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Distributable Taxable Income
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Distributable Taxable Income

7. DISTRIBUTABLE TAXABLE INCOME

Effective December 11, 2006, the Company elected to be treated as a RIC under the Code and adopted a December 31 tax-calendar year end. As a RIC, the Company is not subject to federal income tax on the portion of its taxable income and gains distributed currently to its stockholders as a dividend. The Company’s quarterly distributions, if any, are determined by the Board. The Company anticipates distributing substantially all of its taxable income and gains, within the Subchapter M rules, and thus the Company anticipates that it will not incur any federal or state income tax at the RIC level. As a RIC, the Company is also subject to a federal excise tax based on distributive requirements of its taxable income on a calendar year basis (e.g., calendar year 2021). Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, the Company may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year distributions into the next tax year and pay a 4% excise tax on such income, to the extent required.

The Company may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash or shares of its common stock at the election of each stockholder. Under certain applicable provisions of the Code and the Treasury regulations, distributions payable in cash or in shares of stock at the election of stockholders are treated as taxable dividends. The Internal Revenue Service has published guidance with respect to publicly offered RICs indicating that this rule will apply even where the total amount of cash that may be distributed is limited to no more than 20% of the total distribution. Under this guidance, if too many stockholders elect to receive their distributions in cash, the cash available for distribution must be allocated among the stockholders electing to receive cash (with the balance of the distribution paid in stock). If the Company decides to make any distributions consistent with this guidance that are payable in part in its stock, taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend (whether received in cash, shares of the Company’s stock, or a combination thereof) as ordinary income (or as long-term capital gain to the extent such distribution is properly reported as a capital gain dividend) to the extent of the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a U.S. stockholder may be required to pay tax with respect to such dividends in excess of any cash received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the stock it receives in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of the Company’s stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to non-U.S. stockholders, the Company may be required to withhold U.S. tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in stock. In addition, if a significant number of the Company’s stockholders determine to sell shares of its stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of the Company’s stock.

The following reconciles net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations to taxable income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended March 31,

 

($ in thousands)

 

2025

 

 

2024

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in net assets resulting from operations

 

$

(82

)

 

$

4,486

 

Tax (benefit) provision on realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments

 

 

346

 

 

 

(459

)

Net change in unrealized (appreciation) depreciation on investments

 

 

3,903

 

 

 

(71

)

Net realized (gain) loss

 

 

173

 

 

 

2,270

 

Book/tax differences on CLO equity investments

 

 

144

 

 

 

(164

)

Book/tax differences related to mergers and partnership investments

 

 

(16

)

 

 

622

 

Other book/tax differences

 

 

246

 

 

 

127

 

Taxable income before deductions for distributions

 

$

4,714

 

 

$

6,811

 

Taxable income before deductions for distributions per weighted
   average basic and diluted shares for the period

 

$

0.51

 

 

$

0.73

 

Dividends from Asset Manager Affiliates are recorded based upon a quarterly estimate of tax-basis earnings and profits of each Asset Manager Affiliate. Distributions in excess of the estimated tax-basis quarterly earnings and profits of each distributing Asset Manager Affiliate are recognized as tax-basis return of capital. The actual tax-basis earnings and profits and resulting dividend and/or return of capital for the year will be determined at the end of the tax year for each distributing Asset Manager Affiliate. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Asset Manager Affiliates did not make any cash distributions to the Company.

Distributions to shareholders that exceed tax-basis distributable income (tax-basis net investment income and realized gains, if any) are reported as distributions of paid-in capital (i.e. return of capital). The tax character of distributions is made on an annual (full calendar-year) basis. The determination of the tax attributes of our distributions is made at the end of the year based upon our taxable income for the full year and the distributions paid during the full year. Therefore, a determination of tax attributes made on a quarterly basis may not be representative of the actual tax attributes of distributions for a full year.

At March 31, 2025, the Company had a net capital loss carryforward of $484.6 million to offset net capital gains. This net capital loss carryforward is not subject to expiration. A portion of the Company’s capital loss carryovers are subject to an annual use limitation under the Code and related regulations.

The Company has certain taxable subsidiaries which have elected to be taxed as corporations for U.S. tax purposes. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the taxable subsidiaries’ activity resulted in an expense for income taxes of $0.3 million. As of March 31, 2025, the taxable subsidiaries have, in aggregate, $0.8 million of net deferred tax liabilities. A portion of the taxable subsidiaries’ net operating loss and capital loss carryovers are subject to an annual use limitation under the Code and related regulations.

ASC Topic 740 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) provides guidance for how uncertain tax positions should be recognized, measured, presented, and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. ASC 740 requires the evaluation of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. The Company recognizes the tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only where the position is “more likely than not” to be sustained assuming examination by tax authorities. Management has analyzed the Company’s tax positions, and has concluded that no liability for unrecognized tax benefits should be recorded related to uncertain tax positions taken on returns filed for open tax years (the last three fiscal years) or expected to be taken in the Company’s current year tax return. The Company identifies its major tax jurisdictions as U.S. Federal and New York State, and the Company is not aware of any tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits will change materially in the next 12 months. Management’s determinations regarding ASC 740 may be subject to review and adjustment at a later date based upon factors including, but not limited to, an ongoing analysis of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.