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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from________ to ________.
Commission File Number: 001-31573
Medifast, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 13-3714405
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

100 International Drive
Baltimore, Maryland 21202
Telephone Number: (410) 581-8042
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code and Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share |  | MED |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by checkmark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding at July 29, 2024 was 10,937,418.

Table of Contents
Medifast, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Index

Part 1 – Financial Information |
Item 1 – Financial Statements |
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 | 2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 | 3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited) for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 | 6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 7
Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 15
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 26
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures | 26
Part II – Other Information |
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings | 28
Item 1A – Risk Factors | 28
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 28
Item 6 – Exhibits | 29

1

Table of Contents
MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share amounts & dividend data)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue | $ | 168,558 |  | $ | 296,188 |  | $ | 343,297 |  | $ | 645,170
Cost of sales | 45,120 |  | 85,473 |  | 92,567 |  | 188,065
Gross profit | 123,438 |  | 210,715 |  | 250,730 |  | 457,105
Selling, general, and administrative | 131,314 |  | 172,009 |  | 250,666 |  | 364,887
Income (loss) from operations | (7,876) |  | 38,706 |  | 64 |  | 92,218
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 1,296 |  | 462 |  | 2,519 |  | 281
Other expense | (4,070) |  | (51) |  | (1,647) |  | (53)
| (2,774) |  | 411 |  | 872 |  | 228
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes | (10,650) |  | 39,117 |  | 936 |  | 92,446
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | (2,496) |  | 8,837 |  | 773 |  | 22,198
Net income (loss) | $ | (8,154) |  | $ | 30,280 |  | $ | 163 |  | $ | 70,248
Earnings (loss) per share - basic | $ | (0.75) |  | $ | 2.78 |  | $ | 0.01 |  | $ | 6.46
Earnings (loss) per share - diluted | $ | (0.75) |  | $ | 2.77 |  | $ | 0.01 |  | $ | 6.43
Weighted average shares outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 10,937 |  | 10,888 |  | 10,923 |  | 10,876
Diluted | 10,937 |  | 10,917 |  | 10,967 |  | 10,923
Cash dividends declared per share | $ | — |  | $ | 1.65 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 3.30

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

Table of Contents
MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income (loss) | $ | (8,154) |  | $ | 30,280 |  | $ | 163 |  | $ | 70,248
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation | 32 |  |  | 90 |  | 43 |  | 99
Unrealized losses on investment securities | (28) |  |  | — |  | (265) |  | —
| 4 |  |  | 90 |  | (222) |  | 99
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (8,150) |  | $ | 30,370 |  | $ | (59) |  | $ | 70,347

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(U.S. dollars in thousands, except par value)

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 108,016 |  | $ | 94,440
Inventories | 39,603 |  | 54,591
Investments | 55,489 |  | 55,601
Income taxes, prepaid | 8,728 |  | 8,727
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 12,479 |  | 10,670
Total current assets | 224,315 |  | 224,029
Property, plant and equipment - net of accumulated depreciation | 39,921 |  | 51,467
Right-of-use assets | 13,417 |  | 15,645
Other assets | 11,770 |  | 14,650
Deferred tax assets | 4,108 |  | 4,117
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 293,531 |  | $ | 309,908
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 69,148 |  | $ | 86,415
Current lease obligations | 6,031 |  | 5,885
Total current liabilities | 75,179 |  | 92,300
Lease obligations, net of current lease obligations | 13,069 |  | 16,127
Total liabilities | 88,248 |  | 108,427
Stockholders' Equity |  |  |
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share: 20,000 shares authorized; |  |  |
10,937 and 10,896 issued and outstanding |  |  |
at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | 11 |  | 11
Additional paid-in capital | 30,401 |  | 26,573
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 26 |  | 248
Retained earnings | 174,845 |  | 174,649
Total stockholders' equity | 205,283 |  | 201,481
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 293,531 |  | $ | 309,908

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(U.S. dollar in thousands)

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Operating Activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 163 |  | $ | 70,248
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 6,328 |  | 6,342
Non-cash lease expense | 2,225 |  | 2,514
Share-based compensation | 4,625 |  | 3,120
Loss on sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment | 51 |  | 619
Realized gain on sale of investment securities | (74) |  | —
Amortization of discount on investment securities | (372) |  | —
Deferred income taxes | 9 |  | 800
Unrealized loss on equity investment securities | 1,752 |  | —
Non-cash charges for supply chain optimization | 11,689 |  | —
Change in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Inventories | 14,988 |  | 49,960
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (1,809) |  | 3,721
Other assets | 206 |  | (2,142)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (19,430) |  | (31,851)
Income taxes payable | (1) |  | 3,874
Net cash flow provided by operating activities | 20,351 |  | 107,205
Investing Activities |  |  |
Purchase of investment securities | (17,646) |  | — |
Proceeds from sale and maturities of investment securities | 16,118 |  | — |
Purchase of property and equipment | (3,779) |  | (3,859) |
Net cash flow used in investing activities | (5,307) |  | (3,859) |
Financing Activities |  |  |
Options exercised by directors | 36 |  | 105
Net shares repurchased for employee taxes | (833) |  | (3,238)
Cash dividends paid to stockholders | (714) |  | (36,996)
Stock repurchases | — |  | (3,602)
Net cash flow used in financing activities | (1,511) |  | (43,731)
Foreign currency impact | 43 |  | 99
Increase in cash and cash equivalents | 13,576 |  | 59,714
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of the period | 94,440 |  | 87,691
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period | $ | 108,016 |  | $ | 147,405
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |
Income taxes paid | $ | 504 |  | $ | 17,520
Dividends included in accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | 659 |  | $ | 18,987

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
(U.S. dollars in thousands)

| Six months ended June 30, 2024
| Number of Shares Issued |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2023 | 10,896 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 26,573 |  | $ | 248 |  | $ | 174,649 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 201,481
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 8,316 |  | — |  | 8,316
Share-based compensation | 59 |  | — |  | 2,171 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,171
Options exercised by directors | 1 |  | — |  | 36 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 36
Net shares repurchased for employee taxes | (19) |  | — |  | (817) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (817)
Other comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | — |  | (226) |  | — |  | — |  | (226)
Balance, March 31, 2024 | 10,937 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 27,963 |  | $ | 22 |  | $ | 182,965 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 210,961
Net loss | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (8,154) |  | — |  | (8,154)
Share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | 2,454 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,454
Net shares repurchased for employee taxes | — |  | — |  | (16) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (16)
Other comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4 |  | — |  | — |  | 4
Forfeiture of dividends on unvested awards | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 34 |  | — |  | 34
Balance, June 30, 2024 | 10,937 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 30,401 |  | $ | 26 |  | $ | 174,845 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 205,283

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

| Six months ended June 30, 2023
| Number of Shares Issued |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2022 | 10,928 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 21,555 |  | $ | 24 |  | $ | 139,852 |  | $ | (6,398) |  | $ | 155,044
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 39,968 |  | — |  | 39,968
Share-based compensation | 69 |  | — |  | 606 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 606
Options exercised by directors | 4 |  | — |  | 105 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 105
Net shares repurchased for employee taxes | (30) |  | — |  | (3,236) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (3,236)
Treasury stock from stock repurchases | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (3,602) |  | (3,602)
Treasury stock retired from stock repurchases | (84) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (10,000) |  | 10,000 |  | —
Other comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 9 |  | — |  | — |  | 9
Cash dividends declared to stockholders | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (17,994) |  | — |  | (17,994)
Balance, March 31, 2023 | 10,887 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 19,030 |  | $ | 33 |  | $ | 151,826 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 170,900
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 30,280 |  | — |  | 30,280
Share-based compensation | 2 |  | — |  | 2,514 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,514
Net shares repurchased for employee taxes | — |  | — |  | (2) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (2)
Other comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 90 |  | — |  | — |  | 90
Cash dividends declared to stockholders | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (18,221) |  | — |  | (18,221)
Balance, June 30, 2023 | 10,889 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | 21,542 |  | $ | 123 |  | $ | 163,885 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 185,561

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
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MEDIFAST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation - The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Medifast, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (“Medifast,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) included herein have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim reporting and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, certain information and notes that are normally required by GAAP have been condensed or omitted. However, in the opinion of management, all adjustments consisting of normal, recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations have been included and management believes the disclosures that are made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2023 has been derived from the 2023 audited consolidated financial statements at that date included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (“2023 Form 10-K”).
The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, which are included in the 2023 Form 10-K.
Presentation of Financial Statements - The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein include the accounts of the Company. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
The Company is, from time to time, subject to a variety of litigation and similar proceedings that arise out of the ordinary course of its business. Based upon the Company’s experience, current information and applicable law, it does not believe that these proceedings and claims will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial position or liquidity. However, the results of legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty. Therefore, it is possible that the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows could be materially adversely affected in any particular period by the unfavorable resolution of one or more legal actions.
Accounting Pronouncements - Adopted in 2024
In June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 2022-03—Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (“ASU 2023-03”) to (1) to clarify the guidance in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, (2) to amend a related illustrative example, and (3) to introduce new disclosure requirements for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are measured at fair value in accordance with Topic 820. For public business entities, the amendments in ASU 2022-03 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company adopted the standard during the quarter ended March 31, 2024. The adoption of the standard had no material impact on the Company’s financial statements.
The Company has not adopted any new accounting standards during the three months ended June 30, 2024.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements - Pending Adoption
In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09—Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”) to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, including jurisdictional information, by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures. ASU 2023-09 is effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Prospective application is required, though
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retrospective application is permitted. Entities are permitted to early adopt the standard. The Company did not early adopt for the 2024 reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting ASU 2023-09 on its consolidated financial statements.
2. INVENTORIES
Inventories consist principally of raw materials, non-food finished goods and packaged meal replacements, protein, and supplements held in the Company’s warehouses and outsourced distribution centers. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, utilizing the first-in, first-out method. The cost of finished goods includes the cost of raw materials, packaging supplies, direct and indirect labor and other indirect manufacturing costs. On a quarterly basis, management reviews inventories for unsalable or obsolete inventories.
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Raw materials | $ | 5,507 |  | $ | 7,944
Packaging | 1,219 |  | 1,962
Non-food finished goods | 2,442 |  | 3,703
Finished goods | 31,721 |  | 43,248
Reserve for obsolete inventory | (1,286) |  | (2,266)
Total | $ | 39,603 |  | $ | 54,591

3. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) computations are calculated utilizing the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted EPS is calculated utilizing the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding adjusted for the effect of dilutive common stock equivalents.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share data):

| Three months ended June 30, |  | Six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (8,154) |  | $ | 30,280 |  | $ | 163 |  | $ | 70,248
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding | 10,937 |  | 10,888 |  | 10,923 |  | 10,876
Effect of dilutive common stock equivalents | — |  | 29 |  | 44 |  | 47
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding | 10,937 |  | 10,917 |  | 10,967 |  | 10,923
Earnings per share - basic | $ | (0.75) |  | $ | 2.78 |  | $ | 0.01 |  | $ | 6.46
Earnings per share - diluted | $ | (0.75) |  | $ | 2.77 |  | $ | 0.01 |  | $ | 6.43

The calculation of diluted EPS excluded 326 thousand and 45 thousand antidilutive restricted stock awards for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and 142 thousand and 22 thousand antidilutive restricted stock awards for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. EPS is computed independently for each of the periods presented above, and accordingly, the sum of the quarterly earnings per common share may not equal the year-to-date total computed.
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4. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock Options
The Company has issued non-qualified and incentive stock options to employees and non-employee directors. The fair values of these options were estimated on the grant dates using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which required estimates of the expected term of the option, the risk-free interest rate, the expected volatility of the price of the Company’s common stock, and dividend yield. Options outstanding as of June 30, 2024 generally vested over a period of 3 years and expire 10 years from the date of grant. The exercise price of these options is $66.68. Due to the Company’s lack of option exercise history on the date of grant, the expected term was calculated using the simplified method defined as the midpoint between the vesting period and the contractual term of each option. The risk-free interest rate was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect on the date of grant that most closely corresponded to the expected term of the option. The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the period of time equivalent to the expected term for each award. The dividend yield was computed as the annualized dividend rate at the grant date divided by the strike price of the stock option. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not grant stock options.
The following table is a summary of our stock option activity (in thousands, except per share data):

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| Awards |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Awards |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of period | 26 |  |  | $ | 62.20 |  |  | 33 |  |  | $ | 54.98 |
Exercised | (1) |  |  | 27.68 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 27.18 |
Forfeited | (2) |  | 26.52 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Outstanding at end of the period | 23 |  |  | $ | 66.68 |  |  | 29 |  |  | $ | 58.65 |
Exercisable at end of the period | 23 |  |  | $ | 66.68 |  |  | 29 |  |  | $ | 58.65 |

As of June 30, 2024, the weighted-average remaining contractual life for both the outstanding stock options and exercisable stock options was 3.6 years with an aggregate intrinsic value of $0. There was no unrecognized compensation on the awards for the period ended June 30, 2024. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company received $36 thousand and $105 thousand in cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options, respectively. The total intrinsic value for stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $15 thousand and $328 thousand, respectively.
Restricted Stock
The Company has issued restricted stock to employees and non-employee directors generally with vesting terms up to 3 years after the date of grant. The fair value of the restricted stock is equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. Expense for restricted stock is amortized ratably over the vesting period.
The following table summarizes our restricted stock activity (in thousands, except per share data):

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at beginning of period | 114 |  |  | $ | 127.87 |  |  | 60 |  |  | $ | 188.11 |
Granted | 210 |  |  | 32.23 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 98.17 |
Vested | (34) |  |  | 138.80 |  |  | (24) |  |  | 169.42 |
Forfeited | (4) |  |  | 52.06 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 156.26 |
Outstanding at end of the period | 286 |  |  | $ | 57.21 |  |  | 118 |  |  | $ | 127.93 |

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The Company withheld approximately 11 thousand shares and 9 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock to cover minimum tax liability withholding obligations upon the vesting of shares of restricted stock for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total fair value of restricted stock awards vested during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $1.3 million and $2.5 million, respectively.
Market and Performance-based Share Awards
The Company has issued market and performance-based share awards in 2022 and 2023 and performance-based share awards in 2020, 2021, and 2024 to certain key executives who were granted deferred shares and may earn between 0% and 250% of the target number depending upon both the Company’s total stockholder return (“TSR”), for those with market conditions, and the Company’s performance against predetermined performance goals over a three-year performance period after the date of grant. Market and performance-based share awards that are tied to the Company’s TSR are valued using the Monte Carlo method and are recognized ratably as expense over the award’s performance period. The fair value of the performance-based share awards is equal to the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant adjusted by expected level of achievement over the performance period. Expense for performance-based share awards is amortized ratably over the performance period. In the event that management determines that the Company will not reach the lower threshold of the predetermined performance goals established in the grant agreement, any previously recognized expense is reversed in the period in which such a determination is made. Management determined that the market and performance-based share awards granted in March of 2022 and performance-based share awards granted in October of 2021 would not reach the lower threshold of the predetermined performance goals resulting in a $1.4 million and $0.1 million decrease in the Company’s share-based compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and June 30, 2024 respectively.
The Company withheld 8 thousand shares and 21 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock to cover minimum tax liability withholding obligations upon the vesting of shares of performance-based share awards for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The total fair value of performance-based share awards issued during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was $1.3 million and $5.3 million, respectively.
Share-based compensation expense for all types of awards granted is recorded in selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The total expense during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| Shares |  | Share-Based Compensation Expense |  | Shares |  | Share-Based Compensation Expense
Options and restricted stock | 309 |  |  | $ | 1,717 |  |  | 147 |  |  | $ | 1,642 |
Performance-based share awards granted in 2024 | 117 |  |  | 371 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Market and performance-based share awards granted in 2023 | 47 |  |  | 482 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 482 |
Market and performance-based share awards granted in 2022 | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |
Performance-based share awards granted in 2021 | 1 |  |  | (116) |  |  | 14 |  |  | 340 |
Performance-based share awards granted in 2020 | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 50 |
Total share-based compensation | 498 |  |  | $ | 2,454 |  |  | 260 |  |  | $ | 2,514 |

The total expense during the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in thousands):
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| Six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| Shares |  | Share-Based Compensation Expense |  | Shares |  | Share-Based Compensation Expense
Options and restricted stock | 309 |  |  | $ | 3,317 |  |  | 147 |  |  | $ | 2,869 |
Performance-based share awards granted in 2024 | 117 |  |  | 448 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Market and performance-based share awards granted in 2023 | 47 |  |  | 964 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 561 |
Market and performance-based share awards granted in 2022 | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | (1,388) |
Performance-based share awards granted in 2021 | 1 |  |  | (104) |  |  | 14 |  |  | 980 |
Performance-based share awards granted in 2020 | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |  |  | 98 |
Total share-based compensation | 498 |  |  | $ | 4,625 |  |  | 260 |  |  | $ | 3,120 |

The total income tax benefit recognized in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for stock awards was $0.1 million and $0.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and the income tax expense of $0.4 million and income tax benefit of $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
There was $10.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards as of June 30, 2024, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.00 years. There was $6.6 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the 71 thousand market and performance-based shares and 118 thousand performance-based shares presented in the table above as of June 30, 2024, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.88 years.
5. LEASES
Operating Leases
The Company has operating leases for office and warehouse space and certain equipment. In certain of the Company’s lease agreements, the rental payments are adjusted periodically based on defined terms within the lease. The Company did not have any finance leases for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
Our leases relating to office and warehouse space have lease terms of 65 months to 102 months. Our leases relating to equipment have lease terms of 36 months, with certain of them having automatic renewal clauses.
The Company’s warehouse agreements also contain non-lease components, in the form of payments towards variable logistics services and labor charges, which the Company is obligated to pay based on the services consumed by it. Such amounts are not included in the measurement of the lease liability but are recognized as expenses when they are incurred.
The operating lease expense was $1.2 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $2.5 million and $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases was as follows (in thousands):

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurements of lease liabilities |  |  |
Operating cash flow used in operating leases | $ | 3,141 |  |  | $ | 3,387 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | — |  |  | $ | 753 |

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As of June 30, 2024, the weighted average remaining lease term was 3 years, 5 months and the weighted average discount rate was 2.30%.
The following table presents the maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

2024 (excluding the six months ended June 30, 2024) | $ | 3,171 |
2025 | 6,462 |
2026 | 4,783 |
2027 | 2,553 |
2028 | 2,618 |
Thereafter | 240 |
Total lease payments | $ | 19,827 |
Less: imputed interest | (727) |
Total | $ | 19,100 |

6. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The following table sets forth the components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax where applicable (in thousands):

| June 30, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Foreign currency translation | $ | (5) |  |  | $ | (48) |
Unrealized net gains on investment securities | 31 |  |  | 296 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 248 |

7. INVESTMENTS
Certain financial assets and liabilities are accounted for at fair value, which is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value:
Level 1 – Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an on-going basis.
Level 2 – Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies.
Level 3 – Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value from the perspective of a market participant.
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The following tables present the Company’s cash and financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis for each of the hierarchy levels (in thousands):

| June 30, 2024
| Cost |  | Unrealized Gains (Losses) |  | Accrued Interest |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Cash & Cash Equivalents |  | Investment Securities
Cash and cash equivalents, excluding money market accounts | $ | 102,982 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 102,982 |  | $ | 102,982 |  | $ | —
Level 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market accounts | 5,034 |  | — |  | — |  | 5,034 |  | 5,034 |  | —
Government & agency securities | 16,128 |  | (42) |  | 74 |  | 16,160 |  | — |  | 16,160
Equity Securities | 10,000 |  | (1,600) |  | — |  | 8,400 |  | — |  | 8,400
| 31,162 |  | (1,642) |  | 74 |  | 29,594 |  | 5,034 |  | 24,560
Level 2: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds | 30,577 |  | 79 |  | 273 |  | 30,929 |  | — |  | 30,929
Total | $ | 164,721 |  | $ | (1,563) |  | $ | 347 |  | $ | 163,505 |  | $ | 108,016 |  | $ | 55,489

| December 31, 2023
| Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Accrued Interest |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Cash & Cash Equivalents |  | Investment Securities
Cash and cash equivalents, excluding money market accounts | $ | 88,778 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 88,778 |  | $ | 88,778 |  | $ | —
Level 1: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market accounts | 5,662 |  | — |  | — |  | 5,662 |  | 5,662 |  | —
Government & agency securities | 15,282 |  | 126 |  | 40 |  | 15,448 |  | — |  | 15,448
Equity Securities | 10,000 |  | 150 |  | — |  | 10,150 |  | — |  | 10,150
| 30,944 |  | 276 |  | 40 |  | 31,260 |  | 5,662 |  | 25,598
Level 2: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds | 29,440 |  | 293 |  | 270 |  | 30,003 |  | — |  | 30,003
Total | $ | 149,162 |  | $ | 569 |  | $ | 310 |  | $ | 150,041 |  | $ | 94,440 |  | $ | 55,601

The Company had $65 thousand and $0 realized gains for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The Company had $74 thousand and $0 realized gains for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with LifeMD, Inc (Nasdaq: LFMD), a leading provider of virtual primary care, to purchase shares of common stock of LifeMD for $10 million. The securities are subject to a registration rights agreement which stipulates that the registration of the securities is to be made as soon as practicable, but not later than 90 days, following written demand by the Company. Written demand was made, and the securities registration remained in process as of June 30, 2024. The registration process was completed, effective July 18, 2024. In addition, the shares were subject to a 180-day lock-up period from the closing date of the agreement, December 11, 2023, which expired as of June 8, 2024. The fair value of the investment is recorded within the investment securities of the consolidated balance sheet. The
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losses related to the Company’s LifeMD investment for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 are summarized in the table below (in thousands):

| Three months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities | $ | (4,188) |  |  | $ | — |
Less: Net losses recognized on equity securities sold | — |  |  | — |
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date | $ | (4,188) |  |  | $ | — |

| Six months ended June 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities | $ | (1,750) |  |  | $ | — |
Less: Net losses recognized on equity securities sold | — |  |  | — |
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date | $ | (1,750) |  |  | $ | — |

The Company concurrently entered into an agreement in which LifeMD would provide services to stand-up the collaboration between LifeMD and the Company. The agreement stipulated an initial milestone payment of $5 million due upon execution of the agreement for these services. The services under the initial milestone were completed prior to December 31, 2023, and this amount was included in the Company’s selling, general, and administrative expenses on the consolidated statement of income for the quarter ended December 31, 2023. The Company made a second milestone payment under the agreement of $2.5 million on March 18, 2024. Of the total $2.5 million second milestone payment, $1.3 million was recognized within selling, general, and administrative expenses for services performed by LifeMD for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, with the remaining $1.2 million recognized in the quarter ended June 30, 2024. The final milestone payment of $2.5 million was made on June 5, 2024. Of the total $2.5 million final milestone payment, $0.8 million was recognized within selling, general, and administrative expenses for services performed by LifeMD for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, with the remaining $1.7 million to be recognized in the third quarter of 2024.
8. DEBT
Credit Agreement
On April 13, 2021, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Guarantors”) entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) among the Company, the Guarantors, the lenders party thereto and Citibank, N.A., in its capacity as administrative agent. On May 31, 2022, the Credit Agreement was amended to increase the borrowing capacity and convert the interest rate to be based on Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), from London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) (the “Amended Credit Agreement”). The Amended Credit Agreement provides for a $225.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility with a $20.0 million letter of credit sublimit. The Amended Credit Agreement also provides for an uncommitted incremental facility that permits the Company, subject to certain conditions, to increase the senior secured revolving credit facility by up to $100.0 million. The Amended Credit Agreement matures on April 13, 2026.
The Company’s obligations under the Amended Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Guarantors. The obligations of the Company and the Guarantors are secured by first-priority liens on substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions.
Under the Amended Credit Agreement, the Company will pay to the administrative agent for the account of each revolving lender a commitment fee on a quarterly basis based on amounts committed but unused under the revolving facility from 0.20% to 0.40% per annum depending on the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement). The Company is also obligated to pay the administrative agent customary fees for credit facilities of this size and type.
Revolving borrowings under the Amended Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to (i) the Term SOFR Rate for the interest period plus the Applicable Rate (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) based on the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio or (ii) the Alternate Base Rate (as defined in the Amended Credit Agreement) as in effect from time to time
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plus the Applicable Rate based on the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio. As of June 30, 2024, the Applicable Rate for Term SOFR Loans is 1.25% per annum and the Applicable Rate for ABR Loans is 0.25% per annum. SOFR based loans also include a Credit Spread Adjustment based on the duration of the borrowing.
The Amended Credit Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants customarily applicable to senior secured credit facilities, including covenants that, among other things, limit or restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries, subject to negotiated exceptions, to incur additional indebtedness and additional liens on their assets, engage in mergers or acquisitions or dispose of assets, pay dividends or make other distributions, voluntarily prepay other indebtedness, enter into transactions with affiliated persons, make investments and change the nature of their businesses. The Amended Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, subject to thresholds and grace periods, including, among others, payment default, covenant default, cross default to other material indebtedness and judgment default. In addition, the Amended Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain a Total Net Leverage Ratio of no more than 2.75 to 1.00 and an Interest Coverage Ratio of at least 3.50 to 1.00.
The Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Amended Credit Agreement, inclusive of the credit facility and letter of credit sublimit, as of June 30, 2024 and was in compliance with all covenants.
9. SUPPLY CHAIN OPTIMIZATION
During the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company completed a supply chain optimization initiative with the goal of aligning the Company’s distribution footprint with current demand levels. On June 28, 2024, the Company closed its Maryland Distribution Center located in Ridgely, Maryland. The Company is currently assessing options for the disposition of the land and building, but the associated asset group that includes the land and building is not impaired. The assets within the facility are being actively marketed for sale and were written down to fair value less cost to sell, with the impact reflected below as the loss of impairment of equipment held for sale. The Company identified certain other supply chain assets at other locations within its distribution network that will no longer be utilized and are no longer useful to the Company’s operations, and adjusted their respective useful lives accordingly, with the impact reflected below in the accelerated depreciation charges.
For the three months ended June 30, 2024, the components of the Company’s supply chain optimization charges were as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2024 |  |
Loss on impairment of equipment held for sale | $ | 2,499 |  |  |
Accelerated depreciation charges | 9,190 |  |  |
Non-cash charges for supply chain optimization | 11,689 |  |  |
One-time severance costs | 813 |  |  |
Total supply chain optimization | $ | 12,502 |  |  |

For the three months ended June 30, 2024, the supply chain optimization charges were recorded in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as follows:

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Selling, general, and administrative | $ | 12,502 |
Total supply chain optimization | $ | 12,502 |

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
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Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain information in this report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”). Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by use of phrases or terminology such as “intend,” “anticipate,” “expect,” or other similar words or the negative of such terminology. Similarly, descriptions of Medifast's objectives, strategies, plans, goals, or targets contained herein are also considered forward-looking statements. These statements are based on the current expectations of our management of Medifast and are subject to certain events, risks, uncertainties, and other factors. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in our 2023 Form 10-K and those described from time to time in our future reports filed with the SEC. Although Medifast believes that the expectations, statements, and assumptions reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cautions readers to always consider all of the risk factors and any other cautionary statements carefully in evaluating each forward-looking statement in this report. All of the forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the date of this report. We undertake no obligation to update any information contained in this report or to publicly release the results of any revisions to forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances of which we may become aware after the date of this report.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere herein.
Overview
Medifast is the health and wellness company known for its habit-based and Coach-guided lifestyle solution OPTA VIA®. As a physician-founded company with more than 40 years of history, OPTA VIA's lifestyle plans deliver clinically proven health benefits, utilizing scientifically developed products and a framework for habit creation reinforced by independent Coaches and community support. The Company has initiated its business transformation to build a set of differentiated capabilities, reflecting its commitment to providing comprehensive health and wellness solutions to customers as both their needs and the industry evolve, that are expected to position Medifast to be a leader in the dynamic and changing health and wellness space. As part of this transformation, the Company entered into a collaboration with LifeMD, Inc. (Nasdaq: LFMD) (“LifeMD”) in December of 2023, and launched a significant Company-led marketing effort in May of 2024. Medifast has created a well-capitalized business that has a powerful business model, building a network of approximately 33,900 independent active earning Coaches providing consistent and effective support to customers on their weight loss journeys.
In a rapidly changing health and wellness landscape, Medifast is committed to innovating and building upon its scientific and clinical heritage to deliver on its mission of offering the world Lifelong Transformation, Making a Healthy Lifestyle Second Nature™. With the growing interest in medically supported weight loss and GLP-1 medications powering the emergence of an important new market for products and services to support individuals on their health and wellness journey, Medifast is transforming its business to capitalize on this opportunity. Through the Company’s collaboration with LifeMD, Inc., OPTA VIA customers now have access to all-in-one holistic solutions, whether they are not utilizing medically supported weight loss, are currently using medical weight loss options, transitioning off medications, or looking for further support after stopping taking medications.
This collaboration brings together OPTA VIA’s personalized habit-based, coach-guided approach with medical expertise from board-certified affiliated LifeMD clinicians, allowing access to weight loss medications, including GLP-1 medications, when clinically appropriate. With this collaboration, the Company and LifeMD are developing an integrated offering with the goal of creating a comprehensive and seamless solution for customers who desire to use medications and OPTA VIA’s lifestyle enhancement program, outlined in further detail below. In addition to lifestyle support and a simple roadmap for habit creation, the integrated offering includes scientifically developed nutritional support solutions including a GLP-1 Nutrition Support product kit designed to help mitigate GLP-1 medication side effects, such as muscle loss. Through LifeMD, customers also have access to a medical provider and blood work, as well as prescription and insurance support.
As the medications for weight loss continue to evolve and grow, Medifast is dedicated to maintaining a relentless focus on the development of additional support products and supplements designed to meet customer needs and to make living a healthy lifestyle second nature.
OPTA VIA’s holistic lifestyle solution is built around four key components:
•Independent OPTA VIA Coaches: Independent OPTA VIA Coaches provide individualized support and guidance to customers on the path to optimal health and wellbeing. The Coaches have impacted more than 3 million lives to date.
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•OPTA VIA Community: A Community of like-minded people provide real-time connection and support.
•The Habits of Health® Transformational System: A proprietary system that offers easy steps to a sustainable healthy lifestyle.
•Products & Plans: Lifestyle plans with clinically proven health benefits and scientifically developed products, backed by dietitians, scientists, and physicians.
OPTA VIA's collaboration with LifeMD offers access to an additional resource for eligible customers:
•Clinicians as Partners: Through the collaboration with LifeMD, OPTA VIA customers have access to LifeMD’s board-certified affiliated clinicians and medication, such as GLP-1 medications when clinically appropriate, that support treatment plans for obesity and other health conditions.
Across these offerings, customers are aided in achieving their health goals through a network of OPTA VIA Coaches, about 90% of whom were customers first. OPTA VIA Coaches introduce customers to a set of healthy habits, in most cases starting with the habit of healthy eating, and offer exclusive OPTA VIA-branded products, including Fuelings as well as OPTA VIA ACTIVE®, a line of essential amino acid supplements and protein powders. Fuelings are nutrient-dense, portion-controlled, nutritionally interchangeable, and simple to use. They are formulated with high-quality ingredients and contain BC30™ probiotic cultures, which help support digestive health as part of a balanced diet and healthy lifestyle, vitamins and minerals, as well as other nutrients essential for good health. Our products are used as tools and support the process of integrating healthy habits into our customers' daily lives.
The OPTA VIA coaching model is customer-centric and boasts an energized health and wellness community. It promotes holistic health and wellness and positions healthy weight as a catalyst to greater lifestyle changes. OPTA VIA Coaches provide personalized support to customers and motivate them by sharing their passion for healthy living and lifestyle transformation.
The entrepreneurial spirit of our OPTA VIA Coaches is another key to our success, as they activate new customers, many of whom go on to become OPTA VIA Coaches. We offer economic incentives designed to support each OPTA VIA Coach’s long-term success, which we believe plays an important role in their financial wellness, providing the opportunity to improve their finances while changing the health trajectory of families, communities, and generations.1
OPTA VIA Coaches are independent contractors, not employees, who support customers and market our products and services primarily through word of mouth, email, and social media channels such as Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly known as Twitter), and video conferencing platforms. As entrepreneurs, OPTA VIA Coaches market our products to friends, family, and other acquaintances. OPTA VIA products are shipped directly to customers who are working with an OPTA VIA Coach. OPTA VIA Coaches do not handle inventory or deliver merchandise to customers. This arrangement frees our OPTA VIA Coaches from having to manage inventory and allows them to maintain an arms-length transactional relationship while focusing their attention on support and encouragement.
With the expansion of our business to include GLP-1 support tools, we are leveraging multiple channels to enhance customer acquisition and spur meaningful growth. OPTA VIA Coaches remain a fundamental component of our business, and their outreach around our integrated wellness offering is one channel to drive customer acquisition. Additionally, we are collaborating with LifeMD to activate their patient base as another channel for us to acquire customers. Further, in May 2024, we launched a national marketing campaign designed to drive customer acquisition and elevate brand awareness. Additional information surrounding the marketing campaign can be found in the section below titled, “Recent Initiatives.” These new acquisition channels and investments are intended to evolve the Company’s current single-channel Coach-focused business model to be one that pairs company advertising with relationship-based Coaching and the ability to access weight loss medications through our collaboration with LifeMD. Collectively, we believe these initiatives will significantly broaden OPTA VIA’s reach, advancing its mission to empower individuals on their own health journeys, and fuel positive outcomes and revenue streams. We anticipate this momentum will lay the foundation for improved performance in 2025 and beyond.
1 OPTA VIA makes no guarantee of financial success. Success with OPTA VIA results from successful sales efforts, which require hard work, diligence, skill, persistence, competence, and leadership. Please see the OPTA VIA Income Disclosure Statement (http://bit.ly/ids OPTA VIA) for statistics on actual earnings of Coaches.
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Our operations are conducted through our wholly owned subsidiaries, Jason Pharmaceuticals, Inc., OPTA VIA, LLC, Jason Enterprises, Inc., Jason Properties, LLC, Seven Crondall Associates, LLC, Corporate Events, Inc., OPTA VIA (Hong Kong) Limited, OPTA VIA (Singapore) PTE. LTD, and OPTA VIA Health Consultation (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Macroeconomic Conditions and Competition
Certain economic challenges including the impact of inflation have caused macroeconomic uncertainty and volatility in markets where we, our suppliers and our OPTA VIA Coaches operate.
We are exposed to market risks from changes in commodity or other raw material prices. Rising inflation could impact our cost structure and has put pressure on consumer spending. Increases in commodity prices or food costs, including as a result of inflation, could affect the global and U.S. economies and could also adversely impact our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Our variable cost structure can be utilized to adapt to changing market conditions with potential actions including adjustments to our manufacturing, distribution, and customer support infrastructure.
In response to changing macroeconomic conditions, the Company may take further actions that alter its business operations that are determined to be in the best interests of its employees, OPTA VIA Coaches and customers, such as evaluating our operational footprint or taking incremental pricing actions to offset supply chain costs and inflationary pressures. The supply chain optimization completed in the quarter ended June 30, 2024, as discussed in Item 1. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are examples of such actions.
The weight loss industry is very competitive and encompasses a diverse array of weight loss products and programs. These include a wide variety of commercial weight loss programs, pharmaceutical products, surgical interventions, books, self-help diets, dietary meal replacements, and appetite suppressants as well as digital tools, app-based health and wellness monitoring solutions, and wearable trackers. Potential customers seeking to manage their weight have many options and can turn to online diet-oriented sites, self-directed dieting, traditional center-based competitors, and self-administered products such as prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, and supplements as well as medically supervised programs.
Beginning in Q3 2022, we began to see a downward trend in the number of active earning Coaches, driven by a decline in customers and attributable to changing social media algorithms and inflationary pressures on consumer spending. Additionally, the downward trend’s decline became sharper beginning in Q2 2023 due to the increase prevalence and adoption of GLP-1 medications and increased pressures on customer acquisition. We believe that, with continued pressures on customer acquisition, this downward trend in the number of active earning Coaches will continue in the short-term.
Medical weight loss solutions, such as GLP-1 medications, have become an increasingly key component of the overall health and wellness ecosystem, and the recent surging awareness and popularity of these weight loss medications serves as another major competing factor, as these products have prompted a huge change in the way that consumers think about weight loss and lifestyle modification solutions in general. We recognize that these weight loss medications have attracted significant attention from the market and pose a threat to our interactions with our customer base. Importantly, the efficacy claims of GLP-1 medications for weight loss are based specifically on their incorporation with lifestyle changes, such as through a structured program like OPTA VIA, that include a reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity. As a result, under Medifast’s offering, access to weight loss medications becomes one important element in an overall tailored lifestyle plan that also includes Coaching, community support, nutritionally balanced meals, and exercise.
Our research shows that most of those who are interested in weight loss medications are also looking for support beyond a prescription, including clarity on how to incorporate healthy eating and exercise into their lifestyles while using these medical solutions. While medically supported weight loss can be effective, long-term success is dependent on nutrition and lifestyle changes.
We believe our scientific and clinical heritage combined with our commitment to evaluating programs, plans and products through clinical research are primary differentiators that allow us to compete in these markets. Our scientifically designed products were originally developed by a physician, and we have continued the development of nutrition and weight-management products since our founding.
These macroeconomic uncertainties make it challenging for our management to estimate our future business performance. However, we intend to continue to actively monitor the impact of these developments on our business and will update our practices accordingly. Medifast has perfected our model over the last 40 plus years, with habits, Coaches, and community at the core, and we will continue to innovate as the industry evolves.
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Recent Initiatives
In response to the current competitive landscape, in which acquiring customers has become more difficult due to competitive pressures from GLP-1 medications being sought after by our potential customers, the Company is focusing on a number of initiatives to aid in increasing revenue and profit growth in the years ahead. At the core of the Company’s transformation is its desire to grow its business by broadening its customer base through increased brand visibility and recognition, and by significantly expanding its total addressable market.
Areas of investment include executing our new marketing campaign as well as cultivating new customers through the Company’s collaboration with LifeMD.
Through an expected investment of approximately $25 million in Company-led marketing efforts in 2024, we are committed to driving growth and enhancing brand visibility while highlighting our holistic offer. This high-profile national campaign aims to elevate OPTA VIA brand awareness, foster engagement and drive customer conversion. With a multi-phase, omnichannel approach, the campaign will introduce new consumer and Coach-facing branding and visuals, and elevate the website, social and digital experience.
We plan to ramp up our investment in the second half of 2024 and form the foundation of the Company’s strategy to return to growth, broadening and deepening our acquisition channels. This aligns with our three strategic growth pillars – robust marketing initiatives, coaching network expansion and strategic collaboration with LifeMD – to empower individuals on their journey to optimal health and wellbeing.
We believe by significantly broadening our customer acquisition activities, through launching our new marketing campaign, upgrading customers' digital experience, and leaning into the medically supported weight loss market through our collaboration with LifeMD, we will be positioned for future success.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management develops, and changes periodically, these estimates and assumptions based on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. There were no significant changes in our critical estimates during the first six months of 2024.
Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 to the audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2023 Form 10-K. We consider all of our significant accounting policies and estimates to be critical.
Overview of Results of Operations
Our product sales accounted for approximately 97% of our revenues for each of the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023.
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The following tables reflect our income statements (in thousands, except percentages):

| Three months ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Revenue | $ | 168,558 |  | $ | 296,188 |  | $ | (127,630) |  |  | (43.1) | %
Cost of sales | 45,120 |  | 85,473 |  | (40,353) |  |  | (47.2) | %
Gross profit | 123,438 |  | 210,715 |  | (87,277) |  |  | (41.4) | %
Selling, general, and administrative | 131,314 |  | 172,009 |  | (40,695) |  |  | (23.7) | %
Income (loss) from operations | (7,876) |  | 38,706 |  | (46,582) |  |  | (120.3) | %
Other income (expense) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 1,296 |  | 462 |  | 834 |  |  | 180.5 | %
Other expense | (4,070) |  | (51) |  | (4,019) |  |  | (7880.4) | %
| (2,774) |  | 411 |  | (3,185) |  |  | (774.9) | %
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes | (10,650) |  | 39,117 |  | (49,767) |  |  | (127.2) | %
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | (2,496) |  | 8,837 |  | (11,333) |  |  | (128.2) | %
Net income (loss) | $ | (8,154) |  | $ | 30,280 |  | $ | (38,434) |  |  | (126.9) | %
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 73.2 | % |  | 71.1 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general, and administrative costs | 77.9 | % |  | 58.1 | % |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from operations | (4.7) | % |  | 13.1 | % |  |  |  |

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| Six months ended June 30, |  |  |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Revenue | $ | 343,297 |  | $ | 645,170 |  | (301,873) |  |  | (46.8) | %
Cost of sales | 92,567 |  | 188,065 |  | (95,498) |  | (50.8) | %
Gross profit | 250,730 |  | 457,105 |  | (206,375) |  |  | (45.1) | %
Selling, general, and administrative | 250,666 |  | 364,887 |  | (114,221) |  |  | (31.3) | %
Income from operations | 64 |  | 92,218 |  | (92,154) |  |  | (99.9) | %
Other income |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 2,519 |  | 281 |  | 2,238 |  |  | 796.4 | %
Other expense | (1,647) |  | (53) |  | (1,594) |  | (3007.5) | %
| 872 |  | 228 |  | 644 |  |  | 282.5 | %
Income from operations before income taxes | 936 |  | 92,446 |  | (91,510) |  |  | (99.0) | %
Provision for income taxes | 773 |  | 22,198 |  | (21,425) |  |  | (96.5) | %
Net income | $ | 163 |  | $ | 70,248 |  | $ | (70,085) |  |  | (99.8) | %
% of revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 73.0 | % |  | 70.9 | % |  |  |  |
Selling, general, and administrative costs | 73.0 | % |  | 56.6 | % |  |  |  |
Income from operations | — | % |  | 14.3 | % |  |  |  |

Revenue: Revenue decreased $127.6 million, or 43.1%, to $168.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from $296.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decline in revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily driven by a decrease in the number of active earning OPTA VIA Coaches to 33,900 as of June 30, 2024, a 36.2% decrease from 53,100 as of June 30, 2023 and the decline in the productivity per active earning OPTA VIA Coach. The average revenue per active earning OPTA VIA Coach was $4,972 for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a 10.9% decrease compared to $5,578 for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Revenue decreased $301.9 million, or 46.8%, to $343.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $645.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decline in revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was driven by a decrease in the number of active earning OPTA VIA Coaches, the decline in productivity per active earnings OPTA VIA Coach, and a $9.1 million impact from a timing difference related to changes in the Company’s sales order terms and conditions with its customers realized in the first quarter of 2023. The average revenue per active earning OPTA VIA Coach was $4,788 for the six months ended June 30, 2024, a 17.0% decrease compared to $5,771 for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in productivity per active earning OPTA VIA Coach for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and six months ended June 30, 2024 was driven by continued pressure on customer acquisition.
Cost of sales: Cost of sales decreased $40.4 million, or 47.2%, to $45.1 million from $85.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from the corresponding period in 2023. Cost of sales decreased $95.5 million, or 50.8%, to $92.6 million from $188.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024. The decrease in cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily driven by decreased volumes, cost savings from our Fuel for the Future initiatives, and efficiencies in inventory management.
Non-GAAP adjusted cost of sales were $42.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $42.9 million, or 50.2%, as compared to $85.5 million from the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted cost of sales were $90.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $98.1 million, or 52.2%, as compared to $188.1 million for the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted cost of sales excludes expenses in connection with the Company’s
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restructuring of external manufacturing agreements. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below for a reconciliation of each of non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure.
Gross profit: Gross profit decreased $87.3 million, or 41.4%, to $123.4 million from $210.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from the corresponding period in 2023. The decrease in gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was due to lower revenue. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit increased 210 basis points to 73.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 from 71.1% for the corresponding period in 2023. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was positively impacted by cost savings from our Fuel for the Future initiatives and efficiencies in inventory management. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, gross profit decreased $206.4 million, or 45.1%, to $250.7 million from $457.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in gross profit for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was due to lower revenue. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit increased 210 basis points to 73.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from 70.9% for the corresponding period in 2023. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was positively impacted by cost savings from our Fuel for the Future initiatives and efficiencies in inventory management.
Non-GAAP adjusted gross profit was $126.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $84.7 million, or 40.2%, as compared to $210.7 million from the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted gross profit margin increased 370 basis points to 74.8% from 71.1% for the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted gross profit was $253.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $203.8 million, or 44.6%, as compared to $457.1 million for the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted gross profit margin increased 290 basis points to 73.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from 70.9% for the corresponding period in 2023. Refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below for a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure.
Selling, general, and administrative: SG&A expenses were $131.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $40.7 million, or 23.7%, as compared to $172.0 million from the corresponding period in 2023. SG&A expenses decreased for the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to decreased Coach compensation on fewer active earning Coaches and lower sales volumes, partially offset by the loss of leverage on fixed costs due to lower sales volumes and supply chain optimization costs. The Company also incurred market research and investment costs related to medically supported weight loss, costs to exit hotel commitments for our annual OPTA VIA convention in future years, reflecting a change in strategy, and costs for our Company-led customer acquisition initiatives. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expenses were 77.9% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to 58.1% for the corresponding period in 2023. SG&A expenses as a percentage of revenue increased for the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily reflecting the loss of leverage on fixed costs due to lower sales volumes and supply chain optimization costs. SG&A expenses included research and development costs of $1.1 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in connection with the development of new products and plans, and clinical research activities. SG&A expenses were $250.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $114.2 million, or 31.3%, as compared to $364.9 million from the corresponding period in 2023. SG&A expenses decreased for the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily due to decreased Coach compensation on fewer active earning Coaches and lower sales volumes, partially offset by the loss of leverage on fixed costs due to lower sales volumes and supply chain optimization costs. The Company also incurred costs for our Company-led customer acquisition initiatives, and market research and investment costs related to medically supported weight loss. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expenses were 73.0% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to 56.6% for the corresponding period in 2023 primarily reflecting the loss of leverage on fixed costs due to lower sales volumes and supply chain optimization costs. SG&A expenses included research and development costs of $2.1 million and $2.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, in connection with the development of new products and plans, and clinical research activities.
Non-GAAP adjusted SG&A expenses were $113.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $58.2 million, or 33.8%, as compared to $172.0 million from the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted SG&A expenses were $231.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $133.1 million, or 36.5%, as compared to $364.9 million from the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted SG&A excludes expenses related to the Company’s supply chain optimization costs, costs to exit hotel commitments for our annual OPTA VIA convention in future years, reflecting a change in strategy, and costs for its collaboration with LifeMD. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below for a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure.
Income (loss) from operations: For the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company’s loss from operations was $7.9 million, a $46.6 million decrease from the $38.7 million income from operations for the corresponding period in 2023 primarily as a result of decreased gross profit partially offset by decreased SG&A expenses. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 the Company’s loss from operations as a percentage of revenue was 4.7% as compared to the Company’s income from operations as a percentage of revenue of 13.1% for the corresponding period in 2023, due to the factors described above impacting SG&A
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expenses, partially offset by the factors impacting gross profit. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, income from operations decreased $92.2 million to less than $0.1 million from $92.2 million for the corresponding period in 2023 primarily as a result of the factors described above impacting SG&A expenses, partially offset by the factors impacting gross profit. Income from operations as a percentage of revenue decreased to less than 0.1% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from 14.3% for the corresponding period in 2023 due to the factors above impacting SG&A expenses, partially offset by the factors impacting gross profit.
Non-GAAP adjusted income from operations was $12.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $26.5 million, or 68.4%, as compared to $38.7 million from the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted income from operations as a percentage of revenue was 7.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of 580 basis points from 13.1% for the corresponding period in the prior year Non-GAAP adjusted income from operations was $21.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of $70.7 million, or 76.7%, as compared to $92.2 million from the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted income from operations as a percentage of revenue was 6.3% for the six months ended June 30, 2024, a decrease of 800 basis points from 14.3% for the corresponding period in the prior year. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below for a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure.
Provision (benefit) for income taxes: For the three months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded $2.5 million in income tax benefit, an effective tax rate of 23.4%, as compared to $8.8 million in income tax expense, an effective tax rate of 22.6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023. The change in the effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily driven by the net loss position in 2024 and the corresponding rate impact from the tax benefit for research and development tax credits, partially offset by the rate impact from the limitation for executive compensation. F or the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company recorded $0.8 million in income tax expense, an effective tax rate of 82.6%, as compared to $22.2 million in income tax expense, an effective tax rate of 24.0%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase in the effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2024 was primarily driven by the impact of the tax shortfall for stock compensation, which was magnified by the near break-even pre-tax income position.
Non-GAAP adjusted income tax provision was $3.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, an effective tax rate of 26.2% as compared to 22.6% for the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted income tax provision was $6.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, an effective tax rate of 27.2%, as compared to 24.0% for the corresponding period in 2023. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below for a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure.
Net income (loss): Net loss was $8.2 million, or $0.75 per diluted share for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to net income of $30.3 million, or $2.77 per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Net income was $0.2 million, or $0.01 per diluted share for the six months ended June 30, 2024, as compared to $70.2 million, or $6.43 per diluted share for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The period-over-period changes were driven by the factors described above.
Non-GAAP adjusted net income was $10.1 million or $0.92 per diluted share for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to $2.77 per diluted share for the corresponding period in 2023. Non-GAAP adjusted net income was $17.5 million or $1.60 per diluted share for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to $6.43 per diluted share for the corresponding period in 2023. Refer to “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below for a reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure to its most comparable GAAP financial measure.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding our results as determined by GAAP, we disclose various non-GAAP financial measures in this quarterly report, our quarterly earnings press release, and other public disclosures. The following GAAP financial measures have been presented on an as-adjusted basis: Cost of sales, Gross profit, SG&A expenses, income (loss) from operations, other income (expense), provision (benefit) for income taxes, net income (loss), and diluted earnings (loss) per share. Each of these as-adjusted financial measures excludes the impact of certain amounts related to supply chain optimization and restructuring of external manufacturing agreements, costs to exit hotel commitments for our OPTA VIA convention in future years, unrealized gains or losses on our investment in LifeMD common stock, and the LifeMD collaboration as further identified below and have not been calculated in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of each of these non-GAAP financial measures to its most comparable GAAP financial measure is included below. These non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to replace GAAP financial measures.
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We use these non-GAAP financial measures internally to evaluate and manage the Company’s operations because we believe they provide useful supplemental information regarding the Company’s on-going economic performance. We have chosen to provide this information to investors to enable them to perform more meaningful comparisons of operating results and as a means to emphasize the results of on-going operations.
The following tables reconcile the non-GAAP financial measures included in this report (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
| GAAP(1) |  | Supply Chain Optimization and Restructuring of External Manufacturing Agreements(2) |  | OPTAVIA Convention Cancellation(2) |  | Unrealized Loss on Investment in LifeMD Common Stock(2) |  | LifeMD Prepaid Services Amortization(2) |  | Non-GAAP(2)
Cost of sales | $ | 45,120 |  |  | $ | (2,579) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42,541 |
Gross profit | 123,438 |  |  | 2,579 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 126,017 |
Selling, general, and administrative | 131,314 |  |  | (12,502) |  |  | (3,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,021) |  |  | 113,791 |
Income (loss) from operations | (7,876) |  |  | 15,081 |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,021 |  |  | 12,226 |
Other income (expense) | (2,774) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,188 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,414 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes | (2,496) |  |  | 3,770 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | 505 |  |  | 3,576 |
Net income (loss) | (8,154) |  |  | 11,311 |  |  | 2,250 |  |  | 3,141 |  |  | 1,516 |  |  | 10,064 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share | (0.75) |  |  | 1.03 |  |  | 0.21 |  |  | 0.29 |  |  | 0.14 |  |  | 0.92 |

(1) The weighted-average diluted shares outstanding used in the calculation of these non-GAAP financial measures are the same as the weighted-average shares outstanding used in the calculation of the reported per share amounts.
(2) The weighted-average diluted shares outstanding used in the calculation of these non-GAAP financial measures uses 10,962 thousand shares under the treasury stock method.

| Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
| GAAP |  | Supply Chain Optimization and Restructuring of External Manufacturing Agreements |  | OPTAVIA Convention Cancellation |  | Unrealized Loss on Investment in LifeMD Common Stock |  | LifeMD Prepaid Services Amortization |  | Non-GAAP
Cost of sales | $ | 85,473 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 85,473 |
Gross profit | 210,715 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 210,715 |
Selling, general, and administrative | 172,009 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 172,009 |
Income from operations | 38,706 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,706 |
Other income | 411 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 411 |
Provision for income taxes | 8,837 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,837 |
Net income | 30,280 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,280 |
Diluted earnings per share(1) | 2.77 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.77 |

(1) The weighted-average diluted shares outstanding used in the calculation of these non-GAAP financial measures are the same as the weighted-average shares outstanding used in the calculation of the reported per share amounts.
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| Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
| GAAP |  | Supply Chain Optimization and Restructuring of External Manufacturing Agreements |  | OPTAVIA Convention Cancellation |  | Unrealized Loss on Investment in LifeMD Common Stock |  | LifeMD Prepaid Services Amortization |  | Non-GAAP
Cost of sales | $ | 92,567 |  |  | $ | (2,579) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89,988 |
Gross profit | 250,730 |  |  | 2,579 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 253,309 |
Selling, general, and administrative | 250,666 |  |  | (12,502) |  |  | (3,000) |  |  |  |  | (3,348) |  |  | 231,816 |
Income from operations | 64 |  |  | 15,081 |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,348 |  |  | 21,493 |
Other income | 872 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,751 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,623 |
Provision for income taxes | 773 |  |  | 3,770 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 438 |  |  | 837 |  |  | 6,568 |
Net income | 163 |  |  | 11,311 |  |  | 2,250 |  |  | 1,313 |  |  | 2,511 |  |  | 17,548 |
Diluted earnings per share(1) | 0.01 |  |  | 1.03 |  |  | 0.21 |  |  | 0.12 |  |  | 0.23 |  |  | 1.60 |

(1) The weighted-average diluted shares outstanding used in the calculation of these non-GAAP financial measures are the same as the weighted-average shares outstanding used in the calculation of the reported per share amounts.

| Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
| GAAP |  | Supply Chain Optimization and Restructuring of External Manufacturing Agreements |  | OPTAVIA Convention Cancellation |  | Unrealized Loss on Investment in LifeMD Common Stock |  | LifeMD Prepaid Services Amortization |  | Non-GAAP
Cost of sales | $ | 188,065 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 188,065 |
Gross profit | 457,105 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 457,105 |
Selling, general, and administrative | 364,887 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 364,887 |
Income from operations | 92,218 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 92,218 |
Other income | 228 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 228 |
Provision for income taxes | 22,198 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,198 |
Net income | 70,248 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 70,248 |
Diluted earnings per share(1) | 6.43 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6.43 |

(1) The weighted-average diluted shares outstanding used in the calculation of these non-GAAP financial measures are the same as the weighted-average shares outstanding used in the calculation of the reported per share amounts.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company had stockholders’ equity of $205.3 million and working capital of $149.1 million at June 30, 2024 as compared with $201.5 million and $131.7 million at December 31, 2023, respectively. The $3.8 million net increase in stockholders’ equity was primarily driven by a $4.6 million increase in share-based compensation partially offset by $0.8 million in net shares repurchased for employee taxes. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and investment securities increased from $150.0 million at December 31, 2023 to $163.5 million at June 30, 2024.
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $86.9 million to $20.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $107.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. This was primarily driven by a $57.2 million decrease in net income excluding non-cash charges, a $35.0 million decrease related to a smaller inventory reduction in the period ending June 30, 2024 to align with sales demand, and a $5.5 million decrease resulting from higher prepaid expenses and other current assets, partially offset by a $12.4 million increase resulting from a smaller reduction in accounts payable and accrued expenses during the period.
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Net cash used in investing activities was $5.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. The increase was primarily driven by a $1.5 million increase of net purchases of investment securities during the six months ended June 30, 2024.
Net cash used in financing activities decreased by $42.2 million to $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 from $43.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023. This decrease was primarily due to a $36.3 million decrease in cash dividends paid to stockholders, a $3.6 million decrease in stock repurchases, and a $2.4 million decrease in net shares repurchased for employee taxes.
In pursuing its business strategy, the Company may require additional cash for operating and investing activities. The Company expects future cash requirements in both the short term and the long term, if any, to be funded from operating cash flow and financing activities.
From time to time, the Company evaluates potential acquisitions that complement our business. If consummated, any such transactions may use a portion of our working capital or require the issuance of equity or debt. We have no present understandings, commitments or agreements with respect to any material acquisitions.
On April 13, 2021, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Guarantors”) entered into a credit agreement among the Company, the Guarantors, the lenders party thereto and Citibank, N.A., in its capacity as administrative agent. On May 31, 2022, the Credit Agreement was amended to increase the borrowing capacity and convert the interest rate to be based on SOFR, from LIBOR (the “Amended Credit Agreement”). The Amended Credit Agreement provides for a $225.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility with a $20.0 million letter of credit sublimit. The Amended Credit Agreement also provides for an uncommitted incremental facility that permits the Company, subject to certain conditions, to increase the senior secured revolving credit facility by up to $100.0 million. The Amended Credit Agreement contains affirmative and negative covenants customarily applicable to credit facilities. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had no borrowings under the credit facility and was in compliance with all of its debt covenants.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk is the potential loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates and a decline in the stock market. The Company does not enter into derivatives, foreign exchange transactions or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
The Company is exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates and market pricing impacting our credit facility and investment in money market securities, government and agency securities, and corporate bonds. Other than for strategic investments, its current investment policy is to maintain an investment portfolio consisting of corporate bonds and U.S. money market securities directly or through managed funds. Its cash is deposited in and invested through highly rated financial institutions in North America. Its marketable securities, purchased during 2023, are subject to interest rate risk and market pricing risk and will fall in value if market interest rates increase or if market pricing decreases. If market interest rates were to increase and market pricing were to decrease immediately and uniformly by 10% from levels at June 30, 2024, the Company estimates that the fair value of its investment portfolio would decline by an immaterial amount and therefore it would not expect its operating results or cash flows to be affected to any significant degree by the effect of a change in market conditions on our investments. Additionally, the Company is exposed to market risk related to price fluctuations in equity markets related to its investment in LifeMD common stock, purchased in December of 2023. If equity prices were to decrease immediately and uniformly by 10% from levels at June 30, 2024, the Company estimates that the fair value of the Company investment would decline by an immaterial amount and therefore it would not expect its operating results or cash flows to be affected by any significant degree by the effect of a change in market conditions on our investment.
There have been no material changes to our market risk exposure since December 31, 2023.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Act, as amended, as of June 30, 2024. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported accurately and on a timely basis. Based on this evaluation performed in accordance with the criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission,
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our management concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level as of the end of the period covered by this report.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no material changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Act) during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Part II Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Company is, from time to time, subject to a variety of litigation and similar proceedings that arise out of the ordinary course of its business. Based upon the Company’s experience, current information and applicable law, it does not believe that these proceedings and claims will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial position or liquidity. However, the results of legal actions cannot be predicted with certainty. Therefore, it is possible that the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or cash flows could be materially adversely affected in any particular period by the unfavorable resolution of one or more legal actions.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A of the 2023 Form 10-K.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

2024 |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan or Program |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2)
April 1 - April 30 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,323,568
May 1 - May 31 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,323,568
June 1 - June 30 |  | 75 |  |  | 23.80 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,323,568

(1)All of the shares of the Company’s common stock reflected in this column were surrendered by employees and directors to the Company to cover minimum tax liability withholding obligations upon the exercise of stock options or the vesting of shares of restricted stock and performance-based share awards previously granted to such employees and directors.
(2)At the outset of the quarter ended June 30, 2024, there were 1,323,568 shares of the Company’s common stock eligible for repurchase under the stock repurchase authorization dated September 16, 2014 (the "Stock Repurchase Plan").
As of June 30, 2024, there were 1,323,568 shares of the Company’s common stock eligible for repurchase under the Stock Repurchase Plan. There can be no assurances as to the amount, timing or prices of repurchases, which may vary based on market conditions and other factors. The Stock Repurchase Plan does not have an expiration date and can be modified or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Description of Exhibit
3.1 |  | Restated and Amended Certificate of Incorporation of Medifast, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-31573) filed February 27, 2015).
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Medifast, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Amendment No. 1 Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-31573) filed on December 4, 2019).
10.1 |  | Medifast, Inc. Amended and Restated 2012 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-31573 filed on June 21, 2024).
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith).
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith).
101 |  | The following financial statements from Medifast, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 filed August 5, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (filed herewith).
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File - The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

In accordance with SEC Release No. 33-8238, Exhibit 32.1 is being furnished and not filed.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Medifast, Inc.

By: | /s/ DANIEL R. CHARD |
| Daniel R. Chard |
| Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
Dated: | August 5, 2024 |
| /s/ JAMES P. MALONEY |
| James P. Maloney |
| Chief Financial Officer |
| (Principal Financial Officer) |
Dated: | August 5, 2024 |

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