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Significant Accounting Policies | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required for annual consolidated financial statements. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements (“consolidated financial statements”) and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or the “SEC”). The Company is an investment company and follows accounting and reporting guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) topic 946 – Financial Services – Investment Companies. The consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, both normal and recurring which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s results of operations and financial condition for the periods presented. Furthermore, the preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make significant estimates and assumptions including with respect to the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and the differences could be material. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for the full year. The Company consolidates the financial statements of its wholly-owned special purpose financing subsidiaries Portman Ridge Funding 2018-2 Ltd. (“PRF CLO 2018-2”) (formerly known as Garrison Funding 2018-2 Ltd.), Great Lakes KCAP Funding I LLC, Kohlberg Capital Funding I LLC, KCAP Senior Funding I, LLC, KCAP Funding I Holdings, LLC, Great Lakes Portman Ridge Funding, LLC and HCAP ICC, LLC in its consolidated financial statements as they are operated solely for investment activities of the Company. The creditors of Great Lakes Portman Ridge Funding, LLC received security interests in the assets which are owned by them and such assets are not intended to be available to the creditors of Portman Ridge Finance Corporation., or any other affiliate. The Company also consolidates various subsidiaries (KCAP Coastal, LLC, PTMN Sub Holdings, LLC, OHA Funding, LP, Garrison Capital Equity Holdings I LLC, Garrison Capital Equity Holdings II, LLC, Garrison Capital Equity Holdings VIII LLC, Garrison Capital Equity Holdings XI LLC, GIG Rooster Holdings, LLC, HCAP Equity Holdings, LLC and PTMN Sub Holdings LLC) created primarily to provide specific tax treatment for the equity and other investments held by these entities. In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company does not consolidate portfolio company investments, including those in which it has a controlling interest. The determination of the tax character of distributions is made on an annual (full calendar year) basis at the end of the year based upon our taxable income for the full year and the distributions paid during the full year. Therefore, an estimate of tax attributes made on a quarterly basis may not be representative of the actual tax attributes of distributions for a full year. It is the Company’s primary investment objective to generate current income and capital appreciation by lending directly to privately-held middle market companies. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company made approximately $37.2 million of investments and had approximately $35.5 million in repayments and sales, resulting in net deployment of approximately $1.7 million for the period. During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company made approximately $13.3 million of investments and had approximately $45.8 million in repayments and sales, resulting in net repayment and sales of approximately $32.5 million for the period. As of March 31, 2024, the Company held loans it has made to 79 investee companies with aggregate principal amounts of approximately $430.4 million. As of December 31, 2023, the Company held loans it has made to 80 investee companies with aggregate principal amounts of approximately $420.9 million. Investments Investment transactions are recorded on the applicable trade date. Realized gains or losses are determined using the specific identification method. Valuation of Portfolio Investments. The Board has designated the Adviser as its "valuation designee" pursuant to Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act, and in that role the Adviser is responsible for performing fair value determinations relating to all of the Company's investments, including periodically assessing and managing any material valuation risks and establishing and applying fair value methodologies, in accordance with valuation policies and procedures that have been approved by the Board. The Board remains ultimately responsible for making fair value determinations under the 1940 Act and satisfies its responsibility through oversight of the valuation designee in accordance with Rule 2a-5. Debt and equity securities for which market quotations are readily available are generally valued at such market quotations. Debt and equity securities that are not publicly traded or whose market price is not readily available are valued by the Adviser based on detailed analyses prepared by management and, in certain circumstances, third parties with valuation expertise. Valuations are conducted by management on 100% of the investment portfolio at the end of each quarter. The Company follows the provisions of ASC 820: Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820: Fair Value”). This standard defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about assets and liabilities measured at fair value. ASC 820: Fair Value defines “fair value” as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Adviser utilizes one or more independent valuation firms to provide third party valuation consulting services. Each quarter the independent valuation firms perform third party valuations of the Company’s investments in material illiquid securities such that they are reviewed at least once during a trailing 12-month period. These third-party valuation estimates are considered as one of the relevant data points in the Adviser’s determination of fair value. The Adviser may consider other methods of valuation than those set forth below to determine the fair value of Level III investments as appropriate in conformity with GAAP. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of the Company’s investments may differ materially from the values that would have been used had a readily available market existed for such investments. Further, such investments may be generally subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or otherwise be less liquid than publicly traded securities. In addition, changes in the market environment and other events may occur over the life of the investments that may cause the value realized on such investments to be different from the currently assigned valuations. The majority of the Company’s investment portfolio is composed of debt and equity securities with unique contract terms and conditions and/or complexity that requires a valuation of each individual investment that considers multiple levels of market and asset specific inputs, which may include historical and forecasted financial and operational performance of the individual investment, projected cash flows, market multiples, comparable market transactions, the priority of the security compared with those of other securities for such issuers, credit risk, interest rates, and independent valuations and reviews. Debt Securities. To the extent that the Company’s investments are liquid and are priced or have sufficient price indications from normal course trading at or around the valuation date (financial reporting date), such pricing will be used to determine the fair value of the investments. Valuations from third party pricing services may be used as an indication of fair value, depending on the volume and reliability of the valuation, sufficient and reasonable correlation of bid and ask quotes, and, most importantly, the level of actual trading activity. However, if the Company has been unable to identify directly comparable market indices or other market guidance that correlate directly to the types of investments the Company owns, the Company will determine fair value using alternative methodologies such as available market data, as adjusted, to reflect the types of assets the Company owns, their structure, qualitative and credit attributes and other asset-specific characteristics. The Company derives fair value for its illiquid investments that do not have indicative fair values based upon active trades primarily by using a present value technique that discounts the estimated contractual cash flows for the subject assets with discount rates imputed by broad market indices, bond spreads and yields for comparable issuers relative to the subject assets (the “Income Approach”). The Company also considers, among other things, recent loan amendments or other activity specific to the subject asset. Discount rates applied to estimated contractual cash flows for an underlying asset vary by specific investment, industry, priority and nature of the debt security (such as the seniority or security interest of the debt security) and are assessed relative to leveraged loan and high-yield bond indices, at the valuation date. The Company has identified these indices as benchmarks for broad market information related to its loan and debt securities. Because the Company has not identified any market index that directly correlates to the loan and debt securities held by the Company and therefore uses these benchmark indices, these market indices may require significant adjustment to better correlate such market data for the calculation of fair value of the investment under the Income Approach. Such adjustments require judgment and may be material to the calculation of fair value. Further adjustments to the discount rate may be applied to reflect other market conditions or the perceived credit risk of the borrower. When broad market indices are used as part of the valuation methodology, their use is subject to adjustment for many factors, including priority, collateral used as security, structure, performance and other quantitative and qualitative attributes of the asset being valued. The resulting present value determination is then weighted along with any quotes from observable transactions and broker/pricing quotes. If such quotes are indicative of actual transactions with reasonable trading volume at or near the valuation date that are not liquidation or distressed sales, relatively more reliance will be put on such quotes to determine fair value. If such quotes are not indicative of market transactions or are insufficient as to volume, reliability, consistency or other relevant factors, such quotes will be compared with other fair value indications and given relatively less weight based on their relevancy. Other significant assumptions, such as coupon and maturity, are asset-specific and are noted for each investment in the Consolidated Schedules of Investments included herein. Equity Securities. The Company’s equity securities in portfolio companies for which there is no liquid public market are carried at fair value based on the enterprise value of the portfolio company, which is determined using various factors, including EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and discounted cash flows from operations, less capital expenditures and other pertinent factors, such as recent offers to purchase a portfolio company’s securities or other liquidation events. The determined fair values are generally discounted to account for restrictions on resale and minority ownership positions. In the event market quotations are readily available for the Company’s equity securities in public companies, those investments may be valued using the Market Approach (as defined below). In cases where the Company receives warrants to purchase equity securities, a market standard Black-Scholes model is utilized. The significant inputs used to determine the fair value of equity securities include prices, EBITDA and cash flows after capital expenditures for similar peer comparables and the investment entity itself. Equity securities are classified as Level III, when there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation given the lack of information related to such equity investments held in nonpublic companies. Significant assumptions observed for comparable companies are applied to relevant financial data for the specific investment. Such assumptions, such as model discount rates or price/earnings multiples, vary by the specific investment, equity position and industry and incorporate adjustments for risk premiums, liquidity and company specific attributes. Such adjustments require judgment and may be material to the calculation of fair value. Derivatives. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments as assets or liabilities at fair value in its financial statements. Derivative contracts entered into by the Company are not designated as hedging instruments, and as a result the Company presents changes in fair value and realized gains or losses through current period earnings. Derivative instruments are measured in terms of the notional contract amount and derive their value based upon one or more underlying instruments. Derivative instruments are subject to various risks similar to non-derivative instruments including market, credit, liquidity, and operational risks. The Company manages these risks on an aggregate basis as part of its risk management process. The derivatives may require the Company to pay or receive an upfront fee or premium. These upfront fees or premiums are carried forward as cost or proceeds to the derivatives. The Company generally records a realized gain or loss on the expiration, termination, or settlement of a derivative contract. The periodic payments for the securities Swap and Option Agreement (excluding collateral) are included as a realized gain or loss. The Company values derivative contracts using various pricing models that take into account the terms of the contract (including notional amount and contract maturity) and observable and unobservable inputs such as interest rates and changes in fair value of the reference asset. Asset Manager Affiliates. The Company sold all of its investment in the Disposed Manager Affiliates on December 31, 2018. Previously, the Company’s investments in its wholly-owned Asset Manager Affiliates, were carried at fair value, which was primarily determined utilizing the discounted cash flow approach, which incorporated different levels of discount rates depending on the hierarchy of fees earned (including the likelihood of realization of senior, subordinate and incentive fees) and prospective modeled performance. Such valuation took into consideration an analysis of comparable asset management companies and the amount of assets under management. The Asset Manager Affiliates were classified as a Level III investment. Any change in value from period to period was recognized as net change in unrealized appreciation or depreciation. CLO Fund Securities. The Company typically makes a non-controlling investment in the most junior class of securities of CLO Funds. The investments held by CLO Funds generally relate to non-investment grade credit instruments issued by corporations. The Company’s investments in CLO Fund Securities are carried at fair value, which is based either on (i) the present value of the net expected cash inflows for interest income and principal repayments from underlying assets and cash outflows for interest expense, debt pay-down and other fund costs for the CLO Funds that are approaching or past the end of their reinvestment period and therefore are selling assets and/or using principal repayments to pay down CLO Fund debt (or will begin to do so shortly), and for which there continue to be net cash distributions to the class of securities owned by the Company, a Discounted Cash Flow approach, (ii) a discounted cash flow model that utilizes prepayment and loss assumptions based on historical experience and projected performance, economic factors, the characteristics of the underlying cash flow and comparable yields for similar securities or preferred shares to those in which the Company has invested, or (iii) indicative prices provided by the underwriters or brokers who arrange CLO Funds, a Market Approach. The Company recognizes unrealized appreciation or depreciation on the Company’s investments in CLO Fund Securities as comparable yields in the market change and/or based on changes in net asset values or estimated cash flows resulting from changes in prepayment or loss assumptions in the underlying collateral pool. As each investment in CLO Fund Securities ages, the expected amount of losses and the expected timing of recognition of such losses in the underlying collateral pool are updated and the revised cash flows are used in determining the fair value of the CLO Fund investment. The Company determines the fair value of its investments in CLO Fund Securities on a security-by-security basis. Due to the individual attributes of each CLO Fund Security, they are classified as a Level III investment unless specific trading activity can be identified at or near the valuation date. When available, observable market information will be identified, evaluated and weighted accordingly in the application of such data to the present value models and fair value determination. Significant assumptions to the present value calculations include default rates, recovery rates, prepayment rates, investment/reinvestment rates and spreads and the discount rate by which to value the resulting underlying cash flows. Such assumptions can vary significantly, depending on market data sources which often vary in depth and level of analysis, understanding of the CLO market, detailed or broad characterization of the CLO market and the application of such data to an appropriate framework for analysis. The application of data points are based on the specific attributes of each individual CLO Fund Security’s underlying assets, historic, current and prospective performance, vintage, and other quantitative and qualitative factors that would be evaluated by market participants. The Company evaluates the source of market data for reliability as an indicative market input, consistency amongst other inputs and results and also the context in which such data is presented. For rated note tranches of CLO Fund Securities (those above the junior class) without transactions to support a fair value for the specific CLO Fund and tranche, fair value is based on discounting estimated bond payments at current market yields, which may reflect the adjusted yield on the leveraged loan index for similarly rated tranches, as well as prices for similar tranches for other CLO Funds and also other factors such as indicative prices provided by underwriters or brokers who arrange CLO Funds, and the default and recovery rates of underlying assets in the CLO Fund, as may be applicable. Such model assumptions may vary and incorporate adjustments for risk premiums and CLO Fund specific attributes. Short-term investments. Short-term investments are generally comprised of money market accounts, time deposits, and U.S. treasury bills. Joint Ventures. The Company carries investments in joint ventures (“Joint Ventures”) at fair value based upon the fair value of the investments held by the joint venture, or the net asset value as a practical expedient. See Note 4 below, for more information regarding the Joint Ventures. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include short-term, highly liquid investments, readily convertible to known amounts of cash, with an original maturity of three months or less in accounts such as demand deposit accounts and certain overnight investment sweep accounts. The company records cash and cash equivalents at cost, which approximates fair value. Restricted Cash Restricted cash and cash equivalents generally consists of cash held for interest and principal payments on the Company’s borrowings. Foreign Currency Translations The accounting records of the Company are maintained in U.S. dollars. All assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars based on the foreign exchange rate on the date of valuation. The Company does not isolate that portion of the results of operations resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates on investments from the fluctuations arising from changes in market prices of securities held. The Company’s investments in foreign securities may involve certain risks, including without limitation: foreign exchange restrictions, expropriation, taxation or other political, social or economic risks, all of which could affect the market and/or credit risk of the investment. In addition, changes in the relationship of foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar can significantly affect the value of these investments and therefore the earnings of the Company. Investment Income Interest Income. Interest income, including the amortization of premium and accretion of discount and accrual of payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest, is recorded on the accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are expected to be collected. The Company generally places a loan or security on non-accrual status and ceases recognizing interest income on such loan or security when a loan or security becomes 90 days or more past due or if the Company otherwise does not expect the debtor to be able to service its debt obligations. For investments with PIK interest, which represents contractual interest accrued and added to the principal balance that generally becomes due at maturity, we will not accrue PIK interest if the portfolio company valuation indicates that the PIK interest is not collectible (i.e. via a partial or full non-accrual). Loans which are on partial or full non-accrual remain in such status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and intent to pay contractual amounts due or such loans become current. As of March 31, 2024, seven of our debt investments were on non-accrual status with an aggregate amortized cost of $17.1 million and an aggregate fair value of $2.2 million, which represented 3.2% and 0.5% of the investment portfolio, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, seven of our debt investments were on non-accrual status with an aggregate amortized cost of $17.3 million and an aggregate fair value of $6.1 million, which represented 3.2% and 1.3% of the investment portfolio, respectively. Generally, the Company will capitalize loan origination fees, then amortize these fees into interest income over the term of the loan using the effective interest rate method, recognize prepayment and liquidation fees upon receipt and equity structuring fees as earned, which generally occurs when an investment transaction closes. Investment Income on CLO Fund Securities. The Company generates investment income from its investments in the most junior class of securities issued by CLO Funds (typically preferred shares or subordinated securities). The Company’s CLO Fund junior class securities are subordinated to senior note holders who typically receive a stated interest rate of return based on a floating rate index, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) on their investment. The CLO Funds are leveraged funds and any excess cash flow or “excess spread” (interest earned by the underlying securities in the fund less payments made to senior note holders and less fund expenses and management fees) is paid to the holders of the CLO Fund’s subordinated securities or preferred shares. GAAP-basis investment income on CLO equity investments is recorded using the effective interest method in accordance with the provisions of ASC 325-40, based on the anticipated yield and the estimated cash flows over the projected life of the investment. Yields are revised when there are changes in actual or estimated projected future cash flows due to changes in prepayments and/or re-investments, credit losses or asset pricing. Changes in estimated yield are recognized as an adjustment to the estimated yield prospectively over the remaining life of the investment from the date the estimated yield was changed. Accordingly, investment income recognized on CLO equity securities in the GAAP statement of operations differs from both the tax–basis investment income and from the cash distributions actually received by the Company during the period. For non-junior class CLO Fund Securities, interest is earned at a fixed spread relative to the SOFR index. Investment Income on Joint Ventures. The Company recognizes investment income on its investment in the Joint Ventures based upon its share of the estimated earnings and profits of the Joint Venture on the ex-dividend or ex-distribution date. The final determination of the tax attributes of distributions from the Joint Ventures is made on an annual (full calendar year) basis at the end of the year based upon taxable income and distributions for the full year. Therefore, any estimate of tax attributes of distributions made on an interim basis may not be representative of the actual tax attributes of distributions for the full year. Fees and other income. Origination fees (to the extent services are performed to earn such income), amendment fees, consent fees, and other fees associated with investments in portfolio companies are recognized as income when they are earned. Prepayment penalties received by the Company for debt instruments repaid prior to maturity date are recorded as income upon receipt. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs represent fees and other direct costs incurred in connection with the Company’s borrowings. These amounts are capitalized, presented as a reduction of debt, and amortized using the effective interest method over the expected term of the borrowing. Extinguishment of Debt The Company derecognizes a liability if and only if it has been extinguished through delivery of cash, delivery of other financial assets, delivery of goods or services, or reacquisition by the Company of its outstanding debt securities whether the securities are cancelled or held. If the debt contains a cash conversion option, the Company allocates the consideration transferred and transaction costs incurred to the extinguishment of the liability component and the reacquisition of the equity component and recognize a gain or loss in the statement of operations. Expenses The Company is externally managed and in connection with the Advisory Agreement, pays the Adviser certain investment advisory fees and reimburses the Adviser and Administrator for certain expenses incurred in connection with the services they provide. See Note 5 “Related Party Transactions - Payment of Expenses under the Advisory and Administration Agreements.” Shareholder Distributions Distributions to common stockholders are recorded on the ex-dividend date. The amount of distributions, if any, is determined by the Board each quarter. The Company has adopted a dividend reinvestment plan (the "DRIP") that provides for reinvestment of its distributions on behalf of its stockholders, unless a stockholder “opts out” of the DRIP to receive cash in lieu of having their cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

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