuations in business assets and inventory of our commercial borrowers, CFBank has increased risk due to a potential decline in collateral values without a corresponding decrease in the outstanding principal. Interest only commercial lines of credit totaled $132.3 million, or 31.9%, of CFBank’s commercial portfolio at March 31, 2025, compared to $131.2 million, or 31.3%, at December 31, 2024. Interest only home equity lines of credit totaled $41.1 million, or 97.8%, of the total home equity lines of credit at March 31, 2025, compared to $38.8 million, or 98.1%, at December 31, 2024.

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MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

We believe the ACL - Loans is adequate to absorb current expected credit losses in the loan portfolio as of March 31, 2025; however, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on factors including, but not limited to, deterioration in client business performance, recessionary economic conditions, declines in borrowers’ cash flows and market conditions which result in lower real estate values. Additionally, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the ACL - Loans. Such agencies may require additional provisions for loan losses based on judgments and estimates that differ from those used by management, or on information available at the time of their review. Management continues to diligently monitor credit quality in the existing portfolio and analyze potential loan opportunities carefully in order to manage credit risk. An increase in loan losses could occur if economic conditions and factors which affect credit quality, real estate values and general business conditions worsen or do not improve.

Foreclosed assets. The Company held $524,000 in foreclosed assets at March 31, 2025 compared to none at December 31, 2024. The level of foreclosed assets and charges to foreclosed assets expense may change in the future in connection with workout efforts related to foreclosed assets, nonperforming loans and other loans with credit issues.

Deposits. Deposits totaled $1.78 billion at March 31, 2025, an increase of $27.9 million, or 1.6%, when compared to $1.76 billion at December 31, 2024. The increase when compared to December 31, 2024 was primarily due to an $18.1 million increase in noninterest-bearing account balances, coupled with a $9.8 million increase in interest-bearing account balances.

At March 31, 2025, approximately 31.0% of our deposit balances exceeded the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000, as compared to approximately 29.8% at December 31, 2024.

CFBank is a participant in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service® (CDARS) and Insured Cash Sweep (ICS) programs offered through IntraFi. IntraFi works with a network of banks to offer products that can provide FDIC insurance coverage in excess of $250,000 through these innovative products. Brokered deposits, including CDARS and ICS deposits that qualify as brokered, totaled $431.3 million at March 31, 2025, and increased $10.5 million, or 2.5%, from $420.8 million at December 31, 2024. Customer balances in the CDARS reciprocal and ICS reciprocal programs, which do not qualify as brokered, totaled $255.5 million at March 31, 2025, and decreased $16.2 million, or 6.0%, from $271.7 million at December 31, 2024.

FHLB advances and other debt. FHLB advances and other debt totaled $92.7 million at March 31, 2025, an increase of $9,000 when compared to $92.7 million at December 31, 2024.

The Holding Company has a $35.0 million credit facility. The credit facility was revolving until May 21, 2024, at which time the outstanding balance was converted to a 10-year term note on a graduated 10-year amortization. Borrowings on the credit facility bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.85% until May 21, 2026, and the interest rate then converts to a floating rate equal to PRIME with a floor of 3.25%. Effective April 30, 2025, the credit facility was amended to reset the fixed rate to 6.00% until May 21, 2026, at which time the rate will then convert to a floating rate equal to PRIME. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had an outstanding balance, net of unamortized issuance costs, of $34.7 million on the facility.

At March 31, 2025, CFBank had availability in unused lines of credit at two commercial banks in the amounts of $50.0 million and $15.0 million. There were no outstanding borrowings on either line at March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Subordinated debentures. Subordinated debentures totaled $15.0 million at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. In December 2018, the Holding Company entered into subordinated note purchase agreements with certain qualified institutional buyers and completed a private placement of $10.0 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes, resulting in net proceeds of $9,612,000 after deducting unamortized debt issuance costs of approximately $388,000. In 2003, the Holding Company issued subordinated debentures in exchange for the proceeds of a $5.0 million trust preferred securities offering issued by a trust formed by the Holding Company. The terms of the subordinated debentures allow for the Holding Company to defer interest payments for a period not to exceed five years. Interest payments on the subordinated debentures were current at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Stockholders’ equity. Stockholders’ equity totaled $172.7 million at March 31, 2025, an increase of $4.2 million, or 2.5%, from $168.4 million at December 31, 2024. The increase in stockholders’ equity during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily attributed to net income, partially offset by $453,000 in dividend payments.

Management continues to proactively monitor capital levels and ratios in its on-going capital planning process. CFBank has leveraged its capital to support balance sheet growth and drive increased net interest income. Management remains focused on growing capital through earnings; however, should the need arise, CFBank has additional sources of capital and alternatives it could utilize as further discussed in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Currently, the Holding Company has excess cash or sources of liquidity to cover its expenses for the foreseeable future, and could inject capital into CFBank if necessary. Also, CFBank has the flexibility to manage its balance sheet size as a result of the short duration of the loans held for sale, as well as to deploy those assets into higher earning assets to improve net interest income as the opportunity presents itself.

Comparison of the Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

General. Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 totaled $4.4 million (or $0.68 per diluted common share) compared to net income of $3.1 million (or $0.47 per diluted common share) for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in net income was primarily the result of an increase in net interest income, a decrease in provision for credit losses expense and an increase in noninterest income, partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense.

Net interest income. Net interest income is a significant component of net income, and consists of the difference between interest income generated on interest-earning assets and interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest income is primarily affected by the volumes, interest rates and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The tables in the sections below titled “Average Balances, Interest Rates and Yields” and “Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income” provide important information on factors impacting net interest income and should be read in conjunction with this discussion of net interest income.

Net interest income totaled $12.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 and increased $1.6 million, or 14.4%, compared to net interest income of $11.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to a $1.5 million, or 8.5%, decrease in interest expense, coupled with a $114,000, or 0.4%, increase in interest income. The decrease in interest expense was attributed to a 37bps decrease in the average cost of funds on interest-bearing liabilities, coupled with a $6.4 million, or 0.4%, decrease in average interest-bearing liabilities. The increase in interest income was primarily attributed to a $40.3 million, or 2.1%, increase in average interest-earning assets outstanding, partially offset by a 10bps decrease in the average yield on interest-earning assets. The net interest margin of 2.64% for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 increased 28bps compared to the net interest margin of 2.36% for the first quarter of 2024.

Interest income totaled $29.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, and increased $114,000, or 0.4%, compared to $29.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The increase in interest income was primarily attributed to a $53.3 million, or 3.1%, increase in average loans and leases outstanding and loans held for sale.

Interest expense totaled $16.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, and decreased $1.5 million, or 8.5%, compared to $17.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in interest expense was primarily attributed to a 42bps decrease in the average rate of interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a $11.6 million, or 0.8%, increase in average interest-bearing deposits.

Provision for credit losses. There was $582,000 in provision for credit losses expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, which reflected a decrease of $655,000, compared to a $1.2 million provision for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. Net charge-offs for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 totaled $23,000 compared to net recoveries of $16,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

The following table presents information regarding net charge-offs (recoveries) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

|  | For the three months ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
(unaudited) |  |  | (Dollars in thousands) |
Commercial |  | $ |  | 6 |  |  | $ |  | (6 | )
Single-family residential real estate |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  |  | (8 | )
Home equity lines of credit |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  | (2 | )
Total |  | $ |  | 23 |  |  | $ |  | (16 | )

Noninterest income. Noninterest income for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 totaled $1.2 million and increased $301,000, or 33.3%, compared to $905,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to a $436,000 increase on other noninterest income, partially offset by a $185,000 decrease in net gains on sales of commercial loans.

Noninterest expense. Noninterest expense for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 totaled $8.0 million and increased $767,000, or 10.7%, compared to $7.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The increase in noninterest expense was primarily due to a $675,000 increase in salaries and employee benefits and a $124,000 increase in professional fee expense. The increase in salaries and

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employee benefits was primarily driven by higher expense accruals related to staff incentives and deferred compensation incentives in the first quarter of 2025 when compared to the first quarter of 2024.

Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $1.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $454,000, or 65.3%, compared to $695,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 was approximately 20.6%, as compared to approximately 18.5% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

Our deferred tax assets are composed of U.S. net operating losses (“NOLs”), and other temporary book to tax differences. When determining the amount of deferred tax assets that are more-likely-than-not to be realized, and therefore recorded as a benefit, the Company conducts a regular assessment of all available information. This information includes, but is not limited to, taxable income in prior periods, projected future income and projected future reversals of deferred tax items. Based on these criteria, the Company determined as of March 31, 2025 that no valuation allowance was required against the net deferred tax asset.

The Company records income tax expense based on the federal statutory rate adjusted for the effect of other items such as low income housing tax credits, bank owned life insurance and other miscellaneous items.

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Average Balances, Interest Rates and Yields. The following tables present, for the periods indicated, the total dollar amount of fully taxable equivalent interest income from average interest-earning assets and the resultant yields, as well as the interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, expressed in both dollars and rates. Average balances are computed using month-end balances.

| For Three Months Ended March 31, |
| 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
| Average |  |  | Interest |  |  | Average |  |  | Average |  |  | Interest |  |  | Average |
| Outstanding |  |  | Earned/ |  |  | Yield/ |  |  | Outstanding |  |  | Earned/ |  |  | Yield/ |
| Balance |  |  | Paid |  |  | Rate |  |  | Balance |  |  | Paid |  |  | Rate |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities (1) (2) | $ |  | 13,632 |  |  | $ |  | 139 |  |  |  |  | 3.49 | % |  | $ |  | 13,077 |  |  | $ |  | 129 |  |  |  |  | 3.23 | %
Loans and leases and loans held for sale (3) |  |  | 1,747,968 |  |  |  |  | 26,815 |  |  |  |  | 6.14 | % |  |  |  | 1,694,701 |  |  |  |  | 26,010 |  |  |  |  | 6.14 | %
Other earning assets |  |  | 183,421 |  |  |  |  | 2,072 |  |  |  |  | 4.52 | % |  |  |  | 196,600 |  |  |  |  | 2,782 |  |  |  |  | 5.66 | %
FHLB and FRB stock |  |  | 8,151 |  |  |  |  | 174 |  |  |  |  | 8.54 | % |  |  |  | 8,488 |  |  |  |  | 165 |  |  |  |  | 7.78 | %
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 1,953,172 |  |  |  |  | 29,200 |  |  |  |  | 5.97 | % |  |  |  | 1,912,866 |  |  |  |  | 29,086 |  |  |  |  | 6.07 | %
Noninterest-earning assets |  |  | 99,873 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 91,328 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ |  | 2,053,045 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ |  | 2,004,194 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | $ |  | 1,465,045 |  |  |  |  | 15,253 |  |  |  |  | 4.16 | % |  | $ |  | 1,453,397 |  |  |  |  | 16,650 |  |  |  |  | 4.58 | %
FHLB advances and other borrowings |  |  | 107,690 |  |  |  |  | 1,038 |  |  |  |  | 3.86 | % |  |  |  | 125,724 |  |  |  |  | 1,152 |  |  |  |  | 3.67 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 1,572,735 |  |  |  |  | 16,291 |  |  |  |  | 4.14 | % |  |  |  | 1,579,121 |  |  |  |  | 17,802 |  |  |  |  | 4.51 | %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 309,457 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 267,714 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  |  | 1,882,192 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,846,835 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity |  |  | 170,853 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 157,359 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and equity | $ |  | 2,053,045 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ |  | 2,004,194 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest-earning assets | $ |  | 380,437 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ |  | 333,745 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income/interest rate spread |  |  |  |  | $ |  | 12,909 |  |  |  |  | 1.83 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ |  | 11,284 |  |  |  |  | 1.56 | %
Net interest margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.64 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.36 | %
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 124.19 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 121.13 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1)
Average balance is computed using the carrying value of securities. Average yield is computed using the historical amortized cost average balance for available for sale securities.
(2)
Average yields and interest earned are stated on a fully taxable equivalent basis.
(3)
Average balance is computed using the recorded investment in loans net of the ACL - Loans and includes nonperforming loans.

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Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income. The following table presents the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. It distinguishes between the increase and decrease related to changes in balances and/or changes in interest rates. For each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, information is provided on changes attributable to (i) changes in volume (i.e., changes in volume multiplied by the prior rate) and (ii) changes in rate (i.e., changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume which cannot be segregated have been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

| Three Months Ended |
| March 31, 2025 |
| Compared to Three Months Ended |
| March 31, 2024 |
| Increase (decrease) |  |  |  |
| due to |  |  |  |
| Rate |  |  | Volume |  |  | Net |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities (1) | $ |  | 7 |  |  | $ |  | 3 |  |  | $ |  | 10 |
Loans and leases |  |  | - |  |  |  |  | 805 |  |  |  |  | 805 |
Other earning assets |  |  | (533 | ) |  |  |  | (177 | ) |  |  |  | (710 | )
FHLB and FRB Stock |  |  | 44 |  |  |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  |  | 9 |
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | (482 | ) |  |  |  | 596 |  |  |  |  | 114 |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | (2,265 | ) |  |  |  | 868 |  |  |  |  | (1,397 | )
FHLB advances and other borrowings |  |  | 321 |  |  |  |  | (435 | ) |  |  |  | (114 | )
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | (1,944 | ) |  |  |  | 433 |  |  |  |  | (1,511 | )
Net change in net interest income | $ |  | 1,462 |  |  | $ |  | 163 |  |  | $ |  | 1,625 |

(1)
Securities amounts are presented on a fully taxable equivalent basis.

Critical Accounting Policies

We follow financial accounting and reporting policies that are in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and conform to general practices within the banking industry. These policies are presented in Note 1 to our 2024 Audited Financial Statements. Some of these accounting policies are considered to be critical accounting policies, which are those policies that are both most important to the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, and require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Application of assumptions different than those used by management could result in material changes in our financial condition or results of operations. These policies, current assumptions and estimates utilized, and the related disclosure of this process, are determined by management and routinely reviewed with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. We believe that the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements were appropriate given the factual circumstances at the time.

We believe there have been no significant changes during the three months ended March 31, 2025 to the items that we disclosed as our critical accounting policies and estimates in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In general terms, liquidity is a measurement of an enterprise’s ability to meet cash needs. The primary objective in liquidity management is to maintain the ability to meet loan commitments and to repay deposits and other liabilities in accordance with their terms without an adverse impact on current or future earnings. Principal sources of funds are deposits; amortization and prepayments of loans; maturities, sales and principal receipts of securities available for sale; borrowings; and operations. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition.

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CFBank is required by regulation to maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure its safe and sound operation. Thus, adequate liquidity may vary depending on CFBank’s overall asset/liability structure, market conditions, the activities of competitors, the requirements of our own deposit and loan customers and regulatory considerations. Management believes that each of the Holding Company’s and CFBank’s current liquidity is sufficient to meet its daily operating needs and fulfill its strategic planning.

Liquidity management is both a daily and long-term responsibility of management. We adjust our investments in liquid assets, primarily cash, short-term investments and other assets that are widely traded in the secondary market, based on our ongoing assessment of expected loan demand, expected deposit flows, yields available on interest-earning deposits and securities and the objective of our asset/liability management program. In addition to liquid assets, we have other sources of liquidity available including, but not limited to, access to advances from the FHLB and borrowings from the FRB and our commercial bank lines of credit.

The following table summarizes CFBank’s cash available from liquid assets and borrowing capacity at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

| March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
| (Dollars in thousands) |
Cash, unpledged securities and deposits in other financial institutions | $ |  | 243,679 |  |  | $ |  | 237,863 |
Additional borrowing capacity at the FHLB |  |  | 162,387 |  |  |  |  | 186,303 |
Additional borrowing capacity at the FRB |  |  | 125,302 |  |  |  |  | 127,424 |
Unused commercial bank lines of credit |  |  | 65,000 |  |  |  |  | 65,000 |
Total | $ |  | 596,368 |  |  | $ |  | 616,590 |

Cash, unpledged securities and deposits in other financial institutions increased $5.8 million, or 2.5%, to $243.7 million at March 31, 2025, compared to $237.9 million at December 31, 2024.

CFBank’s additional borrowing capacity with the FHLB decreased $23.9 million, or 12.8%, to $162.4 million at March 31, 2025, compared to $186.3 million at December 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily related to a decline in our pledged collateral, which includes single-family residential loans.

CFBank’s additional borrowing capacity at the FRB decreased $2.1 million, or 1.7%, to $125.3 million at March 31, 2025 from $127.4 million at December 31, 2024. CFBank is eligible to participate in the FRB’s primary credit program, providing CFBank access to short-term funds at any time, for any reason, based on the collateral pledged.

CFBank’s borrowing capacity with both the FHLB and FRB may be negatively impacted by changes such as, but not limited to, further tightening of credit policies by the FHLB or FRB, deterioration in the credit performance of CFBank’s loan portfolio or CFBank’s financial performance, or a decrease in the balance of pledged collateral.

CFBank had $65.0 million of availability in unused lines of credit with two commercial banks at March 31, 2025 and at December 31, 2024.

Deposits are obtained predominantly from the markets in which CFBank’s offices are located. We rely primarily on a willingness to pay market-competitive interest rates to attract and retain retail deposits. Accordingly, rates offered by competing financial institutions may affect our ability to attract and retain deposits.

CFBank relies on competitive interest rates, customer service, and relationships with customers to retain deposits. The FDIC provides deposit insurance coverage up to $250,000 per depositor.

The Holding Company has more limited sources of liquidity than CFBank. In general, in addition to its existing liquid assets, sources of liquidity include funds raised in the securities markets through debt or equity offerings, funds borrowed from third party banks or other lenders, dividends received from CFBank or the sale of assets.

Management believes that the Holding Company had adequate funds and sources of liquidity at March 31, 2025 to meet its current and anticipated operating needs at this time. The Holding Company’s current cash requirements include operating expenses and interest on subordinated debentures and other debt. The Company may also pay dividends on its common stock if and when declared by the Board of Directors.

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Currently, annual debt service on the subordinated debentures underlying the Company’s trust preferred securities is approximately $382,000. Prior to July 1, 2023, the subordinated debentures had a variable rate of interest, which reset quarterly, equal to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus 2.85%. Effective July 1, 2023, the rate of interest on the subordinated debentures resets quarterly to the three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 3.112%, which was 7.41% at March 31, 2025.

Currently, the annual debt service on the Company’s $10 million of fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes is approximately $870,000. The subordinated notes initially bore a fixed rate of 7.00% until December 2023, and now the interest rate resets quarterly to a rate equal to the current three-month SOFR plus 4.402%, which was 8.70% at March 31, 2025.

The Holding Company has a $35.0 million credit facility with a third-party bank. The credit facility was revolving until May 21, 2024, at which time the outstanding balance was converted to a 10-year term note on a graduated 10-year amortization. Borrowings on the credit facility bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.85% until May 21, 2026, and the interest rate then converts to a floating rate equal to PRIME with a floor of 3.25%. Effective April 30, 2025, the credit facility was amended to reset the fixed rate to 6.00% until May 21, 2026, at which time the rate will then convert to a floating rate equal to PRIME. At March 31, 2025, the Company had an outstanding balance, net of unamortized debt issuance costs, of $34.7 million on the facility.

The ability of the Holding Company to pay dividends on its common stock is dependent upon the amount of cash and liquidity available at the Holding Company level, as well as the receipt of dividends and other distributions from CFBank to the extent necessary to fund such dividends.

The Holding Company is a legal entity that is separate and distinct from CFBank, which has no obligation to make any dividends or other funds available for the payment of dividends by the Holding Company. Banking regulations limit the amount of dividends that can be paid to the Holding Company by CFBank without prior regulatory approval. Generally, financial institutions may pay dividends without prior approval as long as the dividend does not exceed the total of the current calendar year-to-date earnings plus any earnings from the previous two years not already paid out in dividends, and as long as the financial institution remains well capitalized after the dividend payment.

The Holding Company also is subject to various legal and regulatory policies and requirements impacting the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock. In addition, the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock is conditioned upon the payment, on a current basis, of quarterly interest payments on the subordinated debentures underlying the Company’s trust preferred securities. Finally, under the terms of the Company’s fixed-to-floating rate subordinated debt, the Holding Company’s ability to pay dividends on its stock is conditioned upon the Holding Company continuing to make required principal and interest payments, and not incurring an event of default, with respect to the subordinated debt.

Federal income tax laws provided deductions, totaling $2.3 million, for thrift bad debt reserves established before 1988. Accounting standards do not require a deferred tax liability to be recorded on this amount, which otherwise would have totaled $473,000 at year-end 2024. However, if CFBank were wholly or partially liquidated or otherwise ceases to be a bank, or if tax laws were to change, this amount would have to be recaptured and a tax liability recorded. Additionally, any distributions in excess of CFBank’s current or accumulated earnings and profits would reduce amounts allocated to its bad debt reserve and create a tax liability for CFBank.

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PART 1. Item 3

QUANTITATIVE AND QUA LITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Management believes that, as of March 31, 2025, there has been no material change in the Company’s market risk from the information contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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PART 1. Item 4

CONTRO LS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of and for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting. We made no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) in the first quarter of 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. Item 1 to 6

OTHER INFORM ATION

Ite m 1. Legal Proceedings

The Holding Company and CFBank may, from time to time, be involved in various legal proceedings in the normal course of business. Periodically, there have been various claims and lawsuits involving CFBank, such as claims to enforce liens, condemnation proceedings on properties in which CFBank holds security interests, claims involving the making and servicing of real property loans and other claims and lawsuits incident to our banking business.

We are not a party to any pending legal proceeding that management believes would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations, if decided adversely to us.

It em 1A. Risk Factors

There are certain risks and uncertainties in our business that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated. A detailed discussion of our risk factors is included in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of Part I of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. There were no material changes to those risk factors as presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

It em 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a)
None.
(b)
Not applicable.
(c)
The following table provides information concerning purchases of the Holding Company’s shares of common stock made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act, during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Period |  | Total number of common shares purchased |  |  | Average price paid per common share |  | Total number of common shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  |  | Maximum number of common shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs |
January 1, 2025 through January 31, 2025 |  |  | 1,525 |  | (1) |  | 23.98 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 325,000 |
February 1, 2025 through February 28, 2025 |  |  | 2,765 |  | (1) |  | 24.99 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 325,000 |
March 1, 2025 through March 31, 2025 |  |  | 291 |  | (1) |  | 23.85 |  |  | — |  |  |  | 325,000 |
Total |  |  | 4,581 |  |  | $ | 24.58 |  |  | — |  |  |  |

(1)
Represents shares of common stock surrendered to the Company for the payment of taxes upon the vesting of restricted stock.

I tem 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

It em 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Ite m 5. Other Information

(a)
None.
(b)
None.
(c)
On March 17, 2025, Timothy T. O’Dell, Chief Executive Officer, President and a director of the Holding Company and Chief Executive Officer and a director of CFBank, adopted a trading plan intended to satisfy the conditions under Rule 10b5-1(c) of the Exchange Act. Mr. O’Dell’s trading plan provides for the sale of up to 75,000 shares of common stock of the Company in amounts and prices determined in accordance with the formulae set forth in the plan. The trading plan will terminate on the earlier of (1) the date on which all the shares of common shares under the plan are sold and (2) the date on which the Company’s trading window closes for directors and officers of the Company on March 17, 2026.

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Name | Title | Action | Date | Trading Arrangement Rule 10b5-1 | Total Common Shares to be Sold | Expiration Date
Timothy T. O’Dell | Director, CEO and President of the Holding Company and Director and CEO of CFBank | Adopt | March 17, 2025 | X | 75,000 | March 17, 2026

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

PART II. Item 1 to 6

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Exhibit
3.1 |  | Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, filed with the Commission on November 9, 2017 (File No. 0-25045))
3.2 |  | Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-2, filed with the Commission on October 28, 2005 (File No. 333-129315))
3.3 |  | Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, filed with the Commission on August 14, 2009 (File No. 0-25045))
3.4 |  | Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011, filed with the Commission on November 10, 2011 (File No. 0-25045))
3.5 |  | Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the registrant’s Post-Effective Amendment to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the Commission on May 4, 2012 (File No. 333-177434))
3.6 |  | Certificate of Designations to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 7, 2014 and filed with the Commission on May 13, 2014 (File No. 0-25045))
3.7 |  | Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 20, 2018, filed with the commission on August 20, 2018 (File No. 0-25045)
3.8 |  | Certificate of Designations to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 25, 2019, filed with the Commission on October 31, 2019 (File No. 0-25045))
3.9 |  | Certificate of Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 29, 2020, filed with the Commission on June 2, 2020 (File No. 0-25045))
3.10 |  | Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 28, 2020, filed with the commission on July 20, 2020 (File No. 0-25045)
3.11 |  | Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 to the registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, filed with the Commission on August 12, 2020 (File No. 0-25045)) [This document represents the Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant in compiled form incorporating all amendments. This compiled document has not been filed with the Delaware Secretary of State.]
3.12 |  | Certificate of Designations to Certificate of Incorporation of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 5, 2024, filed with the Commission on February 6, 2024 (File No. 0-25045))
3.13 |  | Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the registrant’s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, filed with the Commission on March 27, 2008 (File No. 0-25045))
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of the Principal Financial Officer
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certifications
101.1 |  | Interactive Data File (Inline XBRL)
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

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CF BANKSHARES INC.

SIGNATURE S

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | CF BANKSHARES INC. |
Dated: May 12, 2025 |  | By: | /s/ Timothy T. O’Dell |
|  |  | Timothy T. O’Dell |
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer |
Dated: May, 12 2025 |  | By: | /s/ Kevin J. Beerman |
|  |  | Kevin J. Beerman |
|  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |

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