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Pension and Profit Sharing | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Compensation and Retirement Disclosure [Abstract] |
Pension and Profit Sharing | 6. Pension and Profit Sharing United States employees, hired prior to July 1, 1993, are covered by a funded, defined benefit pension plan. The benefits of this pension plan are based on years of service and the average compensation of the highest three consecutive years during the last ten years of employment. In December 1995, the Company's Board of Directors approved an amendment to the United States pension plan that terminated all future benefit accruals as of February 1, 1996, without terminating the pension plan. The Company’s funding policy with respect to its qualified plan is to contribute at least the minimum amount required by applicable laws and regulations. In 2016, the Company did not contribute to the plan. The plan asset weighted average allocation at December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, by asset category, were as follows:
Asset Category | 2016 | 2015
Equity Securities | 65% | 58%
Fixed Income Securities | 32% | 37%
Other Securities / Investments | 3% | 5%
Total | 100% | 100%
The Company’s investment policy for the pension plan is to minimize risk by balancing investments between equity securities and fixed income securities. Plan funds are invested in long-term obligations with a history of moderate to low risk. As of December 31, 2015, equity securities in the pension plan included 10,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock, having a market value of $174,000. As of December 31, 2016, the plan did not hold shares of the Company. The pension plan asset information included below is presented at fair value. ASC 820 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures about assets and liabilities measured at fair value. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels as follows:
| · | Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date.
| · | Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology that include quoted market prices that are not considered to be active or financial instruments for which all significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.
| · | Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
The following tables present the pension plan assets by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2016 and 2015:
2016 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Money Market Fund |  | $ | 19,327 |  |  | $ | 19,897 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39,224 |
Acme United Common Stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Equity Common and Collected Funds |  |  | 131,737 |  |  |  | 705,523 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 837,260 |
Fixed Income Common and Collected Funds |  |  | 104,491 |  |  |  | 313,752 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 418,243 |
Total |  | $ | 255,555 |  |  | $ | 1,039,172 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,294,727 |
2015 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Money Market Fund |  | $ | 66,914 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 66,914 |
Acme United Common Stock |  |  | 174,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 174,000 |
Equity Common and Collected Funds |  |  | — |  |  |  | 652,135 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 652,135 |
Fixed Income Common and Collected Funds |  |  | — |  |  |  | 524,523 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 524,523 |
Total |  | $ | 240,914 |  |  | $ | 1,176,658 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,417,572 |
Other disclosures related to the pension plan follow:
|  | 2016 |  | 2015
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  |  | 3.40 | % |  |  | 3.50 | %
Changes in benefit obligation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of year |  | $ | (1,776,788 | ) |  | $ | (1,904,377 | )
Interest cost |  |  | (55,811 | ) |  |  | (59,348 | )
Service cost |  |  | (36,000 | ) |  |  | (25,000 | )
Actuarial gain (loss) |  |  | 99,019 |  |  |  | (62,677 | )
Benefits and plan expenses paid |  |  | 269,782 |  |  |  | 274,614 |
Benefit obligation at end of year |  |  | (1,499,798 | ) |  |  | (1,776,788 | )
Changes in plan assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year |  |  | 1,417,572 |  |  |  | 1,684,535 |
Actual return on plan assets |  |  | 146,937 |  |  |  | (22,349 | )
Employer contribution |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30,000 |
Benefits and plan expenses paid |  |  | (269,782 | ) |  |  | (274,614 | )
Fair value of plan assets at end of year |  |  | 1,294,727 |  |  |  | 1,417,572 |
Funded status |  | $ | (205,071 | ) |  | $ | (359,216 | )
Amounts recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss |  | $ | 1,128,647 |  |  | $ | 1,423,319 |
Prior service cost |  |  | 2,168 |  |  |  | 2,711 |
Total |  | $ | 1,130,815 |  |  | $ | 1,426,030 |
Accrued benefits costs are included in other accrued liabilities (non-current).
|  | 2016 |  | 2015
Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate |  |  | 3.50 | % |  |  | 3.23 | %
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | 6.00 | %
Components of net benefit expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost |  | $ | 55,811 |  |  | $ | 59,348 |
Service cost |  |  | 36,000 |  |  |  | 25,000 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (76,138 | ) |  |  | (92,620 | )
Amortization of prior service costs |  |  | 543 |  |  |  | 9,155 |
Amortization of actuarial loss |  |  | 124,854 |  |  |  | 122,352 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 141,070 |  |  | $ | 123,235 |
The Company employs a building block approach in determining the long-term rate of return for plan assets. Historical markets are studied and long-term historical relationships between equity securities and fixed income securities are preserved consistent with the widely-accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatility generate higher returns over the long run. Our expected 6% long-term rate of return on plan assets is determined based on long-term historical performance of plan assets, current asset allocation and projected long-term rates of return. The following table discloses the change recorded in other comprehensive income related to benefit costs:
|  | 2016 |  | 2015
Balance at beginning of the year |  | $ | 1,426,030 |  |  | $ | 1,379,890 |
Change in net loss |  |  | (169,818 | ) |  |  | 177,647 |
Amortization of actuarial loss |  |  | (124,854 | ) |  |  | (122,352 | )
Amortization of prior service cost |  |  | (543 | ) |  |  | (9,155 | )
Change recognized in other comprehensive income |  |  | (295,215 | ) |  |  | 46,140 |
Total recognized in other comprehensive income |  | $ | 1,130,815 |  |  | $ | 1,426,030 |
The Company anticipates that in 2017, net periodic benefit cost will include approximately $106,000 of net actuarial loss and $1,000 of prior service cost. The following benefits are expected to be paid:
2017 |  |  | $ | 207,000 |
2018 |  |  |  | 187,000 |
2019 |  |  |  | 169,000 |
2020 |  |  |  | 152,000 |
2021 |  |  |  | 136,000 |
Years 2022 - 2026 |  |  |  | 488,000 |
The Company also has a qualified, profit sharing plan covering substantially all of its United States employees. Annual Company contributions to this profit sharing plan are determined by the Company’s Compensation Committee. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company contributed 50% of employee’s contributions, up to the first 6% contributed by each employee. Total contribution expense under this profit sharing plan was $188,518 in 2016 and $166,050 in 2015.

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